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El desarrollo y la investigación de nuevos productos que puedan sustituir parcial o completamente materias primas empleadas para la producción de energía, productos químicos de alto valor añadido e incluso la fabricación de papel, ha permitido que el cáñamo industrial (Cannabis sativa L.) se vuelva atractivo como principal materia prima en la reactivación de una economía de base biológica con altas condiciones y capacidades de producción. A partir de lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo investigativo es profundizar sobre el potencial del uso de fibra de cáñamo en la industria del papel, soportado por estudios realizados por el Estado Colombiano en lo referente a las disponibilidad de cultivos forestales con fines comercialesque inicialmente se destinan para la siembra y producción de recursos madereros como el pino y eucalipto. Se ha considerado de importancia demostrar que el cáñamo, como fuente de producción primaria, brinda ventajas competitivas económicas, ambientales y sociales frente a los cultivos tradicionales, incluso para las nuevas fuentes de investigación de base biológica.

This paper presents a systematization of the evolution of generative linguistic studies. The paper initially describes the main arguments that support generative cognitivism and which ones distinguish it from the empiricist tradition. Following, some grammar models emerged from the generative theory are presented. Convergences and divergences between theoretical generative studies and the psycholinguistic studies are also referenced. Findings of psycholinguistics based on methods that consider real time speaker linguistic coding and interference of prosodic patterns suggest that the theoretical generative studies should improve research methods in order to make more grounded predictions.

The aim of this paper is to estimate using monthly data the influence of the Mexican Stock Market in the nominal Exchange Rate from 1993 to 2022. We conducted an Exploratory Data Analysis to identify the most important correlations of the following monetary variables: 28-day Mexican Debt bills/ (T-Bill), interest rates, inflation, and Stock Exchange Market both from Mexico and from the USA respectively. We then resorted to a VAR model to indentify which of these variables determined changes in Mexico´s nominal Exchange Rate more significantly. During the period in question the model showed, that Exchange Rate variations were driven by the Mexican Stock Exchange Market, the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the US Treasury Bills. The model also pointed out that variations in Mexican Stock Market were determined by the Mexican Stock Market itself, the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the US Treasury Bills (T-Bills).

Traffic accidents are one of the main causes of death in Mexico, the collisions are caused mostly due to human error, therefore attempts have been made to reduce these shortcomings with driver assistance systems. This paper presents a study conducted to explore the capabilities of a Generative Adversarial Network in terms of application in lane detection on a highway, it is proposed to use a metric known as Dice index which measures the similarity between images and a pre-processing method based on color spaces, as well as a technique called Superpixels which is based on clustering. Finally, the results are compared with a neural network called LaneNet developed for the TuSimple database. The results obtained from this methodology needs to be optimized with future work, however, it opens the door to possible research with this type of network.

Coexistence is a fundamental for the exercise of the rights and duties of citizens and its preservation depends largely on the governance of public safety but the crime prosecution at the head of the police force is inadequate because it just moves the crime but does not eliminate its causes nor restore the damage caused to the victims. Thus, this paper describes different strategies to counteract the crime, their contradictions and also suggests an interagency work like a practice of experimental innovation in order to counteract the perception of insecurity. Finally this paper displays the benefits of data collection and analysis to support not only the police work but also to establish baselines for future public policy, as well as building scenarios with confidence and institutional credibility at the municipal level under the expectation of a post-conflict in Colombia.

Aiming to cooperate with the management of Vértices, academic journal published by Essentia (Instituto Federal Fluminense), this study analyzes the production of original scientific papers in the period 1997-2012. The article is based on the study made by Francisco (2011) on the journal RAE-Eletrônica. Following this methodology, we conducted a quantitative and qualitative exploratory study of 250 scientific papers distributed, in 14 volumes available on the journal website. Results show that the journal has increased its national visibility, 41% of the articles are in the field of Humanities, and two-thirds of the authors do not work for the same institution of the publishers. This indicates the acceptable endogenous value of the journal. In addition, Besides, the period of publications investigated for this study (2010, 2011 e 2012) shows that Vértices has increased the number of publications dealing with socio-environmental, socioeconomic and political issues related to the various regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

This paper addresses the importance of democratic management in the educational process based on the belief that collective participation contributes to the quality of education, and represents a possibility of advancement. The article is primarily a conceptual review, an, from this, it proposes a brief contextualization of the historical moment in which the democratic principle is established in the country. The paper discusses the importance of the manager's role in this process, as he/she creates the necessary conditions for democracy to take place in the school environment. The study closes by discussing the tools for effective democratic management in schools, point out the political-pedagogical project and the collective institutions as mechanisms for promoting emancipatory education - one able to prepare for critical and participatory citizenship.

Knowledge about the reliability of a wireless sensor network is important in industry. Indeed, in holonic manufacturing, it is convenient to ensure that decisions are made with reliable data. However, experimental evaluation in a real environment is a task that consumes time and financial resources, it also depends on several factors such as the technical characteristics of the transceiver and the location of the nodes. Thus, the use of simulation and calculation software in Industry 4.0 can potentially reduce costs and implementation time significantly, nonetheless some simulators deal with power consumption and network reliability with theoretical models that have limitations for commercial devices. This paper presents the sWSN3 tool that, through an intuitive graphical interface allows placing sensor nodes on the virtual environment of a plant layout and calculates the reliability of a wireless sensor network using parameters such as signal to noise ratio, received packet rate, and battery life time. Results show that sWSN3 can accurately estimate the reliability of a virtual WSN.

