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Background and Objective: This randomized crossover clinical trial investigated the effects of substituting legumes for meat consumption in the therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) diet on leptin and adiponectin concentrations among type 2 diabetic patients., Material and Methods: Thirty-one type 2 diabetic patients (24 women, age: 58.1±6.0 years) were randomly assigned to groups designated to consume a legume-free TLC diet or a legume-based TLC diet for 8 weeks. Both diets were similar except for the replacement of two servings of red meat with legumes 3 days per week in the legume-based TLC group. Leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured at baseline and after the 8-week intervention., Results: The legume-based TLC diet significantly increased adiponectin concentrations in comparison with the legume-free TLC diet. There was no significant change in leptin concentrations after both intervention diets., Conclusions: Legumes increased serum adiponectin concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients. Registration number: IRCT201202251640N7., (Copyright © 2018 SEEN y SED. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)