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Objetivo: El estrógeno juega un papel importante en la osteoporosis posmenopáusica y su deficiencia está relacionada con la inflamación crónica de bajo grado. La inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IGIV) está compuesta por inmunoglobulinas derivadas del plasma de donantes sanos. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar los efectos de IVIG en la osteoporosis inducida experimentalmente. Materiales y métodos: 30 ratas se sometieron a ovariectomía dorsal bilateral. las ratas se agruparon como: Grupo 1 (n = 10, ovariectomía y solución salina); Grupo 2 (n = 10, ovariectomía y estrógeno); Grupo 3 (n = 10, ovariectomía e IVIG) y Grupo Control (n = 10, sin ovariectomía). Se realizó un examen histopatológico del tejido óseo y un análisis bioquímico de los niveles de beta-catenina, factor de necrosis tumoral α (TNF-α), IL-6, RANKL y osteoprotegerina (OPG) en plasma. Resultados: El grupo IVIG había aumentado el número, el área y el grosor trabecular con una mayor densidad mineral ósea, así como una menor separación trabecular en comparación con el grupo de solución salina. El nivel de beta-catenina en la médula ósea fue significativamente mayor en los grupos de control y de ovariectomía + IVIG. Conclusión: IVIG tiene efectos beneficiosos sobre la osteoporosis inducida experimentalmente con una posible acción sobre la inflamación y la vía RANKL-β-catenina.

Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes dosis de ácido tranexámico intraarticular en la pérdida de sangre en cirugías de artroplastia total de rodilla y compararlo con el grupo control. Materiales y métodos: La pérdida de sangre estimada y la cantidad de sangre perdida por drenaje, así como las tasas de transfusión, se compararon entre los grupos en base a los parámetros sanguíneos preoperatorios y postoperatorios quirúrgicos para evaluar la efectividad de la dosis. Resultados: En nuestro estudio, todos los grupos de ácido tranexámico redujeron significativamente la pérdida de sangre estimada y la cantidad de sangre perdida por drenaje en comparación con el grupo control. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el grupo control y el grupo que recibió 1 g de TXA en términos de tasas de transfusión (p = 0.062), y no se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos que recibieron 2 g y 3 g de TXA. Conclusión: El uso de 2 g de ácido tranexámico intraarticular es una dosis efectiva para controlar la pérdida de sangre en cirugías de artroplastia total de rodilla. Las dosis más bajas no tienen un efecto significativo en las tasas de transfusión.

Specimens of Garra rufa were collected from a warm river and a cool stream in the Bingöl Province, Turkey, once a month over a period of one year. The effects of month, season, gender and location on the fatty acid composition in the muscle and the lipid content were investigated and dietary marker fatty acids were used to obtain dietary preferences in different locations (Ilıcalar, Garip) and periods. Total lipid change was seasonally significant (ANOSIM-R=0.49) at both locations and 18:1ω9, 20:5ω3 and 20:6ω3 were the most abundant dietary fatty acids. Although G. rufa are predominantly herbivores, they can also feed omnivorously on mixed diets depending on the presence and absence of their primary diet. The effect of season was significant on fatty acid composition, regardless of the location (Pperm=0.001). Significant seasonal changes in all the fatty acid compositions could be attributed to seasonal changes in the abundance and diversity of dietary sources in the environment due to the effect of temperature.

The physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), which had been impregnated with the water-based, copper-containing Korasit KS material from the Alkaline Copper Quaternary group, were investigated in this study. According to ASTM 1413-07el (2007) standard, the wood samples used in the investigation were impregnated with 3 % and 6 % aqueous solutions of Korasit KS. The modulus of rupture, thermal, and water absorption tests were performed on samples of Oriental beech after they had been impregnated. Oriental beech's modulus of rupture values decreased as a result of Korasit KS impregnation. Additionally, Oriental beech had lower modulus of rupture values at greater concentrations of Korasit KS. In every water absorption period, the water absorption values of the Oriental beech impregnated with Korasit KS were higher than those of the control group. Our results showed that Korasit KS impregnation enhanced thermal properties of Oriental beech. Moreover, higher concentration levels of Oriental beech yielded better thermal characteristics of Oriental beech.

