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Hepatozoonosis caused by H. Canis is a hemoparasitic disease transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. In vertebrate hosts, the disease primarily occurs through ingestion of the hemoparasite or its components. Hepatozoon spp. infection typically remains subclinical, only becoming diagnosed upon microscopic observation of the hemoparasite during blood smear analysis. However, in certain instances, moderate or severe clinical manifestations may occur. Due to limited research focusing on Hepatozoonosis, diagnosis can present challenges, as well as selecting the appropriate test to confirm it, with PCR being considered the preferred method for detection. A two-and-a-half-month-old Golden Retriever puppy was examined, exhibiting symptoms of vomiting, lethargy, bloody diarrhea, anorexia, and hyperthermia (39°C - 102,2°F). Diagnosis was confirmed by observation of Hepatozoon spp. parasites in the blood smear, alongside severe anemia, presence of microagglutination, and elevated total protein levels. The treatment was initiated with Doxycycline, and following the patient´s improvement, the owner opted to proceed with castration and subsequently administer two doses of Imidocarb Dipropionate at 5mg/kg with a 14-day interval.

El uso de animales en experimentación científica está regulado por normativas diseñadas para garantizar la ética y el bienestar de los animales. A nivel mundial las regulaciones varían, pero muchos países como Argentina adoptan directrices establecidas por organizaciones internacionales como la Oficina de Protección de los Derechos de los Animales, EE.UU. (Animal Welfare Office) y el Instituto Nacional de Salud, EE.UU. (National Institute of Health). Los protocolos que se elaboran teniendo en cuenta las recomendaciones de estas entidades deben ser revisados por comités de ética para asegurarse que se cumplan con los estándares internacionales. En resumen, las pautas actuales buscan equilibrar el avance científico con la ética, asegurando que el uso de animales en investigación sea racional, humanitario y respetando el bienestar animal. Palabras clave: Animales de experimentación, bienestar animal, ética, investigación preclínica. Abstract The use of animals in scientific experiments is regulated by guidelines designed to ensure ethics and welfare of animals. Regulations vary around the world, but many countries, such as Argentina, follow guidelines established by international organizations such as the US Office of Animal Welfare and the US National Institutes of Health. Protocols developed using the recommendations of these entities must be reviewed by ethics committees to ensure that they follow international standards. In summary, the current guidelines seek to strike a balance between scientific progress and ethics, ensuring that the use of animals in research is rational, humane and respects animal welfare. Key words: Animal welfare, ethics, experimental animals, preclinical research.

The list of cool-season forage recommendations for wildlife in this publication includes varieties that have been tested and are known to perform well in Florida.

La crónica modernista contiene las tensiones de una modernidad precipitada, dispareja e irreversible en América Latina y en Europa. Rubén Darío fue un cronista que halló en éstas y otras tensiones su salvoconducto a la modernidad literaria. En este artículo exploro las inadvertidas negociaciones que Darío entabla con una transformación profunda que trae la modernidad y que tanto él como sus contemporáneos apenas avizoraron. En el cambio de siglo, el animal doméstico pasa a ocupar una nueva posición en relación con el humano que se traduce, para Darío, en una aprensiva cercanía. En la capital francesa, una serie de cambios en las políticas de salubridad empujan la creación, en las afueras de la ciudad, del primer cementerio de animales domésticos de Europa. Darío, siempre a la saga de las innovaciones, visita esta heterotopía y narra sus impresiones, reparos, antipatías y concesiones en una crónica que se llamó “Duelos cínicos”, publicada originalmente en La Nación en 1902. En este artículo exploro las transacciones que Darío ensaya con esta nueva proximidad animal. Abstract The modernist chronicle bears the strains of a rushed, uneven and irreversible modernity in Latin America and Europe. Rubén Darío was a chronicler who encountered in these and other tensions his safe passage to literary modernity. In this article, I explore the unnoticed negotiations that Darío enters into with a major transformation that modernity brings and that he and his contemporaries barely glimpsed. At the turn of the century, the domestic animal began to occupy a new position in relation to the human that translated, for Darío, into an apprehensive nearness. In the French capital, a series of changes in health policies led to the creation, on the outskirts of the city, of the first cemetery for domestic animals in Europe. Darío, always seeking innovations, visits this heterotopia and narrates his impressions, concerns, antipathies and concessions in a chronicle called “Duelos cínicos”, originally published in La Nación in 1902. In this article I explore the transactions that Darío attempts with this new animal proximity. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12795598

The Chilean Patagonia is characterized by extensive protected areas that encompass most of the region. Mammals are often among the priorities for these protected areas either as conservation targets (e.g., threatened species) or as threats (e.g., invasive species). Camera traps offer a cost-effective alternative to monitor these species, however baseline studies are scarce in the region. Therefore, our objective was to provide an assessment of camera-trapping detection rates for mammals that are present in protected areas of Magallanes, Chilean Patagonia. Between 2015 and 2022 we installed 278 camera traps (9,936 trap-days), distributed in seven protected areas. For each protected area, we calculated the detection rates and proportion of camera traps that detected each species. We recorded 18 mammalian species, including ten native, four domestic, and four invasive species. The culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) was the most frequently detected species, followed by invasive European hare (Lepus europaeus) and puma (Puma concolor). Endangered species like the huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) and southern river otter (Lontra provocax) were detected infrequently, whereas beaver (Castor canadensis) and American mink (Neogale vison) were only recorded in cameras that targeted them. From our data we suggest that generalist monitoring designs are likely to be effective for relatively common species like the culpeo fox. However, when species of interest are associated with specific features of the landscape (e.g., otters and water), other designs are needed. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations for the design of camera- trapping monitoring plans in protected areas.

This article analyses three stories from the book De fronteras by Salvadoran writer Claudia Hernández: Mediodía de fronteras, Carretera sin buey and Lázaro, el buitre, in the light of Kafka’s animal narratives in which conventional human perspectives on animals and animality are subverted, thus configuring a gaze of their own. A gaze that in Hernández’s stories, through the narrator’s voice, allows us to imagine a symbiosis between the animal and the human.

The aim of this article is to analyse the identity construction of companion animal owners in French digital commemorative discourse. The study is based on homages to animals published on the website of the French pro-animal organization 30 millions d’amis. The issue is being examined in relation to the speaking legitimacy of the subject and to the communication situation, which leads to the distinction of two fundamental components of their identity construction: intimate identity and situation of mourning. The study underlines community character of the commemorative discourse devoted to animals, its high level of pathemization and presence of attitudes of engagement and dramatization.

Considering performances with animals such as Going to the Dogs (Wim T. Schippers, 1986), Octavio and I (Linda Molenaar, 2010), Performances for Pets (Juurak/ Bailey 2014) and A Performance With an Ocean View (for a Dog) (Kokkonnen, 2008), I argue that these works illustrate three emergent effects of performing with animals: challenging a binary and exclusionary view of co-presence in performance; determining a modification of the performer’s interaction with a non- human animal audience; reversing the humanization of the animal, by rehearsing an animalization of human agency.

