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(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2024 9(1), 157-177 | Article | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. – II. Thinking infrastructurally about Schengen. – III. Schengen as legal infrastructure. – IV. Infrastructural connections beyond the EU. – V. Conclusion. | (Abstract) Human mobility has always been a pre-condition for human development, yet few issues today remain subject to such elaborate legal restrictions. The Schengen acquis is exemplary of this as a composite network of legalities that extend over a broad range of human activities. This Article pioneers legal infrastructures as an analytical tool to bring into focus law’s fundamental role in shaping human (im)mobility. Section II sets the theoretical frame by conceptualizing Schengen as a legal infrastructure through a brief tour through the scholarly field of infrastructural studies. Section III then traces the emergence of the Schengen legal infrastructure through historical iterations of physicality, accretion, and entanglement. Section IV further shows how Schengen has transformed to actively mediate human mobility and normative frameworks also outside the European space. Part IV concludes briefly on the implications of our analysis for understanding Schengen as a cornerstone of European mobility law.

Los osteocondromas son tumores óseos benignos que se desarrollan en la edad pediátrica y cesa su crecimiento con la madurez esquelética. A partir de la placa de crecimiento, en la diáfisis de los huesos largos, se produce una excrecencia, semejante a una herniación que puede tener una base ancha (sésil) o angosta (pediculada), y su superficie forma parte de la corteza ósea de la cual creció. Usualmente son únicos y asintomáticos, pero también pueden ser múltiples y producir manifestaciones por compresión de tejidos vecinos (tendones, paquetes vasculonerviosos o articulaciones), limitando la funcionalidad de la articulación cercana. El diagnóstico se confirma con estudios radiológicos, siendo, en la mayoría de los casos, un hallazgo casual, por no presentase manifestaciones clínicas. El objetivo de la presentación de este caso es revisar el osteocondroma como patología relativamente frecuente, recordar las posibles manifestaciones clínicas, su diagnóstico y tratamiento, a través de la descripción del hallazgo fortuito de un osteocondroma de fémur distal en un adulto de 34 años.

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the factors related to the individual and the health system that contribute to delayed diagnosis of leprosy in an endemic area in the Northeastern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study of 120 individuals with leprosy. Demographic and clinical data and information on the factors related to the individual and the health system that contribute to delayed diagnosis of leprosy were obtained. Delayed diagnosis in months was estimated for each participant by interviews. A multivariate Poisson’s regression analysis was performed between the outcome and the independent variables. The median delay in the diagnosis of leprosy was 10.5 (4.0-24.0) months. Approximately 12.6% of participants had grade 2 disability (G2D) at the time of diagnosis. In the multivariate Poisson regression analysis, males, older age, low schooling level, residing in urban areas, multibacellar or tuberculoid leprosy, not seeking healthcare immediately after symptom onset, suspected leprosy, excessive referrals, and the need for three or more consultations to confirm the diagnosis were associated with longer diagnostic delay. This study found a significant delay in the diagnosis of leprosy in Arapiraca, Northeastern Brazil, which may explain the continuously high rate of G2D among new cases. Factors related to the individual and the health system were associated with longer diagnostic delay. Interventions to raise awareness of the disease among the general population and strengthen primary health care are urgently needed.

Review of Aidan Norrie, Carolyn Harris, J. L. Laynesmith, Danna R. Messer, and Elena Woodacre, eds, Tudor and Stuart Consorts: Power, Influence, and Dynasty (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022).

El análisis musical es un proceso que se ha llevado a cabo desde hace años donde diferentes expertos han buscado estudiar variadas piezas musicales. Este proceso inicia con el aprendizaje de detección de tonos, notas y acordes, donde los estudiantes tienen que entrenar el oído para poder llevarlo a cabo. Bajo este contexto, en el siguiente trabajo se ha realizado un árbol de decisión en base a un dataset de coros de Bach con el fin de predecir acordes a partir de tonos. Se dividió el dataset en 80% para crear el árbol y 20% para pruebas, después se realizó la transformación de datos para realizar un análisis de los mismos, con esto finalmente se creó un árbol de decisión con una profundidad de 15 y una exactitud del 75.52%, finalmente se realizaron las pruebas y encontramos buenos resultados de la exactitud del árbol.

