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This article analyzes the social production of space in Atenquique, an industrial town in the southern region of Jalisco in western Mexico. The theoretical framework draws on insights from critical geography. Through the case of Atenquique we reflect on the transformation of the area from the beginning of the neoliberal period in Mexico. Neoliberalism ushered in the growth of precarious and insecure working conditions, something which has deepened over the past several decades. The methodology employed is based on ethnographic research undertaken over a period of four months in Atenquique. During this time period we used three different audiovisual methods to collect information: photography, oral history and the production of an ethnographic documentary film. The results of the study show how the ex-inhabitants of Atenquique have knit together complex constructions- both material and symbolic- that provide insight on how the changes of the past several decades have affected the area. In the conclusions, we return to the broader debates on the local and territorial consequences of the implementation of the neoliberal policies in Mexico.

OBJETIVO: Elaborar un diagnóstico sobre la aplicación de la perspectiva de género en el campo de la investigación en salud en cuatro revistas mexicanas de los institutos nacionales de salud. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se revisaron 999 artículos publicados en cuatro revistas científicas (2000-2003), con dos niveles de análisis: a) desagregación de datos por sexo, que permite describir las diferencias entre mujeres y hombres; y b) análisis de estas diferencias desde la perspectiva de género. RESULTADOS: De los artículos revisados, 25.4% desagregó sus resultados por sexo, de los cuales el mayor porcentaje se publicó en Salud Pública de México (48.8%) y el menor en la Revista de Investigación Clínica (16.1%). Solamente 4.2% de los artículos aplicó la perspectiva de género, y los temas mayormente abordados fueron las adicciones, el comportamiento sexual y la violencia. CONCLUSIONES: Este es el primer estudio en México que evalúa la aplicación de la perspectiva de género en la investigación en salud. Al igual que en otros países, es baja la proporción de artículos que analizan las diferencias por sexo y aplican la perspectiva de género. Esto destaca la importancia de promover la investigación interdisciplinaria que ayude a comprender los orígenes biológicos y sociales, o la combinación de ambos, que determinan la salud desigual entre mujeres y hombres.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the application of gender perspective in public health papers in four journals published by the Mexican National Health Institutes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 999 papers published in the four journals between 2000 and 2003 was reviewed. Two levels of analysis were considered: a) data presented by sex, providing description of differences between women and men, and b) the analysis of these differences from gender perspective. RESULTS: One quarter (25.4%) of the articles described results by sex. The largest percentage was published in Salud Pública de México (48.8%) and the smallest in Revista de Investigación Clínica (16.1%). Gender perspective was used in only 4.2% of papers; of these, drug addictions, health behaviour and violence were the topics that occurred most frequently. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to assess the application of gender perspective in Mexican health articles. Similarly to other countries, a very small percentage of authors analyzed sex differences, and a smaller proportion applied gender perspective. Results demonstrate the importance of promoting interdisciplinary research that may promote the elucidation of health inequalities between men and women.

Dentro de un proyecto cooperativo entre ClCESE y UCSD, .se instaló una red de 15 sismográfos en la región de las réplicas del temblor de Oaxaca (Ms= 7.8), de Noviembre 29, 1978. Ocho sismográfos verticales con registro en papel ahumado y siete sismográfos de 3 componentes, con graficación: en formato digital, se distribuyeron logísticamente en .9 localidades sobre el área de interés. La red se .inició con la instalación de la primera estación en diciembre 1º, entró en operación total el 5 de diciembre. Cientos de eventos se registraron en papel ahumado y un número considerable se detectó simultáneamente en las grabadoras digitales. Los registros digitales han sido especialmente útiles para la determinación precisa de.los tiempos de arribo de la onda S. Los resultados presentados aquí, incluyen datos para el período del 3 al 18 de diciembre de 1978. Las réplicas están distribuidas en una superficie.de aproximadamente 3,000 km2, con una longitud de 60 km, paralela a la costa, y una extensión. De 35 km, en tierra firme. La distribución de hipocentros sugiere una echado de 20° para la zona Benioff. Las profundidades varian de 10 km al sur de la línea de costa, hasta 40 km hacia el norte. En el extremo norte, a 90 km del eje de la .trinchera mesoamericana, la zona de ruptura parece detenerse abruptamente, debido a la existencia de una falla secundaria, normal al plano de subducción. Esta falla, por primera vez inferida en base a un estudio local, presenta un mecanismo focal compuesto de tipo normal. Probablemente el movimiento sísmico principal ocurrió en esta falla, lo cual podría explicar los graves daños causados en el área de Loxicha.

This paper explores the relationship between residential confinement to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus, seen as a public policy, and how it affects the informal labor sector, as well as the responseof individuals to the pandemic in the states of Mexico. Forming panels for various levels of informality applied to panel vector auto-regressive (PVAR) shows that staying at home as public policy becomes more effective as informality decreases. In addition, the response of individuals to an increase in the spread of the pande-mic depends on the level of informality: for states with lower rates of informality, individuals respond to a higher concentration of residential confinement. But for states with a higher level of informality, the evidence is not significant. The paper considers the role of informality in the development of an effective public policy.