Faced with government pressure to transform themselves into research institutions, Ecuador’s universities confront a major challenge. Based on a review of the English language literature, this paper attempts to pull together some of the things that can be learned from the experiences of other universities, in other countries, that have been required to adopt new missions and roles. The paper argues that such transformations have implications for an institution’s structure and governance, but still more fundamentally for its culture. For transformation to be effective, it must involve rethinking existing (and perhaps long-established) ways of doing things, including how and by whom decisions are made, and how students are taught. Links with regional and community organizations need to be developed, because these can provide a valuable catalyst for change.

This paper reports on a study that analyzed the research output of higher education systems in a select number of Latin American countries and its relationship to several socio-economic and technological success indicators. This was placed within a broader discussion of the changing role of the university in society. The study used the rankings of the countries surveyed with respect to two major indicators: 1. higher education and training (Global Competiveness Report 2012-2013) and 2. scientific productivity of higher education institutions (HEI) as measured by the number of research papers published in international, peer reviewed journals as archived in the Scopus Database (Elsevier B.V.) and available in the SIR Iberoamericano Ranking Reports 2009-2013. The relationship of both indicators with various socio-economic and technology indicators was examined to assess the extent to which the quality and scientific productivity of a country’s higher education system affected a number of country performance indices such as global competitiveness, innovation, health and primary education, government effectiveness, knowledge and technology output and GDP per capita. The relationship between scientific productivity in the form of published, refereed papers and a country’s investment in R&D, researcher headcount per million inhabitants and the quality of its research institutes was analyzed as well. The findings at the Latin American level were compared to the research effectiveness of higher education institutes at the global level. The study found that, notwithstanding the huge variation that existed between the countries studied in the survey, the education and training country rank and the country average HEI publication record correlates with several important socio-economic indicators. Although improvements have been made many Latin American countries still trail their global counterparts in the area of research and publication.

RESUMEN La nueva generación de la Web, la Web Semántica, plantea potenciales oportunidades para dotar de significado a los contenidos Web. Las ontologías constituyen una de las principales herramientas para especificar explícitamente los conceptos de un dominio concreto, sus propiedades y sus relaciones; de manera que la información se publique en formatos que sean inteligibles automáticamente por agentes máquinas que pueden localizar y gestionar de forma precisa la información. En este trabajo se presenta un marco de trabajo para una red de ontologías para representar conceptos, atributos, operaciones y restricciones, en relación a los ítems curriculares que se usan en procesos nacionales de categorización de docentes universitarios ecuatorianos. En una primera parte se muestra el contexto del dominio, trabajos relacionados, luego se describe el proceso seguido, la abstracción del modelo ontológico y finalmente se presenta una ontología. Es una ontología de dominio debido a que proporciona el significado de los conceptos y sus relaciones dentro del dominio de ítems curriculares producidos por docentes universitarios, que son requisitos de los proceso de categorización docente universitaria en Ecuador. Palabras clave: Web semántica, datos enlazados, ontología, metodología, datos universitarios. ABSTRACT The new generation of the Web, the Semantic Web, poses potential opportunities to give meaning to web content. In this paper a framework is presented for ontology network to represent concepts, attributes, operations and restrictions related to curricular items used in national categorization processes of Ecuadorian university teachers. The first part of the paper describes the domain context and related work, the following the abstraction of the model is described, and finally ontology is presented. The domain ontology provides the concepts meaning and their relationships within the domain of curricular items produced by academics, which are requirements of university teaching categorization process in Ecuador. Keywords: Semantic web, linked data, ontology, methodology, universities data.

RESUMEN En este documento se propone un marco de trabajo basado en tecnologías de la Web Semántica para detectar potenciales redes de colaboración, mediante el enriquecimiento semántico de artículos científicos producidos por investigadores que publican con afiliaciones ecuatorianas. El marco de trabajo se describe a través de un ciclo de publicación de datos enlazados. Como alcance se consideraron publicaciones que tienen al menos un autor con afiliación ecuatoriana. Las redes de colaboración detectadas son un insumo importante para fortalecer los esfuerzos del gobierno ecuatoriano y las autoridades universitarias del país, priorizar los esfuerzos y recursos invertidos en investigación y determinar la pertinencia o coherencia de los programas de investigación. Palabras clave: Datos enlazados, red de colaboración, Ecuador, publicaciones, SCOPUS, Web semántica, sistemas de organización de conocimiento. ABSTRACT In this paper, a framework based on semantic Web technologies is presented to detect potential collaboration networks. The collaborators are identified through a semantic enrichment of scientific articles produced by researchers who publish with Ecuadorian affiliations. The scope of this work includes the papers, which have at least one author with Ecuadorian membership. Detected collaborative networks are an important basis to promote the efforts of the Ecuadorian government and higher education institutions, in order to prioritize the efforts and the resources invested in research and determine the relevance and coherence of the research programs. Keywords: Linked data, collaboration network, Ecuador, papers, SCOPUS, semantic Web, knowledge organization system.