The prevention science has endorsed standards for evidence related to research on programme evaluation. However, some controversies persist regarding its application in the provision of family support under the European Positive Parenting initiative. This Special Issue aims to map the expansion of preventive family support programmes in Spain and to contrast the quality of the evidence against the prevention standards according with the European Family Support Network. Members of the Spanish Family Support Network made up of entities in several sectors identified 57 programmes implemented in Spain and filled in a formative evaluation sheet for each programme. The articles in this issue analysed the results of four main aspects in all programmes: description, implementation, evaluation, and impact/sustainability. The findings will inform the scope and variety of support provided and the quality of programmes in Spain, providing guidelines for improvement and addressing challenges to reinforce quality assurance in child and family services.

Implementation research addresses how well a programme is conducted when applied in real-world conditions. However, research based on quality standards is still scarce as it requires monitoring context, process, and participant response. This study applies implementation quality standards to 57 Spanish parenting and family support programmes identified in the COST European Family Support Network project, using an ten-component evaluation sheet sheet. Descriptive analyses showed a good implementation level. The latent profile analysis identified four patterns defined by programme setting: profile 1, Social Services/NGO setting (21.1%), profile 2, Health setting (31.6%), profile 3, Multi-setting (14%), and profile 4, Educational setting (33.3%), differing in professional discipline, training, participant response, and professional perception of implementation. Profile memberships were related to programme outcomes, scaling up, and sustainability. Findings illustrate conceptual and practical challenges that researchers and professionals usually encounter during implementation, and the efforts required to deliver programmes effectively in real-world settings in Spain.

Recent experience demonstrates that substantial progress in reducing homelessness is possible if resources are directed towards evidence-based, housing-focused solutions. However, the homeless assistance systems in most countries are not adequately resourced to assist persons experiencing “crisis homelessness,” who account for the majority of the homeless population. Thus, we present a policy proposal for leveraging an expansion of Critical Time Intervention (CTI), an evidence-based behavioral health intervention, as a scalable solution for crisis homelessness. We draw on the specific policy context of the United States in proposing the use of funds from Medicaid, the public health insurance program for low-income individuals, to finance such an expansion, but argue our broader policy proposal has salience internationally as well. In presenting our proposal, we discuss why it represents a sound and feasible policy idea, focusing on the alignment between CTI and a promising new programmatic approach known as rapid rehousing. We describe the potential benefits of enacting this proposal and conclude with discussing the United States-specific and more general challenges that would need to be addressed to implement it, including the need for additional resources to cover the costs of the temporary financial assistance component of rapid re-housing.

El brote de COVID-19 se encuentra en pleno desarrollo a escala global, y apenas se ha iniciado la colocación de vacunas en algunos países. Es importante evaluar las posibles complicaciones de esta enfermedad, tal como la lesión renal aguda (LRA) que se asocia con alta tasa de mortalidad. La presente revisión sistematizada pretende cuantificar la incidencia de LRA por COVID-19 desde diciembre de 2019 hasta diciembre de 2020. Método: se realizó la búsqueda de serie de casos y estudios de cohortes en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, BVS y Science Direct, publicados entre diciembre de 2019 y diciembre de 2020. Se incluyeron estudios de pacientes mayores de 18 años, que presentaron LRA durante el periodo de enfermedad. Resultados: la incidencia de LRA en 17 cohortes de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19, mayores de 18 años fue de 35,1%. Nueve de estos estudios presentaron un desglose de la gravedad de la LRA según los estadios CKIDGO, resultando que el 43,47% estaba en estadio 1, el 21,05% estaba en estadio 2 y el 35,48% estaba en estadio 3. Conclusiones: la lesión renal aguda es una complicación frecuente en la enfermedad por COVID-19, pues presenta una incidencia importante que se incrementa con el estado de severidad del paciente. Se considera necesario el estudio de estas y otras complicaciones para guiar el manejo clínico y la disposición de los tratamientos con el fin de prevenir mayor morbimortalidad. Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak is in full swing on a global scale, and the introduction of vaccines has only just begun in some countries. It is important to evaluate the possible complications of this disease, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with a high mortality rate. This systematic review aims to quantify the incidence of AKI by COVID-19 from december 2019 to december 2020. Method: a search of case series and cohort studies was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, BVS and Science Direct databases, published between december 2019 and december 2020. They were included studies of patients with COVID-19, older than 18 years, who have presented acute kidney injury during the period of illness. Results: the incidence of AKI in 17 cohorts of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, older than 18 years was 35.1%. Nine of these studies presented a breakdown of AKI severity according to CKIDGO stages, resulting in 43.47% being stage 1, 21.05% stage 2, and 35.48% stage 3. Conclusions: acute kidney injury is a frequent complication in COVID-19 disease, as it has a significant incidence that increases with the severity of the patient. The study of these and other complications is considered necessary to guide clinical management and the provision of treatments in order to prevent greater morbidity and mortality.