The paper is dedicated to the famous Russian Latin Americanist Vera Nikolaevna Kuteishchikova (1919–2012), who became the second Russian woman after A. Kollontai to be awarded with the Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle for her merits in the study of Mexican literature. However, V. Kuteishchikova’s specialization was not limited to the Mexican literature; her academic interests included a wide range of issues. The paper demonstrates that she laid the foundations for the scientific study of Latin American literature in Russia and outlined the ways for further research in the field. Therefore, V. Kuteishchikova’s life and work are considered in an inseparable context with the development of Latin American literary studies in Russia. The list of the Russian editions and translations of Latin American writers and the number of critical works published before the 1960s clearly confirm the fact that until then Latin American literary studies did not exist as an independent branch of philological science in Russia, since Russian scholars had a very vague notion of the Latin American literature. The first research work in philology on the Latin American literature was the monograph by V.N. Kuteishchikova Latin American Novel in the XX century (1964). The paper pays special attention to this significant work. An analysis of this book proves that its author identified and revealed a number of essential topics and problems that would be center of Latin American studies in Russia. With an amazing sagacity V.N. Kuteishchikova mapped out a program for Latin American studies for half a century ahead. These ideas were developed in her work in 1970s, in particular, in New Latin American Novel (1976), co-written with her husband, L.S. Ospovat. The paper traces the participation of V.N. Kuteishchikova in the creation of the academic five-volume History of Latin American Literatures; analyzes her last book Moscow – Mexico – Moscow. A Lifelong Road (2000), gives a spiritual portrait of the Russian scholar.

Using data from ENIGH 2000-2014, this paper aims, first, to describe what is happening in the Mexican labor market with regard to the relative demand and supply of workers defined by their occupation, when occupations are classified into non-routine and routine and, within these, into cognitive and manual, based on a thorough analysis of tasks. Second, this paper tries to understand how wages and formality are related to task-biased technological change (TBTC) in Mexico. The analysis differentiates the male and female labor markets.

Toda política es un cambio de política (all policy is policy change) pregonaron Hogwood & Peters en 1983. Posterior a esa época el debate se ha ampliado buscando comprender los cambios en la política (changes within policy) y los cambios de política (change of policy)” (del Castillo, 2017: 54); su clasificación como cambios incrementales o paradigmáticos (Hall, 1993), la velocidad del cambio (Howlett & Cashore, 2009); sus motores (Harguindeguy, 2015) y de manera más reciente, comprobar si hay conexión entre el cambio de políticas y la resolución de los problemas públicos.Por lo tanto, es importante analizar el enfoque del cambio como una perspectiva que permita ir más allá de los límites del enfoque cíclico de las políticas y entender. ¿Qué es el cambio? ¿Por qué cambian las políticas? ¿Cómo medirlo? ¿Qué tipos de cambio hay? ¿Cuáles son los motores del cambio? En este sentido, el objetivo de este ensayo es analizar los postulados del enfoque del cambio de políticas, cuestionando ¿Qué podemos saber gracias al estudio del enfoque del cambio de políticas? Para ello, se busca aplicar los principios de este campo a un caso concreto: la política urbana en México, un sector caracterizado por contar con cambios paradigmáticos graduales (Howlett & Cashore, 2009) debido a una reforma administrativa previa, un cambio en la imagen de la política y una modificación de la comunidad de políticas involucrada en ese sector. Para ello, este trabajo se estructura de la siguiente manera. En el primer apartado se explica que es el cambio de políticas públicas, sus principales subenfoques y tipos de cambio; en el segundo se trata de aplicar dichos postulados teóricos al caso de la política urbana; en el tercero se argumenta de la importancia de la reforma administrativa como un cambio de política pública y por último se concluye que la reforma administrativa puede ser un primer paso de innovación para lograr cambios paradigmáticos en las políticas públicas.

This paper aims to describe the historical evolution of the cooperation between the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) and Mexico following the signing of their cooperation agreement in August 1975, which remained in effect until COMECON’S demise in 1991. To this end, a brief analysis is made of the antecedents of this international body, which was created within the so-called socialist bloc, and a review is conducted of the body’s conception of international cooperation. After covering the historical context behind the mentioned agreement’s negotiation, its legal framework, context and scope are reviewed. This paper thereby seeks to contribute to the historical memory of cooperation policy and its international regime, with particular reference to COMECON and Mexico in the period known as the Cold War.

La epidemia provocada por el virus SARS-CoV2 ha afectado las actividades económicas en el mundo. En el caso de México, las medidas de confinamiento y distanciamiento social han propiciado una contracción económica que afecta a las pequeñas y medianas empresas de las ciudades y regiones. Los gobiernos locales han establecido agendas gubernamentales con políticas públicas que tratan de atender la caída económica. Este documento estudia las agendas locales de 31 Entidades Federativas y la Ciudad de México para cuantificar la diversidad de las políticas económicas con el Índice de Entropía de Shannon y para comparar las agendas locales con una prueba de inferencia estadística. Los resultados muestran que las agendas son diversas y en algunos casos amplias, pero enfrentan la emergencia de forma semejante, por lo que las respuestas de las administraciones públicas locales pueden tener un efecto limitado ante los problemas económicos generados por el COVID19.

