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Context: Breast cancer therapy currently presents several uncomfortable side effects in patients, including effects on non-malignant tissues, recurrence, and resistance, which restrict their utilization. Consequently, researchers have directed their attention toward studying plant-derived anticancer compounds that exhibit high efficacy and safety profiles. Eugenol, a major component found in clove plants, demonstrates promising potential as a therapeutic agent for both estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Aims: To predict the target of eugenol in estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer using network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses. Methods: Network pharmacology analysis was performed using the Chemical Toxigenomic Database, STITCH, GeneCards, Cytoscape, Enrichr, and Stringdb. Subsequently, molecular docking was performed using protein targets obtained from the RCSB-PDB and analyzed using AutoDock software. Results: Network pharmacology study and molecular docking revealed the anticancer effect of eugenol against breast cancer estrogen receptor–positive, especially in cancer and apoptotic pathways, by acting on caspase-3 (CASP3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) signaling pathways. The docking results between the protein targets and eugenol showed that eugenol has the strongest binding with CASP3 (ligand binding energy: -5.78 kcal/mol), followed by eugenol binding with EGFR (ligand binding energy: -5.58 kcal/mol), and eugenol binding with PARP1 (ligand binding energy: -5.58 kcal/mol). Conclusions: Eugenol is a potential candidate for breast cancer therapy, especially for apoptosis mediated by CASP3 in breast cancer luminal A.

Objetivo: el cáncer de seno en hombres es un diagnóstico subestimado y el tratamiento de elección es la mastectomía. Se han descrito diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas, entre ellas: la cirugía conservadora de mama en comparación con mastectomía simple, sin embargo, aún se desconoce la efectividad real de estas técnicas frente a la menor cantidad de complicaciones. Así que se pretendió evaluar sistemáticamente la literatura científica sobre la efectividad de estas 2 técnicas. Metodología: revisión sistemática de la literatura hasta noviembre del 2022, donde se siguió la metodología Prisma de Cochrane. Se evaluó la mejor evidencia disponible sobre la efectividad de la cirugía conservadora de mama al compararla con la mastectomía tradicional. Otros desenlaces evaluados fueron la sobrevida global y sobrevida libre de enfermedad. Resultados: de 1054 estudios iniciales, 7 cumplieron criterios para su selección y análisis. Ambas técnicas mostraron efectividad adecuada. En cuanto supervivencia libre de enfermedad, tanto a 5 como a 10 años, y supervivencia global no hubo significancia estadística entre las 2 técnicas quirúrgicas. Se evidenciaron más desenlaces negativos cosméticos y funcionales en la mastectomía. Conclusiones: la cirugía conservadora de mama es una opción que se debe considerar en hombres con cáncer de mama, ya que (respecto a supervivencia libre de enfermedad y supervivencia global) no hay diferencia estadística frente a la mastectomía y puede tener mejores desenlaces cosméticos. El papel de la radioterapia adyuvante es tema de nuevos estudios adicionales.

Context: Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is a well-known plant in the tropical islands, especially in North Sumatra, Indonesia, because of its sweet and refreshing taste. Although the fruit is often used as a syrup and sweetener, the efficacy of P. edulis fruit seed extract for anticancer activity has not been widely studied. Aims: To evaluate the ability of P. edulis fruit seed extract to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HSC-2, HSC-3, MCF-7, and HaCaT cell lines. Methods: P. edulis fruit seed extract was extracted by using 96% ethanol. The cytotoxicity activity was measured by using an MTT assay for 48 hours. Apoptosis was examined using a TUNEL assay, and the morphology of the apoptosis bodies was analyzed using electron microscopy. Results: The IC50 values of P. edulis fruit seed extract were 572.79 µg/mL and 439.54 µg/mL for HSC-3 and MCF-7, respectively. The seed did not show cytotoxic activity on the HSC-2 cell line, but it induced proliferation of the HaCaT cell line in the maximum dose. The P. edulis fruit seed extract induced apoptosis activity in HSC-3, MCF-7, and HaCaT cell lines. Most DNA fragments were found in the cytosol of HSC-3 cells and the nucleus of MCF-7 cells. Conclusions: The P. edulis fruit seed extract has cytotoxicity and apoptosis activities in oral cancer (HSC-3 cells) and breast cancer (MCF-7 cells), as well as being safe in normal human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line). The P. edulis fruit seed extract can be considered an adjuvant agent in cancer treatment.

