Search

Analyses show that crises like the Covid-19 pandemic had gendered effects. This paper explores its impact on gender-based violence (GBV) policies in Spain. We carry out an empirical analysis addressing the case of Information Centres for Women, a local institution in the region of Galicia aimed at promoting equality and tackling GBV. We use a survey to gather information on three key dimensions of GBV policies (resources, actions and coordination) before, during, and after the pandemic. The study shows that there were no significant setbacks in terms of funding and personnel during lockdown. Yet, resources were not enlarged despite increasing levels of violence. Actions had to focus on priority issues and preventive measures were mostly paralyzed, while coordination with other institutions became more difficult. Data gathered for the post-pandemic period indicates that some of these changes remained in place. The article contributes to academic debates by delving into an understudied policy issue: the impact of the pandemic on equality policies at the local level.

Resistance in academia is a pervasive phenomenon. Gender equality was prescribed more than a decade ago in Spain, but the problem remains unsolved. Contributing to feminist institutionalism, this paper identifies both the manifestations of resistance intended to interfere in the implementation of gender equality initiatives in Spanish universities and the strategic responses enacted by gender equality agents to counteract those resistances. To this end, we conducted in-depth interviews with the female directors of Equality Units (EqUs) at six public universities in Madrid. Despite increasing support for gender equality, the research results confirm the existence of a complex web of resistance. EqUs deploy a wide range of strategies to neutralise the refusal to accept or comply with gender equality initiatives, but these are mainly, albeit not exclusively, embodied in actions of survival. We argue that although limited, these specialised bodies’ capacity for agency has not been obliterated and could be used to put alternative and more proactive counter strategies in place to bring about fundamental change. Overall, the findings yield new insights into the progress of and resistance to gender equality initiatives in universities.

This paper succinctly examines the impact and effects of the COVID-19 crisis on the Spanish economy and labour market, with a particular focus on immigrants. The data reveal a significant negative differential effect among foreigners. The paper therefore recommends public administrations continue to work to prevent growing rootlessness and inequality.

Year after year Spain’s seasonal agricultural workers are in the news. In 2020, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the same problems were repeated over and over again. This paper analyses four cases that made the news: the conditions of the informal settlements in Andalusia; the Moroccan temporary workers hired in their country of origin who ended up trapped in Huelva; the death of an asylum seeker in Lorca and what it reveals about harsh rural working conditions; and seasonal workers living on the street in Lleida, which once again prompted debate over their housing conditions in the midst of the first COVID-19 outbreaks of the summer. The final objective of the paper is to use specific cases to illustrate longstanding structural problems and suggest possible solutions in the short, medium and long term.

This paper describes the state of play for mixed unions between nationals and foreigners and for their descendants in Spain. Broadly termed “mixticidad”, this growing worldwide phenomenon, is beginning to be better known in this country. First, a mainly descriptive statistical overview is given of the main patterns and evolution (in terms of time, type and geographical distribution), both in relation to mixed unions and the births resulting from them. Second, the paper explores the deeper meanings of this reality using first-hand ethnographic information, which allows us to make some reflections on its meaning and social consequences in Spanish social inclusion and exclusion dynamics. Finally, some conclusions are offered along with the main findings.

This paper examines the main challenges and limits of the state reception and integration system. Since the so-called refugee crisis of 2015, Spain has become one of the European countries that receives most asylum seekers. The growing demand for international protection has shown the limits of the state’s reception and integration provision. Inadequate resources, a rigid integration pathway and a lack of coordination between local and regional actors have hampered the effectiveness of the reception and integration system, seriously jeopardising its capacity to meet applicants’ needs. Those in the most vulnerable situations have been most affected. The paper concludes by suggesting possible improvement pathways to guarantee a system that is fit to meet the new migration challenges.