Mankind has always maintained the mentality of vitality since its existence. Fitness was used to survive through hunting and gathering required by living conditions in ancient times, the movement arising from competition during the cold war period was seen as a propaganda tool in certain periods, and today as a mass sport that prioritizes muscle, beauty and aesthetics used commercially. In the modern world, fitness, which is done with external appearance and aesthetic concerns, has a very old history. This article will highlight historical events and influential individuals who shaped the history of fitness, from primitive man to the founding of the modern fitness movement. For this reason, the history of fitness in the research; In societies, body culture, primitive people and fitness, before and after the industrial revolution, between certain years (1920-1990), were gathered under the titles of today's fitness. As a result, fitness, which developed as a result of physical culture in the 20th century, has a large market in the world.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different factors (season, gender, location, total lipid, weight and length) on the fatty acid composition and nutritional quality of Cyprinion macrostomus. The results were evaluated through PERMANOVA, principal coordinates (PCO), and cluster analysis for similarity ranges. An analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) was performed on the distance matrix using multiple permutations within a significant fixed effect (p < 0.05). C18:1ω9, EPA and DHA were the most important fatty acids which had an effect on the nutritional quality in all the factor groups. Total lipid amount, season and length factors were the most influential on the fatty acid compositions of C. macrostomus. Summer and Spring were the best the periods for the good nutritional quality of C. macrostomus in terms of AI (Atherogenicity index), TI (Thrombogenicity index) and h/H (Σhypocholesterolemic/Σhypercholesterolemic fatty acid index). In addition, station, gender and weight had no effect on nutritional quality. The study indicated that C. macrostomus is a potential fish meat for human nutrition with high nutritional value in terms of fatty acid composition.

Resumen La cerámica, que ha sido parte del ser humano con la transición a la vida sedentaria, ha sido un puente entre el pasado y el futuro durante siglos. Las cerámicas se han diferenciado unas de otras a lo largo del tiempo por sus materiales, técnicas y formas. Uno de estos métodos de diferenciación es el arte del azulejo. Las aplicaciones de baldosas tienen un lugar importante y especial en el arte cerámico. El arte del azulejo ha arrojado luz sobre los seres humanos a lo largo de la historia y ha agregado valor estético a la vida como parte de su vida diaria. Como en el pasado, ha sido una fuente de inspiración para los artistas cerámicos de hoy. Nuestros motivos de baldosas se han utilizado en diferentes campos del arte, manteniéndose al día con la técnica y la tecnología en constante desarrollo. En este artículo se examinan las obras cerámicas de Can Gökçe, un cerámico y académico de joven generación que produjo obras con las huellas del antiguo arte del azulejo. Con su enfoque tradicional y moderno de síntesis del arte de la cerámica, las obras de cerámica de Can Gökçe representan el pasado, hoy y mañana, y es importante en términos de utilizar sus obras con diferentes disciplinas. El artista también demuestra un enfoque importante en términos de transferir, querer, sostener y preservar nuestro patrimonio cultural a las próximas generaciones en nuestra vida moderna. El artículo incluye 19 obras del artista seleccionadas cronológicamente. Las primeras obras de época del artista se pueden ver en las primeras 4 imágenes. Es importante que el arte llegue a un público más amplio como resultado de colaboraciones artísticas interdisciplinarias, experimente una satisfacción más intensa y forme diferentes perspectivas. Artista Can Gökçe es un artista que aboga por la necesidad de la unidad interdisciplinar. Las imágenes 5-11 muestran trabajos seleccionados del proyecto que prepararon con el diseñador de moda Başak Cankeş. En las imágenes del 13 al 19 se ve que redimensionó motivos tradicionales, los adaptó a la vida actual y los utilizó en diferentes técnicas cerámicas. El objetivo principal del artículo es recordar una vez más que los azulejos, que de hecho son el patrimonio cultural turco reconocido por todo el mundo, son una de las principales herramientas de orientación en el arte de la cerámica moderna, para introducir el arte moderno de la cerámica turca en el ámbito internacional. plataformas y enfatizar la importancia de las colaboraciones interdisciplinarias. En este contexto, el artista Can Gökçe muestra un enfoque importante en términos de transferir, querer, mantener y proteger nuestro patrimonio cultural a las próximas generaciones en nuestra vida moderna. Además, se afirma en el artículo que el artista realiza proyectos innovadores y creativos utilizando líneas tradicionales y diferentes campos del arte. Abstract Ceramics, which has been a part of human beings with the transition to settled life, has been a bridge between the past and the future for ages. Ceramics are differentiated from each other over time with their materials, techniques and forms. One of these differentiation methods is tile (çini). Tile applications have an important and special place in ceramic. Tile (çini) has both shed light on human beings throughout history and added aesthetic value to life as a part of their daily life. As in the past, it has been a source of inspiration for today's artists. Turkish tile motifs have been used in different fields of art, keeping up with the ever-developing technique and technology. In this article, works of Can Gökçe, a young generation artist and academician who produced works bearing the traces of the ancient tile, are examined. With its traditional modern synthesis approach to the art of ceramics, Can Gökçe's works represent the past, today and tomorrow, and it is important in terms of using his works with different disciplines. The article includes 19 works of the artist selected chronologically. The first period works of the artist can be seen in the first 4 images. It is important for art to reach a wider audience as a result of interdisciplinary artistic collaborations, to experience more intense satisfaction and to form different perspectives. Artist Can Gökçe is an artist who advocates the necessity of interdisciplinary unity. Images 5-11 show selected works from the project they prepared with fashion designer Başak Cankeş. In the images from 13 to 19, it is seen that he resized traditional motifs, adapted them with today's life and used them in different ceramic techniques. The main purpose of the article is to remind once again that tiles, which are in fact the Turkish cultural heritage recognized by the whole world, are one of the main guiding tools in the art of modern ceramics, to introduce modern Turkish ceramic art on international platforms and to emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations. In this context, the artist Can Gökçe shows an important approach in terms of transferring, endearing, maintaining and protecting Turkish cultural heritage to the next generations in our modern life. In addition, it is stated in the article that the artist makes innovative and creative projects using traditional lines and different art fields.

