20 results on '"BILE ACIDS"'
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2. FundéuRAE: 'más conocido como', preferable to 'mejor conocido como'
- Published
- 2024
3. How to lower high cholesterol naturally and without medication
- Published
- 2024
4. The dynamics of abnormalities of the biochemical composition of bile under the influence of two-hour tourniquet limb ischemia and acute blood loss in the experiment
- Author
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I. I. Horban and A. A. Hudyma
- Subjects
blood loss ,tourniquet ,ischemia ,reperfusion ,bile acids ,choleterol ,Education ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction. Traumatism is one of the most current problems nowadays. Its increase is caused by the escalation in number of emergencies. In recent years the proliferation of frequency of terrorist attacks and local armed conflicts has been observed. Under those circumstances, the acute blood loss is considered to be the leading cause of injured people’s death. An effective way of stopping a massive external haemorrhage from the limbs is applying the tourniquet which entirely ceases arterial blood flow. It is deemed that safe duration of tourniquet application is two hours. Individual authors’ researches indicate the negative impact of post-tourniquet reperfusion on body. However, influence of the acute blood loss, which is complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion, on the internal organs is insufficiently studied. Objective of research: to establish peculiarities of the functional state of the liver under impact of two-hour tourniquet limb ischemia and acute blood loss in the experiment. Materials of the research and their discussion. The experiments were conducted on 96 non-linear male rats weighing 200-220g. All animals were divided into four groups: control and three experimental ones. Injuries were inflicted under thiopental l- sodium anesthesia. In the first experimental group, the limb ischemia-reperfusion injury was performed on animals by a method of applying a band of an elastic tourniquet SWAT-T. (USA), the width of 10 mm, proximally to the rat’s left paw for 120 minutes. Acute blood loss (20% of circulating blood volume) was performed by severing a femoral vein in the second experimental group. In the third experimental group, these lesions were combined. The control group included the animals, which were injected into anesthesia and subsequently were used for investigations in an hour. An hour and two hours later, as well as in 1, 7 and 14 days, the functional state of the liver was determined in experimental animals through collecting the bile within an hour with a further determination of the total bile acids concentration, the cholesterol and calculation of the cholate-cholesterol coefficient. Result of the research and their discussion. It was established that the two-hour exsanguination of the limb in the reperfusion period can negatively affect the functional state of the liver with a maximum of abnormalities after 3 hours. In comparison with the control group, the content of total bile acids in the bile appreciably decreased and the cholate-cholesterol coefficient increased. Under the circumstances of the acute bleeding, the abnormalities were significantly greater. The reduction in the content of the total bile acids in bile and the cholate-cholesterol ratio was perceived at all periods of the observation as well as the increase in the content of the cholesterol after 1 and 7 days of the experiment, which indicate the dysfunctions in process of the bile acids synthesis from cholesterol and the amplification in lithogenic characteristics of bile. For the first time, it was shown that the combination of acute blood loss and limb ischemia-reperfusion exacerbated the dysfunction of functional state of the liver. Besides, a greater decrease in the content of total bile acids in bile, particularly in 3 hours, in 1 and 14 days of experiment, a significant increase in cholesterol content and a reduction in cholate-cholesterol coefficient after three hours of reperfusion period were observed. Consequently, the two-hour tourniquet application in the condition of the acute blood loss in the amount of 20% of circulating blood volume aggravates the liver dysfunction in comparison to each of the effects in particular. This should be taken into consideration while assisting injured and affected people with acute blood loss from limbs, who were being applied with tourniquet. Our results aim at searching for efficacious tools of counteracting the impact of limb ischemia-reperfusion in conditions of acute blood loss. Conclusions. The complication of acute blood loss by limb ischemia-reperfusion is accompanied by a summation of their negative impact on the functional state of the liver with a maximum value after 3 h - 1 day of the experiment. Under these circumstances, in 3 hours, 1 and 14 days the content of total bile acids in bile is statistically probably lower compared to the experimental group in which the acute blood loss was solely performed. The increase in the content of the cholesterol in bile is observed as well as the reduction in cholesterol ratio that are statistically substantial after 3 hours of the experiment.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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5. Ability of chicken protein hydrolysate to lower serum cholesterol through its bile acid binding activity
- Author
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Pei-Ting Wu, Yie-Qie Lau, Fan-Jhen Dai, Jia-Ting Lin, Hung-Yuan Kao, and Chi-Fai Chau
- Subjects
chicken breast meat ,chicken hydrolysate ,enzymatic hydrolysis ,cholesterol-lowering ,bile acids ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
In this study, chicken breast meat was hydrolyzed enzymatically to obtain chicken meat hydrolysate with its molecular weight to a large extent (98%) less than 3000 Da. The hydrolysate was capable of binding bile acids dose-dependently. The potential hypolipidemic effect of this hydrolysate was evaluated in high-fat-fed hamsters. Total free amino acids in the hydrolysate were seven times higher than those in the chicken meat. As compared with high-fat control, the inclusion of hydrolysate resulted in decreased concentrations of serum TG (by 16–34%) and TC (by 6–20%). The animals fed hydrolysate at a high dose exhibited 30% lower serum LDL-C levels and maintained a higher ratio of HDL-C/LDL-C (0.54) than those fed casein (0.36). Moreover, higher levels of hydrolysate inclusion were associated with increased outputs of fecal bile acid and total lipid, suggesting an association between hypocholesterolemic potential and bile acid binding capacity of the chicken hydrolysate.
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- 2020
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6. Which vegetable lowers cholesterol fast?