Setting up legal and safe pathways to the European Union is a crucial part of the reform of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), and resettlement programmes are one of the most relevant instruments in this regard. This paper examines the measures and recent proposals on resettlement adopted in the European Union, demonstrating: a) that resettlement must continue to be humanitarian in nature and complement accessing international protection; and b) that it cannot be an argument for adopting more restrictive policies towards asylum applications made in national territory. This paper also assesses the impact of EU resettlement policies in Spain, which underwent a significant shift with the adoption of Asylum Law 12/2009 and the introduction of an annual national resettlement programme.

The Great Recession (2008-2013) worsened the labor market position of young Spaniards. despite governments launched labor market reforms in 2010 y 2012 to improve labor stability, permanent employment accounted for only 10 percent of total new contracts. This paper tries to disentangle which factors are hindering the promotion of open-ended contracts to stabilize Spanish young workers into permanent employment. These analysis use panel data from the MCVL (Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales). The results indicate that, although having an open-ended contract increases the probability of being employed after two years, only 50 percent of these initial contracts survive. The structure of labor demand explains this instability.

Objectius: El present article vol oferir l'estat complet dels estudis fílmics en les revistes indexades a SCImago i ESCI vinculades a les ciències socials en els darrers quinze anys. -- Metodologia: Després d'estudiar-ne l'univers complet (5.343 articles), hem analitzat amb una metodologia quantitativa d'anàlisi de contingut el volum de la producció específica dels estudis fílmics: un 3,9 % de l'univers publicat a Scopus (104 articles) i un 9,7 % de l'univers publicat a ESCI (266 articles). -- Resultats: Es conclou una clara predominança dels treballs amb una sola signatura masculina, en recerques entorn de la narrativa audiovisual a partir d'anàlisis qualitatives centrades en el discurs, amb preferència sobre enfocaments historicocontextuals o d'índole quantitativa. Objective: Our work tries to offer the concrete state of the film studies on the journals (SCIMAGO and ESCI) indexed in the Social Sciences category. -- Methodology: We have studied the complete universe (5343 papers), and applied a quantitative approach based on a content analysis methodology over the film studies concrete production: 3,9 % of the whole SCOPUS universe (104 papers) and 9,7 % of the ESCI universe (266 papers). -- Results: We have found a clear predominance of the papers signed by a single male author, using qualitative analyses based on the discourse analysis methodology on the audiovisual narrative field, over other possible approaches as the historic-contextual processes or the quantitative methodologies.

Objetivos: El presente artículo pretende ofrecer el estado completo de los estudios fílmicos en las revistas indexadas en SCImago y ESCI vinculadas a las ciencias sociales en los últimos quince años. -- Metodología: Tras estudiar el universo completo (5.343 artículos), hemos analizado con una metodología cuantitativa de análisis de contenido el volumen de la producción específica de los estudios fílmicos: un 3,9 % del universo publicado en Scopus (104 artículos) y un 9,7 % del universo publicado en ESCI (266 artículos). -- Resultados: Se concluye una clara predominancia de los trabajos con una única firma masculina, en investigaciones en torno a la narrativa audiovisual a partir de análisis cualitativos centrados en el discurso, con preferencia sobre enfoques histórico-contextuales o de índole cuantitativa. Objective: Our work tries to offer the concrete state of the film studies on the journals (SCIMAGO and ESCI) indexed in the Social Sciences category. -- Methodology: We have studied the complete universe (5343 papers), and applied a quantitative approach based on a content analysis methodology over the film studies concrete production: 3,9 % of the whole SCOPUS universe (104 papers) and 9,7 % of the ESCI universe (266 papers). -- Results: We have found a clear predominance of the papers signed by a single male author, using qualitative analyses based on the discourse analysis methodology on the audiovisual narrative field, over other possible approaches as the historic-contextual processes or the quantitative methodologies.