Aquí se aborda el desarrollo de las intervenciones sobre pinturas murales en Teotihuacán y las estrategias aplicadas a nuevos hallazgos, como el realizado entre 2013 y 2015 en el Conjunto de Los Jaguares, perteneciente al Complejo Arquitectónico Quetzalpapálotl y situado en la parte norte de la monumental ciudad prehispánica. ENGLISH: This paper addresses the development of interventions on mural paintings in Teotihuacan and the strategies applied to new findings, such as the one we carried out between 2013 and 2015 at the Complex of the Jaguars, belonging to the Quetzalpapalotl Architectural Complex and located in the northern area of this monumental pre-Hispanic city.

La crisis de 1994 en México y la crisis estadounidense de 2007 afectaron sensiblemente el crecimiento y la generación de empleo en México. En 1995, a través de la instrumentación del programa público Programa de Empleo Temporal (PET), el gobierno mexicano trató de apoyar el ingreso de las familias en periodos de baja demanda laboral o alguna emergencia natural o económica. El objetivo de la presente investigación es calcular a nivel nacional y por entidad federativa la progresividad o regresividad del PET utilizando la paquetería Stata y los microdatos del Módulo de Condiciones Socioeconómicas de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) de 2010 y 2012. Los datos señalan que en el 2010, el PET tendió a ser regresivo, y los recursos se dirigieron hacia los deciles con mayores ingresos, sufriendo una variación en 2012, que pasó a ser un programa público con progresividad mínima que asigna sus recursos a los deciles con menores ingresos.

Mexico and Morocco share many common characteristics as labor migrant pools for industrialized countries to the North. However, comparisons between migrants from each country are few, particularly with respect to economic outcomes using nationally representative data. Using recent immigrant surveys from Spain and the United States, this paper presents the first quantitative analysis to compare Moroccans and Mexicans, testing for the effects of human and social capital on employment, occupational attainment, and wages. Although the lower employment levels of Moroccans compared to Mexicans would seem to suggest greater labor market discrimination against Moroccans in Spain, closer inspection of the returns to various forms of capital and other inputs yields a more mixed picture. Both methodological and social explanations for these mixed findings are discussed.

This paper analyses how the war on drugs was publicised by the Mexican government through the media to gain legitimisation of the strategy used to battle organised crime and how the issue was positioned in a monolithic and biased fashion by the Mexican media agenda the relationship between the social movements and the media, this paper analyse how this relationship is constructed, how activists and journalists feel it could be an advantage and disadvantage, and how the mainstream media relates to social media. The study is made up of a corpus resulting from a methodology of qualitative type, where twenty six interviews were conducted in depth, to experts on the issue of violence in Mexico, activists and journalists. The control that the media exercise over symbolic production is recognised and responded to by the activists and journalists with different approaches, in the face of the difficulties of receiving broad and unbiased coverage, suggested that digital journalism is an alternative as a public space to inform the public about the social movement. Additionally, for example, the mainstream media have found sources and the information needed to use them on the Internet, and social media such as Facebook have become public spaces for contention, providing an opportunity to counteract the mainstream media with their own narratives, such as expressing the reality of the violence where the mainstream media present silence and gaps in information

The objective of this paper is to examine what are the methods used by Mexican drug cartels to recruit migrant smugglers and which are the activities carried by former migrant smugglers in these organizations. A qualitative methodology was used, consistent in the realization, between 2011 and 2015, of interviews with 107 migrant smugglers (105 men and 2 women). This paper concludes that after 2013, there has been an increase of recruitment of migrant smugglers by drug cartels without coercion, and that the activities carried out by them are increasingly violent.

En este artículo se trabajan las repercusiones de la crisis económica de los Estados Unidos del año 2008 en Japón, China (en estos dos casos, por las fuertes vinculaciones económicas y financieras existentes entre el Este de Asia y los EE.UU.) y México (por la relación de dependencia existente, en términos económicos, como consecuencia del NAFTA), analizando las modificaciones en el reparto del poder mundial en la primera mitad del siglo XXI. The present paper examines how the economic crisis that hit the United States in 2008 has affected Japan, China (in these two cases, due to the strong economic and financial ties that join East Asia and the U.S.) and Mexico (due to the ties of economic dependence created by the NAFTA). The paper rhen analyzes the changes in the distribution of power in the world during the first half of the 21st century.

This paper analyses relations among FEDEDAM, Eureka Comitee and AFADEM during the 80s as a training space for memories of enforced disappearances. We examine from primary sources, some written some oral, the organisations’ trajectories and spots of memories’ production and circulation. We assert that within the common work concerning denunciation and search for justice, narrarives were made up as well as transnational memorial practices shared by parents’ organizations in Mexico and through the Latin American network issued by the federation.