ABSTRACT Ecuador contains an immense collection of hydro-meteorological data, informing us via standards how to locate and invoke them. If we want to make such data easier to understand and use, we need to store them in a common repository and annotate them by means of descriptive metadata. This paper proposes an approach for the massive storage, integration and semantic annotation of hydro-meteorological data using an open source integration container, NoSQL databases and Semantic Web technologies. The main contributions of this paper are: i) a shared common repository of hydro-meteorological data, ii) automatic semantic annotation to formally describe the data sources, and iii) efficient mechanisms for searching and retrieving hydro meteorological data. Keywords: Hydro-meteorological data, data integration, big data, semantic web, NoSQL. RESUMEN Ecuador contiene una inmensa colección de datos hidro-meteorológicos usualmente descritos usando estándares que nos indican cómo localizarlos y cómo invocarlos. Si queremos hacer que esos datos sean potencialmente más sencillos de entender y usar se requiere almacenarlos en un repositorio común y anotarlos formalmente usando metadatos descriptivos. Este artículo propone un mecanismo para el almacenamiento masivo, integración y anotación semántica de datos hidro-meteorológicos utilizando un framework de integración, bases de datos NoSQL y tecnologías de web semántica. Las contribuciones principales de este artículo son: i) Un repositorio compartido de datos hidro-meteorológicos, ii) anotación semántica automática para describir las fuentes de manera formal, y iii) mecanismos eficientes de búsqueda y consulta de datos hidro-meteorológicos Palabras clave: Datos hidro-meteorológicos, integración de datos, big data, web semántica, NoSQL.

RESUMEN En el presente artículo se muestra en aplicaciones reales el potencial y la versatilidad de la tecnología de Radio Definido por Software (RDS), para ello, se presenta el desarrollo de diferentes sistemas de comunicaciones de bajo costo utilizando plataformas de hardware y software libre. Los receptores de AM, FM y ADS-B descritos, han sido desarrollados utilizando un ordenador de placa reducida Raspberry Pi y un módulo RTL-SDR como plataforma de hardware; como plataforma de software se han empleado la distribución Raspbian, la herramienta GNU Radio y el software Dump 1090. Palabras clave: RDS, Raspberry Pi, RTL-SDR, GNU Radio, Dump 1090, AM, FM, ADS-B. ABSTRACT This paper describes in real applications the potential and flexibility of the Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology, for this purpose the development of different low-cost communications systems using open source hardware and software is shown. The AM, FM and ADS-B receivers described in this paper have been developed using a credit card size computer Raspberry Pi and a module RTL-SDR as hardware platform; on the other hand as software platform is used the distribution Raspbian, GNU Radio toolkit and the software Dump 1090. Keywords: SDR, Raspberry Pi, RTL-SDR, GNU Radio, Dump 1090, AM, FM, ADS-B.

RESUMEN En los sistemas ganaderos pastoriles, el manejo de excedentes y déficits estacionales e interanuales de forraje mediante el uso de reservas forrajeras impacta sobre la eficiencia de utilización las pasturas (manejo, productividad, y cosecha), y consecuentemente sobre el desempeño animal y productividad del sistema. En este trabajo se reporta información sobre la productividad y calidad de distintos recursos forrajeros que se utilizan para la confección de forrajes conservados. Se presenta información sobre la respuesta animal esperada para distintos momentos de confección, tipos de reservas (henos vs. Silos) para distintas categorías de animales. Se hace particular énfasis en los puntos críticos para lograr reservas de buena calidad y sobre el uso de las reservas como suplemento de pasturas, en dietas de recría y dietas engorde a corral. Finalmente se destacan algunas deficiencias nutricionales comunes en las reservas forrajeras y su modo de corrección. Aunque es bien conocido que la confección de reservas forrajeras - silos y henos - es una herramienta para la intensificación de los sistemas ganaderos que impacta sobre la productividad individual y por hectárea del sistema, hay que tener en cuenta aspectos claves para la obtención de una reserva de buena calidad y optimizar la ventajas de las reservas en el sistema como son la productividad del material a utilizar, el momento de corte, la conservación y la utilización. Palabras clave: Conservación, forrajes, producción carne, bovinos. ABSTRACT In grazing systems, seasonal and inter-annual forage deficit and surplus management throughout the use of forage conservation has an important impact on pasture management and utilization, and consequently on animal performance and livestock system. This paper reports on the yield and quality of different preserved forage sources like silage or hay. Are also discussed the expected animal response with regards to harvest time and storage system (hay vs. silage). Thereby, special emphasis is given to the critical points that guarantee achieving high quality of conserved forages and the utilization of hay or silage as supplement under grazing, as well as for growing and finishing diets in feed yard systems. Finally, the paper highlights the normal nutritional deficiencies in conserved forage and discusses possible correction strategies. Even though it is well known that forage conservation - silage and hay - is a powerful tool for the intensification of livestock production systems, there are key aspects to be considered that guarantee a food reserve of high quality and take advantage of the reserves in the entire system, such as the forage production, harvest time, conservation method and utilization. Keywords: Conservation, forage, meat production, bovines.

This paper provides the state-of-the-art in hydrologic modeling regarding its capability of predicting the effects of climate and land use change on the hydrological cycle. In conclusion, the research challenges are pinpointed, which the community should address as to be able to observe and model, at a regional-scale, the coupled climate-water cycle in response to the human induced changes in climate and land use. The findings presented herein are a compilation resulting from an extensive literature review and the personal expertise of the authors. Given the focus on hydrologic modeling, many other aspects such as the best practices of integrated water resources management, cross-boundary water governance, the establishment of institutional frameworks, empowerment of local communities to participate effectively in water management and policy making, among many other very relevant aspects, were intentionally not considered as not to dilute the focus of the paper.

This paper presents the contributions that researches from Ethology and Evolutive Psychology can bring to Gerontology. From this perspective, human behavior may be understood under the light of Natural Selection. Thus, it is extremely important to consider how society and environment during human evolution were. This comprehension may facilitate the knowledge about how the mind and human society work, and may help to build a modern environment more similar to that of our ancestors. This paper introduces examples of evolutionary researches related to important aspects for gerontology, such as bereavement, depression and the role of grandmothers for raising children.

