Search

This research analyzed the social representations regarding women promoted in the fashion journalistic discourse during the sixties decade in Medellín city. It was a period of time characterized by the emergence of media and clothing consumer wave. It went together with the spread of new ideals of personal fulfillment. These aspects produced a gradual transformation on the existing social representations in the city. This research used the discourse analysis method with the purpose of understanding the transmission processes of representations which defined traditional female roles and those roles symbol of social and cultural changes. This method is a helpful tool that allowed studying the social, political and economic context in which they emerged and developed as symbolic creations of appropriation of reality constructed by social groups.

This essay attempts to show that the ancient rhetorical theory has explanatory capabilities to understand and learn to write modern texts and to analyze them in order to understand their communication skills, as in the scientific article, one of the most prestigious forms on scientific communication. It starts with the notion of discourse in the field of scientific communication and then address the rhetorical dimension of the paper.

Ancorada na perspectiva teórica da Análise do Discurso, na interface com a Filosofia e as Ciências Sociais, meu propósito, neste artigo, é pensar a circulação dos discursos sobre a leitura na internet. O corpus analisado se constitui de alguns excertos de relatos escritos por alunos de três cursos de graduação do Ensino Superior (Ciências Biológicas, Matemática, Pedagogia), os quais colocam em evidência a produção de discursividades sobre a leitura do texto-papel para o texto-tela, bem como a relação do sujeito-aluno-leitor com as "novas" tecnologias digitais no mundo contemporâneo e globalizado.Anchored in the theoretical perspective of Discourse Analysis at the interface with the Philosophy and Social Sciences, my purpose in this paper is to focus on discourses about reading on the internet. The corpus is composed of excerpts of stories written by students of three undergraduate courses (Biological Sciences, Mathematics, Education), which emphasize the production of discourses about reading the text-paper to text-screen as well as the relation of subject-student-reader with the "new" digital technologies in contemporary globalized world.

This paper proposes to critically review Judith Butler's conceptualization of performativity from 1990-2015. In these years Butler proposes to extend the scope of J. L Austin’s concept towards gender theory, replacing Austin's speech act analytic with a post-structural analytic of power. Butler critically uses the reference to poststructuralism and French feminism to reinterpret the Aristotelian conception of the intelligibility of power as the materialization of a discursive form, subordinating to it the scope of performativity. Noting that this influence is absent in Austin's theoretical and analytical grounding of the concept, we will finally contrast the scope and limitations of Butler facing Austin.

In this paper we have analysed a graphic novel “Maus. A survivor tale” by Art Spiegelman as well as some variants of its translations in the framework of theory of multimodal discourse analysis (ADM) (O`Halloran). The article focuses on analysing the corpus of investigation on its language and nonlanguage level. The aim of the research is to explain in terms of the multimodal discourse analysis theory of main principles of graphic novel translation while observing the way of source language graphic novel transmutation and reconstructing its architecture in the target novel. The methods having been applied in the present paper are those of linguistic observation and description, empiric comparison of translation variants and translation results analysis using ADM tools. Applying methods of ADM in the process of analysing graphic novel results from the necessity to respond to the main challenges of ADM theory for the studies in theory and practice of translation, as well as semiotics and general linguistics. The objectives of the article are to outline the iconic-textual structure of the graphic novel under the analysis, to characterise the visual level of the investigated graphic novel, to generalise arising problems to the translator. The concept of multimodality derived from semiotics is being studied in the article explaining the reason for applying the multimodal approach in the study of the graphic novel. Modalities represented in the graphic novel on non-language level are systematised through different types of multimodal phenomena and their relevance for target text meanings transcreation is described. Both visual and language modalities, which are important for the construction of the meaning, are focused attention to and the multimodal phenomena are piled and systematised in the article. The relationship between the visual and written modalities are discussed and the role and importance for the translation process are explained. Until now there are different investigations of the Maus, but there is no investigation from the multimodal perspective. The investigators focuse on the discursive and pragmatic part, as well as on the expressive value of the work, compare the characteristics of the translation; draw attention to the problems of the literary style of the work Maus; study the role of images in the creation of the work. However, there is still no study of graphic novels from the perspective of multimodal discourse analysis. By means of a series of operations of translation techniques the original text is reconstructed in the translation variant. It involves compressing or widening of the original text, removing inconsistencies between different modalities, reinterpreting “language shell” so that a semiotic content could be preserved and the author’s message transmitted without corruption, for that redrawing some characters or chapters, removing, or replacing some visual symbols with different ones. Illustrative material shows a certain logic scheme to follow the process of translation taking into consideration different multimodal phenomena, as well as the absence of some of its constituents. On the one hand, extralinguistic objects engraved in pictures of the graphic novel may present the reason for the translation technique of addition, and on the other hand the absence of some details in the pictures may justify the translation technique of omission. Evaluating functional types of multimodal phenomena also may lead one to adequate selection of synonyms or a phrase to choose in a process of translation having as a “guide” visual image supporting language level of a graphic novel. The term “graphic novel” is specified as well as the difference between terms “comic” and “graphic novel” is outlined. Graphic novel format is proved to assimilate to the literary novel with the content of memoirs, autobiography, history, documentary reports etc. Maus is the first graphic novel dealing with Holocaust theme aimed at the adult audience. According to the definition of the graphic novel, Maus is seen to share discursive mechanisms with visual narrative instruments, embedded in multimodal phenomena. The types of multimodal phenomena are selected in the present investigation and grouped with illustrative examples taken from the corpus. In the framework of ADM theory, the selection of translation techniques and operations are justified, and the reasons for certain translation variants are explained. As it is shown in the paper, graphic novel translation differs from literal one. The most important characteristics of graphic novel translation distinguishing this genre of literature have been outlined: 1) the graphic novel translation unit obligatory consists of both verbal and visual parts; 2) the intonation of the characters of the graphic novel is a part of a style and is taken into consideration in the course of translation; 3) visual part of the graphic novel is presented by multimodal phenomena that influence the strategies of translation. General recommendations for the translation of the historic graphic novel have been given, mainly: 1) for the purpose of collecting information from the visual part. It is recommended to read and discover the entire content of the novel before starting the translation, paying attention to the multimodal phenomena and their types mentioned in this article. Attention is paid to past events, other extralinguistic meaningful objects. An individual language style is translated with the same style and is maintained throughout the text; 2) on the language level, it is recommended to choose at least the sentence as the minimum translation unit of the graphic novel using substitution techniques within the unit as long as the final sentence reflects the same message. However, the largest translation unit can be chosen. Appropriate options are a speech bubble (speech bubbles) or the entire page. Bubbles (speech balloons) often contain colloquial speech, which differs much more between languages than literal text of a book. The ease of colloquial speech is nearly impossible to achieve without the freedom to change the order, composition, and number of sentences. Often, it is not the character-specific phrases that need to be translated, but rather the emotion of outrage or joy, recreating it using the character’s language (such as the speech of the immigrant, the main character, Vladek, or his wife); 3) the use of bold. It is understood that it is not necessary to use bold type in the same units that appear in the original. The most important thing is to convey the same meaning and intonation in the translation avoiding the “word for word” translation; 4) the language style of the author and the characters. The author and the characters of the graphic novel have their own language style, which is part of the meaning. Characters may have their own characteristic expressions and circumstances that explain the choice of phrase translations. After reading the text and visualising the novel, it becomes clearer what type of the target text of the protagonist should be created to remain truthful and sound natural; 5) “Litmus paper”. It is recommended to read the translation after a couple of days without looking at the original text thinking about whether or not the author would choose the same words, style, intonation; 6) Culture references create a certain atmosphere and are translated (6.1) literally as in the example of gefiltefish translation or (6.2) simplification is used the culture in case of translation of the same unit into Russian рыбафиш; 7) translation of anthroponyms and proper names. It is not recommended to translate the proper names of the historical graphic novel taking into account the documentary part of the novel. The same variants of anthroponyms are maintained throughout the text; 8) accuracy is the second priority after avoiding meaning corruption. One should try to preserve accuracy if it is possible, respecting the condition of preserving the meaning without corrupting it. To achieve the effect of equal perception of the novel by the reader both in the original language and in the translation language, two things are needed: understanding what is said in the original text and reconstructing it in the target text. The ADM theory, in this respect, is the tool to achieve the most adequacy and the most accuracy at the same time.