- Published
- 2023
7. The nut that helps lower blood cholesterol naturally
- Published
- 2023
8. Clinical characteristics and genetic profiles of young and adult patients with cholestatic liver disease
- Author
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Huynh, Minh-Tuan, Nguyen, Truong-Tam, Grison, Sophie, Lascols, Olivier, Fernandez, Eric, and Barbu, Veronique
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- 2019
- Full Text
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9. Análisis químico y evaluación de la actividad bactericida y antioxidante de ácidos biliares presentes en la bilis de Ganado Bovino (Bos taurus) del Departamento de Córdoba
- Author
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Camargo Pereira, Cristian Javier, Guzman Terán, Camilo Antonio, and Montaño Castañeda, Mary Cecilia
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Actividad bactericida ,Ácidos biliares ,Antioxidant activity ,Bovines ,Actividad antioxidante ,Bactericidal activity ,Bovinos ,Bile acids - Abstract
La ganadería bovina es una de las actividades más importante en Colombia y especialmente en el departamento de Córdoba, desde el punto de vista económico, social y cultura, y representa una de las principales fuentes de suministro de alimentos. En el desarrollo de esta actividad se generan varios subproductos, como la bilis, que no presentan una disposición final adecuada y que además podrían ser aprovechados. La bilis está compuesta por diversas sustancias, donde se destacan los ácidos biliares, que han despertado interés debido a sus importantes propiedades biológicas y farmacológicas. En este trabajo de investigación, se extrajeron los ácidos biliares presentes en la bilis del ganado (Bos taurus), la cual fue suministrada por FRIGOCER-EXPOCOL S.A.S (Cereté – Córdoba), para su identificación química fueron derivatizados como sus ésteres metílicos y analizados mediante Cromatografía de Gases acoplada a Espectrometría de Masas (CG-EM). Adicionalmente, a los ácidos biliares extraídos se le evaluó su actividad bactericida frente a Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomona aeruginosa por el método de microdilución, empleando concentraciones entre 4000 μg/mL – 250 μg/mL. El potencial antioxidante fue evaluado frente al radical DPPH a una concentración de 100 μg/mL. Los resultados mostraron la presencia de 3 ácidos biliares mayoritarios, los ácidos cólicos, ácido desoxicólico y ácido 7alfa-hidroxi-3-oxo-colan-24-oico, representando más del 50% de la mezcla total de estos ácidos. La inhibición del crecimiento bacteriano se alcanzó en su totalidad con los dos microorganismos evaluados, aún a la concentración más baja utilizada (250 μg/mL). La actividad antioxidante de los ácidos biliares frente al radical DPPH fue muy baja, presentándose un porcentaje de inhibición de 8.9% a la concentración utilizada. Los ácidos biliares son agentes con pocos reportes sobre el estudio químico y el potencial bactericida y antioxidante en nuestro territorito, con este estudio se pretende dar una mejor disposición final a los subproductos del sacrificio del ganado bovino generado en nuestro departamento, y abrir la puerta a futuras investigaciones sobre el aprovechamiento de estos productos considerados de desecho 1. Introducción..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 2. Objetivos............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 2.1. Objetivo General........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 2.2. Objetivos Específicos ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 3. Marco Teórico.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 3.1. Actividad Ganadera en el Mundo..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 3.2. Sector Ganadero en Colombia........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 3.2.1. Actividad ganadera en departamento de Córdoba......................................................................................................................................................................................................8 3.3. Generalidades del Ganado Bovino (Bos taurus).................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 3.4. Bilis de Ganado Vacuno....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 3.4.1. Ácidos biliares........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12 3.4.2. Metabolismo de los Ácidos Biliares.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14 3.5. Funciones Fisiológicas de los Ácidos Biliares......................................................................................................................................................................................................................15 3.6. Actividad Antioxidante.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16 3.7. Actividad Antimicrobiana ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................17 4. Materiales y Metodología.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19 4.1. Etapa de Muestreo.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19 4.1.1. Área de recolección............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19 4.1.2. Recolección de material biológico........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20 4.2. Etapa de Laboratorio .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20 4.2.1. Materiales, Reactivos y equipos...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20 4.2.2. Extracción de ácidos biliares......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................21 4.2.3. Obtención de ésteres metílicos de ácidos biliares.....................................................................................................................................................................................................23 4.2.4. Caracterización química..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................23 4.2.5. Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................24 4.2.5.1. Método de radical DPPH• (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil)............................................................................................................................................................................................24 4.2.6. Evaluación de la actividad bactericida...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................25 4.2.6.1. Método por microdilución.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................26 4.3. Análisis Estadístico..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................26 5. Resultados y Discusión de Resultados......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................27 5.1. Obtención de los Extractos de Ácidos Biliares...................................................................................................................................................................................................................27 5.2. Análisis Químico....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................29 5.2.1. Pruebas químicas preliminares................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................29 5.2.2. Elucidación estructural de los compuestos mayoritarios presentes la mezcla de ácidos biliares.............................................................................................31 5.2.2.1. Identificación de compuestos mayoritarios obtenidos del extracto de bilis bovina por el método de extracción por solvente.......................31 5.2.2.2. Identificación de compuestos mayoritarios obtenidos del extracto de bilis bovina por el método de extracción por SPE...............................37 5.3. Evaluación de la Actividad Antioxidante..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................43 5.4. Evaluación de la Actividad Bactericida.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44 6. Conclusiones...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................47 7. Bibliografía....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................48 8. Anexos..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................57 Pregrado Químico(a) Trabajos de Investigación y/o Extensión