Introduction Breast cancer survivors often experience pre and post-treatment physical and psychological symptoms, negatively affecting their quality of life. Regular physical exercise is associated with better quality of life and lower recurrence of cancer, and therefore all oncological patients are recommended to practice it in a regular basis. Despite this, breast cancer survivors have low adherence to physical exercise. The purpose of this study is to identify barriers, facilitators and preferences of Chilean breast cancer survivors to practice physical exercise. Methods Phenomenological qualitative study of 12 in-depth interviews with adjuvant radiation therapy concluded at least three months ago. Results Breast cancer survivors ignored the benefits of physical exercise during and after treatment. The barriers were physical symptoms, psychological barriers, sociocultural barriers, health system barriers, disinformation and sedentary lifestyle. Facilitators were coping with physical symoptoms, psychological issues, having information and active lifestyle. The preferences were painless and familiar exercises. Preferred exercise was walking. Conclusions Breast cancer survivors may adhere to physical exercise despite barriers when certain facilitators are present, which may be promoted by the health team when reporting the benefits of the physical exercise, prescribing personalized, safe and painless physical exercise and educating both patient and her family about the role of the physical exercise in cancer recovering process.

Abstract Objective Based on the premise that the diagnosis of a genetic mutation related to breast cancer causes emotional distress for the patient and their family members, a systematic literature review was conducted to clarify this relationship commonly observed in oncologic clinical practice. Method In total, 18 articles confirmed through bias analysis were reviewed. The articles were retrieved from the PubMed, Cochrane Wiley, SciELO, and APA-PsycInfo databases. Results These studies confirmed the hypothesis that a positive result in the genetic test triggers significant distress for both the patient and their family members, although each individual reacts in a unique way. The researchers recommend that the diagnosis should not be considered the sole factor for the studied outcome. It should be related to personal or family history of illness, previous experiences, and previous mental health. Conclusion We conclude, by a slight tendency, to include qualitative studies as a way to evaluate experiences in a more in-depth manner.

Breast cancer is the most common neoplasma affecting women. Over, the past few years, the incidence of breast cancer has significantly increased, including among young women. Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) Her2 negative (HER2-) early stage breast cancer can be successfully treated using the currently available treatment methods based on endocrine theraphy (ET). However, if we consider early stage breast cancer with high risk of recurrence or metastatic disease, endocrine therapy alone may be insufficient. Unfortunately, resistance to drugs is observed in both adjuvant and palliative endocrine therapy, therefore there is a need for new treatments that are both effective and less toxic than conventional chemotherapy. One of the most successful applications of this strategy has been the use of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 inhibitors alongside endocrine therapy significantly enhance its effectiveness. This combination has been shown to substantially increase progression-free survival while maintaining relatively low levels of toxicity. One of them is abemaciclib, whose efficacy will be shown in this research work.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to validate the content of a guidance guide on self-care in the postoperative period of breast surgery for breast cancer. Methods: a methodological study with content validity, carried out with 15 expert nurses and physiotherapists, between May and July 2022. Recruitment took place from the Lattes Platform, using snowball sampling. The level of relevance and representativeness for each item was verified using the Content Validity Index (CVI). It was considered valid when CVI was equal to or greater than 78% (0.78). Results: from the initial total of 37 items, two were excluded, as they had insufficient practical relevance and theoretical relevance, and another five items which, although presenting a CVI lower than the established cut-off, were suggested to be rewritten and grouped with other similar items. Conclusions: thirty items were considered valid and demonstrated important and significant characteristics, constituting suitable material for application in clinical practice.