“Goodbye, Americana, Hello Real Time”: The Death of Idealism in Philip Roth’s American Pastoral. Philip Roth’s 1997 American Pastoral is a textbook illustration of failed cultural transmission: the transference and transformation of values, idea(l)s and information in the lives of Seymour Levov, his family, his community prove to be governed by loss, misrepresentation and gradual decline into disorder. Far from delivering the romanticized version of life in the Jewish neighborhood that the title implies, the novel captures a disenchanted Americana, wherein idealism and radicalism clash against the background of the ideologically fractured 1960s. While ‘the Swede’ apparently initially embodies the (super)hero, middle-class American Dream, American Pastoral chronicles America’s evolution after World War II, which is captured as a mixture of convention and rebellion, both stemming from clashing political ideologies. This paper examines the book’s polarizing discourses, keeping an emblematic passage in mind: “Maybe the best thing would be to forget being right or wrong about people and just go along for the ride.” “Goodbye, Americana, Hello Real Time”: moartea idealismului în Pastorala americană de Philip Roth. Pastorala americană a lui Philip Roth (1997) constituie un exemplu tipic de transmitere culturală eșuată. Transferul și transformarea valorilor, ide(alur)ilor și informației în viețile lui Seymour Levov, familiei și comunității sale se dovedesc guvernate de pierderi, reprezentări eronate și, în cele din urmă, entropie. Departe de a oferi o versiune romanțată asupra vieții în vecinătatea evreiască, așa cum sugerează titlul, romanul surprinde o imagine dezvrăjită a Americii, unde idealismul și radicalismul se ciocnesc pe fundalul unor ani 1960 scindați ideologic. În timp ce „Suedezul” pare că întruchipează inițial (super)eroul Visului American al clasei de mijloc, Pastorala americană înregistrează evoluția Americii după cel de Al Doilea Război Mondial, redată drept un amestec de convenționalism și rebeliune, ambele rezultate din diferite tipuri de îndoctrinare. Lucrarea examinează discursurile polarizante ale cărții, luând în considerare un pasaj emblematic: „Poate cel mai bine ar fi să uităm de a avea sau nu dreptate despre oameni și să ne bucurăm doar de călătorie”. Cuvinte-cheie: Americana, comunitate, discurs, ideologie, identitate, mit, traumă Article history: Received 15 March 2024; Revised 27 August 2024; Accepted 01 September 2024; Available online 30 September 2024; Available print 30 September 2024.

The article aims to study the poetics evolution of a great Polish poet and prose writer, Nobel prize winner Czesław Miłosz towards a fundamentally new comprehensive literary form: from “Piesek Przydrożny” (“Roadside Dog” 1997) to “Abecadło” (“Milosz`s ABC`s” 1997) and “Inne Abecadło” (“A Further Alphabet” 1998). The purpose stimulates the usage of the analytical, hermeneutics and receptive methodology, as well as textual analysis. It is stressed that the years of this work publication indicate the writerєі success in his determined search for a form that would be capable, containing immense life material, countless events, lives and artistic-philosophical reflections, to create the picture of the 20th century. The paper highlights why “Piesek Przydrożny” does not meet any requirements for containing the unlimited number of life facts within a text. We’ve noted the organizing function of Piesek in the system of a fictional unity. Moving freely, Piesek made it possible for Miłosz to create a certain series of philosophical pieces (“Ubóstwo wyobraźni”, “Wzniosłość”, “Pieśń dziadowsku”, “Со upadek”, “Powieść”, “Gombrowicz”, “Polski literat”) and several tragic essays – “Ojcowskie kłopoty”, “Zmartwienia historyka” and others. It is proven that while the form of this book contains a variety of material, it still cannot give Miłosz the absolute freedom he was striving for. The writer was determined to find the form which would, according to him, “allow for much freedom”, “not pursue beauty but just register facts”. Considering Е. Brazgovskaya’s findings, the productivity of the alphabet (аbecadło) is proved. The paper expresses the idea that one can treat the alphabet (аbecadło) as a kind of a memoir genre. The innovative structure of “Abecadło”, consisting of essays-novels, is analyzed. The article traces the associative connections which cement 200 essays into a single entity, creating the image of the epoch.

Este trabajo aborda la cuestión del carácter utópico del libro, de la acción y del proyecto político y cultural de Alfonso X. Para tratar de establecer si cabe considerar que las obras del Rey Sabio pueden considerarse utópicas, se analizarán tres aspectos: la propia realización de los códices, como plasmación de un proyecto de reforma; el carácter inconcluso de este proyecto que parece adscribir lo utópico a lo irrealizable; el desplazamiento de la utopía de la obra en sí a su hacedor, el rey. This paper addresses the question of the utopian character of the book, of Alfonso X’s action and of his political and cultural project. To try to establish whether the works of this king can be considered utopian, three aspects will be analysed: the actual creation of the codices, as the embodiment of a reform project; the unfinished nature of this project, which seems to ascribe the utopian to the unrealisable; and the shift of the utopia from the work itself to its maker, the king.

Abstract In this paper we analyse how populist leaders in UK and Italy – namely Nigel Farage, Nicola Sturgeon, Giorgia Meloni, and Matteo Salvini – reacted to the first and second lockdowns on their Twitter accounts, communicating directly to their people. The analysis was carried out following a combined qualitative and quantitative approach to discourse. The qualitative analysis focused on comparing populist leaders’ rhetorical and semiotic choices, while the quantitative analysis observed the response by the community of common Twitter users. This work aims on the one hand at unveiling the strategic use of social media by populist leaders and on the other at investigating conflictual interactional dynamics, especially in times of crisis.

This paper aims to analyze the social representations of women in Portuguese Textbooks (LDP) distributed in high school programs of state schools and selected based on the Guide of the National Textbook Program (PNLD) 2018. To this end, we draw from the field of Discourse Analysis, more specifically, from Foucault’s postulates (2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016) in dialogue with the notion of “gender identity”, by Louro (1997, 2008). The corpus of analysis is comprised of visual-linguistic texts collected from the three most chosen collections of high school textbooks by schools of Minas Gerais State. Based on the analyses, we found that the corpus presents visual-linguistic texts that foster possible questions about normalized gender representations for women. However, we could perceive that most of the scenes portray previously normalized roles based on the traditional model of asymmetric gender relations. Therefore, in this paper we present other interpretations of the visual-linguistic materialities of LDPs, outlining possible practices of sexism confrontation in Portuguese language teaching and learning.