Over the past half century, the human population has seen a significant increase in the proportion of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation. One of the urgent problems of radiobiology is the establishment of the natural radiosensitivity of the organism, which provides the possibility of predicting the remote consequences of radiation exposure. The general condition of animals after ionizing radiation and the changes caused by this radiation largely determine the functioning of muscle tissue, which plays an important role in ensuring the vital activity of the body. The leading pathogenetic factor of radiation damage to the body is a violation of the metabolism and structural organization of enzymatic systems, due to which a sequence of biochemical processes and compartmentalization of enzyme systems change, and their solubilization increases. Additionally, it is extremely important to understand the detailed mechanisms of energy supply for the functioning of muscle tissue in the body of intact animals. The purpose of the work is to determine the pathophysiological significance of creatinekinase and lactatedehydrogenase in the mechanisms of adaptation of the body of the descendants of intact rats to the influence of a stress factor by studying changes in the activity of creatinekinase and lactatedehydrogenase in the blood and muscle system. A characteristic feature of creatine metabolism in 1-month-old pup rats was shown to be the low content of creatine and creatinine in skeletal and cardiac muscles against the background of low activity of the creatine phosphokinase enzyme in these muscles and its sharp increase in blood. Expressed hypercreatinuria and hypocreatininuria are registered in the blood of 1-month-old pup rats, which can be realized due to the strengthening of biosynthetic processes against the background of the inability of muscle tissue to fix these metabolites. In the skeletal and cardiac muscles of intact 1-month-old pup rats, the activity of creatine phosphokinase is decreased due to the decrease in the activity of the MM -isoform of the enzyme. The investigated metabolic processes in the muscle system of intact animals were shown to be extremely sensitive to the altering influence of ionizing radiation. The authors stressed that understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of adaptation of the muscular system to the probable influence of a stressful radiation factor, we can draw a conclusion about the depth and severity of the pathological process based on the state of the enzyme systems, and we consider the determination of enzymatic tests in the blood to be important in diagnostic and prognostic aspects.

A recent attitudinal change towards animals has led many people to recognize their family structures as multispecies families, that is, a family composed of human members and animals of other species, united by affective ties, and solidarity, in a horizontal relationship, and even where there is mutual recognition. This social phenomenon requires that the legal concept of family, which today more than ever accepts the plurality of family structures, also includes multispecies families. The protection of multispecies families is necessary and possible if one considers that in Latin America today, a post-positivist legal system prevails that is aimed at protecting fundamental rights and freedoms. This legal system allows for a broad interpretation of rights such as the right to free development of personality and the right to family integrity, rights that already serve as foundational for the recognition and protection of multispecies families in Latin America.

Objective. Colistin is an antibiotic of last resort for treating serious Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, the misuse of colistin, especially as an animal growth promoter, has contributed to increasing antimicrobial resistance, mediated mainly through plasmid transfer of the mcr-1 gene. This study assessed the prevalence of phenotypic and molecular colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ecuador in healthy humans and their chickens and pigs. Methods. Fecal samples were collected from humans and their chickens and pigs in two rural coastal and Amazon regions between April and August 2020. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified using conventional techniques. Phenotypic resistance was determined using the broth microdilution technique, and the mcr-1 gene was detected using conventional polymerase chain reaction. Results. A total of 438 fecal samples were obtained from 137 humans, 147 pigs and 154 chickens. The prevalence of E. coli isolates was 86.3% (378/438) and K. pneumoniae, 37.4% (164/438). Overall, the mcr-1 gene was found in 90% (340/378) of E. coli isolates, with higher prevalences found in isolates from coastal regions (96.5%, 191/198), humans (95.6%, 111/116) and chickens (91.8%, 123/134); for K. pneumoniae, the gene was found in 19.5% (32/164) of isolates, with equal distribution between regions and hosts. Only four isolates, two E. coli and two K. pneumoniae, showed phenotypic resistance: mcr-1 was present in both E. coli strains but absent in the K. pneumoniae strains. Conclusions. Despite a low prevalence of phenotypic resistance to colistin, the high prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in E. coli is of concern. Ecuador’s ban on using colistin in animal husbandry must be enforced, and continual monitoring of the situation should be implemented.

Context: Fluazuron is an arthropod growth regulator drug for the control and treatment of parasitic infection in bovines by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, one of the most important parasites for livestock due to the great economic losses. Aims: To quantitative and confirmatory ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UHPLC) method was developed to determine fluazuron in bovine tissues (muscle, fat, liver, and kidney) to assess drug residues. Methods: Tissue samples were extracted with liquid phase extraction performed with acetonitrile. The chromatography (UHPLC) was performed using a C18 column (100 Å, 5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm) maintained at 37°C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:water 65:35 v/v with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The UV wavelength was set at 260 nm, and the injection volume was 100 μL for all worked tissues (injection site, muscle, fat, liver, and kidney). Results: Validated analytical method exhibited a linear relationship over the range of 50–800 ng/g for muscle, including injection site, 125–2000 ng/g for kidney and liver, and 1750–28000 ng/g for fat, with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.99 in all cases. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of fluazuron in muscle and injection site samples was 50 ng/g with a coefficient of variation (%CV) of 6.40%. The recovery percentage for fluazuron was greater than 75% in all the target tissues. Conclusions: The extraction, separation, and quantification UHPLC method was valid to determine fluazuron in bovine tissues as well as for studies of drug residues in these animals.

Biochemical processes occurring in a living organism take part in the development of radiation-induced structural disorders, realizing primary damage. As a result, morphological manifestations of radiation damage are preceded by chemical shifts determining them. In the descendants of animals irradiated in different doses, a decrease in physical performance is observed, which is due to a violation of the efficiency of the use of the unique biosubstrate of muscle tissue - creatinephosphate, a change in the ratio of the activity of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, and processes of trans-deamination of amino acids. The purpose of the work is to investigate the the mechanisms of disruption of metabolic processes in the muscle tissue of the descendants of irradiated animals. It was concluded that, unlike skeletal muscle, the activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, in particular the NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, in the myocardium is quite significant both in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria of the tissue, as evidenced by the higher level of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites acids - malic and oxaloacetic, as well as the activity of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase, which performs a connecting role between glycolysis and the cycle of tricarboxylic acids in providing them with metabolites and transferring protons from NADH+H+ to NADP. The author revealed that myocardium is characterized by a larger pool of adenyl nucleotides due to ATP. Tha data obrtained shiowed hyperglycemia which is observed in the blood of the descendants of irradiated animals. Gluconeogenesis is enhanced in the liver of the descendants of irradiated animals and this explains the hyperglycemia and accumulation of glycogen in the liver. At the same time, the penetration of glucose into muscle cells is weakened, which is associated with a decrease in their glycogen content, and this can be explained by the decrease in adaptation to physical exertion in the descendants of irradiated animals. The author made a cionclusion that the pathophysiological mechanisms of radiation-induced energy supply restructuring are aimed at short-term processes of strengthening the supply of energy to vital organs and systems for destroyed biochemical, physiological, functional and regulatory processes restoration and sanogenetic mechanisms activation.