This paper examines the creation of the Colombian Indigenista Institute, CII (1942), its institutional history, and its closure (1949). The CII, influenced by the Mexican indigenista movement, fought for indigenous peoples’ visibility for eight years. In the end, however, the CII failed due to a combination of internal factors such as ideological disagreements, and internal ones, including violence, scarce resources, and lack of awareness on the part of politicians and elites about the status, challenges, and even existence of Amerindian groups in Colombia. Three Colombian scholars created the CII. They attended the First Inter-American Indigenista Congress (Pátzcuaro 1940) where they got in touch with Manuel Gamio, then director of the Interamerican Indigenista Institute. Gamio´s ideas —that Indians have the right to govern themselves, to have tribal organizations, to elect their community leaders, and to maintain and assert their cultural identity— inspired the Colombians. In this paper, I trace the influences of the Mexican indigenista movement on Colombian indigenismo projects between 1940 and 1950. I draw on a variety of sources including Colombian newspapers and magazines, as well as letters of the indigenistas housed at the Colombian library Luis Ángel Arango in Bogotá and the Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection at the University of Texas at Austin. I conclude by explaining why Colombian indigenismo of the decade between 1940 and 1950 ultimately failed.

Like all human creations, institutions transform and evolve over time. Libraries also have changed to respond the needs of its users. Academic libraries physical spaces are one of the turned aspects, an example are the Learning Commons (spaces for collaborative work in academic libraries). The main purpose of this paper is to expose the characteristics of the Learning Commons model with a brief account of the history of planning and construction of academic libraries. This paper also aims to present the manner in which a Learning Commons has been implemented at the library of Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), Campus Monterrey in Mexico.

This paper introduces a historical compilation of disaster and other events that occurred in Mexico between 1448 and 2022. Events were explored when they related to health issues (plagues, famines, and epidemics); sabotage, terrorism, shock groups, repression of worker´s and student´s movements; attacks on population groups, internal wars, crimes and homicide victims, other incidents; as well as the effects on environment due to human action. The general methodology of the research was based on the collection of secondary documental information. From a historical perspective, results highlight that the socioeconomic vulnerability of Mexico is high. Considering that the ‘pacification’ of the country was achieved at the end of the 1930s and that the set of studied events reached 274 cases, 98% of them correspond to the 20th and 21st centuries.

The paper attempts to discuss the Indonesia-Mexico diplomatic relations over the last 62 years (1953-2015). The paper shows that during the Soekarno administration, Indonesia and Mexico enjoyed the peak momentum of the bilateral political relations. The bilateral relations deteriorated during the Soeharto regime, despite some re-invigoration to strengthen economic relations were visible in the later period. In the post-Soeharto regime, the bilateral relations have strengthened, particularly in the economic sphere. The paper pointed out that there is plenty space that both countries could do to strengthen the bilateral relations. But to achieve this goal, both countries need to have strong political willingness, work hard and address the inherent matters and issues in an innovative and creatively manners. In the economic sphere, both states need to find creative ways on how to evolve from being a competing partner to become an emerging collaborative partner. To support the Indonesian economic diplomacy programs, Indonesia should also needs to strengthen the socio-cultural and political cooperation. The paper views that achieving a so-called ‘comprehensive partnership’ as agreed by both Head of States in the Joint Statement 2013 is seems to be a visible goal to be achieved in the near future.

Este trabajo presenta una revisión de la investigación urbana reciente en Latinoamérica. La primera sección se apoya en una evaluación llevada a cabo dentro de GURI (Global Urban Research Initiative); la segunda incluye un análisis basado en mis propias investigaciones. El artículo comprende temas como el de la vivienda y la tierra urbana; las políticas sociales y urbanas en las décadas de 1990 y 2000; los asentamientos irregulares y su regularización y revalorización; la división social del espacio y la globalización; el medioambiente, así como la violencia y la falta de seguridad en las ciudades. Finaliza con algunos comentarios respecto del desarrollo teórico del tema tratado. Abstract This paper takes stock of recent urban research in Latin America. Its first section is drawn from an evaluation carried out by GURI (Global Urban Research Initiative), and the second includes an analysis based on my own research. The paper references topics such as housing and urban land issues; social and urban policies in the 1990s and 2000s; irregular settlements and their regularization and upgrading; the social division of space and globalization; the environment, violence and the lack of safety in cities. The paper ends with some remarks concerning the theoretical development of the issues discussed.

This paper analyzes the various actions taken by the authorities of the state of Zacatecas (Mexico) during the First Federal Republic (1824-1835), in order to find solutions to problems related to the exercise of patronage and related topics. It shows that these proposals were useful to defend and drive federalism, and to advance a project to create a secular and liberal State and society. The paper concludes that the attempt to apply this was ambiguous, as it became part of the "pitfalls" that prevented the first federalism from consolidating by contributing to the division of local and national political groups.