El artículo revisa la historia reciente de lo que fuera el Bosque Nacional Alexander von Humboldt, sometido a presión antrópica desde hace más de un siglo. La creación del bosque en el año 1965 coincide con las primeras leyes forestales de 1963. El objetivo principal es analizar los efectos de las actividades económicas y su relación con la pérdida de cobertura boscosa. La finalidad es comprender la relación directa entre los flujos migratorios asociados a las demandas políticas y de las actividades económicas y el uso del suelo. Se revisan las dinámicas espaciales, económicas y sociales. Además, se analiza la deforestación desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar que incluye, el análisis de los cambios políticos (marco normativo forestal, creación de ejes viales), la evolución demográfica que de esta se deriva y la consiguiente deforestación del bosque mediante el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica. A partir de este análisis se propone un modelo futuro de deforestación que implica un Cambio y Uso de Suelo.

Parental promotion of an adequate environment during early childhood results in healthy child development. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of the positive parenting programme, `Gaining health and wellbeing from birth to three´ (GH&W), as a universal prevention strategy. Participants were 87 parents with children < 36 months old attending 20 primary care centres. Centres were randomly assigned to three GH&W intervention levels: online course (level 1), online course plus group workshops (level 2), and online course plus group workshops plus individual support at medical check-ups (level 3), delivered by healthcare professionals. As for feasibility, participants in levels 2 and 3 reported higher utility and satisfaction with the online course than participants in level 1. Pretest-posttest comparisons and cluster analysis showed that participants in level 3 achieved the best results and were associated with a consolidated cluster characterised by improvements in health promotion activities, parental self-regulation, and satisfaction with the service, whereas participants in levels 1 and 2 showed fewer improvements and were associated with initial and transitional clusters. The GH&W programme improves the universal reach of web-based courses and efficiently activates the contribution of the primary care system to the support network for healthy child development and wellbeing.

