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For homeowners who live in an area with a medium to high risk of wildfire, creating an area of defensible space is crucial for protecting homes. The movement of a wildfire is controlled primarily by the flammability of the plants present and how those plants are arranged, both vertically and horizontally. This publication details how the structure and composition of the vegetation, from leaf to the whole plant, affect the likelihood that a fire will ignite and spread. It also describes how plants' horizontal and vertical arrangement can affect wildfire ignition and spread near homes, concluding with recommendations for firewise landscaping.

The underlying uncertainty in digital humanities research data affects decision-making and persists during a project’s lifecycle. This uncertainty is inevitable since most empirical claims cannot be assessed against an absolute truth (Drucker 2011; Binder et al. 2014). This situation has been previously recognized together with the need to report the degrees of uncertainty that accompany such claims (Blau 2011). Although TEI makes it possible to annotate text with notions of certainty or precision, examples of actual projects taking advantage of this are scarce. There are many possible explanations for uncertainty’s lack of visibility in computationally supported humanities research; among them, the need for tools specifically designed to address the goal of defining and managing uncertainty stands out. Thus, efforts to provide technical support for humanities research should focus on managing and making uncertainty more transparent, rather than removing it. Another challenge is the fact that there is no agreement on a generic taxonomy for the different types of uncertainty that researchers may face. Various researchers across disciplines, working on varying projects and data sets, can use different categories to classify the uncertainties present in a particular case. In this paper, we introduce a collaborative platform for collective annotation of TEI data sets. We briefly present the flexible taxonomy of uncertainty used in the platform and describe two data sets used for its testing. Then we describe use cases of annotations available on the platform, and how they translate into TEI annotations. Creating and interpreting annotations with and without uncertainty should now be easier, especially for researchers who do not know TEI markup.

La negociación de alianza es la capacidad que tienen paciente y terapeuta para resolver problemas vinculares y desacuerdos en terapia. Si bien este concepto es una noción diádica, con implicancias importantes para el tratamiento, actualmente solo existe un instrumento, desde la perspectiva del paciente, que permite su medición. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el desarrollo y el estudio de las propiedades psicométricas preliminares de la Escala de Negociación de la Alianza, versión terapeuta (ANS-T). A estos fines, se convocó una muestra de 188 terapeutas de distintas aproximaciones teóricas que completaron un conjunto inicial de ítems tentativos del ANS-T junto con el Inventario de Alianza de Trabajo (WAI, por su sigla en inglés), otra escala para medición de la alianza. Para el análisis de datos se realizó un análisis de componentes principales, se estudiaron medidas de confiabilidad como el alfa de Cronbach y correlaciones ítem-total corregidas, así como también evidencias de validez de criterio a partir de las correlaciones entre el ANS-T y la WAI. Los resultados del análisis de componentes principales sugirieron una solución unidimensional integrada por nueve ítems. Los análisis conducidos sobre la versión final de la ANS-T mostraron una adecuada consistencia interna (a = .82) y homogeneidad de sus ítems (r ítem-total corregidas: entre .34 y .66) junto con evidencias de validez de criterio (r con WAI: .51, p < .001). Las cualidades del instrumento y sus propiedades psicométricas sugieren que la ANS-T es un recurso valioso tanto para la clínica como para la investigación.

Based in a digital archive of first-person witness by people currently incarcerated in the United States (U.S.), this paper discusses witness texts that document and grieve the experience of alienation of self-identity, fight that alienation, and that together map both the degradation of human dignity at the center of current U.S. penality and how it can be resisted in restoring sociality with other incarcerated people. Writing from inside often represents a moment not only of resistance to the prison regime, but of reconstruction of the self that is the premise for all further resistance. After placing prison witness today against the background of such witness from an earlier penal era, the paper looks at patterns across the essays currently posted in the American Prison Writing Archive (APWA). The paper suggests that the very availability of the APWA could re-ground future U.S. prison scholarship.

The Open Discovery Space (ODS) project was conceived to introduce innovative resource-based teaching and learning practices in European schools, to promote the creation of communities between European school members and to boost the demand for open educational resources among teachers. After 3 years of applying the ODS innovation model, more than 2,000 European schools have carried out diverse experiences of technology-rich innovation to achieve the project aims. This paper describes the experiences and results of ODS in 7 different European countries, along with the international activities that aim at expanding the scope of the project beyond the European limits.

This extension publication outlines plant characteristics that have the greatest effect on flammability, as discussed at three levels: plant parts (primarily leaves), whole plants, and groups of plants. Selecting firewise plants can reduce wildfire risk, but during drought conditions, most plants will burn if exposed to enough heat, regardless of their flammability. This document is Circular 1445, one of the series Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: March 2004. Circular 1445/FR147: Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Selecting and Maintaining Firewise Plants for Landscaping (ufl.edu)