The aim of this paper is to ascertain the territorial dimension of the fishing economy in Guaymas, Mexico. The geographical studies addressing this economic activity in Mexico and published in the last decades are scarce. For this reason, this research work is particularly important, as it outlines the fishery activities in one of the most active sea-ports of northwest Mexico, from a territorial perspective. The first part of this article explains why and how Economic Geography addresses fishery activities and which methodology we pursued to carry out this investigation, based on studies carried out by geographers, particularly in France and Argentina. Then the paper describes the natural conditions prevailing in the Gulf of California (also known as Sea of Cortez), a large inlet of the eastern Pacific Ocean that is rich in marine resources and where most of the main national fisheries are located. Guaymas is one of the most important sea ports located along the Gulf of California for its long fishing history and the variety of fishing species captured. This port, located in the southern coast of the state of Sonora, is a mediumsized city with a little over 100 thousand inhabitants; a considerable proportion of the local labor force works in the fishery sector and associated industries. Today, the fishery sector in Guaymas is characterized by a large number of artisan fishermen, a prominent fleet preciand the regular practise of illegal catching. This port is the seat of large enterprises, such as Ocean Garden, involved in the industrialization of catches (basically fish oil and fish meal) and their further commercialization within and outside Mexico. Two commercially important species have played a key role in the evolution and outline of the current territorial structure of fisheries in Guaymas. One is shrimp, with a fishery that recorded a boom during 1970-1990, bringing along a number of benefits for local fishermen in Sonora. This fishery declined in subsequent years, mostly due to the overexploitation of shrimp banks and the incorporation of private capital investors to the local shrimp economy; the downward trend of this fishery in Guaymas is still evident. For its part, sardine, particularly Monterey sardine, is the other important species in the economy in this sea port. It is captured to meet the demand for oil and fish meal. Since the 1960s, Guaymas has become Mexico’s sardine port, as this species is at the core of the territorial structure of fisheries in this city. A significant volume of sardine biomass has been captured in the last 50 years in Guaymas, resulting in the overexploitation of the resource which, along with water pollution, has led to the collapse of sardine populations. Nonetheless, stakeholders and authorities involved this fishery have obtained the international certification of local sardine catches. There are several enterprises located in Guaymas dedicated to the industrial processing of sardine. These are vertically integrated, so they can easily buy catches, process them and sell the manufactured products both in Mexico and abroad. Markets for these and other fishing products are located at a considerable distance from Guaymas, including Mexico City, Guadalajara, Mexicali and Chihuahua City, as well and several places in California, United States. The territorial structure of the fishing economy in this part of Mexico is arranged on a spatial platform constituted by high-volume and diverse annual catches, an integrated sea port that not only addresses the needs of this economy but also serves the robust industrial and agricultural sectors of Sonora. Shipyards, large enterprises (national and foreign) involved in the fishing industry, banks, academic research centers and government offices can be added to the local fishing infrastructure. The geographical reach of the commercialization of fishing products (processed or otherwise), including several markets located far from this port, is another factor that accounts for the central role of Guaymas in the fishing economy of Sonora and the Gulf of California.

This paper describes and evaluates the tax regime that benefits private schools in Mexico, particularly in Mexico City. Its central claim is that this regime is incompatible with educational equality and justice. The main contribution of the paper is to examine primary and secondary empirical sources in light of the normative argument guiding this work. The first section of this work clarifies the central issues that will be addressed in the paper. The second section briefly describes the key features of the Mexican private educational sector and its tax regime. Finally, section three argues that this regime is regressive, and that the moral justifications usually invoked in its defense are untenable.

This paper explores economic vulnerability in an industrial sector of Baja California, Mexico, during the first wave of COVID-19. In this regard, the Pressure and Release (PAR) model is used to analyze the information obtained from a panel of business representatives in the industrial sector. The results reveal several processes and factors that explain the fragility (vulnerability) of the industrial sector against hazardous events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

La depresión constituye un problema importante de salud pública. En el mundo, representa la cuarta causa de discapacidad en cuanto a la pérdida de años de vida saludables. En México ocupa el primer lugar de discapacidad para las mujeres y el noveno para los hombres. La depresión tiene una alta co-ocurrencia con otros trastornos como la ansiedad, el consumo de sustancias, la diabetes y las enfermedades cardiacas. Pese al impacto que tiene este trastorno, una gran proporción de personas no acude a tratamiento, retrasa mucho la búsqueda de ayuda, o bien no recibe la asistencia adecuada. El propósito de este ensayo es exponer el resultado de una breve revisión de investigaciones que permiten ubicar la depresión como un problema de salud pública en México. Se abordan la prevalencia y los factores asociados, las brechas de atención, el uso de servicios y los tratamientos disponibles. Al final se plantean algunas de las implicaciones para la investigación y para las políticas públicas.Depression is an important public health problem. It is the fourth cause of disease in the world in terms of lost years of healthy life. In Mexico, it ranks first in terms disability for women and ninth for men. There is a high comorbidity between depression and other mental disorders such as anxiety and substance abuse, as well as other serious and chronic physical conditions (e.g. diabetes, and heart disease). Despite the impact of depressive disorders in the quality of life of the population, there is a large proportion of people who don't get treatment, delaying seeking help and thus don't receive adequate assistance. The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of depression status in the Mexican population from a public health perspective; it includes prevalence and associated factors, gaps in care, characteristics of the use of services and treatments available. The paper concludes with a presentation of the implications for research and mental health policy in Mexico.