Abstract: Proverbs, in general, are employed not only for their functionality but also for their aesthetic or literary reasons which render them effective in discourse (Yankah, 1989; Dipio, 2019). This paper sought to explore the aesthetic nature of proverbs and their effects on discourse. It also aimed to find out the extent to which the characteristics of written literature could be found in proverbs which are the product of oral literature. The questions which underpin this research are: What are the aesthetic qualities embedded in Akan proverbs? To what extent do they impact on proverbial discourse? To be able to find answers to these questions, we adopted the traditional library research approach to select sixteen (16) Akan proverbs from books and journal articles for our literary and pragmatic analyses. The findings show that literary devices present in novels, poems, and other documentary forms of literature are equally seen in Akan proverbs. They also reveal that the rhetoric figures in proverbs aid the proverbial message to appeal to the human senses for a better understanding by the interlocutor. The aim of this paper is to examine some literary devices in Akan proverbs and what they add to the proverbial message.

This paper starts from the premise that interrogative structures have significant impact on verbal behaviour and human behaviour, in general. Our analysis of this particular type of discourse is based on the assertions of E. Benveniste, according to whom interrogation is one of the fundamental speech acts of interhuman behaviour, alongside of assertion and imperative structures.

This paper explores the effect of globalization on the translation industry and the demands it places on translators. The paper argues that translators are not only individuals with some knowledge of the source or target language, but they also often act as mediators between the discourse of the source culture and the discourse of the target audience. To be a successful translator, one has to possess the knowledge of both the general culture of the target audience, specialized knowledge within the domain of that particular text, and perfect knowledge of the target language, not to mention the ability to detect any particularities in the source text and language. The article argues for the imperative of equipping modern interpreters and translators with a set of extra-linguistic assets imposed by the modern economic structure of the world. The paper traces back the history of the English language as an example of the domineering linguistic power that has been solidified by socio-political and economic status leading up to considering it a globalized code. The outcome of this universal metamorphosis has reached such a point that it requires from people worldwide and namely in specific areas of trade to adapt to these exigencies. In this sense, global and business exchanges cannot be successfully realized without a strong probability of understanding the message issuing from the other. Hence the need to create interlinguistic agents that are able to minimize the existing nuances between people of the world primarily for universal economic reasons. Those people are supposed to reach beyond the linguistic requirements for the act of translation and to embrace the demands of the specific business field or area which in is in itself a part of competency within the boundaries of modern training impositions. The article contends as well for the need on the part of modern translators to embrace modern technological innovations that are supposed to be shielded to support the human trials to bring in concrete shape poles-apart nations. In a globalized world, technology invades all life domains where translation studies are no exception. The paper concludes by suggesting strategies for translators to position themselves as assets to their organization and to counteract the belief that anyone with language experience can translate.

The Lehesaju Muusika International Music and Poetry Festival in Tartu as a Specific Form of Cultural Mediation and Object of Analysis for Research on Multilingualism. The paper focuses on the multilingual discourse of the Lehesaju Muusika international music and poetry festival, which takes place annually in Tartu, Estonia. Being an international cultural event organised by ethnic minorities, Lehesaju Muusika represents a unique source of empirical data for research on multilingualism. The festival attracts songwriters and performers of the so-called ‘author song’ or ‘bard song’ not only from Estonia, but also from all over the world. The key feature of this genre is the dominance of the text over the music. The spatial organisation of a concert hall represents a specific power constellation within a microsocial structure. Performing artists have the power to decide in which language they perform and address the multilingual audience, while the audience itself has an indirect effect on this decision. The artist’s dialogue with the audience represents a peculiar discursive entity within the discourse of the festival. Code-switching appears to be one of the inherent characteristics of this discursive entity. The present paper summarises some key features of international music and poetry festivals as multilingual cultural events, focusing on the discourse of the Lehesaju Muusika festival. It offers a brief analysis of the audience’s language profile based on the results of a microsociological case study carried out during the latest festival, in 2019. To illustrate the complexity of the multilingual communication during the festival, three situations of code-switching during the performance of an Estonian native speaker in front of the multilingual audience are described and analysed.

Tourism has witnessed continued expansion and deepening diversification over the decades. Tourist discourse can be seen as a pivotal tool of propaganda. The language use in tourist discourse, with the purpose of promoting consumption, is deliberately designed to build a positive image and exert an unconscious impact on the targeted audience. The paper provides a systematic analysis of the manipulative means in British tourist discourse from the perspective of language structure: phonological, lexical, semantic, and syntactic levels.

This paper analyzes the communication processes in online media about four TV series, all of them in Netflix (La Casa de Papel, Peaky Blinders, Elite, and Sex Education). We are interested in how these streaming series are reconstructed by specific audiences in social networks. We look at the conversations in the digital fans’ communities organized around these series on social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube, and other digital contexts (e.g., digital magazines). A total of 408,536 mentions and 189,040 users were generated as the corpus of the data. The analysis process requires a channeling of data flow, defining a coherent system of themes and categories. The paper shows the elements that fans use to reconstruct the stories, for example, mentioning actors or characters. Very similar dimensions appear both in relation to the stories and the way they are constructed from a pandemic situation.

The Valley of Kashmir has a rich Folklore and folk literature is an integral part of Kashmiri Culture. Folkloristics maintains that the message conveyed through folklore may appear simple but it is intertwined with complexities. This paper attempts to study the folklore of Kashmir through an analysis of Kashmiri proverbs to uncover the simple/complex message transmitted through proverbs. The endeavour is to highlight how folklore is informed by Power relations and how the conception of Power interlaces the content, milieu and purpose of folklore. Michel Foucault traces the role of discourse underlying seemingly neutral context of speech, representation and knowledge. Along with Foucault’s concept of discourse, insights from feminist theory have also been employed to expose the discourse of patriarchy, religion and authority in Kashmiri folk literature. The study investigates the power structure inherent in the proverbs of Kashmir and attempts to unravel how discourse constructs unequal power relations. The attempt is to illustrate how power abuse is enacted, reproduced and legitimized.

This paper focuses on the mediating role paratexts perform in the transmission of a text from one culture to another. Our case in point is a series of (re)translations of Oscar Wilde’s fairy tales into Romanian (published between 1911 and 2018), with their respective allographic paratextuality (prefaces, postfaces, translator’s foreword, introduction, glossaries, author biographies, dedications etc.). The paratexts are examined with a view to distinguishing between those which allocate authority to the translated text and those which undermine it. Architectural metaphorics will be resorted to, for a better illustration of the relation between text and paratext. If, according to Kant (1987[1781]), pareregon is to ergon what columns are to buildings, and if, when it comes to books, parergon is a (near-)synonym for paratext, the text-as-house imagery proposed here is meant to encapsulate the way books assemble their (para)textual contents for the reading public.

Despite being disbanded, HTI activities in Indonesia are allegedly continuing through signals and ideologies that still exist. Muslimahnews.com is a propaganda media with the hashtag ‘Inspirational and Educating’ under this organization. Muslimahnews.com puts its segmentation on Islamic women’s groups in Indonesia with content that is. This paper uncovers how and why Muslimahnews.com dominates women through texts containing the Khilafah ideology. The analysis shows that the texts on Muslimahnews.com have a structuration that harmoniously perpetuates seduction and threats. The media, which is part of HTI, urged its agents, especially women, to revive the Khilafah ideology. Women internalize these values, then unknowingly become victims of the intensification and normalization of their power practice agenda.

