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The state of Tripura of North-east India is a part of the Indo-Myanmar biodiversity hotspot and rich in unique biological flora and fauna. The present study is based on extensive surveys done by the author for a period of 5 years in different parts of North Tripura, North-east India. Here, I present a total of 21 genera and 51 species that are new additions to the butterfly fauna of Tripura. These new records include 18 species of Hesperiidae, 12 species of Lycaenidae, 17 species of Nymphalidae and 4 species of Pieridae. These records represent a 20.90% increase in the numbe

ABSTRACT The anesthetic management of patients with large mediastinal masses can be complicated due to the pressure effects of the mass on the airway or major vessels. We present the successful anesthetic management of a 64-year-old female with a large mediastinal mass that encroached on the great vessels and compressed the trachea. A tracheal stent was placed to relieve the tracheal compression under general anesthesia. Spontaneous ventilation was maintained during the perioperative period with the use of a classic laryngeal mask airway. We discuss the utility of laryngeal mask airway for anesthetic management of tracheal stenting in patients with mediastinal masses.

Vinegar is a food of condiments group that have great use in the food industry. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of parameters of the acetic fermentation process in the production of ginger vinegar. A suspension of ginger rhizomes with 12% of starch was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis process to obtain hydrolyzed with 85.6% of glucose. After the alcoholic fermentation the wine was obtained with 40.3% ethanol. The acetic fermentation process of ginger alcoholic solution followed a completely randomized design in a factorial for three factors at two levels. The independent variables were: temperature, nutrients and proportion of "strong vinegar" and alcoholic solution (initial acidity). Results showed variation from 2.74 to 3.70% for dry extract and 2.13 to 2.83 % for ash in vinegars. The profile of organic acids of ginger vinegars showed the presence of acetic, citric, malic and succinic acids in all treatments. The condition of 20°C, initial acidity 1:1,with addition of nutrients allow obtaining good quality vinegars and higher GK yields

OBJECTIVE: To report an infant with congenital cytomegalovirus and progressive sensorineural hearing loss, who was assessed by three methods of hearing evaluation. CASE DESCRIPTION: In the first audiometry, at four months of age, the infant showed abnormal response in Otoacoustic Emissions and normal Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR), with electrophysiological threshold in 30dBnHL, in both ears. With six months of age, he showed bilateral absence of the ABR at 100dBnHL. The behavioral observational audiometry was impaired due to the delay in neuropsychomotor development. At eight months of age, he was submitted to Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR) and the thresholds were 50, 70, absent in 110 and in 100dB, respectively for 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000Hz in the right ear, and 70, 90, 90 and absent in 100dB, respectively for 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000Hz in the left ear. COMMENTS: In the first evaluation, the infant had abnormal Otoacoustic Emission and normal ABR, which became altered at six months of age. The hearing loss severity could be identified only by the ASSR, which allowed the best procedure for hearing aids adaptation. The case description highlights the importance of the hearing status follow-up for children with congenital cytomegalovirus.

The Hedge Cupid butterfly, Bothrinia chennellii (de Nicéville, 1884) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is rediscovered to Meghalaya, India, from two different localities since its last known records. The species was last recorded 63 years ago by Cantlie from Shillong, Khasi Hills, Meghalaya in 1952 and since then no records of this species has been found in the literature of the state. The species is legally protected under Schedule II of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. In this paper taxonomy, distribution and current habitat of the species are discussed.

Amphithemis vacillans Selys, 1891 is reported for the first time from Meghalaya, Northeastern India. The authors recorded a male individual from the forest of Byrnihat, located in Ri-bhoi distict of the state on November 23, 2017. The current sighing revised the distribution of this species in India being previously known from Assam and West Bengal.

Near infrared spectroscopy is non-invasive and may be applied as a rapid and cost effective technique for assessment of quality parameters of timber. Near infrared spectra of Tectona grandis (teak) wood samples of were collected before measuring physical (density, equilibrium moisture content) and strength (flexural and compressive) properties using conventional methods. Partial least squares regression was used to develop calibration models between measured wood properties and near infrared data. The best near infrared spectra pre-processing methods differed by property. Linear calibration models with high R², low error and high ratio of performance to deviation values were observed from partial least squares analysis for different wood properties. These linear models may be applied for rapid and precise estimation of the properties examined in testing and evaluation procedures for commercially valuable teak wood.

The farmland visitor Bath White, Pontia daplidice moorei is recorded for the first time in Meghalaya. The butterfly is documented in an opportunistic survey on 17.v.2015 along the GuwahatiShillong road, near Shangbangla village at an elevation of 520 meters. This record will help in updating the status of butterfly fauna in Meghalaya, India.