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación exploratoria a través de un estudio comparado para conocer la situación de las bibliotecas públicas en México y Colombia. Se exponen los antecedentes y el marco conceptual, los comparativos de datos socio-demográficos, legales y normativos, las estructuras bibliotecarias y la información de estadísticas e indicadores generados en cada uno de estos países. Además, se considera una propuesta del Programa Iberoamericano de Cooperación en Bibliotecas Públicas (PICBIP) para un sistema de indicadores de gestión mínimos para las bibliotecas públicas de Iberoamérica, se presentan conclusiones de este estudio y recomendaciones sobre las líneas de investigación a seguir.A report of the results of a comparative study of public libraries in Mexico and Colombia is provided in this paper, which examines the respective backgrounds and operative rules; legal and theoretical frameworks, as well as the statistical indicators of the libraries in each country. The paper also examines the minimal management indicators for public libraries developed by the Iberian-American Program for Cooperation in Public Libraries (PICBIP, by its Spanish acronym ), followed by conclusions and recommendation for further research.

Starting from an ethnographic-dialogical case study on the Universidad Veracruzana Intercultural (UVI) in Mexico, in which I pretend to combine principles of “activist anthropology” with a “doubly reflexive ethnography”, this paper analyzes how in the process of interculturalizing educational institutions new methodological options arise and how these may contribute to nurture, refresh and decolonize classical anthropological ethnography. Strongly influenced by discourses and models of intercultural education, the so called “intercultural higher education” in Mexico is emerging as a new university sub-system, aimed at providing a culturally pertinent university training to ethically, linguistically and/or culturally diverse students. The ethnographic analysis starts with the official intercultural discourse and contrasts it with the praxis of educational diversity management, as offered in a non-conventional B.A. program. From the “glocal” dialogue between different academic and peasant, external and internal ways of knowledge we develop a series of proposals to modify the curriculum of this B.A. program. Accordingly, a “dialogue of knowledge”, which implies “inter-cultural”, “inter-lingual” and “inter-actor” dimensions, obliges academic anthropology to revise its methodological practice. This paper therefore concludes with a proposal to redefine ethnographic practice in terms of dialogues and shared reflexivity among diverse actors.

OBJECTIVE: This paper explores the impact of contextual variables at the neighborhood level on a health marker in the city of Hermosillo, Mexico and discusses the importance of collaboration between planners and health professional to minimize the negative effect of contextual factors on urban health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Few studies in Mexico have assessed health outcomes at the intra-urban scale and their interaction with neighborhood-level contextual variables. Using spatial analysis and geographical information systems, the paper explores the association between infant mortality and an index of socio-environmental vulnerability used to measure urban contextual factors. RESULTS: Two high infant mortality clusters were detected within neighborhoods characterized by relatively good environmental conditions and one in a neighborhood with a poor environment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the clustering of high infant mortality areas and some association with built environment factors in Hermosillo. The results support the need to reconnect public health and urban planning as a way to create healthier environments in Mexican cities.OBJETIVO: Este artículo explora el papel de factores contextuales a nivel de colonia sobre un marcador de salud en la ciudad de Hermosillo, México y discute la importancia de la colaboración entre planificadores urbanos y profesionales de la salud para minimizar el impacto negativo de factores contextuales sobre la salud de la población urbana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Pocos estudios en México han evaluado las condiciones de salud a escala intra-urbana y su interacción con variables contextuales a nivel de colonia. Utilizando análisis espacial y sistemas de información geográfica, el artículo explora la relación entre mortalidad infantil y un índice de vulnerabilidad socio-ambiental construido para medir factores contextuales urbanos. RESULTADOS: Dos conglomerados de alta mortalidad infantil fueron detectados dentro de colonias caracterizadas por condiciones ambientales relativamente buenas y uno en una colonia con un ambiente pobre. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados indican la formación de conglomerados de alta mortalidad infantil y una conexión moderada con factores del medio ambiente construido en Hermosillo. Estos resultados apoyan la necesidad de reconectar la salud pública y la planeación urbana como un método para crear ambientes más sanos en las ciudades de México.

This paper seeks to diagnose the phenomenon of children and adolescent labour in Mexico from the legal and empirical perspective, while expecting to make visible underlying, persistent and oftenly hidden realities. With this framework, we present a general path concerning some legal instruments that allow us to define and categorize the studied phenomenon, and we carry out an empirical analysis from a series of indicators developed in the Module of child labour included in the National Survey of Occupation and Employment raised by National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, INEGI) in 2009. Information and analyzed data allow us to conclude in a broad manner that the constitutional and legal prohibition to child labour has not fulfill its eradication, further more, not starting from the approach of rights has implied a position of more vulnerability to underage persons who work due to several circumstances, whether economical, social or cultural. En este trabajo se busca realizar una aproximación diagnóstica al fenómeno del trabajo infantil y adolescente en México con miras a visibilizar aspectos que han estado invisibilizados a lo largo del tiempo, desde la perspectiva legal y empírica. En este marco, se hace un recorrido general de algunos instrumentos legales que permiten definir y categorizar el fenómeno, y se realiza un análisis empírico a partir de una serie de indicadores surgidos del Módulo de Trabajo Infantil incluido en la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo levantada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía en el año 2009. La información manejada, así como los datos analizados permiten concluir de manera general que la prohibición constitucional y legal del trabajo infantil no ha conseguido su erradicación, y el no partir de un enfoque de derechos colocaría en una posición de mayor vulnerabilidad a las personas menores de edad que trabajan por diversas circunstancias, ya sean económicas, sociales o culturales.DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2065763