In an age when the global dissemination of digital information is transforming the way we read and write by foregrounding the interdependence of visual/verbal elements and languages, the reconstruction of identity and history in digital environments challenges binary translation processes. From this perspective, we interrogate the integration of visual and verbal elements in three Wikipedia articles, written in Polish, English, and Portuguese, about the topic “Polish death camp”. What is the role of translation in the semiotic construction of historical discourses in these articles? What are the conflicts generated by translated denominations? How do Wikipedia communities engage with the production of these cognitive representations? This paper attempts to answer these questions.

The present study investigates the motives and intricacies of the conflict between the trans-inclusive and trans-exclusionary communities from a linguistic perspective. The purpose of the study is to analyse the use and the connotations of the acronyms TERF and TRA across the two groups, as well as examining the representation of participants in USA-based forums regarding this matter. In order to tackle this issue, this paper uses WordSmith Tools to carry out a discursive-semantic analysis of the conflict and the acronyms TERF and TRA. Employing a mixed- method approach, quantitative analysis revealed that the use of these acronyms is higher in trans- exclusionary forums. Moreover, findings from the qualitative analysis shed light on the conceptualization of the conflict as a war through metaphors, and the representation of participants as enemies in the two groups. In summary, different discursive and linguistic strategies are employed in trans-inclusive and trans-exclusionary forums that perpetuate and enhance the online conflict.

A phonetico-phonological study of Spanish declaratives which integrates the description of intonation tunes together with their pragmatic interpretations in the framework of a multilevel theory of communication is absent in most intonational accounts. In this paper, we contribute with a discourse-oriented analysis of read-news speech in Spanish. Its integrated two-fold orientation in terms of the universally well-accepted intonational framework, the Autosegmental-Metrical Theory, together with another universally recognised cognitive theory of communication, Relevance Theory, reveals that boundary tones stand as a powerful phonological unit to lead subjects through a structured discourse, and a contextualised presentation of information. In addition, our multilevel model of boundary tone interpretations also accounts for the socio-cultural use of politeness together with its orientation towards the different individuals in the communicative act: the speaker, the hearer, or both.

Objective/Context: This article analyses the causes and consequences of the transition from Marxism to post-Marxism in Ernesto Laclau’s work by establishing four permanent themes throughout his oeuvre that are scenarios of this shift: the question of the constitution of society, a theory of the political subject, the issue of political strategy and the question of the project. Methodology: The research strategy envisages genealogical archaeology. On the one hand, archaeology allows a synchronic analytical procedure to study the different stages in the author’s work. On the other hand, genealogy enables a diachronic study of the treatment of the four major themes in the successive theoretical interventions. Conclusions: This paper shows how the ontological rupture affects the theory of the subject, the strategic conception, and the position of the future. The category of hegemony and discourse intervene in a new conceptual matrix that admits the infinity of the social as a historical and theoretical condition. From this movement, developments in rhetoric and psychoanalysis offer tools for investigating the three theoretical problems, and the change of epoch opens up a reflection on the horizon of the democratic future. Originality: The article contributes to the knowledge of Ernesto Laclau’s proposal, explaining the conditions of his post-Marxist evolution and establishing conditions for a dialogue in the field of critical theory that focuses on the four problems: order, subjects, strategy, and the future.

‘Slow travel’ and ‘slow tourism’ are relatively new, but contested, concepts. This paper examines the meanings ascribed to them in the academic literature and websites targeted at potential tourists. It finds concurrence on aspects of savouring time at the destination and investing time to appreciate the locality, its people, history, culture and products, but detects different emphases. The academic literature stresses the benefits to the destination and global sustainability, while the websites focus on the personal benefits and ways of becoming a ‘slow tourist’. Food and drink epitomise the immersion in and absorption of the destination and the multi-dimensional tourism experience, contrasted with the superficiality of mainstream tourism. The paper discusses whether tourists practising slow tourism without using the label are slow tourists or not.

The paper presents a revision of literature related to discourse in the study of organizations, based on its theoretical fundamentals and its main contributions. The unit of analysis was 88 texts selected from a systematic revision of 5509 papers, published between 2000 and 2012 in ten of the principal international journals related to the subject defined. In order to highlight and categorize pertinent data, the qualitative research software Atlas.ti version 6.2 was used. The understanding of the information was complemented with contents and frequency analysis methods. Four dimensions of discourse were inferred from the main results: instrumental, symbolic, strategic and communicational. Additionally, a classification of the papers was made based on their approaches on discourse and the organizational themes studied. The contributions found in such revision support the idea that discourse is not only what is actually said, but also what has been silenced within the organization, which opens a field for research that has not been explored thoroughly in the analyzed texts. This paper incorporates a valuable contribution to the field of management and organizational studies, especially for all those professionals interested in organizational analysis from the perspective of discourse, both in the academy and in consultancy and organizational intervention.

This paper sets out to analyze the presence of alternative literary representations to the classic canons of patriarchy and, specifically, search for texts where a matriarchal order is constructed as a subversive form of exercising power. The interpretive dimension of women as protagonists/participants of the literary narrative is the one that centers the analyses carried out, extracting the archetypal connotations of the characters that articulate the story and their own relationships, which constitutes a critical evidence of realities that transmit implicit knowledge to the reader about the social existence. Although literature generates a negotiated fiction, its critical reading should not be carried out outside those sociological categories that allow us to unravel the world. After reviewing some theoretical concepts on the ideas of matriarchy, patriarchy and feminist criticism, three works have specifically been selected as outstanding examples of how creative tools can serve female empowerment and the transformation of the collective imagination: Lysistrata, a comedy by Aristophanes; One Hundred Years of Solitude, the novel par excellence by Gabriel García Márquez and The Country of Women, by Nicaraguan Gioconda Belli, one of the most prominent feminist writers in contemporary literature written in Spanish. The three works are intimately connected and represent, in turn, a plausible (re) conceptualization of the feminine experience aligned with feminist theories of difference. This last issue allows us to invite the reader to return to one of the classic debates of the contemporary feminist movement: to renounce or to exalt gender, finding in it, rather than a violent and oppressive social construction, an opportunity to change the world from a new scale of values starring motherhood and care policy.

This paper examines the emblematic case of the use of the discourse of democracy as a key component of identity formation strategies on the Venezuelan right. The Venezuelan opposition’s identity narrative is analysed as part of its competition for hegemony following the emergence of the Chavist political project, based on interviews conducted in 2016 with Venezuelans from this part of the political spectrum. The Venezuelan case reveals that the discourse of democracy not only facilitates the coalition and mobilisation of individuals without necessarily articulating ideological references of left or right, it also helps prevent changes to the existing social order.

ABSTRACT:This paper proposes a corpus-based examination of the discourse of eliteness and personalisation news values in the information source. To that end, the study compares digital news in British and Spanish corpora. The results reveal a tendency to quote elites, which are frequently constructed by means of recognised names from politics, inanimate references with broad scope and role labels in apposition. To a lesser extent, prestige is construed through status-indicating modifiers and allusion to place of work. Ordinary sources, however, are usually construed via indication of provenance, reference to family relationship and anaphoric allusions, mostly in British sources. It remains to be clarified whether the construal of these values is in consonance with the editorial stance of the newspaper. KEYWORDS: discourse; eliteness; information source; news values; personalisation. RESUMO:Este artigo propõe um exame, baseado em corpus, do discurso da elite e a personalização dos valores informacionais na fonte de informação. Para isso, o estudo compara as notícias digitais em corpora britânicos e espanhóis. Os resultados revelam uma tendência a citar as elites, que são frequentemente construídas através de nomes políticos reconhecidos, referências inanimadas de grande alcance e etiquetas de papel na aposição. Em menor medida, o prestígio é interpretado através de modificadores que indicam status e alusões ao lugar de trabalho. As fontes comuns, no entanto, são geralmente interpretadas através da indicação de proveniência, referência à relação familiar e alusões anafóricas, especialmente em fontes britânicas. Resta esclarecer se a interpretação destes valores está em consonância com a postura editorial do jornal. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: discurso; elitismo; fonte de informação; valores informacionais; personalização.