ABSTRACT: Verbascum L. is the largest genus of the family Scrophulariceae and includes several species are of medicinal importance. The high morphological diversity among the species of the genus Verbascum causes problems in the delimitation of the species. In this study, morphological, anatomical, palynological and seed properties of Verbascum exuberans were investigated. It is a local endemic restricted to the provinces of Manisa and Izmir in West Anatolia. In the root cross-section, the xylem elements occupy a considerable area. The upper part of the epidermis cells in the stem cross-section is covered a distinct cuticle layer. The main vein of the leaf is shapped as bicollateral bundle. Idioblasts were not observed in the epidermis of the leaves of V. exuberans. Seeds of V. exuberans are dark brown and oblong to prismatic and alveolate. Hilum is short and orbicular. The seed coat ornamentation is reticulate-rugose. Pollen grains usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, prolate, tricolpate. Tectum is reticulate.

ABSTRACT: In this study, we give a geometric description of the tracheal elements of the chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.), which is a widespread cultivated plant in Turkey. It is used as an edible plant and its leaves are used as antidiabetic in traditional medicine plant. We have shown that the tracheal elements, which are taxonomic value of the plant, can be considered as a surface of revolution or a tubular shape along a special curve.

En este estudio, se investigaron los efectos interactivos de las variables del proceso: concentración de ácido nítrico, la cantidad de zinc disuelta en la batería y el tiempo de reacción sobre la eficiencia de la disolución de zinc metálico en soluciones de ácido nítrico aplicando la metodología de superficie de respuesta (RSM). Se encontró que la eficiencia de disolución aumentaba al aumentar la concentración de ácido nítrico y el tiempo de reacción y disminuía al hacerlo la cantidad de zinc. Se aplicó el análisis de regresión múltiple a los datos experimentales para observar los efectos interactivos de los parámetros experimentales. Se obtuvo la ecuación polinomial de segundo orden. Las condiciones experimentales óptimas se determinaron mediante el uso del módulo de optimización en el software Design-Expert, y se encontraron diferentes puntos de solución.

The purpose of this study is to adapt the Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA) scale into Turkish and study its validity and reliability. The original form of the scale has a single-factor structure and consists of 34 items. The study sample was composed of a total of 322 candidate teachers studying in the School of Education. Three items with fit values below 0.30 from the corrected item-total correlation were excluded from the scale and the analyses were conducted on the remaining 31 items. The construct validity of the scale was confirmed as a single factor through the Mplus software. Cronbach’s alpha for the scale was 0.94, indicating that the scale also has a high level of reliability in the Turkish form. No significant differences were detected between male and female participants’ speaking anxiety scores.