El propósito fundamental de las siguientes líneas es mostrar cuál es el estado de la cuestión actual del conflicto armado en Colombia partiendo del fortalecimiento del Estado en los últimos años gracias a la puesta en marcha de instrumentos que ha devenido eficaces, como la Política de Seguridad Democrática de la Administración Uribe o el Plan Colombia resultante del acuerdo Pastrana-Clinton en 1999 y continuado en toda la década pasada. Una situación similar se vive en México en donde los carteles del narcotráfico han provocado el debilitamiento de las estructuras del Estado y en el que desde 2006 se ha observado un crecimiento exponencial de la violencia y criminalidad. El objetivo es mostrar cómo, actualmente, el conflicto colombiano se halla en una tesitura en la que nuevos avances y éxitos de la enjundia y el alcance de los últimos años parecen difíciles de repetir. Los escenarios en disputa disponen de una sólida presencia de los grupos armados ilegales de manera que, tal vez, sea el momento de optar por nuevas estrategias, como la cooperación transfronteriza, que puedan suponer un nuevo horizonte de oportunidades para nuevas conquistas por parte del Estado.

OBJETIVO: Examinar críticamente la producción bibliográfica sobre la investigación cualitativa en salud (ICS) en México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisión de 128 trabajos publicados en la década del 2000 al 2009. Su búsqueda y recuperación se hizo mediante consulta de índices, buscadores y bases de datos, así como consultando a académicos. Se hizo análisis de frecuencias y de contenido. RESULTADOS: La producción en este campo se incrementa notoriamente en el periodo analizado, se difunde a nivel nacional e internacional y aparece mayoritariamente en revistas de salud pública y medicina social. Su consolidación, no obstante, dista de ser realidad dada su concentración institucional, territorial y temática, su dependencia de la teoría fundamentada, su olvido de temas sanitarios y actores importantes y su impacto marginal en el campo científico. CONCLUSIONES: La investigación cualitativa en salud logra avances en México pero enfrenta serios desafíos para consolidarse. Varias propuestas se presentan para fortalecerla.OBJECTIVE: This paper critically examines recent work on qualitative health research (QHR) in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review was conducted of 128 articles published between 2000 and 2009. A literature search was done drawing together a verse of indexes, search engine, data bases and citations, as well as interviewing researchers. A frequency and content analysis was carried out. RESULTS: QHR has expanded significantly, both nationally and internationally, and papers published in public health and social medicine journals. However, several factors impede its consolidation: the institutional, territorial and thematic concentration of studies, the dependency on grounded theory, the selective nature of the research topics and populations; and its marginal scientific impact. CONCLUSIONS: QHR has grown in México, but its consolidation faces serious challenges. Several proposals are discussed that could strengthen the field.

Este artículo trata sobre los problemas de coordinación en los países de tipo federal. Parte de la premisa que los problemas públicos del siglo XXI, son cuestiones sin fronteras debido a que no respetan los límites geográficos, jurisdiccionales, funcionales y temporales que en muchos sentidos, han guiado el estudio y la práctica de la Administración Pública. La emergencia de esta clase de problemas tiene un impacto significativo en la hechura de las políticas, porque una de las consecuencias de su naturaleza transversal, es el aumento de la interdependencia entre las Administraciones Públicas en sus diferentes niveles. A partir de ello se puede anticipar que la coordinación será un tema crítico para el funcionamiento de los sistemas federales. Sin embargo, se requerirá un tipo de coordinación que sólo puede provenir de un enfoque comprehensivo propio de una visión de Estado o país.

The Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, has been considered one of the most dangerous parasites for cultured carp and a risk for native freshwater fish populations worldwide. This cestode is highly pathogenic for fishes especially fry. In this paper we record B. acheilognathi parasitizing the endangered and endemic freshwater fish Profundulus hildebrandi from the endorheic basin of San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico. B. acheilognathi was recorded from 10 of the 11 sampled localities, with high values of prevalence (>60%) and mean abundance (>4.50). The infection was persistent all through the year; gravid cestodes were recorded in all samples. It is assumed that B. acheilognathi entered to this area through the introduction of common carp Cyprinus carpio, for aquacultural purposes. The data presented in this paper document the successful introduction, colonization and establishment of this alien species into the endangered P. hildebrandi. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (3): 1099-1104. Epub 2011 September 01.