Object/Context: This article analyses and compares the ideological dimension of anticorruption discourses and policies in Colombia during the presidency of Alvaro Uribe (2002-2010) and Juan Manuel Santos (2010-2018) and in Ecuador during the presidency of Rafael Correa (2007-2017). Methodology: We develop an ideological and discourse analysis of corruption discourses combining the theoretical framework of Laclau and Mouffe on discourse analysis with the morphological analysis of ideologies developed by Michael Freeden. We utilize this theoretical framework in order to analyze both qualitatively and quantitatively anticorruption discourses and policies. Conclusions: In the Colombian case the anticorruption discourse of presidents Uribe and Santos (2002-2018) legitimized a neoliberal order by articulating corruption as a phenomenon that belongs primarily to the public sphere. The government of Correa (2007-2017), however, identified corruption primarily with the private sector. As a consequence, his anticorruption discourse served to resist the neoliberal order and legitimize the ideology of the twenty first-century socialism. Originality: There are very few studies that unearth the ideological dimension of anticorruption discourses and policies. This paper seeks to fill this vacuum by utilizing an innovative theoretical framework that allows us to identify the ways in which anticorruption discourses and policies serve to legitimize and implement a political ideology

Abstract References to landscape and places are central in traditional narratives by speakers of Dâw (Naduhup, Brazilian Amazon). This emphasis on spatial reference is primarily established through locative adverbial clauses that are often repeated throughout the discourse. Their function is to relate an event to a place, establish reference to locative information mentioned earlier in discourse, and provide cohesion when pre-posed to the main clause. In this syntactic position, they act as bridges connecting sentences and paragraphs by referring to antecedent context. Locative adverbial clauses in clause-initial position are interesting in Dâw because they can occur as exact replicas of a locative adverbial clause that was postposed to the main clause of the antecedent sentence. This strategy has been described in the literature as tail-head linkage. Its central function is to maintain coherence among participants and events along subsequent sentences in discourse and to ensure that the interlocutor is able to track the numerous locations mentioned in the narrative. This paper explores the functional and formal properties of tail-head linkage by focusing on locative adverbial clauses in Dâw, and contributes to the understanding of how processes of subordination can be responsible for tracking spatial information in the discourse of Dâw speakers.

In language, there are a few cases of exposition of arguments that, in spite of all the effort the subjects do in their enunciative constructs, misunderstandings and contradictions seem to return in these arguments, which may generate some disagreement. These flaws in argumentation can and must be explained by several theories within the scope of language studies: from the most structural, through the enunciative theories, to the most discursive. In this sense, we propose in this paper to search, in a discursive understanding of language, namely, from French Discourse Analysis, and more specifically that of the discursive theory of constitutive silence to every language process, proposed by Eni Orlandi (2007), the analyzes for these ritual failures in the elaboration of the arguments. To do so, we have brought the analysis of some cases that have occurred in what we call the digital media of Brazilian daily life, that is, cases that circulated in the virtual spaces of the Internet and its various enunciative devices. In these case analysis, we seek, through the formula of constitutive and foundational silence, described by Orlandi (2007), to understand how misunderstandings and contradictions are, in fact, the evidence and irruption of these discursive silencings in the discursive arguments of the cases. Thus, responding to this hypothesis is our main objective in this work.

The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the concept of subject used in the theoretical approach on literary journalism (LJ), understanding that a discursive practice that is defined from subjectivity must promote a dialogue with discussions about the historicity, the unconscious and the ideology. It is based on the concerns expressed by different authors in the sense that LJ places itself in a position of differentiation and alternative in relation to traditional proposals of journalistic production. By inserting itself in this other space of meaning production, we mobilize Michel Pêcheux’s theory of language to explain the founding subjectivity between the act of writing and reading a text presenting the LJ characteristics. From the reflection on what could be analyzed in a press text containing characteristics considered as literary, some of the questions that a discursive approach is capable of indicating for journalism are presented, as well as what would be the aesthetics of literature in the Pêcheux’s approach. We concluded on the need for an ideological analysis of LJ that is added and it proposes advances to the reflection of the formal aspects of language and content traditionally carried out in the area. O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre o conceito de sujeito empregado na abordagem teórica sobre o jornalismo literário (JL), entendendo que uma prática discursiva que se define a partir da subjetividade deve promover um diálogo com discussões acerca da historicidade, o inconsciente e a ideologia. Parte-se de inquietações apresentadas por diferentes autores no sentido de que o JL se coloca numa posição de diferenciação e de alternativa em relação às propostas tradicionais de produção jornalística. Ao inserir-se nesse outro espaço de produção de sentidos, mobilizamos a teoria da linguagem de Michel Pêcheux para explicar a subjetividade fundadora entre o ato de escrever e ler um texto que apresente as características do JL. A partir da reflexão sobre o que poderia ser analisado num texto da imprensa que contém características tidas como literárias, são apresentados alguns dos questionamentos que uma abordagem discursiva é capaz de indicar para o jornalismo, bem como o que seria a estética da literatura na abordagem pecheutiana. Concluímos sobre a necessidade de uma análise ideológica do JL que seja acrescentada e proponha avanços à reflexão dos aspectos formais de linguagem e conteúdo, tradicionalmente realizada na área. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre el concepto de sujeto empleado en el abordaje teórico sobre el periodismo literario, entendiendo que una práctica discursiva que se define a partir de la subjetividad debe promover un diálogo con discusiones acerca de la historicidad, el inconsciente y la ideología. Se parte de inquietudes presentadas por diferentes autores en el sentido de que el periodismo literario se sitúa en una posición de diferenciación y de alternativa en relación a las propuestas tradicionales de producción periodística. Al insertarse en ese otro espacio de producción de sentidos, movilizamos la teoría del lenguaje de Michel Pêcheux para explicar la subjetividad fundadora entre el acto de escribir y leer un texto que presente las características del periodismo literário. A partir de la reflexión sobre lo que podría ser analizado en un texto de la prensa que contiene características tenidas como literarias, se presentan algunos de los cuestionamientos que un abordaje discursivo es capaz de indicar para el periodismo, así como lo que sería la estética de la literatura en el abordaje de Pêcheux. Concluimos sobre la necesidad de un análisis ideológico del periodismo literario que se añada y proponga avances a la reflexión de los aspectos formales de lenguaje y contenido, tradicionalmente realizada en el área.