Existing types of muscles differ not only structurally, but also metabolically (direction of energy exchange, choice of biosubstrates, dependence on the action of mediators, hormones, etc.). A number of studies have been devoted to the study of the impact of ionizing radiation on metabolism in muscle tissue. After irradiation, thickened muscle cells with enlarged nuclei appear in the heart muscle, the number of which does not decrease for 6 months, which indicates a violation of nuclear-cytoplasmic relations in myocardial cells. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase which ensures the utilization of cytoplasmic oxaloacetate and its transformation into phosphoenolpyruvate, completes the initial stage of gluconeogenesis and can limit the rate of gluconeogenesis from lactate. It should be emphasized that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is more active in skeletal muscles, where the activity of pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase is increased. The purpose of the work is to investigate the peculiarities of the relationship between the terminal site of glycolysis and the initial segment of gluconeogenesis in the myocardium and skeletal muscles of animals irradiated at different doses. The authors proved that in animals irradiated at a dose of 0.5 Gy, the activity of pyruvate kinase in the myocardium and skeletal muscle increases compared to intact animals. In the blood, on the contrary, there is a decrease in the activity of this enzyme compared to intact animals. When animals are irradiated at a dose of 1.0 Gy, diametrically opposite changes are observed. When animals are irradiated at a dose of 0.5 Gy, there is a slight decrease in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the myocardium and blood against the background of an increase in the activity of this enzyme in skeletal muscle. Irradiation of animals at a dose of 1.0 Gy leads to an acute increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity in the myocardium and skeletal muscle. The data obtained revealed that in animals irradiated at a dose of 0.5 Gy, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in skeletal muscle increases, while in cardiac muscle, on the contrary, its activity decreases as well as in blood. With an increase in the radiation dose to 1.0 Gy, diametrically opposite changes in the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase are observed. The authors concluded that outlined changes in the waу of intramuscular glycolysis and gluconeogenesis reactions show the pathophysiologcal mechanisms of biochemical supply restructuring as the result of ionizing irradiation influence. From the fundamental point of view these results show the direction of pathophysiologically oriented pharmacological correction of radiation-provoked muscle disturbances.

Writing about nonhuman animals in Latin American literature, Gabriel Giorgi states that novels in which nonhuman animals are neither rhetorical figures nor images, but appear as non-figurative bodies, attest to a ‘crisis of the animal-form.’ This way of presenting the bodies of nonhuman animals coincides with a growing interest in the representation of the ecological crisis threatening life on Earth. Indeed, in contexts of environmental degradation and vulnerability, new forms of interspecies encounters emerge. The novels of Brazilian author Ana Paula Maia depict such encounters and suggest possible, albeit troubling, means of acknowledging nonhuman agency. This article examines how Maia’s novel De Gados e Homens (2014) presents the possibility of nonhuman agency through the eyes of Edgar Wilson, a slaughterhouse worker. To understand Edgar’s standpoint, it is necessary to address his context. Thus, this paper’s first section analyzes the polluted Valley and the slaughterhouse which jointly serve as the novel’s setting. The second section studies how, in that marginal and isolated environment, the slaughterhouse worker’s ethical encounter with the cow’s face renders him response-able. Finally, the third section examines how Maia’s novel suggests bovine agency and explains why the slaughterer is the only character psychologically open to this possibility.

Abstract The giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is a semiaquatic carnivore and a top predator in the trophic chain, considered a sentinel of freshwater ecosystems. Ticks are common ectoparasites of worldwide distribution and potential vectors of diseases. In this study, we report the ectoparasitism by ticks on a giant otter carcass found during monitoring activity at the Negro River, that holds a viable population of this endangered species in the Brazilian Pantanal. A total of three tick specimens were collected: two adults were identified as Amblyomma sculptum and a nymph as Amblyomma spp. There is a lack of information about the health of free-ranging giant otters and this report contributes to elucidate some of the host-parasite relationships, although much more research is needed to expand the knowledge about which kinds of pathogens are circulating in the species, especially among those transmitted by ticks.

Objective: To characterize biodiversity and determine the evolution of complexity in La Palma farm, in the El Roque town, Perico municipality, Matanzas, Cuba. Materials and Methods: The evolution of animal and plant biodiversity was quantified in the farm. Margalef and Shannon indexes (H ́) and the degree of complexity of biodiversity, which considers five components: noxious, functional, introduced functional, auxiliary and productive, were determined during three years (2017-2019). Results: The inventory recorded several species of animals and plants in the farm. The main function of the animals was to produce milk and meat, animal traction and transport, mainly horses. Chicken and sheep are used for family food and dogs are used as pets. As for the plant component, the presence of species for human and animal feeding was analyzed, distributed in areas of multipurpose trees (fruit trees, timber and feed), staple crops and forage. According to the evaluation scale, the Shannon index (1,81-2,57), as well as the Margalef index (2,22-2,82), showed a value in the range considered as moderate. Regarding the complexity analysis, during 2017 and 2018, the farm was classified as not very complex, and evolved to moderately complex in 2019. Conclusions: The farm showed in the years of study increased biodiversity, of plants as well as animals. The evolution of the complexity of the farm, from low to moderately complex, according to the scale used, facilitated the formation of a strategic plan for the farmer to follow and be able to reverse the situation of his farm until it could be taken to the maximum scale (highly complex).

Justificación: En Colombia, el comercio de especies de fauna silvestre sin la documentación necesaria es prohibido por ley, por lo que, en el contexto de una investigación penal sobre venta de reptiles a través de internet, como parte de una diligencia de allanamiento y registro, se realizó el procesamiento del lugar de los hechos. Objetivo: realizar la asignación taxonómica más probable utilizando análisis genético en muestras biológicas recolectadas del lugar de los hechos para establecer la presencia de reptiles, dada la ausencia de animales en el momento del allanamiento. Métodos: se recolectaron seis muestras biológicas que incluyeron un trozo de muda de piel, hisopados de superficies y materia fecal, para su posterior procesamiento siguiendo los protocolos de análisis establecidos. Se realizó extracción de ADN empleando sílice y se amplificó un marcador mitocondrial 12S-120pb; los fragmentos resultantes fueron secuenciados y las secuencias fueron comparadas con la información disponible en la base de datos Genbank mediante el algoritmo BLASTn. Resultados y discusión: a partir de los datos obtenidos de la comparación realizada, 100% de cobertura y 100% de identidad y tras analizar las características de cada grupo taxonómico y la información genética disponible se realizó la asignación taxonómica. En la muestra de muda de piel se encontró dificultad para la amplificación y secuenciación de todo el fragmento, lo que limitó el empleo de marcadores de mayor tamaño, sin embargo, a partir de la información obtenida se logró la identificación de la especie Boa constrictor (boa común); en el caso de la materia fecal y los hisopados se determinó la presencia de muestras provenientes de grupos taxonómicos comúnmente empleados para alimentación de algunas especies de reptiles, como Mus musculus (ratón común) y el género Rattus (especies de ratas). Conclusión: El marcador mitocondrial 12S-120pb empleado en este caso resultó exitoso para la obtención de secuencias a partir de muestras forenses, sin embargo, la utilización de cualquier marcador para la asignación taxonómica depende en gran medida de la información disponible y las características propias de cada grupo taxonómico.

