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"This paper presents a new, continuous, version of the index of years of life lost (YLL) in the population, distinguishing different causes of death. Also, it shows the mathematical relationship between the YLL and temporary life expectancies in the discrete and continuous cases....The model is applied to the analysis of mortality of the province of Cordoba, Argentina, during 1947-1991." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"Uruguay can be ranked among the countries with fairly reliable vital statistics. The last population census included questions about ever-born and surviving children which allow [the derivation of] independent estimations relative to level and trends of infant and early childhood mortality. The purpose of this paper is to estimate such parameters based on 1985 Census information and compare them with those of 1975. Furthermore, particular interest is paid to the differentials which show that Uruguayan society is no longer the homogeneous society it seemed to be decades ago.... The last chapter is devoted to examining infant mortality by causes of death. This section evaluates the amount of lives that could be saved, if deaths due to exogenous factors are avoided." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"The purposes of this paper are to analyze the Argentine legislation between 1870 and 1989 that has directly or indirectly affected the dynamics and structure of population, as well as to reveal the ideology of population policies supported by hegemonic social forces. This analysis takes into consideration the different development strategies that have been implemented. Our study explores the way in which the different governments have approached the issue of population, and, more specifically, it analyzes the relation between public policies, population policies, development strategies, and political processes represented in State laws." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"The paper starts with a brief analysis of the sources and the quality of the data and the mortality indices [for trends in adult mortality from chronic diseases in Chile]....A comparison is made of mortality among the 13 regions of the country and an attempt is made to relate the observed differences to some environmental and life-style factors. Rural-urban and educational differences of mortality by cause of death are also analyzed. The paper ends by comparing mortality by chronic disease in Chile with that of other countries of the Latin American region, noting some difficulties [in] such a comparison and proposing hypotheses for future studies." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"Given the importance of information on the population age structure when planning short, medium and long-term needs within the different social strata, this paper is a proposal to deepen...the study of changes in the population pyramids.... Based on the most recent methodologies a study of age discontinuities is carried out and a method of follow-up by cohorts is suggested, taking the 15-19 and 20-24 age groups as an example. The purpose is to show that, as a...cohort ascends in the age pyramid, new and different necessities arise and also different responses are demanded on the part of the social system." Data are for Brazil as a whole and for the state of Sao Paulo. (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"This paper reports on an attempt to use census data from Brazil in 1970 and 1980 to investigate a rise in household headship by unmarried mothers 15-49.... Demographic analysis can be useful in decomposing the change into that due to a changed propensity of women 15-49 years of age to be unmarried, to have children if unmarried, and to head their own household if an unmarried mother. This was further analyzed in terms of age, marital status (whether single, divorced/separated or widowed), region of residence, and urban-rural status....However, the research encountered data problems that make firm conclusions impossible...." This is a translation of a paper originally presented at the 1992 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America. (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"In a recent paper, Lee and Carter developed a new method for analyzing and forecasting time series of age specific mortality, and applied it to the U.S. population. In this paper, we extend that method to deal with various problems of incomplete data common in Third World populations, and then apply the method to forecast mortality in Chile." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"The purpose of this paper is to bring together some of the general problems that arise in the study of international migration between Paraguay and the countries of the Southern Common Market (with special reference to Argentina, which is the most frequent destination of Paraguayan migration).... The paper first reviews the known information about the emigration of Paraguayans, in general, and to Argentina, in particular, with some references to immigration to Paraguay from bordering countries, as well....A brief survey is made of the impact of the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) on employment and migration, and, finally, some specific problems related to the economic analysis of these migrations are discussed....", (excerpt)

"This document discusses the impact of the social institutions in the childbearing experience of...families and the reproduction of...society. Despite the difficulties of empirically demonstrating the association of the macro and micro spheres, the paper presents evidence of the relationship, introducing the case of Ecuador, based on broad indices of fertility and child mortality.... The analysis utilizes the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), individual and community questionnaire." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"The paper examines the relationship between medium and short-term changes in aggregate economic activity, and national morbidity and mortality rates by certain causes. Although overall mortality conditions have continued to improve during the economic crisis of the nineteen-eighties in the three countries studied, mortality by some causes...[has] discontinued [its] decline and [has] even increased [its] rates in some recent years.... The short-term changes in mortality in Costa Rica and Chile are generally lower than in Guatemala, but tend to be more systematic in their inverse relationship with economic fluctuations in the former. Many of the causes studied affect young and older adults, which are groups that have so far received little attention in evaluations of the health effects of economic crises in the region." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

A methodological experiment was conducted as part of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) project to determine whether different approaches to measuring the same variables would yield similar results. The experiment consisted of the use of a new questionnaire, incorporating variants of many of the traditional approaches to the collection of demographic and health data. The experimental questionnaire was applied in 2 countries, Peru and the Dominican Republic at the same time as the standard survey. The most salient feature of this new questionnaire pregnancies, contraceptive practice, and postpartum, marriage, employment, and migration information. In this paper, the authors evaluate whether the use of the calendar in the experimental questionnaire improved the quality of the resulting information on contraception in the DHS surveys from the abovementioned countries. Specifically, the author determine whether the monthly calendar led to better estimates of contraceptive prevalence, failure, and discontinuation, and discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the calendar over the more standard approach. Results from this evaluation suggest that the major advantages of the calendar over the more standard questionnaire are 3-fold: it allows for more complete reports of use for periods prior to the survey; it allows for a detailed study of contraceptive use patterns; and it obtains information which is more internally consistent with other types of information. On the bases of these findings, the DHS project will include a calendar in the new standard questionnaire to be used in the 2nd round of surveys (DHS II).