Objective: The TackSHS project aims to comprehensively elucidate the impact that exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) from cigarettes and second-hand aerosols (SHA) from electronic cigarettes have on the respiratory health of the European population according to socioeconomic characteristics and other determinants. Method: The TackSHS project involves a series of coordinated studies carried out by 11 academic and public health organisations from six European countries. The project will investigate: a) the determinants of SHS and SHA exposure assessed at the individual level (surveys on representative general population samples) and in common environments (environmental sampling in specific settings); b) the overall disease burden, mortality and morbidity attributable to such exposure; and c) its economic impact in terms of direct health care costs. The project will also examine specific acute respiratory health changes in healthy individuals and patients with respiratory diseases exposed to SHS and SHA. In addition, the project will examine the effectiveness of a novel intervention to reduce SHS exposure in households where smoking is permitted. All these studies are inter-related and involve collaborative coordination among the participant organisations. Conclusion: The comprehensive, integrated approach of the TackSHS project will enable a significant step forward from the current status quo in the understanding of the impact of SHS and SHA exposure on health and provide the basis for health policy recommendations to help European countries to further reduce the harm caused by SHS and SHA exposure. Resumen: Objetivo: El proyecto TackSHS pretende caracterizar el impacto global de la exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco (HAT) y al aerosol de los cigarrillos electrónicos (ACE) en la salud respiratoria de la población europea según variables socioeconómicas y otros determinantes. Método: El proyecto TackSHS consiste en una serie de estudios coordinados y gestionados por 11 organizaciones académicas y de salud pública de seis países europeos. El proyecto estudiará: a) los determinantes de la exposición al HAT y al ACE a nivel individual (encuestas en muestras representativas de la población general) y en espacios comunes (muestras ambientales en lugares específicos); b) su carga general de enfermedad y la morbimortalidad atribuible a tal exposición; y c) su impacto económico en términos de costes sanitarios directos e indirectos. Además, el proyecto investigará cambios específicos a corto plazo en la salud respiratoria en personas sanas y en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias expuestos al HAT y al ACE. También examinará la efectividad de una intervención novedosa para reducir la exposición al HAT en hogares donde se permite fumar. Todos estos estudios están interrelacionados y conllevan una coordinación colaborativa entre las instituciones participantes. Conclusión: El enfoque integral del proyecto TackSHS permitirá un avance significativo en la evidencia sobre la comprensión del impacto de la exposición al HAT y al ACE en la salud, y proporcionará una base para desarrollar recomendaciones políticas sanitarias para ayudar a los países europeos a reducir los daños causados por la exposición al HAT y al ACE. Keywords: Second-hand smoke, Passive smoking, Electronic cigarette, Electronic nicotine delivery systems, Aerosols, Second-hand aerosols, Respiratory health, Burden of disease, Economic impact, Palabras clave: Humo ambiental del tabaco, Tabaquismo pasivo, Cigarrillos electrónicos, Sistemas electrónicos de administración de nicotina, Exposición al aerosol, Salud respiratoria, Carga de enfermedad, Impacto económico

En El curioso impertinente, novela intercalada del Quijote, Miguel de Cervantes se acerca al tema del adulterio a través de un marido que convence a un amigo para seducir a su mujer. Este artículo compara el uso de detalles jurídicos por parte del autor creativo con los comentarios y castigos legales encontrados en un manuscrito de la época para un marido alcahuete de su mujer.

Despite holding an enduring place in the modern cultural imagination, the six wives of Henry VIII (r. 1509–1547) remain, in some respects, shadowy figures. This is especially true with regards to their births and childhoods. Controversy surrounds the dates of birth for Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Katherine Howard, and Katherine Parr. Historians have debated extensively the most plausible years in which these four queens may have been born. This article offers a re-assessment of the dates of birth of these four English queens consort by drawing on a wide range of primary evidence, including chronicles, religious treatises, wills, ambassadors’ reports, letters, and portraiture, analysed within the context of sixteenth-century attitudes to marriage, the life cycle, and sexuality. Its conclusions are also informed by an awareness of Henry VIII’s profound concerns about the continuation of the Tudor dynasty, and how this affected his marital selections in 1527, 1536, 1540, and 1543.

The use of drug-eluting stents (DES) for the treatment of coronary artery stenosis substantially reduced the need for repeat revascularization compared to bare-metal stents.1 However, as many patients undergoing stenting have long life expectancy, and the incidence rate of stent failure increases with time since implantation, the number of patients presenting with DES restenosis is not insignificant and the treatment of these patients remains a challenge.2 Current clinical practice guidelines recommend treatment of restenosis associated with angina or ischemia by repeat revascularization with either repeat stenting with DES or angioplasty with drug coated balloon (DCB).3 Certain situations favour repeat stenting with DES, most notably loss of mechanical integrity of the restenosed stent. In general, however, although repeat stenting with DES may be more effective than angioplasty with DCB in the short-to-medium-term,4 avoidance of additional stent layers is an important consideration in the longer-term. Indeed, many centres prefer DCB angioplasty as a first-line approach for the treatment of restenosis in the absence of a compelling indication for repeat stenting. The efficacy of DCB treatment relies on rapid transfer and subsequent tissue retention of the anti-proliferative agent, which is necessary for a persistent suppression of cell proliferation.5 Preclinical data suggest that micro-injuries to the...

