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A maior disponibilidade de crédito tem o potencial efeito de fomentar o consumo em uma economia, pelo menos a curto e médio prazos. No caso do transporte aéreo, pode estimular os parcelamentos de passagens aéreas, atraindo os gastos de extratos de consumidores de renda mais baixa, além de alavancar um número maior de viagens por parte do público tradicional. Adicionalmente, as empresas e corporações nacionais, com capital de giro potencialmente maior, em teoria podem dispender mais em viagens corporativas. O presente trabalho desenvolve uma modelagem empírica para testar o impacto na demanda por transporte aéreo da maior concessão de crédito na economia brasileira do final dos anos 2000. Utilizando dados estatísticos obtidos junto à Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil, montou-se um painel de dados com pares de cidades brasileiras para estimar um modelo econométrico de demanda por viagens aéreas, utilizando um estimador de variáveis instrumentais. Com esse modelo, testou-se diretamente a hipótese de efeito da disponibilidade de crédito na economia local como um dos fatores explicativos da demanda da aviação comercial brasileira no período.

This article aim show the inaction in public policy to combat COVID-19 in Brazil, making the country the second in the number of cases and second in the number of deaths in the world. This situation is due to a political choice from Federal Government that marked the decision-making process of public policies to combat COVID-19. The problem is situated in Federal Governament, and this statement is supported by the conceptual hypothesis of Inaction Policy that will be demonstrated by the analytical narrative throughout the text

ABSTRACT: Since colonial times, Brazilian land use has been made under an extractivist model at the expense of deforestation, increasing soil and vegetation depletion, stream siltation, as well as loss of biodiversity. An ecological-economic zoning (EEZ) has been taken as feasible alternative to guide public policies aimed at city land-use planning. This study focused on designing an EZZ for the city of Altinópolis, in São Paulo state (Brazil), by means of geographical information systems (GIS). Information and maps delineated six land-use areas, in which 30% covered areas under environmental protection, 45% over areas with groundwater recharge potential, which should be intended to restoration. Furthermore, around 70% of the territory show potential to be grown with agroforestry systems due to soil, climate and relief conditions. These results point out demand for further public policies to encouraging preservation of existing forests and restoration of degraded areas, mainly those covering groundwater-recharge areas.

We used the Schumacher-Eschmeyer method for closed populations to estimate and compare the population size of adults of Aeglapaulensis, from Jaraguá State Park (São Paulo, Brazil), in two periods of the year with contrasting climatic conditions (late winter and late summer). The calculated density of adult individuals was considerably higher in the summer (11.5 ind m-2) than in the winter (6.7 ind m-2). This density difference of adult individuals was attributed to variation in the population structure of coexisting cohorts of adults at each sampling season of the year, due to dissimilarities in the cumulative abundance of recruits that effectively become adults after puberty molt, and difference in longevity between sexes.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a influência do teor de água nos valores da força máxima de compressão para uma deformação fixa (2 mm) e do módulo proporcional de deformidade de grãos de soja submetidos à compressão em diferentes posições. Foram utilizados grãos com teores de água variando de 0,58 a 0,093 (b.s.), comprimidos uniaxialmente entre duas placas paralelas, na direção de suas três dimensões principais, sob velocidade de compressão de 0,001 m s-1. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a força de compressão e o módulo proporcional de deformidade diminuem com o aumento do teor de água. Além disso, os grãos de soja apresentam maior resistência à compressão quando submetidos a esforços na posição de repouso (P1), apresentando valores semelhantes da força de compressão e do módulo proporcional de deformidade quando comprimidos nas posições P2 (sobre o hilo) e P3 (na vertical).This work aimed to determine the effect of the soybean grain moisture content in the maximum compression force values for a fixed deformation (2 mm) and the proportional deformity modulus under different compression positions. Soybean grains varying from 0.58 to 0.093 (d.b.) of moisture content were compressed uniaxialy between two parallel plates towards its three main dimensions under compression speed of 0.001 m s-1. According to the results it was concluded that the compression force and the proportional deformity modulus decrease with the increasing of the moisture content. Also the soybean grains presented higher resistance to its compression when submitted to the repose position (P1) and presented similar compression force and proportional deformity modulus values when compressed in the position P2 (on the hilum) and P3 (in the vertical).