A “hunting question”, defined as the regulation of hunting and forms of wildlife protection, began to take shape in Europe in the second half of the 19th century and in Italy gave rise to a lively and interesting debate. The article illustrates its main issues and shows how the problem of hunting acted as a link between movements for animal protection and those for the protection of the environment. Moreover it sheds light on how the “hunting question” was also important for the consolidation of the first forms of sensitivity to nature and living species. In relation to Italy in the years between the 19th and 20th centuries, the article analyzes the battles of the animal protection societies against the “inhuman hunting” and the “bird massacre”, the positions and objectives of the naturalist movement, the main concrete results of these mobilizations.

This paper departs from a critical animal studies perspective—that is a perspective critical with speciesist anthropocentrism—in order to problematize public relations by industries harming other animals. To this end, it reviews the ethical and theoretical frameworks raised by critical public relations in order to adopt a critical stance towards what we call here “lobbying against compassion”—the practice of public relations, mainly lobbying, to justify the exploitation of nonhuman animals by some industries. We first examine the role of compassion as a strong motivator for prosocial behaviours as discussed by philosophy and social psychology. Second, we examine compassion towards animals from the lens of public relations and communication. Third, we conduct a literature review to identify the ethical frameworks raised by previous critical public relations literature, which can also be used to justify the cultivation of compassion toward other animals. Finally, we argue that an ethics of persuasion that incorporates compassion towards the suffering of other animals—and therefore avoids endorsing animal suffering—is unavoidable for public relations theory and practice to be ethically reinforced.

The article explores Antonella Anedda’s works from a post-anthropocentric perspective within the theoret-ical framework of ecocriticism. After mentioning some of the most relevant concepts and ideas connected with these lively approaches in interdisciplinary studies, it presents a brief and deliberately ongoing introduction to an outline of observations on the poet’s production, considering the key eco-categories such as animals, plants and space.

An urgent problem today is not only the study of changes in the stability of the genome of somatic cells, the clarification of the mechanisms of its destabilization under the influence of a complex of environmental factors, including radiation, but also the study of the possibility of hereditary transmission of these changes. In the modern experimental and clinical medicine, the most important problem is the harmful effect of ionizing radiation on the descendants of irradiated parents and the specifics of the effect of radiation on the developing organism. An important aspect of the problem of long-term post-radiation effects is the state of reproductive function and health of the descendants of the irradiated population, due to the physiological characteristics inherent to the mother and child - high sensitivity to the action of ionizing radiation, the consequences of which may manifest after a long period of imaginary well-being. The purpose of the work is to investigate the dynamics of body weight and hematological indiexes in the descendants of intact sexually mature animals and descendants born to animals irradiated at different doses, which were exposed to radiation at a dose of 1.0 Gy. The authors revealed that in descendants born to animals irradiated at different doses, which were exposed to radiation at a dose of 1.0 Gy, it was established that by the 30th day after irradiation at a dose of 1.0 Gy, the general condition of pup rats born from animals irradiated at a dose of 0.5 Gy and exposed to irradiation at a dose of 1.0 Gy is satisfactory against the background of an insignificant decrease in the body weight. This also applies to pup rats born to animals irradiated at a dose of 1.0 Gy, whose general condition slightly improves compared to the previous period of the study. The data obtained showed in the peripheral blood after 1 day in the descendants born to animals irradiated at a dose of 0.5 Gy, after irradiation at a dose of 1.0 Gy, a reduced content of hemoglobin and erythrocytes against the background of an increase in the content of platelets, leukocytes, lymphocytes and reticulocytes in comparison with non-irradiated animals, which was maintained throughout the experiment. Pronounced changes in hematological parameters were observed in the descendants born to animals irradiated at a dose of 1.0 Gy, which were exposed to total γ-irradiation at a dose of 1.0 Gy. The authors suppose their data are in favour of the pronounced adaptationof organisms’ regulatiory systems to ionizing irradiation effect that, firstly, outline the adaptative physiologcal mechanisms and, secondly, show the main launches of pathophysiologcial mechamisns in case of irradiation-induced hematological changes.

Animals have been valued and used to improve human physical and mental health since ancient times. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is a complementary approach to traditional medicine, involving trained animals. AAT can enhance cognition, commitment, character growth, and the learning process. Commonly used species in animal-assisted therapy include cats, dogs, horses, dolphins, and others. Feline-assisted therapy alleviates loneliness and stress, whereas canine-assisted therapy positively impacts emotions and overall well-being. Equine-assisted interventions benefit individuals with cognitive and motor disabilities. Dolphin-assisted therapy shows promise for conditions like autism and cerebral palsy. However, ethical concerns have arisen, particularly in children with behavioral disorders. Safety measures, adult supervision, and proper screening and hygiene practices are crucial in AAT programs. In conclusion, AAIs have a significant potential to enhance well-being and mental health across various contexts, but more research is needed to fully understand their effectiveness and safety in different settings and age groups. The existing literature consists of subjective accounts and inadequate methodologies.

Introduction: Xenotransplantology, the field of transplantation involving organs or tissues between different species, holds great promise for addressing the global organ shortage crisis. However, the development of new technologies without proper legislative preparation raises significant moral and ethical considerations. This paper provides an overview of the current state of xenotransplantology, highlighting its revolutionary potential alongside the moral dilemmas it entails. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to assess current social, ethical, religious, and legal trends regarding the issue of xenotransplantation. Materials and methods: To obtain up-to-date information concerning trends in xenotransplantation, a review of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, along with the latest legislative reports in both Europe and Poland, was performed. Conclusions: Firstly, the authors briefly report on the current situation concerning transplantology and the widely spread organ donor crisis. Next, the issue of species boundaries and the moral status of non-human animals is addressed. The assessment of ethical implications of utilizing animals as organ donors is examined, along with the legal acts regulating this issue. Moreover, the authors attempt to evaluate the cultural and religious differences related to this concern. Furthermore, this study discusses the allocation and distribution of xenotransplants, considering issues of justice, fairness, and access to this innovative medical technology. Lastly, the paper delves into the risks and uncertainties associated with xenotransplantation, including the possibility of cross-species disease transmission and intensified course of organ rejection disease.