This paper reports a study on the perception of English syllabic consonants vs. schwa in word fi nal position at discourse level. Our aim is to fi nd out whether gender and accent play a signifi cant role in the pereception of potential syllabic consonants, a topic which needs further research (see Takefuta & Black 1966; Bloom, Moore-Schoenmakers & Masataka 1999). Three females indentifi ed a schwa/syllabic consonant in 800 words uttered in specifi c contextx by 80 non-rhotic native newsreaders (40m/40f) from the BBC Learning English Website. The statistical procedures used were the contingency table analysis and Kendall's correlation coeffi cient. The study reveals that gender and accent do not perform a signifi cant role in the perception of this alternation. They were found not to infl uence the referees' perception, their degree of agreement being quite similar in the categories of each variable. The exploration of the schwa vs. syllabic consonant perception in terms of word position (within an utterance) and word emphasis is suggested.This paper reports a study on the perception of English syllabic consonants vs. schwa in word final position at discourse level. Our aim is to find out whether gender and accent play a significant role in the perception of potential syllabic consonants, a topic which needs further research (see Takefuta & Black 1966; Bloom, Moore-Schoenmakers & Masataka 1999). Three females indentified a schwa/syllabic consonant in 800 words uttered in specific contextx by 80 non-rhotic native newsreaders (40m/40f) from the BBC Learning English Website. The statistical procedures used were the contingency table analysis and Kendall's correlation coefficient. The study reveals that gender and accent do not perform a significant role in the perception of this alternation. They were found not to influence the referees' perception, their degree of agreement being quite similar in the categories of each variable. The exploration of the schwa vs. syllabic consonant perception in terms of word position (within an utterance) and word emphasis is suggested.

Este artículo expone tres aproximaciones teóricas que han sido propuestas para la comprensión de la relación entre el lenguaje y conocimiento: la del cognitivismo, la del socio constructivismo y la del socio constructivismo discursivo. Posteriormente, presenta secuencias de aula que ilustran cada uno de estos enfoques, a fin de analizar y evaluar cada postura desde el punto de vista del aprendizaje escolar. Finalmente, llega a conclusiones sobre las relaciones entre los tres enfoques considerados respecto de su aplicación específica al contexto pedagógico y didácticoThis paper explains three theoretical approaches that have been proposed to explain the relationship between language and knowledge: cognitivism, social constructivism and discursive constructivism. Later on, the paper presents different classroom dialogues and speech sequences that illustrate each approach to analyze and evaluate them from the point of view of school learning. Finally, some statements are about the relationships among the three approaches and with respect to their application to the classroom context

Efetua-se um mapeamento dos conceitos de ideologia e discurso nas obras de Marx e Foucault, respectivamente. Procede-se também a uma recapitulação da análise marxiana da inversão das leis de apropriação como substrato da destruição de uma forma ideológica específica; assim como se retoma, na obra foucaultiana, a arqueologia da relação médico-paciente como exemplo de configuração de um determinado campo discursivo. Por fim, indica-se um distanciamento e uma convergência entre os conceitos em questão.This paper identifies the concepts of ideology and discourse in the works of Marx and Foucault, respectively. It summarizes the Marxist analysis of the reversal of the laws of property as a consequence of the destruction of a specific ideology; and presents the archeology of the doctor-patient relationship, from the work of Foucault, as an example of the configuration of a particular discursive field. To conclude, the paper points to a distanciation and a convergence between the concepts in question.

Este artigo tem o objetivo analisar a interação por meio dos discursos no romance, partindo do princípio que não são formas sintáticas de transmissão das falas e dos pensamentos das personagens, mas representações da interação entre sujeitos e suas posições axiológicas. Analisa a relação entre Lingüística e Literatura, partilhando a visão de Maingueneau segundo a qual não se pode continuar a pensar dicotomicamente essa relação, uma vez que as duas ciências da linguagem trazem novas descobertas para o texto literário. Tomando por base a teoria bakhtiniana, faz um estudo dos discursos num fragmento de Capitães da Areia, que revela o embate de visões de mundo, a das elites e a dos excluídos, representados artisticamente nesse romance.The aim of this paper is to analyse the interaction in the novel, starting from the principle that discourses can not be structured as reported speeches, for they are representations of the interaction between subjects and their axiological positions. This paper also analyses the relationship between Linguistics and Literature, sharing Maingueneau's view that one can not continue to think this relationship dichotomically, for both sciences of language bring new discoveries for the literary text. Taking Bakhtinian discourse theory as our base, this article studies the discourses in a fragment of Capitães de Areia, which reveals the clash of views of the world: that of the elite and that of the excluded, represented artistically in the novel.

Muitos analistas mostraram que os movimentos ambientalistas têm experimentado, na melhor das hipóteses, um sucesso heterogêneo. Nosso artigo desenvolve uma estrutura teórica do por que este tem sido o caso. O trabalho vale-se de muitas tradições intelectuais, incluindo teorias da escolha racional, ecologia humana, retórica, mobilização de recursos, movimentos sociais, crítica e conflito. Nós examinamos as maneiras pelas quais as questões ambientais são elaboradas e priorizadas no processo de decisão coletiva, tanto dentro dos movimentos ambientalistas como na política em geral. As questões ambientais com freqüência são usadas para energizar um eleitorado a apoiar uma dada política partidária; no entanto a menos que o meio ambiente seja uma das principais prioridades daquela administração, ela é abandonada a favor de outras questões. Da mesma maneira, nós consideramos como outros movimentos sociais podem cooptar eficazmente preocupações ambientais, com isso desviando quantias significativas da energia coletiva para outros fins. A teoria mencionada é fractal, ou recursiva, aplicando-se a uma quantidade de níveis de análise. O artigo conclui sugerindo modos pelos quais os movimentos ambientalistas podem tornar-se mais eficazes.A number of observers have pointed out that environmental movements have, at best, met with mixed success. Our paper develops a theoretical framework for why this has been the case. The work draws on a number of intellectual traditions, including theories of rational choice, human ecology, rhetoric, resource mobilization, social movements, criticism and conflict. We examine ways in which environmental issues are framed and prioritized in the collective decision process, both within environmental movements, and for the overall polity. Environmental issues often are used to energize a constituency to support a given political regime; yet unless environment is one of the regime’s top priorities, it is typically abandoned in favor of other issues. In a related vein, we consider how other social movements can effectively co-opt environmental concerns, thereby diverting significant amounts of collective energy to other ends. The theory adduced is fractal, or recursive, applying on a number of levels of analysis. The paper concludes by suggesting ways in which environmental movements can become more effective.

This paper seeks to analyze a language structure which, taken to a different sphere, a different discursive practice, a different culture, leads to the appearance of equally differing discourses which, in turn, point to the language assets and to its discursive productivity in different contexts. Based on the concepts of sphere and dialogical relations, both stemming from Bakhtinian terminology, and taking into account that language studies practiced by different trends of discourse analysis agree on the fact that they all seek to understand the production of meaning by means of historical, social and cultural dimensions, this paper aims, mainly, at observing the verses of a Brazilian ontemporary song in which the verb vir (to come) is used in its pronominal form vir-se (also to come). Noticing the presence of this form – which is totally strange to Brazilian speakers of Portuguese – in the Brazilian artistic realm, one is led to recognize the forms of language in use as part of the object targeted by analyses and by the theories of discourse.

This paper considers how the homogeneity of the capitalist narrative of “tourism is good for the economy,” that has been sponsored and perpetuated by the official governmental institutions since the 1960’s Francoism’s desarrollismo period to present day, did not transfer its economic blessings to all social actors. On the contrary, it has generated social conflict, a border of self-interest between the institutional agencies and the local, which has elided possibilities of home-grown prosperity for the locals. The narrative of a homogeneous economic bonanza has created a fantasy that has irrevocably affected the city’s authenticity as an urban space. It has also codified its struggle under pintadas callejeras (written graffiti): “Tourism Kills” written all over the city. This declaration of confrontation presents the citizens of Barcelona with a simple metaphor that represents global mass-tourism as the equivalent of the beginning of the end for the local way of life.