This paper studies the relationships between immigration and the welfare state in Spain from a triple perspective. First, the role social benefits may have had on the Spanish immigrant experience as a pull factor is analysed. The paper goes on to study the way immigration can affect the maintenance of the welfare state, investigating both the possible effects of the increased ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversity on the support of the national population for the welfare state, as well as its effect on social spending in terms of monetary and health benefits. Lastly, and changing perspective, the contribution of immigration to the maintenance of the private market for welfare services is assessed, especially in terms of caring for dependents.

This paper seeks to contribute to the debate on migrant detention centres in Spain (CIEs in the Spanish acronym) and the detention of foreigners, providing upto-date information and data on a changing reality, which is increasingly complex, and which it is necessary to approach without prejudices. Beginning with the legitimacy of the positions that advocate the abolition of the CIEs or their reform, material for reflection is brought to a highly polarised debate in which the various stances seem irreconcilable. The paper argues for the reform of the CIEs and the various elements that make up the expulsion system in force in Spain, and analyses the main arguments put forward by those who support the immediate closure of the CIEs.

L'ombra de les grans diferències de fecunditat plana de nou sobre les poblacions europees. L'aportació al creixement natural de les poblacions foranes ha constituït un leit-motif en Demografia al segle passat. La por no es basa en la grandària de la família, o sigui la quantitat de fills que tenen les dones vingudes de fora, sinó en les conseqüències a llarg termini. La qüestió que provoca temors es centra en la proporció en què les generacions futures estaran formades per persones els pares són fuera.La principal diferència que s'ha observat fins ara, resideix en els temps en què es tenen els fills i no exclusivament en el resultat final. L'objectiu d'aquest treball consisteix a contrastar les diferències de natalitat i fecunditat entre el conjunt d'Espanya i les dones estrangeres que viuen al país. La hipòtesi que es presenta a comprovació enuncia que la distància quantitativa entre els indicadors de fecunditat d'ambdós grups no és tan gran com se suposa o altres indicadors bruts fan pensar. Una discussió metodològica s'imposa ja que cada índex representa un aspecte diferent de la fecunditat de les dones. Fertility of different segments of women in Spain: a not so large gap Abstract: The shadow of a large gap in fertility looms again over the European populations. During the last century, the contribution of the foreign population to natural population growth constituted a leitmotiv in Demographics and other disciplines. The concern thereby is not based on the number of members of a family; that is the quantity of children that foreign women have, but on the long-term consequences of this matter. The question that provokes anxiety is centered on the proportion of foreign parents or parents with foreign origins of future generations. The principal difference that has been observed until now comprises the moment in which women have their children, and not exclusively the final number of children. The aim of this paper is to contrast the differences of fertility and birth rates between the Spanish female population and foreign women who currently live in the country. The hypothesis which will be demonstrated formulates that the gap between different indicators of fertility is not as big as supposed and as other raw indicators made us think. A methodological discussion is imposed about this issue because each indicator represents a different aspect of fertility of women.

This article analyzes the adoption of project management practices in development cooperation NGOs and their influence on project performance. This paper illustrates the impact in the implementation of methodologies, techniques and tools on outcomes, measured by success criteria of several projects recently implemented. Information from the project managers of the organizations was collected, and complemented by a literature review. We analyzed the correlation among the variables that determine the adoption of a project, and the criteria that determine its success. The positive effect of project management adoption in the performance of cooperation projects is demonstrated, in spite of the low use of methodologies, techniques and tools within the sector. The article shows the importance of project management in cooperation and aid projects, with the purpose of increasing researchers’ awareness about the field as applicable knowledge and about the benefits of its use in the sector. The paper shows that project management can improve project efficiency and accountability in other sectors.

