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Since the publication of White Paper #7 "Phase Scheduling" (Ballard, 2000), work on many projects has been planned with this technique by teams of varying configuration. Many teams have adapted their own approach to developing a "phase schedule", in some cases called a "reverse phase schedule" or a "pull phase schedule". During these planning sessions, ideas have been put in practice that improve on the original scheme and increase the benefits of producing a phase schedule. Perhaps the most significant being the conversations that the teams pursue during the exercise. This paper will briefly describe the authors' current approach to and practices for preparing phase schedules and how this has become, in actuality, phase planning. It will then describe how phase planning produces the project schedule as traditionally understood, and more importantly designs the network of commitments necessary to deliver each project milestone, and how understanding and using the network of commitments improves project performanceDesde la publicación del artículo "Programación por Fases" (Ballard, 2000), el trabajo en muchos proyectos han sido planeado utilizando esta técnica con equipos de configuración variable. Muchos equipos han adaptado su propio enfoque para desarrollar "programación por fases", en algunos casos incluso llamada "programación por fases inversa" o "programación por fases por arrastre". Durante las sesiones de planificación, algunas ideas han sido puestas en práctica que mejoran el esquema original e incrementan los beneficios programas por fases. Tal ves uno de los mayores beneficios son las conversaciones que los equipos mantienen durante el ejercicio de programación. Este artículo describe brevemente el enfoque y prácticas de los autores para preparar programación por fases y como esto ha llegado a ser, en realidad, planificación por fases. El artículo describe como la planificación por fases no solo produce un programa de proyecto como se entiende tradicionalmente, sino además diseña una red de compromisos. Se explica como dicha red es necesaria para obtener cada hito del proyecto y de cómo el entender y utilizarla mejora el desempeño del proyecto

A world of healthy people living in healthy ecosystems has proven to be an elusive goal of the sustainable development agenda. Numerous science-based assessments agree on the fundamental interdependence between people's health, the economy, and the environment, and on the urgency for more determined and concerted action based on multi-sector participatory approaches at the global and local levels. For knowledge to be policy-relevant and capable of contributing to healthy and sustainable development, it must take into account the dynamic and complex interactions between ecological and social systems (systems thinking), and it must be linked to development actions. This in turn requires greater interaction and exchange between decision-makers, researchers and civil society (a multi-stakeholder participatory process); and the harnessing of different disciplines and of different kinds of knowledge (a transdisciplinary approach). Ecosystem approaches to human health (ecohealth) link these elements in an adaptable framework for research and action. This paper presents an overview of ecohealth research approaches applied to vector-borne diseases, with particular attention to multi-stakeholder participation given its prominence in the sustainable development policy discourse.Um mundo de pessoas saudáveis em ecossistemas saudáveis tem sido uma meta elusiva da agenda de desenvolvimento sustentável. Inúmeras avaliações de bases científicas concordam com a interdependência fundamental entre saúde, economia e ambiente e, com a urgência de melhores determinações e orquestração de ações baseadas em enfoques participativos multissetoriais em níveis local e global. Para tornar o conhecimento relevante para fundamentar políticas públicas direcionadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável e saudável é necessário considerar as interações complexas e dinâmicas entre sistemas ecológicos e sociais (enfoque sistêmico), que devem estar ligadas às ações de desenvolvimento. Isso requer maior interação entre tomadores(as) de decisões, pesquisadores(as) e representantes da sociedade civil - um processo participativo com múltiplos atores, e a integração de diferentes disciplinas e de diferentes tipos de conhecimento em um enfoque transdisciplinar. Enfoques ecossistêmicos para saúde humana (ecossaúde) conecta esses elementos em um esquema adaptável para pesquisa e ação. Este artigo apresenta exemplos de pesquisas com enfoque em ecossaúde aplicadas às enfermidades transmitidas por vetores, com atenção particular à participação de múltiplos atores, considerando a proeminência desta prerrogativa no discurso político de desenvolvimento sustentável.

As the European Union enters into the next decade, its leaders seemingly strive towards more future integration rather than less, despite the recent setback of Brexit and the rise of anti-EU populist parties. In his state of the Union in 2018, Jean Claude Junker emphasized several ways forward - ‘European solidarity’, ‘rejection of exaggerated nationalism’, and support for ‘balanced migration reform’. Yet he did not mention one key policy tool for achieving a closer Union – Cohesion Policy and the Structural Funds, which are “the only real, significant redistributive mechanism in the EU…” (Fratesi 2017) and consistently constitute the second largest item in the EU’s budget. As Cohesion policy essentially redistributes resources from wealthier EU countries to poorer EU regions, creating winners (net recipients) and losers (net donors), it has been a target in anti-EU rhetoric, including in the lead up to Brexit. Despite elite commentary, we know surprisingly little about what EU citizens think of the rationale behind the policy of Cohesion – e.g. economic redistribution within the EU. As part of the PERCEIVE Horizon2020 project, we launched a unique survey to investigate how citizens feel about economic integration within the Union, where 17,200 citizens were interviewed. In this paper, we show how we measure support for the policy, the results as well as a host of correlates. Our analysis shows the variation in citizens’ support for EU Cohesion policy between countries, how support varies between demographic groups, as well as the extent to which support is correlated with utilitarian and ideational factors as well as cue taking. Implications for future developments of this policy are discussed.

Journalism’s “Invisibles”Introduction

Os invisíveis do jornalismoIntrodução

Les invisibles du journalismeIntroduction

"Américanité," as a concept developed and refined by literary scholars to address a certain Québécois interest in writing and film, is paralleled here by the Brazilian concept "americanidade." Both evoke the "americanness" of contemporary writing in the Americas, and imply a turning away from European models and requirements toward a hybridization and a focus on movement, inter-relations, trans-cultural contacts. Translation, by definition a transcultural activity, moves these "american" texts from one language to another. In this article we study the translation of an archetypical novel of Quebec "américanité", Jacques Godbout's Une histoire américaine (1986) into Brazilian Portuguese. We examine the concepts of américanité and americanidade and hypothesize that such shared americanness will aid in the translation, or at least be recognized as the text moves from French to Portuguese. We examine the outcome of the translation from this particular perspective, and conclude that Europe in fact still intervenes as the major reference.

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