- Published
- 2023
10. The role of the gallbladder in humans
- Author
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J.L. Turumin, V.A. Shanturov, and H.E. Turumina
- Subjects
Gallbladder ,Absorption ,Cholesterol ,Bile acids ,Enterohepatic circulation ,Lipoproteins ,Gallstones ,Cholecystectomy ,Cancer ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
The basic function of the gallbladder in humans is one of protection. The accumulation of the primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) in the gallbladder reduces the formation of the secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid), thus diminishing their concentration in the so-called gallbladder-independent enterohepatic circulation and protecting the liver, the stomach mucosa, the gallbladder, and the colon from their toxic hydrophobic effects. The presence or absence of the gallbladder in mammals is a determining factor in the synthesis of hydrophobic or hydrophilic bile acids. Because the gallbladder contracts 5-20 min after food is in the stomach and the “gastric chyme” moves from the stomach to the duodenum 1-3 h later, the function of the gallbladder bile in digestion may be insignificant. The aim of this article was to provide a detailed review of the role of the gallbladder and the mechanisms related to bile formation in humans.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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11. Liver steatosis and steatohepatitis alter bile acid receptors in brain and induce neuroinflammation a contribution of circulating bile acids and blood-brain barrier
- Author
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Noemi Fiaschini, Mariateresa Mancuso, Mirella Tanori, Eleonora Colantoni, Roberta Vitali, Gianfranco Diretto, Laura Lorenzo Rebenaque, Laura Stronati, Anna Negroni, Producción Científica UCH 2022, and UCH. Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos
- Subjects
Bile acids - Receptors ,Ácidos biliares - Receptores ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Bile Acids and Salts ,Mice ,Intestines - Inflammation ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,Occludin ,Liver ,Animals ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,high-fat diet ,intestinal inflammation ,liver ,brain inflammation ,bile acid receptors ,bile acids ,blood brain barrier ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Encefalitis ,Hígado ,Organic Chemistry ,Endothelial Cells ,Brain ,General Medicine ,Computer Science Applications ,Blood-Brain Barrier ,Intestinos - Inflamación ,Neuroinflammatory Diseases ,Encephalitis - Abstract
Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la siguiente URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/22/14254 En este artículo de investigación también participan: Laura Stronati y Anna Negroni. Este artículo de investigación pertenece al número especial "State-of-the-Art Molecular Neurobiology in Italy". A tight relationship between gut-liver diseases and brain functions has recently emerged. Bile acid (BA) receptors, bacterial-derived molecules and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) play key roles in this association. This study was aimed to evaluate how non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) impact the BA receptors Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) expression in the brain and to correlate these effects with circulating BAs composition, BBB integrity and neuroinflammation. A mouse model of NAFLD was set up by a high-fat and sugar diet, and NASH was induced with the supplementation of dextran-sulfate-sodium (DSS) in drinking water. FXR, TGR5 and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) expression in the brain was detected by immunohistochemistry, while Zonula occludens (ZO)-1, Occludin and Plasmalemmal Vesicle Associated Protein-1 (PV-1) were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Biochemical analyses investigated serum BA composition, lipopolysaccharidebinding protein (LBP) and S100 protein (S100 ) levels. Results showed a down-regulation of FXR in NASH and an up-regulation of TGR5 and Iba-1 in the cortex and hippocampus in both treated groups as compared to the control group. The BA composition was altered in the serum of both treated groups, and LBP and S100 were significantly augmented in NASH. ZO-1 and Occludin were attenuated in the brain capillary endothelial cells of both treated groups versus the control group. We demonstrated that NAFLD and NASH provoke different grades of brain dysfunction, which are characterized by the altered expression of BA receptors, FXR and TGR5, and activation of microglia. These effects are somewhat promoted by a modification of circulating BAs composition and by an increase in LBP that concur to damage BBB, thus favoring neuroinflammation.
- Published
- 2022
12. A technique for extraction and Thin Layer Chromatography visualization of fecal bile acids applied to neotropical felid scats
- Author
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Ada Virginia Cazón Narvaez and Silvia Susana Sühring
- Subjects
Thin layer chromatography ,TLC ,bile acids ,felids ,scats ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Fecal bile acid patterns have been used successfully to identify scats. Neotropical felid scats are capable of this biochemical identification because they present low concentrations of plant pigments that would interfere in fecal bile acids detection. However, neotropical felid scats have poor quantities of bile acids, so we developed in this work a proper technique for their extraction, visualization and determination. Twenty eighth feces of seven different felid species, collected from Zoological and Wildlife Parks, were dried and pulverized. The procedure for analyzing feces is : Take one g of pulverized feces and shake for 3 hr at room temperature in 20 ml benzene : methanol; filter and evaporate to 5 ml. Spot on TLC plate and develop in toluene :acetic acid:water. Dry and visualize with anisaldehyde. Field collected scats could be identified by the bile acids pattern revealed by this specific technique and ,then, used as a source of information for distribution, density and food habits studies.Los patrones de ácidos biliares fecales han sido utilizados satisfactoriamente para identificar heces. Las heces de félidos neotropicales son propicias para ser identificadas bioquímicamente, ya que contienen baja concentración de pigmentos vegetales que pudieran interferir en la detección de ácidos biliares. Sin embargo los ácidos biliares se encuentran en bajas concentraciones en las heces, por lo cual desarrollamos en este trabajo una técnica apropiada para su extracción, visualización y determinación. Veintiocho heces de diferentes félidos recolectadas de Zoológicos y Estaciones de Fauna Silvestre fueron secadas y pulverizadas. El procedimiento para analizar las heces es : Tomar un gramo de feca pulverizada y agitar en 20 ml de benceno :metanol a temperatura ambiente durante 3 hr ; luego filtrar y evaporar hasta 5 ml. Sembrar en placa de TLC y desarrollar en tolueno :ác. acético :agua. Secar y revelar con anisaldehído. Las heces recolectadas en el campo podrían ser identificadas a través de los patrones de ácidos biliares evidenciados con esta técnica específica, y ser entonces utilizadas como fuente de información en estudios sobre distribución, densidad y hábito alimenticio.