Recently, a significant share of the empirical analysis on the impact of public capital on regional growth has used multivariate time-series frameworks based on vector autoregressive (VAR) models. Nevertheless, not as much attention has been dedicated to the analysis of the long-run determinants of regional growth processes using multi-region panel data and applying panel integration and co-integration techniques. This paper estimates the dynamic domestic effects of public infrastructure using a structural vector autoregressive (S-VAR) methodology for the Spanish regions. From a methodological point of view, the paper contains several features that can be viewed as a contribution to the existing empirical literature. First, the important issues of the stationarity of the data and the existence and estimation of cointegrating relationships in the long-run are addressed in the context of the analysis of panel data. Secondly, the long-run cointegrating production function is embedded within structural vector error correction (S-VEC) shortrun models to produce consistent estimates of impulse responses, contrary to many researchers who have estimated unrestricted VAR models in levels or VAR models in first differences. The estimates reveal new results with respect to the previous empirical evidence.

The importance of protecting the health of immigrants has been widely recognised as a necessary condition for responding effectively to the COVID-19 pandemic. The need to ensure that all migrants have access to healthcare, regardless of their administrative situation, has been underlined. In this context, this paper briefly reviews the main measures adopted in immigration and healthcare in different European countries and focuses specifically on the Spanish case. It highlights how little has been done to reduce the vulnerabilities of immigrant groups to COVID-19. Progress in this area would have required initiatives to eliminate the linguistic, organisational and administrative barriers that prevent these groups from having full access to virus prevention, diagnosis and containment measures.

The difficulties Spanish university students face in the labour market – especially since the beginning of the 2008 crisis – have made emigration a recurring topic of public debate. However, the scarcity of available statistical sources has limited its quantitative analysis. This paper provides original empirical evidence on the trajectories, profiles, motivations and destinations of university graduates based on the Labour Insertion Survey of University Graduates for the 2009/2010 academic year (EILU-2014). The results show that: a) in the five years following their graduation, 22% of the graduates had lived abroad for some time, although the majority had already returned to Spain; and b) a notable diversity in migration projects by country of destination and field of study.

This paper addresses the effects of Spain’s social organisation of care on immigrant women employed in the domestic and care sector in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Rights and well-being in the sector already faced growing risks and inequality. The migration–care nexus is analysed in the light of meso and macro dynamics that allow their effects and causes to be identified. Possible measures and policies are proposed for improving the situation of immigrant women employed in this sector, which is a byword for precariousness and vulnerability.

A tension is notable in the regulation of asylum claims for reasons of sexual orientation and gender identity in Spain and across the whole EU. On the one hand, an increasingly inclusive framework of recognition is emerging from the trend towards improving the protection of LGBTIpeople subjected to discrimination and violence in large parts of the world and upholding their rights. On the other hand, there is a restrictionist drift in international protection systems. This paper analyses the processes of the so-called deterrent paradigm as obstacles to accessing territories and procedures. It goes on to look at the specific difficulties this type of refugee faces in accessing protection, in particular concerning the application of the principles of discretion and internal flight, information about countries of origin and credibility assessments.

The sociodemographic changes experienced over the past 20 years have led to an increase in the demand for carers among families in Spain. These transformations, along with the increase in foreign women willing to work in domestic service, could explain the greater social importance of this labour sector. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to learn whether domestic service is a means of accessing administrative regularisation in the destination country, analysing the differences between female Latin American and African workers in a case study in the Madrid area. The study uses a qualitative methodology that gathers the experiences of 12 Latin American and 10 African women domestic workers and is complemented by interviews with specialists and experts on labour regulations and migrant women’s integration into the workforce.

This paper uses primary and secondary data to examine the extent to which the electoral success of VOX in the 2018–2019 Spanish elections may have been fuelled by negative attitudes towards immigration. The data show that VOX voters view this issue less favourably than the voters of other right-wing parties, yet it is unclear how decisively it affected their vote. Perceived grievances about access to public resources and unease about deteriorating working conditions exist, but they scarcely tend to cause anti-immigrant hostility: the political and business classes are blamed. Hence the importance of nuanced approaches that avoid equating qualms about immigration and its impact with scornful rejection.