This paper presents a comparative study of three questionnaires of different levels. The objective of this paper is to determine which questionnaire is most adequate for measuring service quality at a university library in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes. The data collection consisted in the application of three kinds of questionnaires of different answer levels (2 levels, 4 levels, and 6 levels) with the same 22 pairs of functional and dysfunctional questions. The questionnaires follow Kano’s model. The use of this model allows the classification of attributes in as much as 6 categories (qualities): must-be, one-dimensional, attractive, indifferent, reverse, and questionable. To verify which scale is the most reliable, Cronback’s Alpha statistic method was used. Questionnaires will be more reliable as the most adequate scale can be found. The conclusion is that the classification of attributes of quality is different for each level of answer used in the questionnaires. Consistent with Cronback’s Alpha, the use of questionnaires with 6 levels of answer is recommended, since it presents high reliability in the results. With the classification of attributes, the library coordination will be able to invest in really relevant attributes to increase the user satisfaction.

Introduction: Service is now a key element for the economic growth of modern nations. Under a dynamic global competition environment, to increase service capabilities in the supply chains has become even more vital. For companies operating in emerging markets, the continuous upgrades in client’s requests result in a challenging, continuous improvement process in service. In that context, this paper presents a comprehensive method and its informatics tool for improving performance of service supply chains, focusing on the measurement of performance of service suppliers. Method: Based on a case study in the metallurgical sector, this paper proposes a method for evaluating service suppliers, which was developed from a continuous improvement approach. This hybrid method links the application of strategic tools to a multi-criteria decision analysis to improve performance of service supply chains. Results: From a supply chain standpoint, this applied approach is helpful to academics and practitioners who evaluate complex service supplier tasks when operating in emerging markets. Discussion or Conclusion: The proposed method provides visibility and transparency related to service suppliers performance to all members of the supply chain. It delivers preventive information about supplier performance, reducing the costs of replacing suppliers with poor performance. Compared to other approaches, the main advantage of the proposed solution is the integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches to continuously improve service measurement.

In this paper we propose a model to study the learning process of one student during a course. We formulate a stochastic model based on the quality of the teacher’s class and the affinity of the student to understand the sessions, under the assumption that previous sessions have some influence in the understanding of the next sessions. The afore mentioned assumption implies that the process is not a Markov process. We derive some recursive expressions for the distribution of the number of sessions that the student comprehends. Furthermore, we study the convergence of this distribution and illustrate its speed of convergence through some numerical examples. Finally, we apply these results to propose a methodology to estimate the quality of this kind of courses.

In this paper a long-term portfolio optimization model is developed, through the use of economic indicators (CLI and BCI). In this way, an investment portfolio will adjust to the movements of the business cycle, mitigating its risk in the event of possible downturns. The proposed model was tested in Mexico between 1998-2021. The active strategy makes investments in fixed income (Certificados de la Tesorería, CETES) and the market index (Índice de Precios y Cotizaciones, IPC), through operations of 25 % of the capital in monthly decisions. The dynamic investment strategy outperforms market index by 4.3 % in the period analyzed (differences in annual geometric return). In that period, only 5 % of the annual returns of the active strategy were negative, compared to 25.8 % in the market index.

Introduction: the purpose of this research is to analyze the relationships and growth trends of Industry 4.0 within the global universe of current literature on innovation, limited to the subject area of business, administration, and accounting by means of a bibliometric analysis. Method: Scopus is used as a database for the analysis of 513 documents for the period from 1998 to 2021. VOS viewer was used for processing Scopus database and elaboration of figures representing the relationships between samples. Results: the number of documents is exponentially growing, starting with a trend in 2017 and increasing ever since. The most dynamic source is Technological Forecasting And Social Change. The author with most documents is Voight, K. L. with 10, and the most distinguished institution is the University of Johannesburg with 14 documents. The country with more documents is Italy, with 69. According to the database 69 % of the total documents are articles and 23,4 % are conference papers. The number of documents in the area of Business, Management and Accounting, with 513 documents, exceeds by far any other area, representing 42 % of all documents. The funding sponsor with more documents is the National Natural Science Foundations of China with 13 documents. Some of the most updated organizations are Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, The center for digital labor markets. The country with more documents is United Kingdom with 50 documents and 584 citations, followed by United States with 1110 citations. United States has mainly bonds with China, Australia, United Kingdom, Germany and Italy. United Kingdom has mainly bonds with France, Italy, Germany and United States. China’s main relations are Australia, United States, Pakistan, Taiwan, Turkey, Brazil and South Korea. Italy’s main bonds are France, Spain, Brazil, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, Austria and Portugal. It could be determined that countries are mostly grouped in 6 clusters. Conclusion: Although there are not many publications yet, it can be inferred that the term industry 4.0 within the available literature of innovation will keep increasing exponentially over time reinforcing relations between authors, institutions and countries. Based on the current state of literature, the subject area of business, management, and accounting will keep on being the one that encompasses most of the available documents.