- Published
- 1999
13. Lipasas como biocatalizadores en la síntesis de derivados de ácidos biliares, fenilacéticos sustituidos y glicirretínico
- Author
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Zígolo, María Antonela, Baldessari, Alicia, and Garcia Liñares, Guadalupe Eugenia
- Subjects
BIOCATALYSIS ,ACIDO GLICIRRETINICO ,MODELADO MOLECULAR ,Ciencias Químicas ,ÁCIDO GLICIRRETÍNICO ,ACIDOS BIBLIARES ,LIPASES ,BIOCATALISIS ,LIPASAS ,GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Química Orgánica ,ÁCIDOS FENILACÉTICOS SUSTITUÍDOS ,ÁCIDOS BILIARES ,ACIDOS FENILACETICOS SUSTITUIDOS ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.4 [https] ,MOLECULAR MODELING ,BILE ACIDS ,SUBSTITUTED PHENYLACETIC ACIDS ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,BIOCATÁLISIS - Abstract
En el presente trabajo de tesis se estudió la aplicación de enzimas aisladas en la transformación de ácidos de diversa naturaleza con potenciales aplicaciones farmacológicas. Primeramente, se estudió la actividad de varias lipasas comerciales y una proveniente de un agro-residuo en la preparación de derivados de ácidos biliares. Se obtuvieron veintitrés productos, de los cuales, catorce resultaron novedosos y dos de ellos presentaron potente actividad como inhibidores del crecimiento de Trypanosoma cruzi. Debido a la baja toxicidad de los ácidos biliares, estos productos pueden ser usados como drogas potenciales para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas. La aplicación de lipasas en reacciones de amidación de ácidos fenilacéticos sustituídos permitió la preparación de quince alcanolamidas, trece de las cuales resultaron novedosas. Se evaluaron diferentes caminos de síntesis, eligiendo la amidación directa a partir del ácido correspondiente como la estrategia más adecuada. Tres de los compuestos sintetizados fueron efectivos inhibidores del crecimiento del parásito protozario responsable de la leishmaniasis. Además, se describió la aplicación de lipasas comerciales y una lipasa heteróloga del hongo Rhizopus oryzae, en la preparación de derivados del ácido glicirretínico, triterpeno pentacíclico natural. Se obtuvieron seis derivados, cinco de los cuales fueron compuestos novedosos. Uno de los compuestos obtenidos, fue muy activo contra los virus del herpes, aún en cepas resistentes a los fármacos empleados actualmente. Finalmente, mediante estudios computacionales se profundizó en el conocimiento de interacciones moleculares importantes en reacciones enzimáticas de acetilación y amidación. Se demostró el comportamiento regioselectivo de la lipasa de Candida antarctica y las diferencias en reactividad observadas experimentalmente para los distintos nucleófilos y ácidos empleados como sustratos. In this work the use of isolated enzymes in the transformation of acids from various sources, showing pharmacological applications, was evaluated. Firstly, the activity of several commercial and non-commercial lipases was studied in the preparation of bile acid derivatives. Twenty-three products were obtained, out of which fourteen were new compounds and two of them showed a powerful activity as growth inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi. Due to the low toxicity of bile acids, these products can be used as drugs for the treatment of Chagas' disease. The application of lipases in amidation reactions of substituted phenylacetic acids allowed the preparation of fifteen alkanolamides, thirteen of which were new compounds. Different synthetic pathways were evaluated, choosing direct amidation from the corresponding acid as the most suitable way. Three of the enzyme-synthesized compounds were effective as growth inhibitors of the protozoan parasite responsible for leishmaniasis. The use of commercial lipases and a heterologous lipase from the fungus Rhizopus oryzae in the preparation of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives was also described. Six derivatives were obtained, five were new compounds. One of them was very active against the herpes virus, even in drug resistant strains. Finally, through computational studies the understanding of important molecular interactions in enzymatic acetylation and amidation was improved. It was possible to explain the regioselective behavior of Candida antarctica lipase and the differences in reactivity experimentally observed for various nucleophiles and acids. Fil: Zígolo, María Antonela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica; Argentina
- Published
- 2017
14. Isomerización fotosensibilizada de estilbenos en medios confinados
- Author
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Alcahuz Martín, Miguel
- Subjects
QUIMICA ORGANICA ,Photosensitivity ,Stilbene ,Fotosensibilizada ,QUIMICA ANALITICA ,Ácido biliar ,Estilbeno ,Máster Universitario en Química Orgánica Experimental e Industrial-Màster Universitari en Química Orgànica Experimental i Industrial ,Bile acids - Abstract
[EN] Photosensitized stilbene isomerization in different aggregates from bile acids, [ES] Isomerización de estilbenos fotosensibilizada en diferentes agregados de ácidos biliares
- Published
- 2017
15. Estudio de la regulación transcripcional de los transportadores hepatobiliares e identificación de los elementos de respuesta en el promotor del gen Organic solute transporter beta (SLC51B)
- Author
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Morante Palacios, Octavio
- Subjects