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study is to determine the healthy lifestyle behaviors and e-health literacy levels of adolescents. Method A descriptive research design was used in this study. It was conducted with a total of 390 students in the Faculty of Health Sciences. The data were collected using a personal information form, the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II and the e-Health Literacy Scale for Adolescents. For data analysis, descriptive analyses, t-test, variance, Kruskal-Wallis, the Mann-Whitney U and Pearson Correlation tests were used. Necessary approvals were obtained to conduct this study. Results The present study found that the e-Health Literacy Scale mean score of adolescents was 27.51 and their HLBS-II mean score was 129.01. A positive significant relationship was found between the e-health literacy and healthy lifestyle behavior in adolescents. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of e-health literacy in developing nursing procedures designed to increase the healthy lifestyle behaviors of adolescents.

This research has focused on determining the levels of optimism, stress and emotional exhaustion of health care workers related to COVID-19 and the effect of optimism directly and indirectly (through job stress) on emotional exhaustion caused by Covid-19. The data were collected through an online questionnaire with optimism, job stress and emotional exhaustion scales arranged according to COVID-19. The data collected from 169 health care workers working in a city in Turkey were analysed using different statistical programs. The findings obtained has shown that the employees are quite optimistic in this process, and they have also experienced stress and emotional exhaustion even though their levels are lower than optimism. Also, it has been determined that being optimistic despite COVID-19 affects emotional exhaustion caused by COVID-19 both directly and indirectly through work stress. Therefore, the level of optimism in this process has reduced the emotional exhaustion caused by COVID-19; however, this decrease was felt stronger through stress. These findings have contributed to both healthcare managers and relevant official institutions, and to researches related to COVID-19.

ABSTRACT: In this presented work, the pollen morphologies of twenty-one taxa, nine of them endemic from Turkey, belonging to the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae: sub-family Nepetoideae: tribe Mentheae: sub-tribe Salviinae), S. aethiopis L., S. argentea L., S. aytachii Vural & Adigüzel, S. blepharochlaena Hedge & Hub.-Mor., S. cadmica Boiss., S. ceratophylla L., S. cryptantha Montbret & Aucher, S. frigida Boiss., S. fructicosa Miller, S. halophile Hedge, S. napifolia Jacq., S. microstegia Boiss. & Bal., S. recognita Fisch. & Mey. S. sclarea L., S. smyrnaea Boiss. S. suffruticosa Montbret & Aucher, S. tchihatcheffii (Fisch. & Mey.) Boiss., S. tometosa Bertol, S. verbenaca L., S. viridis L., and S. wiedemanni Boiss. and collected throughout the Turkey, have been intensively studied by using light (LM) and a scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. The objectives of this study are to investigate the pollen morphologies of twenty-one taxa of Turkish Salvia (nine of which are endemic) and to present similar and different characteristics of the taxa. The investigated whole pollen grains had a structure of both isopolar and radial symmetry. Overall, types of aperture were mostly hexacolpate, but it was also determined that the aperture type of S. viridis was both hexacolpate and octacolpate. The pollen grains had characteristic shapes of spheroidal, suboblate, prolate and subprolate. The exine ornamentation was bireticulate and reticulate-perforate. It was determined by the results of palynological studies that pollen morphology changed amongst these studied taxa. As a conclusion, the results of the present study show that palynological characters such as pollen shape, polar axis length (P), equatorial axis length (E), aperture numbers and types and exine ornamentation, exhibit remarkable differences amongst the studied taxa.

ABSTRACT In the present study, Ornithogalum narbonense, O. montanum, O. wiedemannii, O. sigmoideum and O. lanceolatum species were compared statistically with respect to anatomical characters. Some differences were found in root, stem and leaf anatomy of the species. These differences and similarities were indicated in this study. A big metaxylem was present in all root cross sections, except for O. lanceolatum, which has three metaxylema. 2-3 layered annular type collenchyma were present in all species. Aerenchyma is present in all mesophiles.

ABSTRACT In this study, petiol anatomy of 17 Salvia sp. taxa were compared statistically. In all the studied taxa, some differences were found in the petiole shape, number of vascular bundles and the presence of chlorenchyma. Anatomical variations in 17 Salvia taxa have been investigated by means of numerical methods (Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation). By the analysis of the investigated taxa from 17 leaf anatomy related characters, it has been determined that epidermis width and trachea diameter are the best character pairs which represent the variations in them. It has been also found that the results from numerical analysis of the leaf anatomy characters can provide additional evidences that correspond to the anatomy for the recognition of the taxa.