The definition of wake-up call is something that alerts people to an unsatisfactory situation and drives them to remedy it. In this sense, today's publication of QS World University Rankings 2020 can be seen as a wake-up call for Ecuador’s universities, SENESCYT, CACES and CES. First, the article assesses the performance of Ecuador’s universities using the QS World University Rankings 2020 method. The analysis reveals that the group of Ecuadorian universities with better performance is extremely small and, in addition, most of the institutions included in the 2020 QS ranking saw their ranking declined with respect to their ranking in 2019. Parallel to the QS ranking, the publication record in SCOPUS journals of 11 better ranked Ecuadorian universities was analyzed for the period 2009-2019. The average annual number of published papers increased drastically in this period from 22.2 to 192 (873%), although the surveyed institutions saw their annual publication record raising, some of them were not able to maintain their position. The second section of the manuscript highlights what the Ecuadorian universities ought to do to improve their performance and their contribution to the progress of society. According to the author, universities must urgently invest in quality, take advantage of the potential of modern learning methods, make research a mature and equivalent component, stimulate cross-border collaboration at all levels and convert the spin-off into hubs of innovation. Doing so requires not only a changing attitude of the authorities, but of the entire academic community of professors and researchers, administrative and technical personnel, but most importantly of the government administrations in charge of higher education. To convert public HEIs into institutions that are capable of offering graduates who possess the knowledge and skills necessary to face the challenges of today and tomorrow while ensuring sustainable economic growth in harmony with the environment, universities must be reengineered in a straightforward way. The institutional pillars subject for renewal are described in the third section of this article. To convert the reengineering of the university into a feasible project, it is essential that the ones that make the decisions open their mind and realize that universities in the 21st century require a completely different governance. Additionally, the noses of all personnel should be turned in the same direction, personnel cooperate intensely, and corruption, collusion and nepotism are eliminated.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in more than 2.9 million deaths and more than 134 million cases around the world, with an estimated lethality of 2.16% since it was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019; based on the reports from John’s Hopkins University (April 9, 2021). The impact of the pandemic has been different in each country, as a result of the different prevention and relief measures being implemented. To date, the vaccination program represents the best hopeful opportunity to fight the pandemic and also emphasizes the importance of research as a tool to solve adverse circumstances for society. This health crisis has demonstrated that the virus can impact patients with comorbidities in a distinct manner resulting in an increased awareness of the importance of healthy habits as well as of programs of preventive health measures. This health crisis has also turned into a social, economic, and education crisis. The projections are not encouraging as it is estimated that it may take several years to recover. To better understand these crises and their effects, it is critical to understand the effect of the pandemic in different areas that may lead to making appropriate decisions that can facilitate a prompt recovery. It is in this context that this special edition of NOVA SCIENTIA becomes a discussion forum to understand the impact of the COVID19 pandemic in different aspects of daily life such as health, economy, education, and social or mental health aspects. Of particular importance is to understand the negative impact of comorbidities in the progression of a COVID-19 patient. In this special edition, we include scientific papers that evaluate different perspectives of the pandemic. In addition, we provide important information that may aid decision-making to mitigate the effects of the pandemic. This number is focused on the Mexican population; however, some of the learning points can be extended to other countries. The invited editors would like to thank the contributions of the authors, the support of the reviewers, and all the administrative team efforts that have made possible the publication of this special edition of NOVA SCIENTIA.

This work aims to reflect on the relationship among "social issue", neoliberalism and the protection of children and adolescents. In order to do so, the paper proposes some reflections about the main conceptual aspects of the mentioned categories, as well as of the reform of the State and networks of protection; based on Netto (2001), Pastorini (2010), Telles (1996, 1999), Amaro (2014), among others. The construction of this text enabled the comprehension of the relation of the "social issue" with capitalism and the contradictions involved in this process, and how the advance of neoliberalism has been going backwards concerning social rights which directly affect the protection of children and adolescents, as well as the rights of the working class in general.

This review article, product of bibliographical research, problematizes the naturalization of social inequalities as a Brazilian sociocultural heritage. The paper provides an analytical review of the rural society (Colonial) and the ascendancy phase of the city’s culture (Republican) in the country. The objective is to identify elements of this inheritance that shape the main dualisms and antagonisms in the 21st century. The assumption is that Brazilian modernity, presided over by personalistic values of an enslaved rural aristocracy, failed to transform the individual into a universal category. The result is emergence and naturalization of the phenomenon of sub-citizenship as a consequence of the abandonment of economically, socially and culturally disinherited subjects.

This paper analyzes the limits and perspectives of access to health services for diagnostic investigation and treatment of abnormal Pap smears. It presents research conducted with women at the Reference Center for the Treatment of Women (CRTM) in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ), Brazil. Its results show scheduled appointment within a period of no more than 30 days, and follow-up in accordance with national cervical cancer control guidelines. However, there were difficulties related to a defect in the examination device and misplaced exams, as well as related to the articulation with the hospital network, for the purpose of procedures and/or treatments, including oncology ones.

Studies have shown that using higher operational capacity harvesters render less fuel consumption per harvested area and, as a result, less operating expenses. This paper aims to obtain the effective fuel consumption per hour of the CASE IH A4000 harvester during the mechanical harvest of raw sugar cane. The study took place in a sugar cane plantation with mechanical harvest in an area belonging to a producer for Coagro (Cooperativa Agroindustrial do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Ltda.) (Agroindustrial Cooperative of the State of Rio de Janeiro), in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. The variety of sugar cane was evaluated at RB867515 in its third cut. The system of automatic data acquisition was built from a volumetric flow sensor to determine the fuel flow, in addition to a data collector (Datalogger) and a global positioning system (GPS) device. To determine the fuel consumption per hour, data from the fuel flow sensor were used. The consumption per hour of fuel was 33.9 L.h-1. The effective consumption was estimated in 1.84 L. ton-1. The consumption per hour and the effective consumption of the CASE IH A4000 were more than double of what the manufacturers stipulated, which means, the consumption is much higher than desirable.