Molecular biology ,Hepatobiliary transporters ,Colestasis ,Response elements ,OSTb ,Factores de transcripción ,Hepatocito ,Nuclear receptors ,Organic solute transporter ,BIOQUIMICA Y BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR ,Regulation of gene expression ,Hepatocyte ,Transportadores hepatobiliares ,Transcripción ,Hepatología ,Cholestasis ,SLC51B ,Biología molecular ,Hepatology ,Ácidos biliares ,Hígado ,C/EBP ,Elementos de respuesta ,Bile acids ,Regulación de la expresión génica ,Liver ,Liver-enriched transcription factors ,Receptores nucleares ,Máster Universitario en Biotecnología Biomédica-Màster Universitari en Biotecnologia Biomèdica ,Transcription - Abstract
Bile acids are amphipathic molecules produced in hepatocytes from cholesterol that act as a detergent, contributing to the hepatobiliary secretion of endogenous and xenobiotic metabolites, as well as the intestinal absorption of lipids, hydrophobic vitamins and drugs. In addition, they are also signaling molecules and metabolic regulators. Given the delicate biological role of bile acids, their metabolism and transport are finely regulated. Therefore, the disruption of these processes is associated with liver cholestatic diseases, fatty liver disease, dyslipidemias, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. In the present work we focused on the regulation of transcription of a broad spectrum of human hepatobiliary canalicular transporters (BSEP, MRP2, ABCG5/ABCG8, MDR3, BCRP and MDR1) and basolateral / sinusoidal transporters (NTCP, MRP3, MRP4, OSTa/OSTb, OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OATP1A2), by nuclear receptors and liver-enriched transcription factors: PPARa, RXRa, CAR, LXRa, PXR, FOXA1, HNF4a, C/EBPa, C/EBPb, VDR and the coactivator PGC1a. For this purpose, we have performed overexpression experiments of these factors and their combinations in HepG2, using adenoviral vectors, followed by the quantification of the level of expression of the transporters, using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The limiting subunit (OSTb) of the heterodimeric transporter Organic solute transporter (OSTa/OSTb) is encoded by the SLC51B gene and has a fundamental function in the enterohepatic circulation since in enterocytes it is responsible for the secretion of bile acids to the portal circulation. It is also reported that it is expressed in hepatocytes where OSTb appears to play a protective role against bile acid toxicity. In cholestatic conditions, in which bile acid accumulation damage is occurring in hepatocytes, these transporters are induced as an alternative route of protection, transporting bile acids back into the blood through the basolateral membrane to allow excretion throughout the renal route. Interestingly, OSTa/OSTb is abundantly expressed in human liver, in contrast with rat or mouse liver. However, the mechanistic basis of this differential expression in human hepatocytes has not been investigated. Therefore, we have studied in greater detail the regulation of SLC51B, cloning its promoter and characterizing the binding areas of the different transcription factors, through luciferase reporter assays, with a special focus on C/EBPa and C/EBPb., Los ácidos biliares son moléculas anfipáticas producidas en los hepatocitos a partir del colesterol que actúan como detergentes, facilitando la secreción hepatobiliar de metabolitos endógenos y xenobióticos, así como la absorción intestinal de lípidos, vitaminas hidrofóbicas y fármacos. Además, también son moléculas de señalización y reguladores metabólicos. Dado el delicado rol biológico de los ácidos biliares, su metabolismo y transporte están finamente regulados. El desarreglo de estos procesos se asocia con enfermedades colestásicas hepáticas, hígado graso, dislipemias, diabetes, obesidad y enfermedades cardiovasculares.En el presente trabajo nos centramos en la regulación de la transcripción de un amplio espectro de transportadores hepatobiliares humanos, tanto basolaterales/sinusoidales (NTCP, MRP3, MRP4, OSTa/OSTb, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP1A2) como canaliculares (BSEP, MRP2, ABCG5/ABCG8, MDR3, BCRP y MDR1), como por parte de factores de transcripción de relevancia en el hígado: PPARa, RXRa, CAR, LXRa, PXR, FOXA1, HNF4a, C/EBPa, C/EBPb, VDR y el coactivador PGC1a. Para ello se han realizado experimentos de sobreexpresión de dichos factores, y combinaciones de los mismos, en HepG2 mediante el uso de vectores adenovirales, seguido de la cuantificación del nivel de expresión de los transportadores, utilizando PCR en tiempo real (RT-PCR). La subunidad limitante (OSTb) del transportador heterodimérico Organic solute transporter (OSTa/OSTb) está codificada por el gen SLC51B y tiene una función fundamental en la circulación enterohepática, ya que en los enterocitos es responsable de la secreción de los ácidos biliares, absorbidos en el intestino, a la circulación portal. Asimismo, está descrito que también se expresa en los hepatocitos donde OSTb juega un papel protector frente a la toxicidad de los ácidos biliares. En condiciones colestásicas, en las cuales se está produciendo un daño por acumulación de ácidos biliares en los hepatocitos, estos transportadores se inducen como vía alternativa de protección, transportando ácidos biliares de nuevo a la sangre a través de la membrana basolateral, para permitir la excreción por vía renal. Curiosamente, la expresión de OSTa/OSTb es abundante en hígado humano pero muy escasa en hígado de rata o ratón. Sin embargo, la base mecanística de esta expresión diferencial en hepatocitos humanos no ha sido investigada. Por ello, hemos estudiado con mayor detalle la regulación de SLC51B, clonando su promotor y caracterizando las zonas del mismo en las cuales se unen los diferentes factores de transcripción mediante ensayos reporteros, con un foco especial en C/EBPa y C/EBPb.