The large-scale use of sources of ionizing radiation and related accidents caused a fundamentally new problem. The body's resistance to the influence of adverse environmental factors and the probability of pathological disorders are significantly determined by the state of adaptive systems. One of the general manifestations of adaptation is a change in motor activity, which is associated, in particular, with changes in the content of contractile proteins, muscle function, and muscle contraction. It is crucial to understand the detailed mechanisms of muscle tissue functioning in the body of intact animals and animals exposed to different doses of radiation because, in this case, preventive and curative/rehabilitative medical measures should be milder for muscle dysfunctions caused by ionizing radiation The purpose of the work is to investigate the effect of different doses of radiation on Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase and K+-ATPase activity of actomyosin and myosin in the mechanisms of intact and irradiated in different doses of sexually mature animals in order to find out the mechanisms of adaptation of the organism to the influence of stress factor by studying changes in the activity of Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase and K+-ATPase in the muscle system. The data obtained showed that irradiation at a dose of 0.5 Gy affects Mg2+,Ca2+-ATPase and K+-ATPase activity, however, these changes occur differently. K+-ATPase actomyosin activity in cardiac and skeletal muscles decreased starting from the 1st day of the experiment. Its gradual increase was observed only on the 30th day but still, it was smaller when compared with such an indicator in intact animals. It was proved that the Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase actomyosin activity in sexually mature animals irradiated at a dose of 1.0 Gy increased 1 day after irradiation in skeletal muscle. In сardiac muscle an acute increase in Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase actomyosin activity was observed on the 1st day and its decrease - by the 30th day. The conclusion was made that irradiation at a dose of 1.0 Gy is accompanied by skeletal muscle damage, as well as modification of the actomyosin protein complex, which is the major unit of muscle contraction. This leads to changes in its functional activity and is expressed in an increase in K+-ATPase actomyosin activity of muscles sensitive to irradiation. We assume such a mechanism of the effect of ionizing radiation on the actomyosin complex. The authors sure that a decrease in Mg2+, Ca2+-ATP-ase myosin activity as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation at a dose of 1.0 Gy can be caused by a violation of the structure of its active center since the ATPase center of pure myosin is free from interaction with actin, and that is why myosin appears more sensitive to the action of ionizing radiation.

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children and domestic animals from two peri-urban neighborhoods in Corrientes, Argentina. We also evaluated the characteristics of humans, socio-environmental features, and hygiene practices associated with the presence of parasites. Fecal samples were examined using techniques of concentration by sedimentation and flotation. The Graham method was used to diagnose Enterobius vermicularis eggs in children. We carried out the univariate and bivariate analysis of the data. We analyzed 58 dwellings, from which we obtained 146 stool samples from children and 101 from animals. We found at least one parasite species in 54 dwellings (93.1%). We found that 52.7% of children had parasites, mainly Blastocystis spp. (35.6%) and Giardia spp. (21.2%). We found that 67.32% of the animals had parasites, the most prevalent species being hookworms (60.7%). In conclusion, it is evident that the domestic environment can favor the transmission of these parasites.

Injuries caused by traumatic, poisonous and venomous animal are relatively common in the medical practice of many regions, especially in tropical countries, such as Brazil. These include morbid events caused by a wide variety of fish. Although they are generally of low severity, restricted to local manifestations of the place where the venom/poison comes into contact with the skin or mucosa, these illnesses can evolve to more severe conditions which, in rarer cases, can lead to death. The potential severity in some cases, along with the recent increase in the number of notifications, in different areas of the country, demonstrate the need for a better understanding of these events. Based on these considerations, the present article aims to review the literature on the main characteristics of trauma, poisoning and envenomation by fish in Brazil, with emphasis on the causative animals and on the pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of these morbid conditions.

Objective. This study was conducted retrospectively to assess the cystic echinococcosis status of farm animals from the samples sent to Samsun Veterinary Control Institute of the Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, between January 2016 and December 2022. Materials and Methods. A total of 818 sheep, 160 goats, and 990 cattle necropsy materials were examined macroscopically and histopathologically according to World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) guidelines. Cysts were detected in 61 of examined materials. Results. The rate of total cystic echinococcosis positivity in farm animals was found to be 3.1% in northern Türkiye. Cysts were detected in at least one of the liver and lungs. It was detected in the liver in 24 cases (39.3%), the lung in 23 cases (37.7%), and both the lung and liver in 11 cases (18%). In addition, cysts were found in both of lung and spleen (1 case), kidney and liver (1 case), and heart and liver (1 case). The positivity rate was higher in sheep than in other ruminants, and the difference with other ruminant species was statistically significant. (p

Abstract The Caribbean monk seal (Monachus tropicalis), the only seal species native to Central America, was declared extinct in 2008, with the last confirmed sighting in 1952. This species historically had a broad range throughout the gulf of Mexico. This article discusses the history of Western science on the monk seal, from its first recorded sighting by a Western colonizer in 1492 to scientific collection in the 1800s and 1900s, as a history of the erasure of this species. Museum practices of collecting and displaying Caribbean monk seals have directly contributed to this erasure, and ways of writing a new history by giving the Caribbean monk seal the capacity to refuse erasure are suggested.

Abstract This article presents the first history of Colombian zoos and one of the few contributions to the history of these institutions in Latin America. It proposes that in this region’s zoos native animals tended to predominate, signaling the increasing transformation of forests and other native ecosystems into croplands and pasturelands, as well as the growing distance between people and natural environments. Colombian zoos additionally underscore the limitations of the State in its period of most rapid expansion. They reveal how private interests overshadowed the State by providing public amenities, but also how they offered unconventional solutions to certain hurdles of State formation.

Why do conservation policies fail to prevent species extinctions and die-offs in contravention of stated intentions and goals? Bringing together a range of literature, including political ecology, political theory, conservation science, communication theory and environmental communication with original data, this article explores this question, then addresses these failures within Aotearoa New Zealand's context. Using the New Zealand case, it offers a systems-level view of these failures, focusing on the influences and limitations that arise from the political-economic structures, fractured governance, interest group influence, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in representative democracies. Secondly, in these settings, we argue that communication and framing by the interested parties—politicians, government officials, interest groups and NGOs—buttress this system, partly by normalizing it, obscuring scientific realities, shifting focus away from deeper issues, and thus limiting the possibility of substantive solutions in what might be called a colonization of consciousness. Together, this economic-political-communication complex has failed to prevent—and in some ways aided—mass die-offs of native animal species. The article then suggests exploring alternative models, such as deliberative democracy, to this seemingly intractable problem, to strengthen the influence of scientific expertise, better inform decision-makers, advance public understandings of science, and improve democracy by engaging members of the public in decision-making processes. While this study focuses on New Zealand, the issues related to political ecology, the political-economic systems, and the framing of issues, apply to many democratic countries.