The main objective of this study is to determine the degree of ethical leadership behaviours of school administrators according to teachers’ opinions. As a quantitative research, this study was carried out in the academic year of 2010-2011 with 371 teachers who were employed in elementary schools. Ethical Leadership Questionnaire developed by Langlois (2007) has been used in the research. Findings of study reveal that as the year of seniority increases, more teachers think that administrators act within the ethical standards. Teachers’ opinions about school administrators’ ethical leadership behaviours do not differentiate according to the teachers’ gender variable. However; in terms of branch variable, a significant difference is observed in teachers’ opinions about their school administrators’ ethical leadership behaviours when they faced with an ethical problem. Class teachers’ opinions are more positive than branch teachers’ opinions regarding school administrators’ ethical leadership behaviours. Results indicate that teachers think that their school administrators often faced with an ethical dilemma while deciding upon personnel issues. This study concludes that establishing written ethical codes for school administrators may help them to make decisions with integrity, fairness, and in a more ethical manner especially about personnel issues.

Los niños con autismo generalmente muestran dificultad tanto en la comunicación como en el aprendizaje de idiomas. En este estudio, las interfaces interactivas diseñadas para ayudar a los niños con autismo a satisfacerlos con la educación digital. Interfac es son utilizables y coloridos, hace una enorme contribución en las aplicaciones educativas desde el período de la primera infancia en. Función de explicación lingüística se integró a las interfaces en la plataforma móvil con la ayuda de un cuento para per mitir a los niños a aprender objetos y sus funciones. Jugará un rol activo con el desarrollo del lenguaje para los estudiantes de la primera infancia. En la transmisión audible del cuento, al poner en primer plano la presentación objetiva, el equivalente d e las imágenes del objeto se emparejaron con las voces. Mediante el uso de la correspondencia entre voz y objeto que se conoce como el método natural en la enseñanza de lenguas, la actualización del comportamiento esperado se apoya proporcionando libertad de iteración individual. La disponibilidad de la plataforma se prueba con un grupo de usuarios expertizado y el nivel de usabilidad de la plataforma se detectó con la escala de usabilidad del sistema (SUS). Muestra que la usabilidad y practicidad del model o prototipo tiene una buena eficacia, eficiencia y satisfacción basada en la evaluación de expertos.

The lipophilic vitamin and fatty acid profiles were determined in five edible seaweeds: Corallina elongata J. Ellis & Solander, 1786; Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, 1820; Jania rubens (Linnaeus) J.V. Lamouroux, 1816; Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux, 1813 and Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh, 1820. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were the major fatty acid group, and16:0 formed the highest SFA content (34–40%). 16:0 was higher in the brown seaweeds (C. barbata, 40.55%; S. vulgare, 37.11%) than in the red seaweeds (C. elongata, 36.5%; L. obtusa, 34.57%; J. rubens, 34.22%). The other major fatty acids in the seaweeds were 18:1n-9 and 16:1n-7 from MUFA in the analyzed species. In addition, EPA was found in significant levels in the red seaweeds, whereas DHA was not detected in the analyzed species. The findings showed that difference among species were not statistically significant (p = 0.09–0.11), yet differences between two families (Sargassaceae and Corallinaceae) were significant (p = 0.006) in the fatty acid profile (p < 0.01). Also, differences between the Corallinaceae and Rhomomelaceae families were partially significant (p = 0.011–0.013) (p < 0.01). K1 and K2 vitamins as well as δ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol and retinol acetate were determined to be present in the seaweed extracts. Finally, ergosterol, stigmasterol and ß-sitosterol were found in all samples in differing ratios per species.

ABSTRACT: In this study, the morphological and anatomical features were investigated of three taxon of Hippocrepis L. species which spreading naturally in Turkey. In the morphological part of the study, H. unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa’s stem is erect or decumbent. The species H. ciliata’s Willd. stem is erect. H. multisiliquosa’s L. stem is decumbent. The fruit of H. multisiliquosa is much more convoluted than the other two taxa. There are cilia on the fruit of H. ciliata, but there are not found any cilia the other two taxa. The stem anatomy of all the studied taxa is hexagonal. In the stem cross section of H. ciliata 12-14 vascular bundle are found, H. unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa 12-15 and H. multisiliquosa 12-13. Leaf vascular bundles are arranged regularly, H. unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa have 18-20, H. ciliata have 6-8, H. multisiliquosa have 9-13 vascular bundles.