Roughly, occupational health has been understood as the balance of demands and organizational resources with respect to the prevention of diseases and accidents, as well as adherence to treatment and rehabilitation of convalescent workers, but in a political sense, occupational health is a reflection of a health agenda, the positioning and questioning of health policies, as well as the promises of political campaigns in the field. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the meanings around the categories of agenda, positioning and processing to interpret the discourses of excluded migrants groups, considering the contributions of Carreón (2016; 2019) and García (2017; 2019). A non-experimental, exploratory, cross-sectional, qualitative and quantitative study was carried out with a non-probabilistic sampling of seven informants, considering economic, labor, civil and social status. The results show that the categories in question legitimize the differences between the occupational health of the youth respect to that of the old age population, as well as the role of the State as administrator of retirement funds or economic supports. Empirical and testable lines of research are noted.

An answer is proposed in this paper as to why it is hard to find consensus on which phenomena are considered as populist and which are not. It is argued that populism is an essentially contested concept (Gallie, 1998), which encompasses disparate phenomena from a particular notion of popular sovereignty within the democratic narrative, around which there are endless disputes. It is also proposed that in order to analyze populism taking into account these elements, it is necessary to acknowledge its normative nature, since classical definitions of populism fall short by not considering this component, the acknowledgement of which excludes the possibility of definitively solving the problem of the classic categorization of a phenomenon as populist or non-populist. A qualitative conceptual review methodology is used. Both the essentially contested concepts as proposed by Gallie and some insights on the conceptualization of the normative elements in social sciences by Connolly (1993) are addressed.

In 2001, Iara Bernardi, then Representative of the Labor Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores) in São Paulo, proposed Bill 122, known as the “anti-homophobia law”, with the goal of including discrimination against sexual orientation or gender identity as identified in the criminal code (in particular, Law 7716 from 1989, also known as the Racism Law). This paper presents some of the conclusions I reached while doing my PhD research investigating the journalistic coverage of Bill 122 between 2001 and 2015; the year it was filed away. This investigation was conducted based on the methodological tools from the Membership Categorization Analysis (MCA). The result of the analysis brought four analytical patterns to light, which encompass the categorizations of membership used in journalistic discourses during that period for issues such as LGBT, Bill 122 itself, homosexuality and Brazilian institutions, in which, Brazil, the Congress and the State are categorized. For the purposes of the analysis, we applied the term “conservative” to the categorizations of Congress. Em 2001, a então deputada Iara Bernardi (PT-SP) propôs, na Câmara dos Deputados, o Projeto de Lei da Câmara 122 (PLC 122), conhecido como “lei anti-homofobia”, com o objetivo de ampliar a Lei do Crime Racial (7716⁄89) para incluir a discriminação por orientação sexual ou identidade de gênero. Este artigo apresenta um recorte das conclusões de minha tese de doutorado, que investigou a cobertura jornalística sobre o PLC 122, entre 2001 e 2015, quando o Projeto foi arquivado, com base na Análise de Categorização de Pertencimento (Membership Categorization Analysis). Em primeiro lugar, o artigo apresenta um panorama dos quatro padrões analíticos evidenciados pelo estudo, que englobam as categorizações de pertencimento utilizadas no âmbito dos discursos jornalísticos no período, acerca dos sujeitos LGBT, do projeto de lei em si, da prática homossexual e das instituições brasileiras, em que o Brasil, o Congresso Nacional e o Estado são categorizados. Para o exercício de análise, nos debruçamos sobre as categorizações do Congresso enquanto “conservador”. En 2001, Iara Bernardi, diputada de Partido de los Trabajadores en São Paulo, propuso el Proyecto de Ley de la Cámara 122 (PLC 122), conocido como "ley anti-homofobia", con el objetivo de incluir la discriminación por orientación sexual o identidad de género en el Código Penal, específicamente la Ley 7716, de 1989, conocida como Ley de Racismo). Este artículo presenta un recorte de las conclusiones de mi tesis doctoral, que tuvo como objetivo investigar la cobertura periodística sobre el PLC 122, entre 2001 y 2015, cuando el proyecto fue archivado, con base en la Análisis de Pertenencia Categorial (Membership Categorization Analysis). En primer lugar, el artículo presenta un panorama de los cuatro patrones analíticos evidenciados por el estudio, que engloban las categorizaciones de pertenencia utilizadas en el ámbito de los discursos periodísticos en el período, acerca de los sujetos LGBT, del proyecto de ley en sí, de la práctica homosexual y de las instituciones brasileñas, en que Brasil, el Congreso Nacional y el Estado son categorizados. Para el ejercicio de análisis, nos ocupamos de las categorizaciones del Congreso como "conservador".

O presente artigo apresenta a análise de trabalhos de fim de curso escritos por professoras da rede municipal que freqüentaram um curso de extensão numa universidade pública. Após um semestre de contato com saberes científicos sobre alfabetização e letramento, em simultaneidade com discussões sobre possíveis trajetórias profissionais de formação docente, escreveram sobre suas próprias trajetórias profissionais. Efetuamos uma análise discursiva desses textos. Levantamos certos temas centrais deste discurso dos professores, situando a sua identidade profissional com relação aos saberes profissionais, delimitando certas posições discursivas no campo da formação, umas em relação às outras. Diferenças importantes foram encontradas entre as posições discursivas ocupadas por professores "não-regentes", que atuam como coordenadores e formadores, e as dos professores "regentes". Estes últimos têm clareza quanto a sua impossibilidade de acesso a posições. A análise do discurso, se apresentada às autoras, poderá produzir um efeito formador, tornando-as receptivas a prescrições de práticas pedagógicas produtivas para o trabalho escolar com a linguagem.This paper presents the analysis of texts written by female teachers from public schools at the end of a continuing education course at a public University. These teachers were exposed for a semester to scientific knowledge on teaching to read and write, literacy, and different teacher's training models. They wrote about their own professional trajectories and experiences. A discourse analysis allowed us to relate their professional knowledge to their position in the teachers' training field. Important differences were observed between the speeches of two groups of teachers: Those who work as coordinators or in-service teacher trainers and those who are actually teaching classes to students. In the latter group, papers reveal a clear sense of impossibility of access to certain positions in the literacy field. If presented to the authors, the results of this discourse analysis could be a formative experience, turning teachers more receptive to productive pedagogic practices to teach language in their schools.

Myths have no longer a transcendental role since they have become related to the idea of progress (continuous change) and its legitimation in a consumer’s society. In order to respond –discursively- to the development conditions of market, myths have turn into mere scenarios to display merchandise. This paper explains some discursive ways myth has achived in order to provide sense for material, spatial and temporary limits of market societies.

Our aim in this paper consists in grasping the media discourse functioning about the celebrity’s body, to describe the ways in which the subject celebrity is built in relation to the body and with knowledge and practices that emerge from this relationship. To this propose, we take as theoretical subsidy Michel Foucault’s reflections about the body, observed in a discursive bias. The materiality of analyses are made up of news published on the website Ego. In examining these reports, We have demonstrated that the subject celebrity subjective up from practices and knowledge that relate to the construction of a turning body under the fitness moral and, at the same time, it uses these discourses as possibilities to remain in the orbit of the media apparatus. In addition, the celebrity discourse emerge linguistic and enunciative marks related to indexes and rates of fat, amount of exercise and training, nutritional treatments and quirky diets, among other things, responsible for change that body, under the limits of a fitness moral of an ascetic that privileges the exibition of slim body shapes, wellturned and athletic.