El uso de stents farmacoactivos (SFA) para el tratamiento de la estenosis de las arterias coronarias ha reducido notablemente la ne- cesidad de repetir la revascularización con respecto al uso de stents metálicos1. No obstante, como muchos pacientes portadores de un implante de stent tienen una esperanza de vida larga y la tasa de incidencia del fracaso del stent aumenta con el paso del tiempo desde el implante de este, el número de pacientes con reestenosis del SFA no es ni mucho menos despreciable y el tratamiento de estos pacientes sigue siendo todo un desafío2. Las actuales guías de práctica clínica recomiendan tratar la reestenosis asociada a la angina o a la isquemia repitiendo la revascularización implantando un nuevo SFA o mediante una angioplastia con balón liberador de fármaco (BLF)3. Determinadas situaciones provocan que deba repetirse el implante del SFA, ante todo, la pérdida de integridad mecánica del stent reestenosado. Por lo general, no obstante, aunque repetir el implante del SFA puede resultar más efectivo que la angioplastia con BLF a corto y medio plazo4, evitar implantar capas adicionales de stents es una consideración importante a largo plazo. De hecho, muchos centros optan por realizar angioplastias con BLF como abordaje de...

Este estudio analiza en qué medida está alterada la evaluación subjetiva del llanto infantil en las madres con negligencia severa, y la posible influencia de la alexitimia en dicha alteración. Participaron 24 madres negligentes y 22 madres controles que evaluaron caras de niños/as y caras adultas (de llanto y neutras) según su valencia y la respuesta de aproximación que éstas elicitan. Los resultados indican que ambos grupos evalúan las caras infantiles como más agradables y con mayor respuesta de aproximación que las caras adultas. Se obtuvieron dos tipos de sesgos: 1) una valoración menos agradable de las caras neutras, similar a la del llanto, en los niveles altos de aleximitia característicos de las madres negligentes; y 2) una mayor respuesta de aproximación ante el llanto en las madres negligentes que no se explica por sus altos niveles de alexitimia, ya que éstos generan menos respuesta de aproximación. La resolución de estas disonancias debe ser un objetivo terapéutico de primer orden para avanzar en la promoción de sus capacidades y favorecer la preservación o la reunificación familiar.

This study examines the impact of the Building My Future program's implementation variables on attendance rate and on changes in personal, problem-solving, and community competencies. The program is run by local Social Services from Castile and Leon, Spain, and offers opportunities for adolescents to propose and carry out youth-led activities in their community. Data were accumulated from 356 participants, the majority experiencing negative psychosocial conditions, attending a total of 32 groups from 2013 to 2016. Using binary logistic regression and hierarchical linear regression analyses, results showed that having a facilitator with less professional experience, attending larger groups, having a high level of family involvement, and performing fewer modules and fewer extra activities predicted higher attendance rates and more positive task orientation, self-concept, social realization, and problem-solving competencies. Being younger, from an urban area, and having a facilitator with less professional experience predicted a higher score in community integration. These findings reveal that several program implementation components can contribute to the program's development and effectiveness and can also be considered across multiple programs in this field of practice.

A propósito del libro Environmental Law Across Cultures. Comparisons for Legal Practice. Earthscan from Routledge, Junker, Kirk W. (Ed.), 2020

¿Cómo se relaciona la política nacional de competitividad con la sostenibilidad ambiental en el Perú? ¿Se ha cumplido con las recomendaciones de la OCDE para el desempeño ambiental del Perú en el tema de economía y ambiente? ¿Cómo puede revertirse la deforestación de la Amazonia según la opinión de expertos y los ex ministros del Ambiente? Estas son las preguntas que trata de responder este artículo, señalando también áreas de posible investigación académica futura.

A base de un estudio léxico y temático de la “Novela y coloquio que pasó entre Cipión y Berganza” de Miguel de Cervantes, y de su relación con la documentación jesuítica de la época, se propone leer el Coloquio como adaptación del modelo de examen de conciencia de la Compañía de Jesús.