This paper analyses the reality of sexual and gender-based violence in the Spanish southern border space. Increased migrant and refugee arrivals in the Mediterranean, especially since 2015, and the European Union’s outsourcing of immigration control have resulted in a shift from the eastern route (Greece) to the western (southern border). The study focuses on refugee and migrant women who reach that border and analyses both the embodied violence they face, and the strategies to resist it and continue with their migration.

Recent migrations in Spain have been seen in the light of the crisis (lower immigration, return to country/region of origin and remigration) and of incipient economic recovery (return to Spain and resumption of immigration). A territorial perspective must be added to this analysis and is the subject of this paper, because immigration – which had helped bring dynamism to various metropolises and certain rural spaces – was altered as of 2008. At the metropolitan level, peri-urban areas become places of expulsion and lose their capacity to attract. At the same time, the flows that had contributed to the tentative demographic recovery of certain rural municipalities decrease. In sum, major territorial transformations resulted that have, in turn, changed during the present economic recovery.

This paper analyzes the Simpson paradox related to the sociological profile of Spanish farmers according to their agro-environmental behavior, in particular regarding the adoption of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). For this, the association between this agro-ecological decision and the endogenous factors of the adoption is studied. When this statistical phenomenon is ignored then it implies a wrong conclusion about the correlation of the variables. To this proposal, a sample of Spanish farmers is used, in whose farms they mainly adopt GAP of soil conservation. The results show the misinterpretation of the correlation results in the adoption of good practices if the implications of Simpson's paradox are not duly taken into account.

This paper analyzes the patterns of cooperation in Spain researchers in history of science, through an analysis of co-authorship in scientific publications in the area, contained in the databases Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Science Citation Index (SCI) for the period 1990-2009. The results show an increase in scientific output over a limited period and scientific collaboration, as only 18,61% of the papers have been signed by more than one author.

This paper presents the results of the final phase of the Longitudinal Study of the Second Generation (ILSEG, in its Spanish acronym) in Spain, which was carried out in three phases between 2006 and 2017 based on surveys of a statistically representative sample of the children of immigrants and the native population. The findings support the theory of segmented assimilation – the conceptual framework used for this study. The similarity observed between the children of immigrants and the native population on a series of important issues indicates a generally positive process of integration and the participation of both groups in a shared social universe. Some exceptions to this general pattern are, however, identified, and warnings are given about their possible consequences.

After a decade of economic crisis in Spain, many immigrants face highly precarious living conditions. The institutional response amounts to reincentivising assisted return, without managing to grasp or support the range of strategies for reacting to the crisis used by the actors involved. This paper analyses Malian migration, an example of the relationship between economic slowdown and the evolution of the patterns of mobility and rooting in migration pathways. For many Malians, the chance to move around becomes a key resource for professional retraining and the search for new sources of income. In many cases, such movement replaces long-term plans for return, as, paradoxically, unemployment and precariousness both increase the desire to return home and make it more difficult.

This paper reviews the consequences of the lack of approval of the Asylum Regulation in Spain, specifically with regard to family reunification, requests made at diplomatic missions, border processing time, the right to stay for humanitarian reasons, the protection of people in situations of particular vulnerability, legal assistance and freedom of movement for asylum seekers from Ceuta and Melilla to travel to the peninsula. Two types of situations are identified whose origins lie in the lack of regulatory development of the 2009 law. On the one hand, delays and difficulties have resulted in the application of certain legal dispositions, while in other areas divergent interpretations by different actors have occurred (the administration, courts, ombudsman).

Spain has one of the highest rates of early leaving from education and training (ELET) in the EU and the greatest polarisation by origin. This paper presents and analyses some results from the project Reducing Early School Leaving in Europe (RESL.eu), which has researched the systemic, institutional and individual processes and factors that lead to the premature interruption of education. Based on the sample of the Spanish study carried out in two regions of Catalonia, this work investigates the higher incidence of ELET among foreign-origin students. Improving support for educational transitions and providing more inclusive routes emerge as the most important challenges in order for schooling to really promote the social integration of young people of foreign origin.