El patrimonio del IES Maestro Juan de Ávila, presenta tres grandes apartados: el archivo, con los documentos generados desde 1843. El museo de Ciencias Naturales “Julia Muela”, con una excelente colección de animales naturalizados por los mejores especialistas del XIX y XX (Benedito, Darder, Sánchez Bermejo,…), modelos de escayola de la casa E. Deyrolle de París; láminas murales de historia natural de A. Comte, cajas de cultivos agrícolas y material de laboratorio de Ciencias Naturales y de Física y Química. Y la biblioteca “Alfredo Róspide” con más de 22000 ejemplares, de los que unos 4500 conforman el Fondo Antigu

Many studies have been conducted to identify animals with good ability for meat production. In this respect, morphometric measurements and zoometric indices are important tools to select many characteristics aiming at animal genetic improvement, increasing the profitability and sustainability of animal production. This study was carried out at the Sheep Unit of the Instituto de Zootecnia in Nova Odessa, São Paulo, Brazil, with the objective of correlating zoometric indices and morphometric measurements in Dorper lambs. We used 26 registered uncastrated male lambs, with mean age of 102.30 ± 16.30 days and mean weight of 26.10 ± 4.14 kg. The weight was measured with mechanical scale and morphometric measurements were performed with a tape measure and a hypometer. The morphometric measurements collected were withers height (HW), rump height (HR), body length (BL), thoracic perimeter (TP) and rump width (RW). The zoometric indices were calculated by the morphometric measurements body index (BI), relative body index (RBI), thoracic perimeter-withers height ratio (TPRI), and body capacity index (BCI). Pearson's correlation coefficients were obtained using the average of morphometric measurements and zoometric indices, through the SAS software (Statistics Analyses System). The averages for HW, HR, BL, TP and RW were 52.65 ± 2.68 cm, 52.19 ± 2.75 cm, 59.83 ± 2.83 cm, 70.13 ± 4.71 cm, 25.43 ± 2.15 cm respectively. The values of the indices were 85.49 ± 4.12 %, 113.81 ± 6.14 %, 133.36 ± 8.90 % and 46.35 ± 5,45 kg/cm for BI, RBI, TPRI and BCI respectively. There was medium-high correlation (p

Introduction. Research focused on listening and understanding public attitudes towards farm animal welfare is proliferating globally. Objective. To determine how consumers in Colombia perceive the welfare of farm animals and socio-demographic factors associated with such perceptions. Materials and methods. A descriptive and analytical epidemiological study was done through the implementation of a cross-sectional national online survey, conducted from September to October-2021, to obtain information on the knowledge and attitudes of consumers (≥18 years) in Colombia regarding farm animal welfare, as well as socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, education, occupation, location, growing-up environment, level of contact with livestock farms, and diet). Logistic and multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of demographic factors with the level of importance given to animal welfare (AW), perceptions about needs, behavior, and sentience in farm animals, and perceptions about the state and promotion of AW in Colombia. Results. Responses from 798 participants were included in the analysis, 85.57 % saw AW as a concept that refers to how to treat animals and improve their quality of life. The level of importance given to AW was 9.78±0.85 (scale from 0 to 10) and was associated with words such as health, food, caring, respect, and comfort. Sex, age, education, level of contact with a farm, and growing-up in rural areas significantly influenced the opinions regarding the concept of AW and the promotion of farm animal welfare in Colombia. Conclusion. The participants showed concern about farm animal welfare. The differences found associated with the different socio-demographic factors can be used as a basis for formulating education and empowerment strategies that help modulate changes in the way animals are seen, and what welfare means and what it implies.

Introduction: Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) longiflocosa is an endemic species from Colombia, found between the central and eastern Andes, and reported as one of the primary vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in coffee-growing zones of the country. This species is classified in the Townsendi series and can only be identified by the morphology of the male adults., Objective: To determine the potential use of the fourth larval stage of the vector Pi. longiflocosa in morphological taxonomy based on the description of its chaetotaxy., Materials and Methods: Pintomyia longiflocosa adults were captured in Campoalegre, Huila, and reared in the Entomology Laboratory at the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Salud. To identify the setae found in each corporal segment, 15 fourth-instar larvae were mounted on microscope slides using Canadian balm after being cleared with 10 % potassium hydroxide and saturated phenol. Additionally, five specimens were prepared for their observation by scanning electron microscopy., Results: Based on the description of Pi. longiflocosa, we established that all species of the subgenus Pifanomyia so far described have the same antennal morphology and clavate setae along their body. However, various setae present in Pi. longiflocosa are absent in Pi. youngi, suggesting differences among the larvae of the Townsendi series., Conclusions: These results support the potential importance of morphological characters from the fourth larval instar, such as antennal morphology and chaetotaxy, specifically in closely related species that are cryptic in their adult stages.

Introduction. Aedes aegypti is an important vector of arboviral diseases like dengue among others. Traditional control strategies, such as the use of insecticides, have lost effectiveness due to the emergence of resistance in mosquito populations. Biological control and fungi applied for biocontrol are presented as viable and ecological alternatives. Objective. To evaluate in vitro pathogenicity of Trichoderma sp. isolates obtained from Urabá (Antioquia) on larvae of Ae. aegypti, and to determine the mean lethal concentration and mean lethal time of the most pathogenic isolate. Materials and methods. Using the sentinel larvae method of Ae. aegypti, fungi were isolated from water bodies in the Urabá region (Antioquia). The isolates were characterized morphologically and molecularly to determine their taxonomic identity. Pathogenicity tests were performed in vitro on Ae. aegypti larvae in the L2/L3 stages. Subsequently, a strain was selected to establish its mean lethal concentration and mean lethal time. Results. Trichoderma sp. strain AP-91 caused high mortality in larval populations of Ae. aegypti. We estimated a mean lethal concentration of 1.8 × 107 conidia/ml and a mean lethal time of 20.67 hours. Conclusion. The strain AP-91 showed potential for its use as biological control of Ae. aegypti, making it a suitable candidate for scale-up cultures applied to integrated vector management. This research suggests exploring compounds and enzymes produced by the AP-91 strain to understand better its pathogenicity.