Some conservationists assert that multiple-use protected areas can accommodate competing claims for resource use, including extraction (e.g. mining and fisheries) and in-situ use (e.g. ecotourism). This is despite a growing number of studies showing how communities struggling with poverty, isolation, economic stagnation and environmental degradation experience limited benefits from ecotourism. This paper examines opposing claims over resource use (mining and ecotourism) in a World Heritage site in El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. It explores the idea that institutional processes can dis-incentivize both income generation from ecotourism and conservation if inequitable access to resources is not remedied. The article illustrates how ecotourism's contribution to socio-economic development of local communities can be circumscribed by: (1) the historical patterns of resource use; (2) misdirected interventions by state actors; (3) duplicitous actions of multi-national corporations, and (4) opaque governance processes with limited accountability. Findings support arguments that the capacity of ecotourism to reduce inequitable access to resources is limited and highlight why ecotourism cannot substitute for genuine institutional reform in protected area designation and management. Key words: ecotourism, participation, El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve, Mexico, neoliberal conservation, sustainable development, equity

Following the study presenting the Online Parental Support Scale, as part of the evaluation of the ‘Positive Parent’ online program (http://educarenpositivo.es), this article describes the validation of a new scale that evaluates the principles of positive parenting in users of face-to-face and online parenting support programs. To validate the Positive Parenting Scale (PPS), 323 Spanish and Latin American parents participated, who were enrolled in the online program. To obtain the factor structure, we used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) with oblimin rotation, and for confirmatory purposes we used as the estimation method the Weighted Least Squares Mean and Variance Adjusted with moving measurement window (WLSMW. We also performed a ROC analysis of rating and continuous diagnostic test results by means of area under the curve (AUC), and tested it by multivariate analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). The main results showed an optimal factorization of the construct involving a four-factor model with adequate reliability: family involvement, affection and recognition, communication and stress management, and shared activities. Furthermore, discriminative capacity of the scale was proved depending on the levels of Internet experience and educational use of the Internet. The scale shows adequate psychometric properties and its content includes the key aspects of the exercise of positive parenting, which is very useful to evaluate the effectiveness of programs based on this approach.

The "Learning together, growing with family" programme is targeted to at-risk parents and children from 6 to 11 years old, with a preventive focus on promoting positive parent-child relationships. In this study, we examined the quality of the programme implementation and its influence on the programme results in a sample of 425 parents and 138 facilitators drawn from the first trial. Mixed methods were used, consisting of: parental self-reports on parenting dimensions, professionals´ records on parental attendance and appraisals on six topics of the implementation process, and focus group discussions in which facilitators reported on the initial steps of the implementation. Results showed a high quality of implementation with respect to the group facilitator and the programme organization factors, followed by the coordination with services and the support facilities offered to participants and, finally, by the factors of fidelity and prior organization steps. Results of the focus groups confirmed that the prior steps were challenging and offered the more effective strategies. Better quality in the implementation factors predicted better parenting styles and parental competencies after the programme, as well as a higher attendance rate. In sum, this study demonstrates the importance of good implementation in at-risk contexts and provides some clues as to the key elements that moderate programme effectiveness.

Este artículo describe la validación de una escala para evaluar el apoyo social online que perciben los usuarios de recursos web en español para padres y madres. Responde así a la necesidad de crear un instrumento específico que permita captar la complejidad de este nuevo constructo. Para la validación de la Escala de Apoyo Parental Online (EAPO) se contó con 301 padres y madres españoles y latinoamericanos, que se matricularon en el programa online 'Educar en Positivo' (http://educarenpositivo.es), quedando registradas automáticamente las respuestas al cuestionario en una base de datos al comienzo de su participación. La estructura factorial se obtuvo a través de la técnica de modelo de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorio (MESE) con rotación oblimin y el método de estimación de ponderación de mínimos cuadrados ajustado por la media y la varianza (WLSMW) para su confirmación. Los resultados principales muestran una factorización óptima en el constructo de un modelo de cinco factores con una fiabilidad adecuada, que tratan de la participación en programas o recursos para obtener apoyo parental online, el intercambio de consejos con otros padres y con expertos en educación, la autoeficacia parental percibida, las habilidades de parentalidad positiva y el apoyo emocional. Los resultados sugieren que la escala captura adecuadamente las dimensiones hipotetizadas para el constructo de apoyo social online para el fomento de la parentalidad positiva y muestra unas propiedades psicométricas adecuadas que lo hacen recomendable para su uso en el ámbito de los recursos web para padres y madres