This paper examines Spain’s immigrant population integration processes from 2007 to 2014. It takes as its starting point a previous study (Godenau et al., 2014; Rinken et al., 2016) that revealed different patterns in distinct fields in the first period of the crisis that began in 2008 (until 2011), to check whether these tendencies have persisted. The extent to which the evolution of the disparities between natives and immigrants depended on their respective paths is also analysed. In the fields of social relations and citizenship favourable integration paths were maintained, while the foreign population remained at a significant disadvantage on economic and labour issues. However, that disadvantage decreased in the second part of the crisis due to the native population’s relatively less favourable evolution.

This paper addresses the consequences of the 2008 economic crisis for collective management of hiring at source (GECCO in its Spanish acronym) in the agricultural sector in the provinces of Huelva and Lleida, as well as for the migrant workers there. The research shows that in neither case did the freezing during the crisis of this labour importation procedure result in a fall in the hiring of foreign workers, as agriculture entrepreneurs reacted to the shutting down of GECCO by organising their own private programmes. By examining statistical sources and using 43 in-depth interviews with migrants from both regions this process is analysed along with the impact of the crisis situation on the migrants themselves.

This paper addresses the labour integration of immigrants who arrived in Spain before they were 13 years old (known as generation 1.5), and analyses the likelihood of them being unemployed or having a temporary contract. The results show that migrants of both sexes from Latin America, eastern Europe and Africa find themselves in a worse position than Spaniards. The gap is wider in cohorts that entered the labour market more recently, and is non-existent among the oldest. With certain exceptions, the differences disappear when controlling for various factors. While Africans continue to be at greater risk of unemployment, eastern Europeans and Asians outperform the native population, the latter group even in terms of temporality.

In this paper, the evolution of the disposable income of immigrants in Spain is analysed over the last economic cycle, taking into consideration the average income, inequality and the distribution of immigrants in fixed income classes. Then this evolution is compared with that of the national population, and finds that the gaps increased until the crisis arrived and were subsequently maintained. Finally, an explanation in terms of the intensity of the immigration is proposed.

The issue of South-North migration within the EU has not only caught the attention of numerous researchers, it has also become a subject of concern in public opinion. This paper analyses the development of migration from Spain to the northern countries of the EU and focuses on its main characteristics and, above all, on the great selectivity of the flow. Following this line, it addresses the mechanisms that lie at the origin of this selectivity and their possible social and political implications. Finally, it reflects on possible future South-North mobility scenarios within the EU; an issue of great interest given the climate of institutional instability and uncertainty produced by the United Kingdom’s imminent departure from the EU.

This paper analyzes the career paths of people of immigrant origin in the 2007-2014 period of economic crisis in order to describe the main changes that have taken place and determine the extent to which foreign workers have managed to progress in the labour market or whether their career paths have been defined by blockages and setbacks. The evolution of immigrant career paths is analysed and they are compared with those of the native population. The main source of statistical information used is the Continuous Sample of Working Lives produced by the Spanish Social Security Agency. The greater negative impact of the crisis on the immigrant population than the native stands out among the conclusions: lower employment levels, more job instability, increased sectoral and territorial mobility, greater loss of income and downward occupational mobility.

As a general introduction, this paper reviews the evolution and characteristics of the immigrant population resident in Spain and shows the dissociation between the reality shown by the data and the erroneous perception a large section of the public holds of it. The employment situation of the foreign population is also approached, with particular attention given to the characteristics of their situations of employment or unemployment, and especially where they differ to the native population.

This paper analyzes the poetic corpus generated in Cuba during the Napoleonic occupation of Spain. Selected poems do not represent a whole, but within the levels shown are an obvious sign of growing diversity metrics in its various manifestations, as well as Francophobia fueled by the emotional charge "patriotic" and the creative will of the residents poets in the largest of the Antilles.