The electrocardiogram signal (ECG) is a bio-signal used to determine cardiac health. However, different types of noise that commonly accompany these signals can hide valuable information for diagnosing disorders. The paper presents an experimental study to remove the noise in ECG signals using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) theory and a set of thresholds filters for efficient noise filtering. For the assessment process, we used ECG records from MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database (MITDB) and standardized noise signals (muscle activity and electrode-skin contact) database from the Noise Stress Test database. In addition to the ECG signals a white Gaussian noise present in electrical type signals was added. Furthermore, as a first step we considered baseline wander and power line interference reduction. The metrics used are the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), the Percent Root mean square Difference (PRD), and the Euclidian L2 Norm standard (L2N). Results reveal that there is not a single combination of filtering thresholds (function and value) to minimize all types of noise and interference present in ECG signals. Reason why an ECG denoising algorithm is proposed which allows choosing the appropriate combination (function-value) threshold, where the SNR values were the maximum and the error values were the minimum.

Cuenca is a city situated in a high-risk seismic zone, vulnerable to earthquakes, in particular the Historical Center is quite vulnerable as defined in a previous seismic vulnerability study carried out by the Seismic Network of the Austro (1999-2002), within the frame of the P-BID 400 project Seismic hazard in Southern Ecuador, vulnerability and seismic risk in the city of Cuenca. The work presented in this paper is an update of the vulnerability study developed and delivered to GAD-Cuenca within the framework of a cooperation agreement. In a first phase the project was limited to the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of the Historical Center of the city applying the capacity building model, providing a fundamental improvement with respect to a previous study carried out within the framework of the P-BID 400 project. The article explains the progress in the methodological approach by enabling to address the seismic vulnerability at territorial scale by employing the Level Two Method of the European RISK-EU project, more specifically the Capacity Spectrum Method. Furthermore, the article presents the general guidelines of the project and the progress made in relation to the typological characterization of the built heritage, modeling and computational implementation of the Capacity Spectrum Method.

Introduction: In this paper, it is presented an assessment of different windowing techniques and denoising methods applied to detect the Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) contained into the electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. The objective is to analyze advantages and disadvantages of each technique performance to identify correctly the VEP waveform and to quantify the latency which is a parameter commonly used as an indicator of ocular diseases. Method: Assessment of techniques was performed considering rigorous controlled conditions on the signal set, to assure that obtained results were linked just to the technique performances and avoid any undesirable effect due to the natural interference of acquisition of signals. For this reason, a simulated signals set was created based on a typical VEP waveform commonly registered around 100ms after an external stimulus was applied in the routine clinical study. Additionally, two evaluation stages were considered: fixed latency parameters stage and random latency parameters stage. Results: The best results without filter was with rectangular window and the use of elliptic filter can help to extract the VEP with a rectangular window too. For wavelet denoising the best result is Biorthogonal 2.6 wavelet with a Hamming window. Discussion or Conclusion: Five parameters were proposed to assessment the VEP extraction performed: signal noise ratio (SNR) mean square error (MSE), average latency (AL), latency standard deviation (LSD) and latency correlation variance (LCV) as representative factors to be considered on evaluations of VEP extraction methods. SNR and MSE were focused to assess the level of noise that remain in signal after windowing & denoising method was applied. In the other hand AL, LSD and LCV were oriented to evaluate the impact of the method on the VEP latency estimation.

This paper analyzes the policy of democratic management in the public schools and its functioning regarding the social, economic, political and cultural configurations in contemporary Brazil. It indicates the confluence between the participatory / democratizing project and the process of structural adjustment. Its purpose is to share with the scientific and school communities some thoughts and conclusions about the democratization mechanisms of the public school held by School Councils in times of neoliberal adjustment. The study also identifies the advances, limits and possibilities of this trajectory that counted on the effective participation of representatives of the various sectors of the school community.

This paper presents a diagnosis of sanitation in the Ururaí neighborhood, located in Campos, Brazil. The study was based on both quantitative and qualitative data gathering methods using the following research instruments: photographic record, semi-structured interviews with residents, and physicochemical and microbiological analysis of water quality of the residences and of the Ururaí River. The photographic records did not find one consistency of the local sanitation system. Interviews conducted with one area of the neighborhood show that 63% of residents are not satisfied with the sanitation service, while questionnaires applied in the second area present a higher percentage - 83%. During the investigation, we verified the presence of coliform bacteria in water samples collected in the Ururaí River as well as at residences. Based on the results, we found precariousness of services involving sanitation in the area. Therefore, this work proposes future educational activities in the region.

Allowing cyclists in bus lanes is an alternative to encourage diversity in mobility within consolidated cities, as this allows providing an infrastructure for cycling in places where for the limited right-of-way it is not possible to provide an independent lane. Apart of efficiency and safety, combining two modes of transport in the same space generates concerns such as the bus-cyclist interaction. Therefore, the design of shared bus-bike lanes (SBBLs) should ensure efficiency and safety for buses and cyclists. The lack of a general standard for the design of SBBLs hindered their implementation in the cities of developing countries that generally lack the human, economic and technical resources to adjust via research the design to the prevailing local conditions. This paper presents an analysis of design guidelines for SBBLs applied in Europe, North America and Australia, showing that the type of cycling infrastructure, the alignment within the SBBL and the lane width, are the parameters that should be considered to ensure safety and efficiency of these two modes. Furthermore, review of the literature on bus and bicycle mobility systems in Paris, revealed that increasing the public transport and cycling ridership not only depends on the quality of the built infrastructure, but also on the coordination between the design, operation, enforcement and control of the proper use of such structures and the measures implemented to discourage the use of private vehicles.