Este artículo es el resultado de un estudio realizado en la ciudad de Palmira, Valle del Cauca, que mide la correlación entre la actitud de las personas frente a la seguridad y la vitalidad de los espacios públicos urbanos, desde los modelos vitales de ciudad propuestos por la arquitectura como alternativa a los modelos fortificados que promueven el encerramiento como única salida a la seguridad de los espacios públicos. Los hallazgos aquí consignados buscan incorporar la seguridad a los procesos de renovación urbana desde una perspectiva sostenible tal como lo ofrece el modelo vital de ciudad y aportar a la construcción de una línea de base que a futuro permita medir el impacto de estas renovaciones. Se aplicó principalmente la observación no intrusiva, para comprobar la hipótesis de que a mayor vitalidad en el lugar, mejor es la actitud frente a la seguridad. De esta manera se llegó a la conclusión que la tipología en culs-de-sacs (de callejón sin salida), que la densidad de personas por área, la limpieza y mantenimiento, los usos de zonas de transición, la visibilidad en los bordes y la ausencia de barreras físicas, al igual que la disminución de presencia policial, son las claves ambientales que mejoran la actitud frente a la seguridad de los espacios públicos urbanos en Palmira.

To measure the net benefit of a pharmacist-led medication review in acute public hospitals. To identify and measure the resources used when completing a pharmacist-led medication review, an observational study was conducted in an acute urban university teaching hospital. Health Information and Quality Authority guidelines were used to value resources used in a pharmacist-led medication review. Model inputs included demographic data, probability of adverse drug events associated with the pharmacist interventions, estimates of future discharges and cost data. The cost of a pharmacist-led medication review and savings generated from avoidance of adverse drug events were estimated and projected over a 5-year period, using hospital discharge rates taken from the hospital inpatient enquiry system and the census of population. Using the per-patient cost of a medication review, the annual cost of delivering a bi-weekly medication review is projected to vary between €6 m and €6.4 m over a 5-year period from 2017 to 2021. The per-patient net benefit of a bi-weekly medication review is €45.88. Therefore, the projected annual net benefit of a bi-weekly medication review is between €29.5 m and €31.2 m over the 5-year period of 2017 to 2021. Introducing a pharmacist-led medication review for each inpatient saves in the short and longer term. The results are consistent with previous findings. Substantial savings were estimated, regardless of variation in model parameters tested in sensitivity analysis.

Los muros de un teatro abandonado tras un incendio quedan contenidos por una nueva estructura de hormigón, para integrarse a un espacio interior destinado a la representación y el espectáculo.

Work permits have been at the centre of the policy debate on the hosting of Syrian refugees in Jordan. This approach needs also to involve ensuring decent working conditions for all.

Este artículo examina el heterosexismo y la homofobia en dos novelas centroamericanas –Ruido de fondo (2006) y The Tattooed Soldier (1995)– trazando sus orígenes a la matriz colonial. El heterosexismo y la homofobia crecen de perspectivas sexistas de género impuestas sobre las sociedades indígenas centroamericanas. Antes de la llegada de Colón a las Américas en 1492, organizaciones jerárquicas de los humanos no existían en la región. Sin embargo, después de las conquistas militares españolas, las sociedades indígenas fueron forzadas a adoptar ideales españoles. Al poco tiempo, los españoles usurparon los sistemas legales y penales en Centroamérica y gobernaron la moralidad en la región. A través de su poder, los españoles empezaron a borrar la cultura indígena y a cultivar normas jerárquicas, patriarcales y heterosexistas. Cuatro siglos después, estas normas son analizadas en dos novelas contemporáneas centroamericanas, Ruido de fondo y The Tattooed Soldier. Estas novelas demuestran cómo representaciones difamatorias de homosexuales y la vigilancia de la masculinidad en la sociedad Centroamericana perpetúan y legitiman la violencia y el odio contra los homosexuales.