Several works demonstrated the importance of the study of natural products as an alternative source for new antimicrobial drugs or for modulators for these ones. In this point, the aim of this was to investigate the antibacterial activity and the possible interactions between the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus alone and in association with aminoglycosides against standard and clinically isolated strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria such as S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa by microdilution method. The results indicated a synergism between the antibiotics and the essential oil with a subinhibitory concentration (MIC/8), reducing the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) sixteen times against the multidrug-resistant strains of S. aureus 358, E. coli 27 and P. aeruginosa 143, but none modulatory activity was observed against P. aeruginosa 78 and P. aeruginosa 91 strains. By our results, can be concluded that the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus can be an interesting source of natural products with antibacterial and/or modulatory antibiotic activitieAVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIBACTERIANA E MODULADORA DE AMINOGLICOSÍDEOS DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) STAPF Vários trabalhos vêm demonstrando a importância do estudo de produtos naturais como fonte alternativa para novos antimicrobianos ou que venham potencializar os já existentes. Neste contexto este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a atividade antibacteriana e as possíveis interações entre o óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus combinados a aminoglicosídeos frente a linhagens padrões e multirresistentes de S. aureus, E. coli e de P. aeruginosa provenientes de isolados clínicos. Um ensaio de microdiluição foi realizado para verificar a atividade antibacteriana e as possíveis interacções entre o produto natural e os antibióticos, utilizando uma concentração sub-inibitória. Através dos resultados foi constatado a interferência sinérgica dos aminoglicosídeos quando associados com o óleo essencial em uma concentração de CIM/8, com redução das CIMs em até quatro pontos frente às linhagens de S. aureus 358, E. coli 27 e P. aeruginosa-143. Mas nenhuma atividade modificadora foi observada frente a P. aeruginosa 78 e P. aeruginosa 91. Através dos resultados pode-se concluir que o óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus pode ser uma fonte alternativa de produtos naturais com atividade antibacteriana. Vários trabalhos vêm demonstrando a importância do estudo de produtos naturais como fonte alternativa para novos antimicrobianos ou que venham potencializar os já existentes. Neste contexto este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a atividade antibacteriana e as possíveis interações entre o óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus combinados a aminoglicosídeos frente a linhagens padrões e multirresistentes de S. aureus, E. coli e de P. aeruginosa provenientes de isolados clínicos. Um ensaio de microdiluição foi realizado para verificar a atividade antibacteriana e as possíveis interacções entre o produto natural e os antibióticos, utilizando uma concentração sub-inibitória. Através dos resultados foi constatado a interferência sinérgica dos aminoglicosídeos quando associados com o óleo essencial em uma concentração de CIM/8, com redução das CIMs em até quatro pontos frente às linhagens de S. aureus 358, E. coli 27 e P. aeruginosa-143. Mas nenhuma atividade modificadora foi observada frente a P. aeruginosa 78 e P. aeruginosa 91. Através dos resultados pode-se concluir que o óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus pode ser uma fonte alternativa de produtos naturais com atividade antibacteriana.

O duplo-produto é preditor indireto do consumo de oxigênio miocárdico, consistindo em parâmetro de risco cardiovascular no exercício. O estudo observou freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sístólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) e duplo-produto (DP), durante exercícios dinâmicos contra-resistência (EC) e aeróbio de intensidade moderada (EA), em 18 indivíduos (idade= 23±6anos) aparentemente saudáveis. Realizaram-se testes de força com 1RM, 6RM e 20RM (cadeira extensora) e um aeróbio submáximo (cicloergômetro. 20 min a 75-80% da FC de reserva). As medidas para EC foram registradas entre as duas últimas repetições. Para EA. anotaram-se as variáveis no 5o, 1Cº. 15° e 20° min. Compararam-se as respostas de FC, PAS, PAD e DP por meio de ANOVA de uma entrada, seguida de verificação post-hoc de Scheffé (p

Abstract This article analyzes the factors that affect local governments’ decision-making processes on whether to engage in cooperative agreements through intermunicipal consortia. Several studies have examined this issue in Western developed countries, but there is a gap in the literature regarding the phenomenon in the developing world. The research addresses this gap and observes the Brazilian local governments’ policies on waste services, focusing on cooperative agreements such as interlocal consortia. These arrangements may be a solution to the political and managerial challenges of providing public services in many areas, including waste collection, treatment, and disposal. However, it is still unclear what factors influence municipalities in their decision to cooperate. Based on cross-sectional research exploring 963 Brazilian municipalities and on the perspective of Institutional Collective Action, this study identified characteristics of communities, transaction characteristics of goods, and the structure of policy networks that influence the local governments in their decision to work cooperatively. The findings shed light on the field of public policies, particularly those carried out through intermunicipal consortia.