Abstract: When the BBC was established in the 1920s it was believed that radio would bridge the dissociation between the mass of individual citizens and an increasingly complex society, enabling them to make up their minds on many matters. By the end of the twentieth century some children’s TV shows such as The Wind in the Willows in the 80s and The Teletubbies in the 90s still acted on those principles, instilling political conformity and social submission into the young viewers. Thus this paper discusses how beneath an ostensibly liberal approach to education may occasionally lurk a conservative ideology of class and nation. A sample analysis is included, suggesting that similar approaches can be applied to other so-called “children’s programmes” today which are also fables of adults’ anxieties about the future citizens’ conformity. Key words: Cultural studies, British culture, critical pedagogy, discourse, infant shows, TV studies. Resumen: La BBC se fundó en los años veinte bajo la creencia de que la radio tendería un puente para salvar la disociación entre la masa de ciudadanos y una sociedad cada vez más compleja, capacitándoles para formar su opinión sobre muchos asuntos. A finales del siglo XX algunos programas infantiles de televisión como The Wind in the Willows en los años ochenta y los Teletubbies en los noventa seguían respondiendo a aquellos principios, inculcando conformismo político y sumisión social a sus jóvenes telespectadores. El presente artículo argumenta cómo, bajo un enfoque educativo aparentemente liberal, acecha a veces una ideología clasista y jerarquizante. El artículo incluye análisis ilustrativos, y apunta la posibilidad de aplicar enfoques análogos a otros programas para niños que también constituyan fábulas de la preocupación de los adultos por el conformismo de los futuros ciudadanos. Palabras clave: Estudios culturales, cultura británica, pedagogía crítica, discurso, programas infantiles, televisión.

This paper aims at describing, based on the French Discourse Analysis and Cultural History, the discursive practices of contemporary representation of the reader through some reflections on the specialized and amateur critics. It is used as corpus cut one piece of news published on the entertainment portal UOL, under the title "Literary Market: will the booktubers replace the specialized critics?", signed by Rodrigo Casarin. It seeks to list and understand the discursive formations of the general reader and the professional player, this understood as the professional literary criticism that serves as an institutionalized reading. It wonders: why is the formal literary criticism of prestige, but when you want to sell the works and move the publishing market, it is necessary, at present, to promote the amateur comment? What are the limits between the general reader and the expert critical? Why does posting a video on the Internet give social capital to the one that is called a voracious reader and bring together readers and writers? In terms of language, what is said about reading at the time of cyberculture? To account for these reflections, theoretical reflections found in the works of Orlandi (2012), Foucault (2010) and Chartier (1998, 2010) are used.

Truth has been a central notion for journalism as a social institution. In current times, when journalistic role and practices are being challenged by audiences and by media reconfigurations, it is important to ask how the field's traditional values are being reorganized. Thus, the objective of this paper is to analyse how Brazilian television network Rede Globo comprehends the notion of truth in 2014’s institutional commercials. Through discourse analysis of their campaign, we found that the concept being presented is ambivalent: sometimes, truth is a unified entity and at other times it is multiple. Even though there is an ambiguity when presenting this value, journalism is always shown as responsible for mediating access to truth(s), high lightening journalistic relevance to society.

Through discourse analysis informed by a constructionist perspective, the present essay focuses on texts that may make logo-homophobia pervasive, fostering (heterosexual) “in-group solidarity” and/or “out-group marginalization” (Duszak 2002). To this purpose, it investigates fear across the double interrelated axis of homophobia and logophobia, i.e. the fear of speaking of homosexuality in several socio-cultural contexts, e.g. museum texts, film and dubbing, web communication, journalism and political discourse. After showing the alarming data from the “LGBT Survey” carried out by FRA (European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights) in 2012, the paper outlines recent instances of overt verbal homophobia in Britain that may have affected the public opinion on the topic. Concurrently, there are significant instances of covert verbal homophobia — connecting to the Foucaldian notion of logophobia — that seem to perpetuate LGBT stereotypes, especially through euphemisms or censoring. The case studies analysed draw on two macro-discourses, i.e. film language/film marketing and museum language/museum practices. Those are part of the overall contemporary media discourse on homosexuality and homophobia and seem particularly relevant given the direct relationship they are able to establish with their audiences, thus potentially influencing their mind-frames and socio-cognitive attitudes. Key Words: homophobia, logophobia, cinema, museum, discourse Riassunto Adottando la metodologia dell’analisi del discorso con una prospettiva costruzionista, l’articolo affronta una serie di testi che possono potenzialmente accrescere la pervasività della logoomofobia, rafforzando la coesione all’interno dei nuclei eterosessuali o la marginalizzazione di quelli omosessuali (Duszak 2002). Partendo da tali premesse, si analizzerà il concetto di paura e più precisamente la paura che può svilupparsi lungo il doppio asse di omofobia e logofobia nel discorso sull’omosessualità in svariati contesti socio-culturali europei (web, giornalismo, discorso politico, cinema, testi museali). Alla luce dei dati allarmanti presenti nel sondaggio “LGBT” condotto dal FRA (European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights) nel 2012, l’articolo propone una panoramica di casi recenti di omofobia verbale “esplicita” che ricorrono nel discorso politico inglese, i quali dimostrano di avere influenzato l’opinione pubblica sul tema. In seguito, ci si sofferma su esempi significativi di omofobia verbale “non esplicita” — in stretta relazione con la concezione foucaltiana di logofobia — che sembrano perpetuare gli stereotipi LGBT, in particolare attraverso l’uso di metafore, eufemismi e disfemismi. I casi studio qui affrontati derivano da due macrodiscorsi, quello del linguaggio e del marketing cinematografici e quello del linguaggio e delle pratiche museali. Entrambi rientrano nella macrocategoria del discorso pubblico intorno all’omosessualità e all’omofobia e si dimostrano particolarmente rilevanti a causa della relazione diretta che instaurano con i loro pubblici, influenzandone potenzialmente le mind-frame e gli atteggiamenti cognitivi. Parole chiave: omofobia, logofobia, cinema, museo, discorso

The Other’s Image and the Presence of Ethos, Pathos and Logos in Discourse -The 13thWarrior as a Sample- This paper highlights the decisive role discourse plays in revealing the identity of the speaker through three important dimensions that form the basic building block in every speech, and which are: the Ethos, the Pathos, and the Logos. These aspects -as explained by Aristotle- are deemed argumentative concepts, firstly intended to persuasion, and emerge from three fundamentals: ethics, affection and mind. They are also effective tools to influence the addressee to the extent of changing his mindset and altering his behaviour, as well as unveiling the latter’s different cultural representations, deriving from his identity which is governed by many factors too, including religion, ideology, social, psychological and geographical elements. All these specificities establish the question of the 'other' and symbolize with distinction the dialectic of selfhood and otherness. Thus, the present seeks to probe into the ethos, pathos, and logos by explaining their meanings and bringing into view their different manifestations in discourse and the ways to approach them linguistically and to be processed pragmatically. The film ‘The 13th Warrior’, adapted from Aḥmad ibn Faḍlān’s trip to the country of Saqāliba (Slavs), will constitute the corpus of this study, and his eloquent and pithy message which reveals the secrets and reports the news, in a tone with too much marvel about the life of the brave Northmen who Arabs have never set foot in their land, and their habits in food, drink, garment. .