Brazil under President Bolsonaro is an extreme case of multiple system failures that bring the country to the brink of collapse. It has a tremendous heuristic potential as a prefiguration of what the “post-pandemic world” could be like. It is “good to think with”. Experimentally, the article submits current events to a disjuncture analysis that gathers various perspectives and fragments into a literary montage.

In Islam, money is viewed as a means to measure value and a tool for transactions. This study explains other dimensions of money while also examining its use in the interconnected social and religious phases of human life. Since money is perceived differently across cultures, we conducted a literature review to identify dimensions other than the one considered by Western culture. For this purpose, we used scientific articles, book chapters, and books as the primary sources, which allowed us to obtain a complete and coherent description of the phenomenon under study. According to the results, money not only has a transactional dimension that seeks to maximize profit (as it is mainly conceived by Western culture) but also a social and religious dimension. Giving money can be more satisfying than giving in-kind. In Islam, the money collected is freely spent based on individual needs. In addition, money (dinar and dirham) serves to measure pious deeds when employed as a unit of account in zakat and qurban, as well as in inheritances. In Islam, a proper management of monetary assets can help to link the social and religious dimensions in a coherent manner.

Abstract Background and objectives: Inadequate pain relief after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction affects mobility leading to development of adhesions, weakened ligament insertion and muscle atrophy. Adductor canal block for postoperative analgesia preserves quadriceps strength. The present study was conducted to compare pain free period in patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, receiving ultrasound-guided adductor canal block with ropivacaine alone and ropivacaine with clonidine. Methods: A prospective randomized double blinded study was conducted including sixty-three adult, ASA class I, II patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. They were randomized into three groups: Group S - control group received adductor canal block with 30 mL saline, Group R - ropivacaine group received adductor canal block with 30 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine and Group RC - clonidine group received adductor canal block with 30 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine with clonidine 1 µg.kg-1. The primary aim was to compare the pain free period in patients receiving adductor canal block with ropivacaine alone or ropivacine with clonidine. The secondary outcomes were pain score at rest and movement, total analgesic requirement, sedation score and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Results: The mean pain free periods were 20 min, 384.76 min and 558.09 min for Group S, Group R and Group RC, respectively and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between Group R and Group RC in terms of pain scores at rest and movement and total analgesic requirement. Conclusion: Addition of clonidine to ropivacaine in USG guided adductor canal block led to significant prolongation of pain free period though pain score at rest and movement, and rescue analgesic requirement, did not differ.

Documentation is a significant mechanism to prove one’s identity. Palestinians, being robbed of this privilege to document their history, have taken upon other creative means to prove their existence. Being instruments of resistance, graphics and comics have a historical prominence in the Palestinian community. Building on this rich history of resistance through art, the paper contends that the modern graphic novel is used as a tool by the author to reclaim the Palestinian identity by drawing their rootedness in the region, thus resisting their effacement from public memory.

Hypercarotenaemia develops in person consuming high amount of carotenoid rich foods. It is also known that person with hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus tend to develop hypercarotenaemia with the normal intake of carotenoid rich foods. This case is of hypercarotenaemia in adult Nepalese hypothyroid women who consumed excess amount of food rich in carotene in order to get rid of her jaundice. Our common food habits can cause ill health effects if not monitored. Resumen: La hipercarotinemia se desarrolla en personas que consumen cantidades elevadas de comidas ricas en carotenoides. También es conocido que las personas con hipotiroidismo y diabetes mellitus tienden a desarrollar hipercarotinemia con el consumo normal de comidas ricas en carotenoides. En este caso se presenta hipercarotinemia en una mujer adulta nepalesa que tiene hipotiroidismo y que consumía una cantidad excesiva de comida rica en carotenos para poder sanar su ictericia. Nuestros hábitos alimenticios comunes pueden causar mala salud si no son monitoreados.

Abstract Background and objectives: An ultrasound guided femoral nerve block is an established analgesic method in patients with a hip fracture. Elevated cytokine levels correlate with poor patient outcomes after surgery. Hence, the aim of the study was to describe the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α after an ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block in elderly patients having a femoral neck fracture. Methods: A total of 32 patients were allocated into two treatment groups: 16 patients (femoral nerve block group; ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block with up to 20 mL of 0.3 mL.kg−1 of 0.5% bupivacaine and intravenous tramadol) and 16 patients (standard management group; up to 3 mL of 0.9% saline in the femoral sheath and intravenous tramadol). Tumor necrosis factor-α and visual analogue scale scores were evaluated immediately before the femoral nerve block and again at 4, 24, and 48 h after the femoral nerve block. All surgery was performed electively after 48 h of femoral nerve block. Results: The femoral nerve block group had a significantly lower mean tumor necrosis factor-α level at 24 (4.60 vs. 8.14, p < 0.001) and 48 h (5.05 vs. 8.56, p < 0.001) after the femoral nerve block, compared to the standard management group. The femoral nerve block group showed a significantly lower mean visual analogue scale score at 4 (3.63 vs. 7.06, p < 0.001) and 24 h (4.50 vs. 5.75, p < 0.001) after the femoral nerve block, compared to the standard management group. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block using 0.3 mL.kg−1 of 0.5% bupivacaine up to a maximum of 20 mL resulted in a significant lower tumor necrosis factor-α level.