ABSTRACT In the present study Scilla luciliae, S. forbesii, S. sardensis, S. siehei, Scilla x allenii and S. bifolia are compared anatomically. Some differences have been found in root, scape, and leaf anatomy of the taxa, and commented. S. luciliae, S. forbesii, S. sardensis and S. siehei have a metaxylem at the center of the root, others have 3-4 number metaxylem. Vascular bundles in two row in S. luciliae and S. forbesii in a single row in S. sardensis, Scilla x allenii and S. bifolia though in three rows in S. siehei. Aerenchyma tissue is present in mesophyll of five taxa leaf except S. sardensis. The anatomical variations in the taxa have been investigated by means of numerical methods (Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation). By the analysis of the investigated taxa from 12 anatomy related characters, it has been also found that the results from numerical analysis of anatomy characters can provide additional evidences, which correspond to the anatomy for the recognition of the taxa.

ABSTRACT The seed (nutlet) morphology of four Onobrychis Miller (Fabaceae: subfamily Papilionoideae, Section Hymenobrychis DC.) taxa from Turkey, including three endemic taxa, was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Onobrychis tournefortii, O. galegifolia, O. cappadocica, O. albiflora. The seed examined exhibited variation in size, shape, colour, and surface sculpturing. Seed size ranged between 4.0-5.2 mm length and 2.0-3.6 mm width. Observed shapes included; ellipticus anguste asymmtricus reniformis, Ovatus anguste asymmetricus reniformis and ellipticus reniformis. Seed surface sculpturing revealed two distinct types: reticulate and rugulate. Species of Onobrychisare generally similar and confused with those of Hedysarumduring the identification process. Seed surface micromorphology can suggest taxonomical diagnostic characters for distinguishing species. Many of these characteristics are diagnostic at both the generic and specific levels.

La ulexita es uno de los minerales de boro, que incluye una cantidad considerable de agua de hidratación. Se puede usar como materia prima en la producción de compuestos de boro. Una parte del agua existente en la composición química de la ulexita puede eliminarse de la matriz sólida aplicando tratamiento de deshidratación que permite obtener una estructura porosa, que aumenta la velocidad de reacción. En el presente trabajo, se estudió el efecto de la temperatura de deshidratación sobre la cinética de disolución de ulexita en soluciones de sulfato de amonio, en un reactor discontinuo estudiando los parámetros de concentración de solución, relación sólido/líquido, velocidad de agitación y la temperatura de reacción. Se determinó que la velocidad de disolución del material calcinado aumentaba al aumentar la concentración de la solución y la temperatura de reacción y con la disminución de la relación de sólido/líquido. La velocidad de disolución más alta se alcanzó con la muestra calcinada a 150 °C. Se encontró que la velocidad de disolución se ajusta al modelo pseudohomogéneo de primer orden. La energía de activación del proceso de disolución se estimó en 42 kJ·mol-1.

This study tries to understand how Brazil and Argentina, two countries with chronically high inflation, achieved permanent stabilization by looking at political factors necessary for stabilization. It suggests that, although state autonomy or political unity may contribute to successful price stabilization, reconciling the interests of different stakeholders and thereby building a broad political support base is more essential for stabilization to succeed. Political skills of the leaders and compensatory policies may help raise such support and they are more crucial where other political conditions are less favorable. Also, rapid improvement in the economy is important for sustained political support, and thus, for successful stabilization.

ABSTRACT In this study, glandular and aglandular hairs were examined and compared numerically in the vegatative and reproductive organs of Salvia viridis, Salvia verticillata subsp. amasiaca, Salvia virgata, Phlomis pungens var. pungen, Phlomis pungens var. hispida, Stachys cretica subsp. anatolica, Stachys cretica subsp. smyrnaea, Teucrium scordium subsp. scordioides. It has been observed that all taxa which are collected Western and Northern Anatolia have glandular hairs and aglandular hairs of various shapes, size and modes of secretion. The hairs variations in eight Lamiaceae taxa were been investigated by means of numerical methods (Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation). It was also found that the results from numerical analysis of the hairs characters can provide additional evidences for the recognition of the taxa.