- Published
- 2017
16. Plant secondary metabolites and analogs with biological activity
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Fernández, Lucía Raquel and Palermo, Jorge Alejandro
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OXAZOLES ,TERPENOIDS ,PLANTAS SUPERIORES ,NEOLIGNANOS ,ACIDO ABIETICO ,MODIFICACIONES SINTETICAS ,ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY ,TERPENOIDES ,ACIDOS BILIARES ,HIGHER PLANTS ,NEOLIGNANS ,SECONDARY METABOLITES ,ABIETIC ACID ,ACTIVIDAD ANTIFUNGICA ,ACTIVIDAD ANTIFOULING ,ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE ,ANTIFOULING ACTIVITY ,BILE ACIDS ,METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS ABUNDANTES ,ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ,HYALIS ARGENTEA VAR. LATISQUAMA ,SYNTHETIC MODIFICATIONS - Abstract
En el presente trabajo de Tesis se describe el aislamiento, elucidaciónestructural y actividad biológica de los metabolitos secundarios presentes en losextractos etanólicos de dos especies nativas: Cordia americana (L.) Gottschling & J. S. Mill e Hyalis argentea D. Don ex Hook & Arn var. latisquama Cabrera. Tambiénse detalla la obtención de derivados semisintéticos a partir de productos naturalesabundantes. Cordia americana (L.) Gottschling & J. S. Mill es un árbol madereroampliamente distribuido en el norte argentino. A partir de la corteza de este árbol seaislaron seis neolignanos nuevos que poseen en su estructura un particular biciclo [2.2.2] octeno, muy poco común en otros productos naturales. Se investigó laactividad antifúngica, antibiótica y antioxidante de dichos compuestos. A partir del extracto etanólico del arbusto costero Hyalis argentea D. Don ex Hook & Arn var. latisquama se aislaron e identificaron veintiséis terpenoides y unacumarina. Cuatro de estos compuestos son nuevos. Tanto los extractos crudos de laspartes aéreas y rizomas, como los compuestos puros fueron ensayados frente a loshongos patógenos Candida albicans y Cryptococcus neoformans. Además, unaalícuota del extracto polar de las partes aéreas fue incluida en pinturas de matrizsoluble, a fin de evaluar su capacidad antifouling en ensayos de campo realizados enel Puerto de Mar del Plata. Con la intención de adicionar residuos que tuvieran actividad antifoulingreconocida, se obtuvieron diez derivados a partir del ácido abiético, uno de losmayores constituyentes de la resina colofonia. Cuatro de estos compuestos sereportan por primera vez. Con el mismo objetivo, se adicionó un residuo oxazólico a ácidos biliaresobteniéndose siete derivados nuevos. También se sintetizó el oxazol que se utilizópara modificar a los ácidos biliares. Tanto este compuesto, como los derivados de losácidos biliares y los ácidos biliares de partida fueron utilizados en ensayos deactividad antifúngica frente a Candida albicans. Además, algunos de los derivadosfueron incorporados en pinturas antifouling. Palabras clave: plantas superiores, metabolitos secundarios abundantes, Cordiaamericana, neolignanos, Hyalis argentea var. latisquama, terpenoides, ácido abiético,ácidos biliares, modificaciones sintéticas, oxazoles, actividad antifúngica, actividadantifouling, actividad antioxidante. In this thesis is described the isolation, structural elucidation and biologicalactivity of secondary metabolites present in the extracts of Cordia americana (L.) Gottschling & JS Mill and Hyalis argentea D. Don ex Hook & Arn var. latisquama. The synthesis of derivatives from accessible natural products that can be obtained inlarge quantities is also detailed. Cordia americana (L. ) Gottschling & JS Mill is a timber tree widely distributedin northern Argentina. Six new neolignans with a particular [2.2.2] octene bicycliccore, rarely found in other natural products were isolated from the bark. Thenantifungal, antibiotic and antioxidant activities of the six neolignans were assayed. The aerial parts and rhizomes of the coastal bush Hyalis argentea D. Don ex Hook & Arn var. latisquama were studied separatedly. Twenty six terpenoids and acoumarin were isolated. Four of these compounds are new. Both crude extracts of theaerial parts and rhizomes, as well as the pure compounds were tested to evaluate theirantifungal activity against the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Cryptococcusneoformans. Besides, the polar extract of the aerial parts was included in antifoulingpaints for field trials at Mar del Plata harbour. Abietic acid, which is one of the major constituents of rosin, was used asstarting material to obtain ten derivatives. The modifications were designed to addstructural moieties with known antifouling activity to abietic acid. Four of thesederivatives are reported for the first time. With the same objective, seven new oxazole derivatives were synthesized frombile acids. The oxazole fragment itself was also prepared. This last compound,together with the bile acids derivatives and the parent bile acids were tested for theirantifungal activity against Candida albicans. In addition, some of the derivatives wereincorporated in antifouling paints. Keywords: higher plants, secondary metabolites, Cordia americana, neolignans, Hyalis argentea var. latisquama, terpenoids, abietic acid, bile acids, syntheticmodifications, oxazoles, antifungal activity, antifouling activity, antioxidant activity. Fil: Fernández, Lucía Raquel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.
- Published
- 2015
17. Isolation and structural elucidation of secondary metabolites from South Atlantic and Antarctic sponges, tunicates, corals and bryozoans
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Patiño Cano, Laura Patricia and Palermo, Jorge A.