This paper presents a seismic vulnerability assessment of a single-family dwelling in confined masonry, a common construction type in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. The macroscopic properties of hollow and solid brick masonry are derived from mesoscopic finite element analyses of masonry piers. The structure is modeled using an equivalent frame method, in which masonry walls are defined as piers or spandrels using a macro-element model; reinforced columns and beams and orthotropic floor slabs are also included. Several models, considering a deterministic geometry and stochastic properties of masonry, are analyzed using a quasi-static pushover method. The results of these analyses are used to define a single equivalent macro-element that incorporates in-plane shear and flexural failure modes and is capable of reproducing the cyclic behavior of the 3D model. Non-linear dynamic time history analyses are finally performed on the single equivalent macro-element for different earthquake ground motions that are selected from the PEER Ground Motion Database and that are compatible with the Ecuadorian design spectrum for several PGA levels. The maximum response is compared with different performance levels and the fragility curves are determined using a maximum likelihood analysis. The proposed methodology can be used for seismic vulnerability analysis when few data are available, but is subject to high levels of uncertainty, so further analysis and experiments on materials and structural components are needed.

The paper presents a qualitative research of exploratory nature, which was developed in two phases. Initially, it has been carried out a literature review in order to discuss the contributions of the social management model for strengthening the school councils as a democratic space. Then it has been conducted a case study about the regulation of the School Council in the School System of Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. The main results showed that the model of social management has features such as dialogue, participation, democratization and empowerment, which can contribute to the strengthening of the school board as a democratic space.

English teachers in Ecuadorian universities, like teachers in many non-native English-speaking countries, face the challenge of dealing with uninterested, unmotivated students, even when intermediate proficiency of English is a basic requirement for graduation. As from the end of 2014, the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca modified the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction at the three proficiency levels of English learning, by linking the training in reading to the reading of major related material and stimulating the students to practice actively the four English language skills outside the classroom using website and video hosting sites. At the end of 2016, the students’ impressions of being exposed to the modified way of student-centered instruction were assessed using a questionnaire. A total of 106 students completed online the 10-question survey. Results showed the enthusiasm of the students towards the modified more dynamic and interactive mode of EFL instruction; appreciated that more autonomy and responsibility were given to the students, and suggested that focus on grammar should not be neglected. An important side effect of the approach was the indirect harnessing of listening, writing, reading and speaking skills as well as skills in the reading and analysis of thematic research papers; considered an important benefit for the thesis project.

Este artículo caracteriza la situación de vulnerabilidad y exclusión social de los migrantes indocumentados que cruzan la frontera Petén-Tabasco en el sur de México, (Puerto fronterizo Petén-Tabasco). Partiendo de la aplicación de las autoridades en materia de respeto a los derechos humanos. Asimismo, tiene como objetivo ubicar la posición del Trabajo Social para con las poblaciones vulnerables de migrantes indocumentados. Resultado: La migración es una disciplina que entra a escena cuando no hay trabajadores sociales en las diferentes dependencias migratorias y en la casa del migrante “la 72” (en el cruce fronterizo con Tenosique). Conclusión: la propuesta integra sus principios y fines a partir de la observación de los abusos y exclusiones detectadas en la zona para con los migrantes, y realiza recomendaciones con la finalidad del mejoramiento de la vida de estas comunidades. This article aims to contribute to an overview of the situation of vulnerability and social exclusion of undocumented migrants crossing the Petén-Tabasco border in southern Mexico. Starting from the application and the many o little professionalization that the authorities have in respect of human rights. The objective of this paper is to locate the position of Social Work with vulnerable populations of undocumented migrants, this discipline comes on the scene when it is seen that there are no social workers in the different migratory units and in the migrant's house "la 72 "(At the border crossing with Tenosique). Therefore, the proposal is to integrate its principles and aims from the observation of the abuses and exclusions detected in the area towards migrants, and make recommendations for the purpose of improving the lives of these communities.

This paper presents a controller performance that is develop employing an adaptive B-spline neural network algorithm for adjusting the rotor speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. It includes a comparative analysis with three control strategies: conventional proportional integral, sliding mode and fuzzy logic. Also, gives a systematic way to determine the optimal control gains and improve the tracking error performance. A methodology for the adaptive controller and its training procedure are explained. The efficacy of the proposed method is analyzed using time simulations where the motor is subjected to disturbances and reference changes. The proposed control technique exhibits the best performance because it can adapt to every condition, demanding low computational effort for an on-line operation and considering the system nonlinearities.

This paper presents the theoretical basis I have used to better understand the dimension of the task I intend to accomplish. As Educational Advisor at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), campus Realengo, my plan is to develop and expand the so called Talent Show Project, by complementing technical training, and providing opportunities for artistic and cultural expression. The study also presents several reflections for achieving the expansion of the scope of the Project intervention, which can become an institutional program developed at IFRJ.

This paper considers a review of the literature major and significant methods of quality indices of water applied in surface water bodies, used and proposed for assessing the significance of parameters of water quality in the assessment of surface water currents and they are usually used in making decisions for intervention and strategic prevention measures for those responsible for the conservation and preservation of watersheds where these water bodies belong. An exploratory methodology was applied to realize the conceptualization of each water quality index. As a result, it is observed that there are several important methods for determining the water quality index applied in surface water bodies.