Alzheimer's dementia leads to a progressive decline in the individual's cognitive capacity, interfering with activities of daily living. Applying cognitive stimuli in the early stages can add value to slowing cognitive decline. In this process, can the use of digital technologies help to avoid the use of medication and delay the institutionalization of Alzheimer's patients? Therefore, the general aim of this article was to identify their perceptions of the use of digital technologies in the cognitive stimulation of Alzheimer's patients with formal careers. To this end, an action research methodology was applied, researching the state-of-the-art digital technologies that could be used in Alzheimer's disease from the perspective of formal careers. Sixty-two formal careers participated in this study, 74.2% of whom were female and the rest (25.8%) male. All those interviewed can identify signs of Alzheimer's dementia in patients. Regarding working with digital technologies with Alzheimer's dementia patients, a large percentage of the interviewees (73.6 percent) replied that they only use them sometimes, and 26.4 percent said they never use them. The data suggest that there is still resistance or a lack of confidence in the use of digital technologies on the part of formal careers working with patients with Alzheimer's dementia. However, even if they have never received specific training in this area, especially in cognitive stimulation, we can admit this is understandable.

O trabalho analisa o processo de governança pública do carnaval de modo comparado em Salvador (BA) e no Recife (PE). Com base no conceito de Ostrom (1990) sobre common pool resources, desenvolveu-se a análise de governança pública, tendo como objeto de análise a atuação dos respectivos conselhos municipais do carnaval nas duas cidades – o Conselho Municipal do Carnaval e Outras Festas Populares (Comcar), em Salvador, e o Conselho Municipal de Política Cultural (CMPC), no Recife, no ano de 2019. Utilizou-se no trabalho pesquisa documental, com a apreciação das atas de reunião do Comcar e do CMPC, assim como os documentos legais e regimentos internos ligados aos dois conselhos. Os resultados mostram aderência relativa aos conceitos de governança de Ostrom (1990), e na análise comparada existem semelhanças e diferenças da governança pública do carnaval nas duas cidades.

For this work, a hydroalcoholic extract was prepared from the aerial parts of the Malvaviscus arboreus (Malvaceae) species, popularly known as hibisco-colibri in Brazil; and then, investigated by infrared and NMR spectroscopy. A class of special metabolites containing a porphyrin skeleton and pyrrole units was determined by typical absorption spectra, mainly 1H and 13C NMR, thus indicating the capability of showing anti-corrosion effect. Therefore, the M. arboreus extract was examined as a corrosion inhibitor for AISI 1020 carbon steel in H2SO4 1 mol L-1, using a mass loss (gravimetric) technique. Results showed good corrosion inhibition efficiency, at both time and temperature variation. The maximum efficiency observed at 500 ppm was 97.5%, at 3 h, 24 h and 48 h. The surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), through which a higher homogeneity was observed in the presence of the M. arboreus extract. The hydroalcoholic extract of hibisco-colibri can be considered an efficient green agent for preventing corrosion.

Introduction and Objectives: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score improves the accuracy of risk stratification for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events compared with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We evaluated the interaction of coronary atherosclerotic burden as determined by the CAC score with the prognostic benefit of lipid-lowering therapies in the primary prevention setting., Methods: We reviewed the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for studies including individuals without a previous ASCVD event who underwent CAC score assessment and for whom lipid-lowering therapy status stratified by CAC values was available. The primary outcome was ASCVD. The pooled effect of lipid-lowering therapy on outcomes stratified by CAC groups (0, 1-100,> 100) was evaluated using a random effects model., Results: Five studies (1 randomized, 2 prospective cohort, 2 retrospective) were included encompassing 35 640 individuals (female 38.1%) with a median age of 62.2 [range, 49.6-68.9] years, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 128 (114-146) mg/dL, and follow-up of 4.3 (2.3-11.1) years. ASCVD occurrence increased steadily across growing CAC strata, both in patients with and without lipid-lowering therapy. Comparing patients with (34.9%) and without (65.1%) treatment exposure, lipid-lowering therapy was associated with reduced occurrence of ASCVD in patients with CAC> 100 (OR, 0.70; 95%CI, 0.53-0.92), but not in patients with CAC 1-100 or CAC 0. Results were consistent when only adjusted data were pooled., Conclusions: Among individuals without a previous ASCVD, a CAC score> 100 identifies individuals most likely to benefit from lipid-lowering therapy, while undetectable CAC suggests no treatment benefit., (Copyright © 2021 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)