Objective. We aimed to study the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) versus other anti-HER2 therapies in HER2+ breast cancer (BC). Materials and Methods. We performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our study focused on patients undergoing treatment for unresectable locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) or metastatic breast cancer (mBC), which included regimens involving trastuzumab and taxanes. Additionally, we considered cases within the first 6 months of treatment for HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC). Results. A total of 23 RCTs and 41 reports were included in our analysis. LABC and mBC showed no statistically significant difference in any of the comparisons of T-DM1 versus the other anti-HER2+ therapies. When assessing progression-free survival (PFS), trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd) and PyroCap demonstrated greater efficacy compared to other treatments (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 3.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.75-4.63 and HR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.35-2.44; respectively), while T-DM1 alone exhibited superior effectiveness compared to LapCap (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.55-0.77), TrasCap (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.46-0.91), LapCapCitu (HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.33-1.10), Nera (HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.39-0.77), and Cap (HR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.28-0.49). Conclusions. NMA allows a ranking based on the comparative efficacy and safety among the interventions available. Although superior to other schemes, T-DM1 showed a lower efficacy performance in PFS and overall response rate and a trend towards worse overall survival than T-DXd.

Resumen: Introducción: Conocer y satisfacer las necesidades de pacientes (P) con cáncer de mama (CM) permite mejorar su calidad de vida y adherencia a tratamientos. Este estudio buscó identificar las necesidades de P con CM desde las perspectivas de tres agentes: ellos mismos, sus cuidadores (CU) y el personal de salud (PDS). Tras determinar esas necesidades desarrollamos y difundimos videos educativos para el PDS y evaluamos el impacto en la satisfacción del cuidado en salud de dicha intervención. Métodos: El estudio incluyó un centro académico (CA) y un hospital público (HP). Los datos se obtuvieron de entrevistas, focus group y encuestas autocompletadas. Se realizó un análisis de contenidos con el software Nvivo. Tras determinar las necesidades percibidas por los sujetos de estudio (P, CU, PDS) y debido a las restricciones impuestas debido al COVID19 se optó por presentar videos educativos al PDS describiendo las necesidades identificadas y su manejo. Se aplicaron encuestas de satisfacción antes (etapa I) y después de dicha intervención (etapa II). Resultados: Inicialmente, 22 participantes fueron entrevistados (7 P, 5 CU y 10 PDS). Identificamos 3 necesidades principales: 1) relacionadas con los cuidados de salud, 2) temas financieros y 3) apoyo social. En base a estas necesidades elaboramos y difundimos videos educativos para el PDS. El análisis de encuestas de satisfacción aplicadas antes (n = 93) y después (n = 71) de la intervención educativa reveló altos niveles de satisfacción, con la excepción de tópicos relacionados a las comodidades de la infraestructura y la atención psicológica en ambos centros (CA y HP). En la encuesta aplicada en la etapa II, aparecieron otras necesidades mayoritariamente relacionadas con nutrición e infraestructura. Conclusiones: Este estudio es la primera evaluación en Chile, simultánea, de necesidades de P con CM desde la perspectiva de ellos, sus CU y PDS. Todos los participantes indicaron que la información y el apoyo social/financiero son las necesidades más relevantes. Abstract: Introduction: Knowing and satisfying the needs of breast cancer (BC) patients (P) and their caregivers (CG) during treatment can help to improve their quality of life. This study assessed the needs of BC-P, their CG and health professionals (HP) and their perception before and after an intervention aiming to improve healthcare. Methods. The study included an academic center (AC) and a public hospital (PH). Data were obtained from interviews, focus groups and self-completed surveys. A content analysis was performed using Nvivo software. Due to COVID19 restrictions, educational videos were delivered to HPs describing the identified needs. Finally, satisfaction surveys were applied to P and CG, before and after this intervention. Results: A total of 22 participants were interviewed (7P, 5CG and 10HP). Three main needs were identified: 1) Healthcare related needs, 2) Financial issues and 3) Social support. Subsequently, a satisfaction survey was applied to users (stage I; n = 93) and the identified needs were used to design an intervention that consisted of educational videos directed towards HP. Following the intervention a second survey was applied (stage II; n = 71). Both surveys revealed high levels of satisfaction among users. Following the second survey, we noticed the emergence of other needs, mainly related to nutrition and the improvement of facilities. Conclusions: This is the first study in Chile assessing BC-P needs from the perspective of P, their CG and HP. All participants indicated that information and social/financial support were the most relevant needs.