Introduction: Rabies virus infection can cause fatal brain disease in mammals. Any species is susceptible to infection. Any effort aimed at recognizing infected animals and performing first actions in the event of transmission is mandatory., Objective: To determine knowledge, attitudes, and practice profiles regarding rabies, or hydrophobia, in a municipality of Colombia, using a multiple correspondence analysis., Materials and Methods: A descriptive observational study involving 71 pet owners was carried out in the municipality of Ibagué (Tolima). A questionnaire-based survey collected data on rabies knowledge, attitudes, practices, and demographic information. The survey was conducted between October and November 2021, and the data analysis involved descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analysis., Results: The study revealed a commendable level of rabies awareness among the urban residents in the study municipality. However, there are causes of concern as they allow stray animals to enter their homes and are not aware of the importance of notifying dead animals. The respondents demonstrated a humane approach to bite management and emphasized the importance of wound cleaning. Additionally, they expressed a strong desire for more information to enhance their knowledge and awareness of the disease., Conclusion: The findings of this study provide valuable insights for improving rabies prevention efforts and promoting public health. Health education, evidence-based strategies, and community participation are essential for successful disease control and educational gaps addressing related to sociocultural factors.

The avian influenza virus was first identified in China in 1996, but it was in 2021 when numerous outbreaks of avian influenza began in different regions of the world, including Mexico. This virus has caused a significant impact on animal health and well-being, since it mainly affects wild birds, poultry and other animals, including humans, putting the food security and subsistence of those who depend on it at risk., (Licencia CC 4.0 (BY-NC-ND) © 2024 Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.)

Interest in the right ventricle has substantially increased due to advances in knowledge of its pathophysiology and prognostic implications across a wide spectrum of diseases. However, we are still far from understanding the multiple mechanisms that influence right ventricular dysfunction, its evaluation continues to be challenging, and there is a shortage of specific treatments in most scenarios. This review article aims to update knowledge about the physiology of the right ventricle, its transition to dysfunction, diagnostic tools, and available treatments from a translational perspective., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background: Motivation for the study. Dengue epidemics caused by A. aegypti occur during climatic events in tropical countries such as Peru; however, the feeding behavior of the mosquito usually goes unnoticed., Background: Main findings. A. aegypti populations in Marcavelica and Querecotillo showed anthropophilic feeding behavior during cyclone Yaku and in the 2023 El Niño. However, populations with different feeding patterns are not ruled out., Background: Implications. The PCR-RFLP technique of the blood cell cytochrome B gene could be implemented in vector control policies through an entomo-virological surveillance plan., Objective.: To determine the feeding behavior of Aedes aegypti in dengue outbreaks in two rural areas of Peru during the Yaku cyclone and El Niño phenomenon of 2023., Material and Methods.: Eight blood samples (8 pools) were obtained from the abdomen of 80 Aedes aegypti specimens captured in the rural districts of Querecotillo and Marcavelica during the Yaku cyclone and El Niño dengue outbreaks. DNA was extracted from the analyzed samples, then a PCR was directed at the CytB gene as a genetic marker and the PCR products were enzymatically digested with the restrictases Hae III and Mwo I. The PCR-RFLP products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis at 4%., Results.: DNA was obtained from all samples and a 358 bp amplicon was obtained as a PCR product. Likewise, the only RFLP found in Hae III was from Homo sapiens sapiens (233 and 125 bp). RFLP was not found in Hae III of Gallus gallus and RFLP in Mwo I of Canis familiaris and Mus musculus., Conclusion.: Aedes aegypti showed conserved anthropophilic feeding behavior in dengue outbreaks in rural areas during the Yaku cyclone and El Niño.

Background: Motivation for the study. Rural health facilities could be potential foci of transmission and scenarios of zoonosis during epidemic outbreaks of dengue and other arbovirosis due to the coexistence of mosquito species that feed on different vertebrates., Background: Main findings. Aedes aegypti feeds on Homo sapiens sapiens. Culex quinquefasciatus feeds on Homo sapiens sapiens and Canis familiaris. Both coexist in health care areas of the Querecotillo health center., Background: Implications. Molecular techniques should be integrated into vector control to understand feeding patterns in natural conditions and information on probable reservoirs., Background: This study aimed to determine the coexistence and food sources of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a rural health center in Piura, Peru by using a descriptive cross-sectional design. Entomological techniques were used to capture and identify mosquitoes, and molecular biotechnology techniques were used to identify food sources. A total of 793 specimens of the Culex and Aedes genera were found coexisting, 789 (99.5%) were Culex quinquefasciatus, 607 (76.9%) were males and 182 (23.1%) were females. Likewise, 4 (100%) corresponded to Aedes aegypti females. The food sources of Aedes aegypti were Homo sapiens sapiens, and Homo sapiens sapiens and Canis familiaris were the food sources of Culex quinquefasciatus. This study provides evidence that rural health centers could be acting as foci of arbovirosis, with the risk that people who come for different ailments could contract diseases transmitted by C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti.

Introduction and Objectives: Different degrees of testicular torsion result in varying degrees of testicular damage, which influences treatment options and outcomes. Therefore, establishing a testicular torsion model with different degrees is necessary for clinical diagnosis., Materials and Methods: Rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and their spermatic cords were twisted at 0 °, 180 °, 360 °, and 720 °, respectively. Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) were performed to evaluate the blood supply in testicles. The twisted testicles were surgically removed at six hours post-operation and were evaluated by morphological observation and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining., Results: CDFI signals were gradually decreased as the degree of testicular torsion increased, and scores of CDFI in the 360 ° and 720 ° groups were significantly decreased at postoperative six hours compared to pre-surgery. Compared to the sham, the testicle in the 180 ° group exhibited slight congestion, whereas the testicles in the 360 ° and 720 ° groups were dark red in color and had severe congestion and unrecognizable vessels. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining showed mild spermatogenic cell reduction and testicular interstitial hemorrhage in the 180 ° group. In the 360 ° and 720 ° groups, disordered seminiferous tubules, shed spermatogenic cells in tubules, inflammatory cell infiltration, and severe hemorrhage were found. In comparison with the sham, interstitial hemorrhage scores in the 360 ° and 720 ° groups were significantly higher, and scores of germinal epithelial cell thickness in the three testicular torsion groups were significantly decreased., Conclusions: Collectively, we successfully constructed a testicular torsion model with different degrees in rabbits., (Copyright © 2024 AEU. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in men and women worldwide. Various combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy are currently used to treat lung cancer. However, the prognosis remains relatively poor due to the higher frequency of tumor mutational burden (TMB). Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2) is often considered a primary regulator of the expression of antioxidant enzymes and detoxification proteins and is involved in cytoprotection. On the contrary, NRF2 is even known to induce metastasis and support tumor progression. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) plays an important role in negatively regulating NRF2 activity via CUL3-mediated ubiquitinylation and successive proteasomal degradation. Extensive research has shown that the genetic alterations of KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3 genes lead to increased expression of NRF2 and its target genes in lung cancer. Thus, these studies provide ample evidence for the dual role of NRF2 in lung cancer. In this review, we discussed the mechanistic insights into the role of NRF2 signaling in therapy resistance by focusing on cell lines, mouse models, and translational studies in lung cancer. Finally, we highlighted the potential therapeutic strategies targeting NRF2 inhibition, followed by the discussion of biomarkers related to NRF2 activity in lung cancer. Overall, our article exclusively discusses in detail the NRF2 signaling pathway in resistance to therapy, especially immunotherapy, and its therapeutic avenue in the treatment of lung cancer., (Copyright © 2024 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Paederus contact dermatitis is a skin disease caused by beetles of the genus Paederus and the release of a vesicant substance called paederin. It is worldwide distributed; However, it is more common in rainy seasons and hot climates. The clinical manifestations are vesicle-pustules that settle on erythematous skin. Treatment is based on washing with soap and water to neutralize the action of the toxin and the administration of topical steroids in short cycles. We report the case of a 28-year-old male patient who came to the dermatology clinic with a 48-hour history of two erythematous plaques with central blisters plus superficial ulceration located on the flexor aspect of the arm and right forearm, accompanied by a sensation of burning and itching at the site of the lesions, without other accompanying symptoms. As background, he states that he was on vacation in the coastal region of Ecuador when the lesions appeared. An incisional biopsy was performed and due to the clinical characteristics and the history of travel to a tropical region, it was diagnosed as Paederus dermatitis and treatment with antihistamines, topical steroids and cold compresses was indicated. After 8 days of treatment, the lesions subsided, leaving post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation., (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba)