Os princípios requeridos para uma Classificação geral e métodos a serem aplicados em indexação pré-coordenada foram examinados e baseados na evidência psicológica da natureza do conhecimento.Um esquema compatível a ambos foi delineado. Para tanto sentiu-se a necessidade de uma divisão primária em tipos de conceitos básicos, a subdivisão destes em várias colunas paralelas, o arranjo de termos ou conceitos em cada coluna, em diferentes níveis de complexidade, a representação de classes genéricas em qualquer nível, e uma apresentação em separado de tipos mais complexos de conceitos ou termos que são heterogêneos em relação aos tipos de conceitos básicos. Estas diferentes linhas de desenvolvimento de conceitos podem ser representadas por diferentes direções em um diagrama multidimensional. As diferentes dimensões apresentam as relações fundamentais entre conceitos. Outras relações menos fundamentais, portanto não incorporadas, podem ser introduzidas em forma de símbolos entre conceitos expressando relações explícitas. Esse esquema que pode ser melhor denominado "organização de conceitos", ao invés de classificação, é particularmente valioso em recuperação da informação. http://revista.ibict.br/ciinf/article/view/88

To assess the preservative potential of green extracts of moringa leaves (ML) and orange peel (OP) in chicken sausages under refrigerated conditions, eight groups were tested over 16 days: control, CBHT (100 ppm BHT), OPAE (3% aqueous OP), MLAE (3% aqueous ML), OMAE (1.5% aqueous OP+ML), OPEE (3% ethanolic OP), MLEE (3% ethanolic ML), and OMEE (1.5% ethanolic OP+ML) for quality parameters. Results showed no adverse effects on physicochemical parameters including pH, colour, and moisture content. Among all, MLEE and MLAE exhibited significantly lower TBARS values and plate counts with higher sensory scores; however, OMEE and OMAE exhibited comparable to CBHT. Principal component and cluster analyses indicated that storage duration impacted quality more than antioxidant type. The study concluded that OP and ML individual and combined extracts may extend the shelf life to 16 days, with MLEE being the most effective, showcasing their potential as natural preservatives to replace synthetic additives.

This study aimed at understanding the meaning of chemotherapeutic treatment for adolescents with cancer. It is a qualitative study using Alfred Schütz’s social phenomenology as a framework. Seven adolescents were interviewed. Four themes emerged from the analysis of their discourses: Impact of the disease on their lives; The discomfort of treatment; Coping strategies and Projection to the future without the disease. The statements of the adolescents revealed that the experience with the chemotherapeutic treatment affects several possibilities of being-in-the-world-with-the-others. The healthcare team plays a fundamental role in the lives of these adolescents, and this relationship goes beyond the scientific level.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender el significado del tratamiento quimioterápico para el adolescente acometido por cáncer. Se trata de investigación de naturaleza cualitativa, utilizando el referencial fenomenológico social de Alfred Schütz. Fueron entrevistados siete adolescentes. Del análisis de los discursos, emergieron cuatro temas: el impacto de la enfermedad en su vida; la incomodidad del tratamiento; las estrategias de enfrentamiento; y la proyección para el futuro sin la enfermedad. La declaración de los adolescentes reveló que la experiencia con el tratamiento quimioterápico afecta las varias posibilidades del ser-en-el-mundo-con-los-otros. El equipo que cuida es parte fundamental en la vida de esos adolescentes, cuya relación ultrapasa lo científico.Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender o significado do tratamento quimioterápico para o adolescente acometido pelo câncer. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com referencial fenomenológico social de Alfred Schütz. Foram entrevistados sete adolescentes. Da análise dos discursos, emergiram quatro temas: impacto da doença em sua vida, o desconforto do tratamento, estratégias de enfrentamento e projeção para o futuro sem a doença. A fala dos adolescentes revelou que a experiência com o tratamento quimioterápico afeta as várias possibilidades do ser-no-mundo-com-os-outros. A equipe que cuida é parte fundamental na vida desses adolescentes, cuja relação ultrapassa o científico.