O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um trabalho de elaboração e aplicação de instrumentos para avaliar a qualidade da educação pré-escolar em curso no México. Após breve apresentação do contexto do trabalho, descreve-se a trajetória seguida para desenvolver um instrumento que representa uma definição operacional de qualidade e uma metodologia que o incorpora à pesquisa e à avaliação. Apresentam-se a seguir exemplos da aplicação do instrumento em dois estudos e alguns de seus resultados, e finaliza-se com algumas conclusões e implicações para o planejamento de políticas públicasThe purpose of this paper is to acquaint the reader with on-going work in Mexico to create and apply instruments for evaluating the quality of preschool education. In the first section, the context for this work will be presented briefly. This is followed by a description of the process adopted to arrive at an instrument representing an operational definition of quality as well as a methodology that incorporates the instrument into research and evaluation. Application of the definition and methodology in two studies is offered, with a sampling of results. The paper closes with some conclusions and implications for policy and programming

This paper is a proposal for the anthropological analysis of the cargo system, including both indigenous and non indigenous communities. From the understanding of the cargo system as an essentially heterogeneous institution, the paper suggest as main hypothesis that this institution is the origin of other mechanisms in the interaction of the members of the communities. First, the community institutions promote the participation of the largest number of people. Second, interactions’ scenes are constantly created and recreated by the community members. Third, the roles’ rotation, as a product of a tacit agreement into community members, is fundamental to assure social participation. The proposal is structured in three parts. First, the composition of the cargo system as a continuum which explains the differences between individual and collective behaviour. Second, the idea of community as a fundamental concept to understand the cargo system. As a conclusion, the idea of communitarian project becomes the common characteristic of all the communities –native or no native- in the Mesoamerican area

Archaeological sites are places that allow different social and political uses of the past. This is particularly true in areas where the remains of ancient cities are subject to negotiations between national, local and/or ethnic identities. In this paper I focus on ceremonies celebrated in Maya sites by actors who attach social and ritual values to them in the present, in opposition to their hegemonic uses and valorizations. I analyze the relocation of the fuego sagrado ceremony into archaeological sites as a counter-power action which suggests the existence of a transnational Maya territory and evokes a cultural resistance against colonialism. This study is particularly interested in the appropriation and adaptation of this ceremony in the Yucatan Peninsula, specifically in the Guatemalan department of Petén and in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, from the 1990s to the present day.

This paper deals with memory’s sense and memorial politics that have arisen in Mexico during the Andrés Manuel López Obrador's administration since 2018. Based on the concept of memorial regime, we shall see that one of the actual politics’s singularities is the foundation of a public culture of repentance and the establishing of memory institutions which concern Colonial Era’s memory as well as Mexican national history.

The article deals with the history of the so-called Mexican notebook of Mayakovsky, he traveled with from Europe to America and back in 1925. The notebook preserves one record in Spanish made by José Manuel Puig Casauranc, Minister of Public Education in Mexico, and traces of torn pages. According to Mayakovsky's testimony, Casauranc’s record was followed by a brief appeal to the working people of Soviet Russia, written in Spanish by the deputy F. Moreno, which the poet destroyed when crossing the US border, fearing political complications. It was suggested that two separate pages from Mayakovsky archive with the autographs of F.-T. Marinetti in French belong to this notebook. Drawing on new archival and memoir sources, the paper explores social, cultural and biographical circumstances of getting the autograph. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of the goals and results of Mayakovsky's trip to Mexico, his contacts (Alfonso Reyes, Diego Rivera, Manuel Casauranc, Francisco Moreno, Tina Modotti, List Arsubido). On the basis of historical, literary and textual analysis of the Mexican notebook, its publication as part of the 19th volume of the Complete Collection of Works by V.V. Mayakovsky in 20 vols. (IWL RAS) is justified.

The crisis of disappearances in Mexico worsened in 2007, when then-President Felipe Calderon launched the war on drugs. Since then, more than 80,000 people have been reported as missing. In this panorama of violence and uncertainty, a bureaucratic apparatus tries to manage the search and mourning of families still awaiting the return of their loved ones. The following pages deal mainly with the way in which the binder – that is, the case file containing the official investigation carried out by the authorities – plays a central role in the search process. Through the voices of thirteen mothers whose daughters and sons have been disappeared, the binder is framed as a person-object, which represents a material embodiment of the victim. Through this perspective, which goes beyond the rational limits imposed by the state, this paper is based on the negative methodology proposed by the anthropologist Yael Navaro. Thus, one of the conclusions shows how through objects the disappeared persons continue to participate in the everyday life of their loved ones, as well as in the claims for justice. Finally, it is important to note that all the names of people and places have been modified.

In this paper, it is explored the impact of militarized and punitive methods of drug control on indigenous and peasant communities engaged in the cultivation of poppies in Guerrero (Mexico), within a context of neoliberal agrarian counter-reform and state repression, operating through a multi-level range of power brokers. Through the lens of ethnography and mixed methodology, it is examined the dynamics and changing characteristics of the commodity chain of heroin, from field production to consumption and money laundering, and it is analysed the different logics of dispossession involved, as well as the rationales of normative discourses in producing communities and their survival strategies. The framework of analysis behind is drawn from studies regarding the anthropology of the state, the anthropology of the «illicit», and of capitalism, and critical development studies.