Context: Breast cancer expresses high levels of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α). Aims: To investigate the potential anticancer activity of nanoliposome Hedyotis corymbosa in breast cancer cells by specifically targeting the ER-α through a combination of in silico and in vitro studies. Methods: This study used molecular docking to analyze the interaction between ER-α and active compounds from H. corymbosa. In vitro studies, the H. corymbosa extract was converted into nanoliposomes. The nanoliposomes' characteristics were examined, combined with tamoxifen, and applied to breast cancer cell cultures. Viability, proliferation, and ER-α expression were assessed, and statistical analysis was performed (p

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of unknown etiology. It is classified as multicentric because of multisystem involvement. The disease predominantly affects the skin and joints, but visceral involvement is possible. Multiple erythematous-brownish, pruritic nodules and papules on the face, hands, neck, and trunk are characteristic. It is associated with autoimmune diseases, or malignant neoplasms are seen in 20% to 30% of patients with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. The diagnosis is based on histopathology of affected tissues. As it is an underreported disease, there is no standardized treatment. A case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is reported as a paraneoplastic manifestation of ductal breast cancer, being successfully treated with no recurrence after two years of follow-up. Few cases of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis associated with breast cancer have been reported in the literature.

Individuals with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations face significantly heightened likelihood of developing breast and ovarian cancers. Besides some lifestyle recommendations, like maintaining physical activity, healthy BMI, possibly early parenthood and breastfeeding, the management of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers includes gene mutation early-detection, screening, risk-reducing surgeries, and chemoprevention. Various prevention strategies exist, all aimed at monitoring patients and mitigating the cancer risks. However, even with the existence of national and international guidelines to direct prevention efforts, there is no ideal protocol that would be universally applicable for all individuals with mutated BRCA gene. This article aims to delve into the currently available surveillance and preventive strategies and explore the potential future avenues for early detection and risk reduction in BRCA mutation carriers.

We describe results of the design process of the content of the SMS messages to promote mammography. We conducted four online focus groups with women aged 50 or more (n=14). We used participatory techniques to debate the advantages and disadvantages of different options for the five structural elements of the SMS message. Our results showed that women argued that the opening line should provide clear information about the topic of the SMS message. SMS messages should include the woman’s name, information about who and how to get a mammogram and use a health institution as a sender. The closing line should encourage women to get a mammogram. A personalized SMS could be a good way of inviting women to perform the mammography. The content must be carefully designed to provide clear information about how to schedule an appointment.

Objective: This study aims to characterize the breast cancer (BC) patient journey in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, through the perspectives of the High Complexity Oncology Assistance Centers (CACONs) and High Complexity Oncology Assistance Units (UNACONs). Methods: Conducted between March and May 2023 across 17 RS Oncology public healthcare services, the cross-sectional study utilized a 54-question questionnaire administered to healthcare professionals. The survey covered various aspects, including diagnosis, treatment, funding, and multidisciplinary teamwork. Results: Descriptive analysis revealed that BC patients undergo screening tests upon treatment entry (88.2%), with immunohistochemistry commonly performed externally (64.7%) and PCR often requested (82.4%) for adjuvant therapy initiation, taking an average of 90 to 250 days for all procedures. Patients encounter challenges such as lengthy hospital stays, extensive travel to treatment centers, treatment side effects, and high transportation expenses, often leading to treatment discontinuation. The most time-consuming stage is treatment, with subcutaneous infusion proving more time-efficient than intravenous administration. Physical limitations, mobility issues, late diagnosis (90-day average), and limited access to care significantly impact patients' quality of life. Healthcare teams face difficulties with outdated guidelines, lack of intravenous treatment facilities, and extended administration durations. Institutions confront barriers like drug shortages, guideline disparities, and logistical challenges. Conclusion: The study concludes by emphasizing the identified hurdles in BC patients' public healthcare journey, underscoring the need to address delays in screening, resource constraints, and disparities in access to care based on geographical, socioeconomic, and racial/ethnic factors to enhance overall quality of care and equity within the system.