- Subjects
ASPIDOSTOMA GIGANTEUM ,TEDANIA SP ,APLIDIUM CONICUM ,NUCLEOSIDES ,BROMINATED ALKALOIDS ,APLIDIUM SP ,MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS ,STEROIDS ,RUBROLIDES ,PRODUCTOS NATURALES MARINOS ,GUAIANOLIDOS ,PRIMNOELLA SCOTIAE ,ANTHOMASTUS BATHYPROCTUS ,ACIDOS BILIARES ,PRIMNOELLA DIVARICATA ,GUAIANOLIDES ,ALCALOIDES HALOGENADOS ,NUCLEOSIDOS ,SIPHONOCHALINA FORTIS ,ANTHONOMASTUS BATHYPROCTUS ,BILE ACIDS ,PARAMURICEA SP ,ESTEROIDES ,RUBROLIDOS - Abstract
En este trabajo se detalla el aislamiento y elucidación estructural de los metabolitos secundarios presentes en los extractos orgánicos de las esponjas Siphonochalina fortis y Tedania sp.; de los octocorales Anthomastus bathyproctus, Primnoella divaricata, Primnoella scotiae y Paramuricea sp.; de los tunicados Aplidium conicum y Aplidium sp. y del briozoo Aspidostoma giganteum. Todos los extractos de las especies estudiadas fueron fraccionados mediante distintas técnicas de cromatografía hasta la obtención de los metabolitos secundarios de interés puros. La elucidación estructural se realizó utilizando los experimentos de RMN 1D y 2D, espectrometría de masa y reacciones de derivatización. De la esponja Siphonochalina fortis, colectada en Bahía Bustamante, Chubut, se aislaron tres ácidos biliares acetilados (70-72). Este trabajo es el primer aislamiento de ácidos biliares acetilados a partir de esponjas. El compuesto 71 fue detectado por primera vez como producto natural. De la especie Tedania sp., recolectada en el Golfo de San José, Península Valdés, Chubut, se aislaron tres nucleósidos: 2´-desoxiuridina (85), 2´-desoxiadenosina (86) y timidina (87) y un Anor esteroide (88). Del octocoral Anthomastus bathyproctus, recolectado en las islas Shetland del Sur, se aislaron 5 nuevos esteroides (103-107). De los octocorales Primnoella divaricata y Primnoella scotiae, colectados en el Golfo de San Jorge, Chubut, se obtuvieron dos ácidos biliares oxidados (108-109) y por último, del octocoral Paramuricea sp., recolectado cerca de las Islas Shetland del Sur, se aislaron 3 guayanólidos (110, 112 y 113). El compuesto 113 es nuevo. Del tunicado Aplidium conicum, recolectado en la Península Valdés, Chubut, se aisló el meroterpenoide, (+)-conicol (144). Del tunicado Aplidium sp., colectado en la Península Valdés, Chubut, se aislaron los rubrólidos L (146) y O (145). Del briozoo Aspidostoma giganteum, recolectado en el Golfo de San Jorge, Chubut, se aislaron 10 nuevos alcaloides bromados, las aspidostomidas A-H (198, 207, 210-212, 220-222, 225, 227). Este es el primer reporte de este tipo de alcaloides en briozoos. Cinco de estas aspidostomidas, presentan una estructura derivada de tirosina unida a un anillo pirrólico altamente halogenado, a través de un enlace amida, mientras que otros 3 compuestos presentan una estructura derivada de triptofano unido a un anillo de pirrolocetopiperazina, altamente halogenado. Por ultimo, la diaspidostomida, es un ejemplo único de una estructura dimérica que exhibe una estructura N,N-diacil hidrazida en su esqueleto. The isolation and structural elucidation of secondary metabolites from the organic extracts of the sponges Siphonochalina fortis and Tedania sp., from the octocorals Anthomastus bathyproctus, Primnoella divaricata, Primnoella scotiae and Paramuricea sp., from the tunicates Aplidium conicum and Aplidium sp and from the bryozoan Aspidostoma giganteum is described. All the extracts from the above-mentioned marine samples were fractionated using different chromatographic techniques, until the compounds of interest were purified. The structural elucidation was achieved by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, mass spectrometry and derivatization reactions. Three acetylated bile acids (70-72) were isolated from Siphonochalina fortis, collected at Bahia Bustamante, Chubut. This work represents the first isolation of acetylated bile acids from marine sponges. Compound 71 was isolated for the first time as a natural product. Three known nucleosides: 2´-deoxyuridine (85), 2´- deoxyadenosine (86) and thymidine (87), together with an A-nor steroid (88) were isolated from Tedania sp, collected at San Jorge Gulf, Chubut. Five new steroids (103-107) were isolated from the octocoral Anthomastus bathyproctus, collected near the Shetland Island. These steroids are closely related with a group of steroids previously isolated from this coral. Two oxidized bile acids (108-109) were isolated from Primnoella divaricata and Primnoella scotiae, collected at San Jorge Gulf, Chubut. Three guainolides, linderazulene (110), a ketolactone (112) and a new brominated derivate (113) were isolated from the dark octocoral Paramuricea sp., collected at the Shetland Island. The known meroterpenoid (+)-conicol (144) was isolated from Aplidum conicum. The two known compounds, rubrolide L (146) and O (145) were isolated from the tunicate Aplidium sp., collected at Peninsula Valdes, Chubut. Ten new halogenated alkaloids, named aspidostomides A-H (198, 207, 210- 212, 220-222, 225, 227) were isolated from the bryozoan Aspidostoma giganteum, collected at San Jorge Gulf, Chubut. This is the first example of this class of alkaloids in bryozoans. Five of these alkaloids have a tyrosine residue linked to a pyrrolic acid by an amide bond. Three of the others have a tryptophane residue linked to a pirroloketopiperazine group. Diaspidostomide (222) is a unique example of a dimeric compound with an N,N-diacyl hydrazide structure. Fil: Patiño Cano, Laura Patricia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.