Objective: to evaluate three methods of nasogastric tube fixation in terms of adhesion, displacement and skin integrity., Method: ex vivo study, with a sample of 30 experimental noses (10 for each type of fixation), developed with porcine skin, based on the average measurements of the human nose, in which 14-gauge polyvinyl chloride probes were inserted and 2 methods of fixation with adhesive tape (Fixation A and B) and one with an industrial device (Fixation C) were used. Each group was exposed to traction of 50, 100 and 500g sequentially over 12 and 24 hours, testing: adhesion capacity, probe displacement and skin integrity. The Chi-square test of independence was calculated for nominal variables and Student's t-tests and analysis of variance (p< 0.05) for rational variables., Results: fixation B showed lower adhesion capacity (p <0.001) when compared to the other two fixations. A mean displacement of 52.17 mm was observed in the probes fixed by methods A and B and a greater occurrence of lesions associated with fixations A and C (p = 0.001)., Conclusion: the results show complications related to the fixations: lack of adhesion, displacement of the probe and skin lesions, drawing attention to the complexity of the procedure.

Humanity has coexisted, lived together, and survived different severities in its history; one of them: the disease, which is suffered individually or in collective magnitudes manifested in epidemics and pandemics. In the 20th century and so far in this century various health damage events related to emerging and reemerging diseases have been identified, especially those of viral etiology. This editorial article takes a historical look at the main diseases faced in the last 100 years, focusing on human influenza and avian influenza and the recent COVID-19 pandemic., (Licencia CC 4.0 (BY-NC-ND) © 2024 Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.)

Angelman syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder secondary to disruption of the UBE3A gene in the maternal allele of chromosome 15. Its manifestations are mainly neurological, but a multidisciplinary management is required for its treatment. There are consensus guidelines available for best clinical management. Current clinical trials with antisense oligonucleotides promise, for the first time, to treat the cause by activating the UBE3A gene in the paternal allele, showing encouraging preliminary clinical effects. Inoculation of UBE3A gene through a viral vector has been tested in animal models and is underway for future clinical trials.

Introduction: Cardiovascular calcification is an important public health issue with an unmeet therapeutic need. We had previously shown that lysyl oxidase (LOX) activity critically influences vascular wall smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and valvular interstitial cells (VICs) calcification by affecting extracellular matrix remodeling. We have delved into the participation of LOX in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification, as well as in the mineralization of the aortic valve., Methods: Immunohistochemical and expression studies were carried out in human atherosclerotic lesions and experimental models, valves from patients with aortic stenosis, VICs, and in a genetically modified mouse model that overexpresses LOX in CMLV (TgLOX CMLV ). Hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis was induced in mice through the administration of adeno-associated viruses encoding a PCSK9 mutated form (AAV-PCSK9 D374Y ) combined with an atherogenic diet., Results: LOX expression is increased in the neointimal layer of atherosclerotic lesions from human coronary arteries and in VSMC-rich regions of atheromas developed both in the brachiocephalic artery of control (C57BL/6J) animals transduced with PCSK9 D374Y and in the aortic root of ApoE -/- mice. In TgLOX CMLV mice, PCSK9 D374Y transduction did not significantly alter the enhanced aortic expression of genes involved in matrix remodeling, inflammation, oxidative stress and osteoblastic differentiation. Likewise, LOX transgenesis did not alter the size or lipid content of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic arch, brachiocephalic artery and aortic root, but exacerbated calcification. Among lysyl oxidase isoenzymes, LOX is the most expressed member of this family in highly calcified human valves, colocalizing with RUNX2 in VICs. The lower calcium deposition and decreased RUNX2 levels triggered by the overexpression of the nuclear receptor NOR-1 in VICs was associated with a reduction in LOX., Conclusions: Our results show that LOX expression is increased in atherosclerotic lesions, and that overexpression of this enzyme in VSMC does not affect the size of the atheroma or its lipid content, but it does affect its degree of calcification. Further, these data suggest that the decrease in calcification driven by NOR-1 in VICs would involve a reduction in LOX. These evidences support the interest of LOX as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular calcification., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Most of the nomads of East Azerbaijan province belong to the tribes of Arasbaran and Shahsevan, nine independent tribes in the Yaylak period, and seven independent tribes in the Qishlaq period. Shahsevan nomads are composed of different tribes, such as Ajirlu, Moghanlu, Giglu, Qaralar Meshgini etc. Verneh, as a type of carpet, Maffrash or means of carrying household furniture, were mainly woven by nomads and some villagers in the settlement of Shahsevan nomads in Azerbaijan and some surrounding areas, such as Pars Abad, Germi and Meshgin Shahr counties of Ardabil province, and Ahar and Kaleybar counties of East Azerbaijan province. This handicraft has both the simplicity of the rug (Kilim) style and the elegance and beauty of the carpet. The lack of sufficient information in this field has led to a close study of some of these motifs related to Verneh. Therefore, one of the most important objectives of the research is to introduce motifs, concepts and animal symbols hidden in Verneh, in order to expand knowledge about the artistic products of this region and examine the impact of nomadic life conditions on the nature of their products in these areas. The research method is applied in terms of nature and purpose and its findings were first done as field research. Then, the samples from the studies were matched with the general information and eventually examined. The results of this study show that the animal motifs created in verneh tell the truth about the material and social life of weavers and show a valuable collection in their life. Verneh’s paintings and motifs depict the nomadic way of life, the animal-dependent life in direct connection with nature, the adherence to the customs of the ancestors and the beliefs of these people. Animal motifs are a symbol of nomadic life, related to nomadic livestock.