Silicon Valley emerged as a center of research and innovative technological development. The unprecedented success of Silicon Valley is a result of the interaction between the structural transformation of technology and economic resources, and the social, cultural and institutional conditions of entrepreneurship. Ecuador created recently the City of Knowledge “Yachay”; named the “Ecuadorian Silicon Valley”. The objective of this paper is to analyze the Government-Industry, Government-University, and University-Industry interactions in Silicon Valley and Ecuador in general, as basis for the identification of achievements and gaps. First, a brief review of the historical evolution of Silicon Valley during its 70 years of existence is given, highlighting the amazing and unexpected growth and technological and economic progress. The methodology used in this article is the Triple Helix model enabling to analyze the interactions between the three sectors: Government, Industry, and University. The initial double helix Government-University and University-Industry interactions in Silicon Valley converged over time into the triple helix University-Industry-Government relations. This article identifies the limitations of the relationships and suggest the strategies that the Ecuadorian government should pursue and implement the ones that lead the Valley to success. Ecuador is now trying to develop a knowledge economy in anticipation that someday its economy based on natural resources might dry up.

The extrajudicial conciliation procedures in law has been shown as the suitable method for the large number of qualified intersubjective conflicts; becoming as an effective and reliable tool that has all the advantages to be a justice that reconstructs the social fabric in essence; therefore, should be understood as a socio-legal institution. This paper shows the progress result of the research study that investigates the effectiveness of extrajudicial conciliation in law as a settlement mechanism for qualified intersubjective conflicts in the municipality of El Espinal - Tolima. For this matter, it was conducted a thorough study of the offer from the private sector in (notaries, Chamber of Commerce and Cooperative University of Colombia, branch El Espinal) about extrajudicial conciliation in law in the municipality mentioned above. It was found that the extrajudicial conciliation in law in the offer from the private sector not only is the least known but also is barely used; likewise, it is poorly articulated with the rest of the offer. In order to strengthen the conciliation, it is relevant to divulge its importance as an effective instrument to solve conflicts and its articulation with the offer from the public sector in the municipality of Espinal.

Problem solving is a critical area in the teaching of mathematics, due to the fact that the student has to implement concepts, abilities, procedures and strategies to succeed. This paper shows the characterization of the types of mathematical errors in the operative knowledge evidenced in a group of students when they solve problems of quadratic surfaces in Vectorial Calculus. This work had as reference the two stage theory of Mayer to solve problems and classification of errors according to Rico L. The study was based on an exploratory and descriptive focus. For the recollection of information an specific open and closed question questionnaire was designed and applied. One of the main findings highlighted is that 32% of the participants wrongly uses the data presented in the enunciate, 56% commit algebraic errors, 41% represent the correspondent graph erroneously, 26% left the graphical representation blank, 44% utilize deform definitions or theorems and 60% make mistakes verifying their found answers. The above rectifies the importance that procedural knowledge has in the solution of problems, independent of the factors or causes that may have originated. This motivates teachers of the area in the search for solutions of this difficulty, utilizing the errors as the source of the teaching activities.

O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar a condição das mulheres afegãs e a divisão sexual do trabalho a partir do romance “O Livreiro de Cabul”, da jornalista norueguesa Asne Seierstad, escrito em 2002. Seierstad conviveu por três meses com a atípica família de um livreiro no Afeganistão e pôde acompanhar sua rotina. Revoltada com a condição de vida das mulheres, produziu um relato que pode ser compreendido a partir do gênero como categoria de análise sociológica. Dessa forma, este paper utilizará trechos do livro e os discutirá à luz de teorias.

This paper aims to describe the role, tasks and working conditions of Nursing personnel working on board of vessels and offshore platforms. This is also a descriptive and exploratory study carried out from March 2012 to June 2014, with the objective of describing and characterizing these professionals. Two types of Nursing professionals were found in the offshore market: maritime and offshore nurses. Profiles were described as well as their categories, functions and academic titles. There are more opportunities for professionals working on offshore platforms than in vessels. Some challengers were raised and some lack of onboard inspection by the Nursing Council were found.

This text is related to the PhD dissertation entitled “Policy Institutional Assessment in Vocational Education Technological Literacy: Faculties of Technology Paula Souza Center, in São Paulo”. The study was based on the principles of qualitative research in education, and theoretical and methodological studies in the field of education policy and management; public policies and sociology of education (evaluation). The paper discusses institutional evaluation within the legal context, following LDB 9394/96 and complementary legislation. Thus, the objective of the study is to reflect on how the concept of evaluation, in its different forms and purposes, is considered by educational policies in legal acts, as well as to analyze appreciate the value given to evaluation in the context of the State Administrative Reform apparatus.

The purpose of this article is to present a the project of a Multi-Purpose Sport Complex with its outlined infrastructure based on essential ideas that will lead to preliminary studies. The paper presents a brief historical overview of the local environment and of the systemic universe of the organization at all levels. These factors are decisive for the creation of the spaces in the Complex, directed not only to sports, but also to culture and leisure; making it necessary to seek identification of guiding requirements for its implementation in order to detect possible deviations in certain phases of the project implementation stages. Thus, according to a study of the development life cycle, the intention is to define the appropriate feedback system, aiming to correct deficiencies and making adjustments throughout the process in order to obtain the relevant certificates, certifications and authorizations, thus obtaining from internal and external customers proper approval during the construction process and the use phase.

In this paper aims at contextualizing important landmarks of Vocational Education in Brazil in the 2000s during the Reform of Vocational Education promoted by Lula's government. We discuss the National Qualification Program, PNQ (2005) Decree 5154/04 (2004), which revoked Decree 2208/97 by reestablishing the integration of Basic and Vocational education with PROEJA (2006).