The capacity of child-rights institutions and children’s services in many European countries needs to be strengthened considerably if governments are to meet their commitments to refugee and migrant children.

This study investigated: a) mothers´ use and satisfaction with informal and formal supports in at-risk psychosocial contexts, and b) the relationships between satisfaction with help and the mothers´ perception of their role (personal agency). Self-report data about the use and satisfaction with sources of help, and levels of internal control, self-efficacy, couple agreement, role difficulty and motivation for change were obtained from 519 mothers referred by Social Services and 519 non-referred mothers. Results indicated that at-risk mothers relied less upon close informal support and more on formal support than non atrisk mothers. They were also more satisfied with the formal sources of support and had lower levels of personal agency. There were beneficial effects of satisfaction with informal help and school support on several aspects of personal agency for both groups. However, satisfaction with school and social services support had a detrimental effect on couple agreement in the at-risk group. Implications of the results for providing social support to at-risk families are discussed.

Understanding the motives, expectations and preparedness of students is important for accounting educators, as they seek to develop learning environments that promote high quality learning outcomes. This paper examines these factors with a sample of entry level students on a Business and Management degree at a Spanish university. The study also explores the influence of these antecedent variables on academic performance in the first accounting module. The data were collected using a Spanish version of the MEPU questionnaire, which was developed by Byrne and Flood (2005 and 2007). The analysis revealed that students are motivated by a combination of intrinsic and vocationally-oriented factors and feel well prepared for higher education. Interest in accounting, experience of the subject at school, academic self-confidence and university access scores were all significantly correlated with performance. Some interesting gender differences were identified and variation among regular and repeating students was also examined.La comprensión de los motivaciones, expectativas y preparación de los estudiantes es un aspecto de gran relevancia para el profesorado de contabilidad, en la medida en que es un conocimiento clave para lograr entornos de aprendizaje que promuevan resultados de aprendizaje de calidad. Este trabajo estudia estos factores en una muestra de estudiantes de nuevo ingreso de la Licenciatura en ADE. Como segunda cuestión, aborda la relación entre estas variables antecedentes y el rendimiento académico en contabilidad. El instrumento usado es la adaptación al español de cuestionario MEPU (Byrne y Flood (2006 y 2007). Los resultados indican que los estudiantes están motivados por una combinación de motivos intrínsecos y vocacionales y presentan un nivel alto de confianza en cuanto a su preparación para la educación superior. El interés en el área contable, la experiencia previa con las materias de contabilidad en secundaria la auto-confianza académica y las medidas de rendimiento previo (nota de acceso) son variables significativamente correlacionadas con el rendimiento académico en contabilidad. Los resultados indican, asimismo, que existen diferencias significativas asociadas al sexo y entre alumnos de nuevo ingreso y alumnos repetidores.

El presente trabajo propone un formato para la realización de periódicos escolares que contribuya con la formación de los estudiantes. Con el periódico escolar (PE) se consolidan áreas de conocimiento, se formulan y reciben críticas, y se afianza el diálogo. Esta práctica afecta la forma de enseñar, debido a que el esfuerzo educativo se orienta a enfatizar el “aprender a aprender”. El periódico es un puente que interrelaciona a la comunidad escolar con la escuela, para que contribuya a mejorar las competencias para actuar en la sociedad mundializada. El objetivo es crear un formato para que en la escuela se estudie y cuente con una plataforma comunicacional que ayude a integrarla con la comunidad. Se investigó bajo un diseño cualitativo de carácter descriptivo. Tras la recolección de datos en las escuelas, se concluye que el formato del PE propicia el acceso a ese espacio, para que la escuela lo elabore y afiance esa innovación educativa como un espacio de ayuda a la enseñanza.