Pulmonary artery catheter is an invasive monitor usually placed in high-risk cardiac surgical patients to optimize the cardiac functions. We present this case of blood oozing from the oximetry connection port of the pulmonary artery catheter that resulted in the inability to monitor continuous cardiac output requiring replacement of the catheter. The cause of this abnormal bleeding was later confirmed to be due to a manufacturing defect.

Nevoid acanthosis nigricans is a rare variant usually presents as a localized hyperpigmented velvety plaque at birth or before puberty. However, unlike other variants, it is neither localized to the neck or flexures nor associated with metabolic disturbances, syndromes, drug toxicity, endocrinopathy or malignancy. Only a few cases of nevoid acanthosis nigricans have been reported in the literature. This 17-year-old male presented with a gradually progressive hyperpigmented, velvety plaque of nevoid acanthosis nigricans over the midline of the abdomen having a late onset.

A starting point for adapting to longer-term climate change could be adaptation to short-term climate variability and extreme events. Making more informed choices about the use of remittances can enhance the adaptive capacity of remittance-receiving households.

Abstract Background: Efficacy of preoxygenation depends upon inspired oxygen concentration, its flow rate, breathing system configuration and patient characteristics. We hypothesized that in actual clinical scenario, where breathing circuit is not primed with 100% oxygen, patients may need more time to achieve EtO2 ≥ 90%, and this duration may be different among various breathing systems. We thus studied the efficacy of preoxygenation using unprimed Mapleson A, Bain's and Circle system with tidal volume breathing at oxygen flow rates of 5 L.min−1 and 10 L.min−1. Methods: Patients were randomly allocated into one of the six groups, wherein they were preoxygenated using either Mapleson A, Bain's or Circle system at O2 flow rate of either 5 L.min−1 or 10 L.min−1. The primary outcome measure of our study was the time taken to achieve EtO2 ≥ 90% at 5 and 10 L.min−1 flow rates. Results: At oxygen flow rate of 5 L.min−1, time to reach EtO2 ≥ 90% was significantly longer with Bain's system (3.7 ± 0.67 min) than Mapleson A and Circle system (2.9 ± 0.6, 3.3 ± 0.97 min, respectively). However at oxygen flow rate of 10 L.min−1 this time was significantly shorter and comparable among all the three breathing systems (2.33 ± 0.38 min with Mapleson, 2.59 ± 0.50 min with Bain's and 2.60 ± 0.47 min with Circle system). Conclusions: With spontaneous normal tidal volume breathing at oxygen flow rate of 5 L.min−1, Mapleson A can optimally preoxygenate patients within 3 min while Bain's and Circle system require more time. However at O2 flow rate of 10 L.min−1 all the three breathing systems are capable of optimally preoxygenating the patients in less than 3 min.

Os princípios requeridos para uma classificação geral e métodos a serem aplicados em indexação pré-coordenada foram examinados e baseados na evidência psicológica da natureza do conhecimento.Um esquema compatível a ambos foi delineado. Para tanto sentiu-se a necessidade de uma divisão primária em tipos de conceitos básicos, a subdivisão destes em várias colunas paralelas, o arranjo de termos ou conceitos em cada coluna, em diferentes níveis de complexidade, a representação de classes genéricas em qualquer nível, e uma apresentação em separado de tipos mais complexos de conceitos ou termos que são heterogêneos em relação aos tipos de conceitos básicos. Estas diferentes linhas de desenvolvimentode conceitos podem ser representadas por diferentes direções em um diagrama multidimensional. As diferentes dimensões apresentam as relações fundamentais entre conceitos. Outras relações menos fundamentais, portanto não incorporadas, podem ser introduzidas em forma de símbolos entre conceitos expressando relações explícitas. Esse esquema que pode ser melhor denominado"organização de conceitos", ao invés de classificação, é particularmente valioso em recuperação da informação. Abstract The desirable principles required for a general classification and methods to be applied inpre-coordinate indexing have been examined and are based on some psychological evidence of the nature of knowledge. A scheme compatible withboth has been devised. This has been found to require a primary division into basic concept types, the subdivision of these types into several parallel columns, the arrangement of terms orconcepts, within each column, at different levels of complexity, the representation of generic classesat any level, and a separate display of morecomplex types of concept or terms which areheterogenous with respect to the basic concept types. These different lines of development of concepts can be represented by different directions in a multidimensional diagram. The different dimensions display the fundamental relations between concepts. Other less fundamental relations not thus incorporated can be introduced in the form of symbols between concepts expressing explicit relations. Such a scheme which is now better called 'concept organization' than classification is particularly valuable for information retrieval.