"The paper refers to the amount and some characteristics of the Spanish, Italian and Portuguese immigration to Chile during the period 1860-1930. It is compared with [movements to] Argentina, Brazil, Cuba and Uruguay.... Different information sources are used and in spite of data weakness, the low preference for Chile of the European migratory flows is ratified as compared with those to Argentina.... It is pointed out that the migratory flows to Latin America, in particular to Chile, are associated, on the one hand, with the favourable... European [immigration] policy in this country and on the other hand with the huge European emigration overseas during that period." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

In infant mortality estimates, using the Coale-Trussell procedure with information from 2 successive population censuses of a country, reveals differences in the levels for the overlapping years of periods. This paper deal with this problem using the 1974 and 1982 censuses of Ecuador. The contribution of his analysis consists in demonstrating that infant mortality in a given year--estimated from a specific age group--is a weighted average between zero mortality--women declaring no deaths among their children and mortality with a value different from zero--women declaring some child dead. The weighing values are the age structure of women according to the condition of having dead children and corrected by the mean parity of the corresponding age group. Looking at the structure--women with or without dead children--of both censuses, a strong increase in the proportion of women without dead children occurred in 1982 as compared with the proportion in 1974. In order to eliminate this lack of comparability a reweighing was introduced in the 1982 information. New estimates were obtained, and these are much closer to the estimates obtained from the 1974 census.

"During the latter part of 1986, national probability sample surveys of women of reproductive ages were carried out in... Peru and the Dominican Republic. These surveys were made as part of the Demographic Health Surveys project (DHS). In each country, one survey was conducted with the standard core questionnaire developed for DHS; the other survey was based on an experimental questionnaire. The major difference between the two questionnaires is the inclusion in the experimental one of a monthly calendar, which records pregnancies, contraceptive use, reasons for contraceptive discontinuation, breastfeeding, post-partum amenorrhea, post-partum abstinence, women's employment and place of residence for the period 1981-1986. This paper presents results from the first stage of the analysis of the Peruvian data: a comparison of basic characteristics of the two samples and an assessment of the completeness of reporting of recent births and infant and child deaths, i.e., a comparison of information in the truncated and full birth histories." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"This paper presents six indirect techniques for estimating the degree of death coverage as applied to vital statistics information in Venezuela between 1960 and 1982, collected by two public institutions, namely, the 'Oficina Central de Estadistica e Informatica' (OCEI) and the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance (MSAS).... The results show remarkable improvements in the death registry coverage for both institutions, that amount to 97 or 98 per cent at the beginning of the 80's. Nevertheless, great differences can be observed between them regarding both structure and volume of deaths by sex and age." Among the problems discussed are the impact of immigration and errors in age reporting. (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"This paper examines characteristics of recent rural-urban out-migrants leaving households in the Sierra of Ecuador. A large, household survey focussing specifically on migration is utilized, allowing detailed crosstabulations by sex and origin-destination combination and providing information about migrants generally not found in more generic surveys or censuses. Differences are noted between migrants and non-migrants in basic demographic characteristics, reasons for migrating, and economic activities prior to and subsequent to moving. Differences in the characteristics of migrants moving between various types of place of origin and place of destination are also noted." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

This paper analyzes the changes in Argentine laws regarding migration, mainly in the hundred years since the Argentine Constitution was passed until the 1950s. The different subsequent laws and the debates they caused are related by the author to the political and ideological trends dominating Argentina in that period as to the characteristics and oscillations of the migratory afflux. Further the paper considers Italian laws and migration policies during the same period. The author concludes that after a liberal migration policy in the 19th century, growing legal restrictions and passionate discussion on the role of immigrants followed in this century, particularly between the 2 World Wars.

"This paper describes the historical evolution of five populations and analyzes the circumstances under which data on maternal and paternal orphanhood of couples at the moment of marriage were collected and compiled." The data, which concern historical populations in Mexico, Chile, Peru, Brazil, and Argentina, are used to construct life tables for male and female adults. Consideration is given to mortality differentials by sex. (summary in ENG), (excerpt)

"A procedure is described to obtain an age distribution of emigrant surviving children from the reports of such children obtained from women by a census or survey. A simple form of the procedure, requiring a minimum of calculation, is shown to work almost as well as the more elaborate form, and is recommended for most uses. "These new procedures, explicitly introducing an age model of migration, yield age distributions which are substantially different from, and probably more realistic than those obtained through the use of model fertility and mortality schedules alone.... The age distributions of migrant children [in Colombia] as obtained in this paper are compared with those obtained by Somoza.... The procedure described here produces a total almost 10 percent higher because it shifts the age distribution of the migrant children towards higher ages with lower proportions of surviving mothers." (summary in ENG), (excerpt)