Introduction Ashwagandha, a traditional Indian plant, is gaining increasive attention from scientists worldwide due to its potential health benefits, especially in the context of its antibacterial and anticancer properties. Aim of the study The aim of this review was to discuss recent findings regarding the impact of Withania Somnifera on antibacterial effect and its potential applications in anticancer therapy. Materials and methods: The paper was created based on the Pubmed and Google Scholar database. The literature was reviewed using the keywards: ,,Ashwagandha”, ,,Withania Somnifera”, ,,antibacterial ”, ,,anticancer”, ,,side effects”, ,,breats cancer”. Results Studies have confirmed Withania Somnifera, exhibits significant anticacterial and anticancer effects. It inhibits the growth of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Futhermore, it demonstrates anticancer activity, especially in breast cancer, by stimulating apoptosis, induction of cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells and increasing cell sensitivity to radiation. Conclusion Despite promising results, futher research on the benefits of Ashwagandha, particulary in the long term, is essential. There is growing need of more research of the potencial benefits of Ashwagandha in the treatment of various disorders including cancer and bacterial infections and to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. The need for large randomized studies comparing long term clinical effectiveness is emphasized

Introduction and purpose: Breast cancer poses a significant global health challenge, especially in Poland, where it is the most prevalent cancer among women. Despite advancements in medical technology, individual awareness and proactive health practices, such as Breast Self-Examination (BSE), are crucial for early detection. This study focuses on BSE practices in the Tarnów district of Poland, a small city facing unique healthcare challenges, to understand the prevalence, knowledge, and attitudes toward BSE. The aim of study was to comprehensively investigate BSE practices among women in the Tarnów district, considering socio-demographic factors. Material and Methods: Anonymous questionnaires assessed socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes toward BSE, frequency of BSE performance, knowledge on BSE, and sources of information. The survey involved 100 Polish women in gynecologist and general practitioner offices in Tarnów County. Results were analyzed in relation to age, education, and place of residence. Results: While 90% of women were familiar with BSE, 10% had never heard of it. While 29% performed BSE monthly, 18% never conducted the examination. Knowledge gaps were identified, particularly regarding optimal BSE practices. Information sources included the Internet (44%) and gynecologists (28%). Notably, 65% expressed a willingness to participate in BSE training. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into BSE practices among women in the Tarnów district, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to encourage regular BSE. Knowledge gaps and the willingness of women to participate in training present opportunities for healthcare initiatives. The study also highlights the need for broader health education campaigns to dispel myths and enhance awareness, particularly regarding breast cancer affecting both genders. Limitations include a small sample size and geographic specificity to Tarnów district.

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the world. Its occurrence is mainly influenced by environmental factors, and to a lesser extent by genetic factors. The gold standard in diagnosis is mammography, but special attention should be paid to the need to educate women at an increasingly younger age in the field of breast self-examination. Treatment for breast cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy.

Introduction: Women with BRCA1/2 (mBRCA) mutation have an increased risk of developing breast (BC) and ovarian (OC) cancer. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BOS) is associated with an 80% risk reduction for OC and 50% for BC. The recommended age for this procedure is 35 to 40 years. The consequence is premature menopause, which hurts the quality of life due to the presence of climacteric symptoms, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and a higher risk of cognitive impairment. Hormone therapy (HTM) is the most effective treatment for preventing these symptoms. State of the art: Different studies have shown an increased risk of BC in postmenopausal women receiving HTM, particularly with combined therapy, estrogen + progesterone (E+P). According to the meta-analysis by Marchetti et al., in women carrying mBRCA who received HTM, there was no difference in the risk of BC compared to E alone with E+P. In the Kostopoulos study, there was also a possible protective effect in those who used E alone. Another study in healthy carriers showed that in women younger than 45 years at the time of BOS, HTM did not affect BC rates. However, in women older than 45 years, BC rates were higher. As the E+P scheme is associated with a higher RR of BC, the doses of progestogens should be limited, choosing natural progesterone byproducts of intermittent use to decrease systemic exposure. According to various international guidelines, healthy mBRCA carriers undergoing BOS should be offered HTM until the average age of menopause. Conclusion: premature menopause decreases life expectancy, which is why one of the tools to improve and prevent deterioration of quality of life is THM. Short-term use of MHT appears safe for women with mBRCA who undergo BOS before age 45 as it does not counteract the reduction in the risk of MC obtained by surgery.