- Published
- 2013
18. [Colestasis por deficiencia de 3b-Δ5-C27-hidroxiesteroide deshidrogenasa en un paciente con alteración en la síntesis de ácidos biliares].
- Author
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Almanza-Miranda E, Piña-Aguilar RE, Ordoñez-Gutiérrez E, Mora MTG, and Peña-Vélez R
- Subjects
- Cholestasis genetics, Cholic Acid administration & dosage, Humans, Infant, Jaundice etiology, Male, Metabolism, Inborn Errors genetics, 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases genetics, Bile Acids and Salts metabolism, Cholestasis diagnosis, Metabolism, Inborn Errors diagnosis
- Abstract
Introducción: Los errores innatos en la síntesis de ácidos biliares son un grupo de defectos genéticos que representan del 1 al 2% de las enfermedades colestásicas crónicas en lactantes, niños y adolescentes. La deficiencia de 3b-Δ5-C27-hidroxiesteroide oxidoreductasa (3b-HSDH) es el defecto más comúnmente reportado. El cuadro clínico característico consiste en hepatitis neonatal, hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia, malabsorción, desnutrición y enfermedad hepática de aparición tardía., Caso Clínico: Lactante masculino con antecedente de ictericia en escleras a los 4 meses que se resolvió espontáneamente; posteriormente, a los 18 meses, presentó enfermedad colestásica. Durante su abordaje se documentó gamma-glutamil transpeptidasa normal, hallazgo que es altamente sugestivo de alteración en la síntesis de ácidos biliares. El diagnóstico se realizó con espectrometría de masas en orina. Se inició tratamiento con ácido cólico oral, y presentó mejoría inmediata., Conclusiones: El resultado en los ácidos biliares urinarios es definitivo para el defecto genético y consistente con mutaciones homocigotas en el gen HSD3B7. Este padecimiento constituye un diagnóstico de exclusión en las enfermedades colestásicas de la infancia, particularmente el hallazgo de gamma-glutamil transpeptidasa normal o levemente aumentada, y responde adecuadamente al tratamiento oral, por lo que debe identificarse de forma temprana., Background: Inborn errors in bile acid synthesis are a group of genetic defects accounting for 1 to 2% of chronic cholestatic diseases in infants, children and adolescents. Deficiency of 3b-Δ5-C27-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSDH) is the most common defect in this disease. Clinical features consist of neonatal hepatitis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, malabsorption, malnutrition, and late-onset liver disease., Case Report: A male infant who presented jaundice in sclera at 4 months that resolved spontaneously, later presented cholestatic disease at 18 months. During his approach, normal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was documented, a finding that is highly suggestive of alteration in the synthesis of bile acids. The diagnosis was made using urine mass spectrometry. Oral colic acid treatment was started, presenting immediate improvement., Conclusions: The result in urinary bile acids is definitive for the genetic defect and consistent with homozygous mutations in the HSD3B7 gene. This condition is a diagnosis of exclusion in childhood cholestatic diseases, particularly in the presence of normal or mildly enlarged gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and responds adequately to oral treatment; it should be identified early., (Copyright: © 2018 SecretarÍa de Salud.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. [Effect of biliary obstruction on lipoprotein(a) concentration].
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Calmarza P, Bajador E, Lapresta C, García Castañón S, de Castro I, and Civeira F
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- Adult, Apolipoproteins metabolism, Cholestasis, Extrahepatic therapy, Cholesterol blood, Cholesterol, HDL blood, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia etiology, Lipids blood, Liver Function Tests, Prospective Studies, Triglycerides blood, Cholestasis, Extrahepatic physiopathology, Hypercholesterolemia epidemiology, Lipoprotein(a) metabolism, gamma-Glutamyltransferase metabolism
- Abstract
Objectives: This study was appointed to determine the correlation between the concentration of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], apolipoproteins and lipids with biochemical parameters of liver function in a group of patients with reversible cholestasis. We have also determined the concentration of these parameters once solved the biliary obstruction process., Material and Methods: Eighteen adults over 17 years with extrahepatic cholestasis were included in the study on a prospective basis, and we determined in them biochemical liver function parameters and lipoprotein metabolism parameters, particularly Lp(a) before and after unblocking., Results: The concentration of Lp(a) prior to desobstruction was inverse and statistically significantly correlated with the concentration of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (correlation coefficient [r] = -0.757, P = .018). The concentration of Lp(a) (median = 2.66 mg/dL, interquartile range = 5,62) showed a statistically significant increase (median = 9.72 mg/dL, interquartile range = 28.76, P < .001), once the unblocking was performed. Concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides had a statistically significant decrease, and HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1 showed a statistically significant increase once the unblocking was carried out., Conclusions: The concentration of Lp(a) is decreased during cholestasis, although there is a significant simultaneous hypercholesterolemia. Cholestasis has a causal role in lowering Lp(a), because the unblocking of bile duct recovers Lp(a) concentration. Our study supports the concept that bile acids exert a controlling effect on the synthesis of Lp(a) and open a mechanism for the treatment of hyper Lp(a)., (Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Motilidad, flujo intestinal y patrón de ácidos biliares en niños con síndrome diarreico
- Author
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L. Cupello,Jesús, T. Rodríguez,Jorge, N. Flores,Felipe, Lee Huan,Tzu, Soriano,Humberto, and Nichols,Buford L
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bile acids ,Acute diarrhea ,sobrecrecimiento bacteriano ,bacterial overgrowth ,ácidos biliares ,Diarrea aguda - Published
- 1977
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