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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the development of the cooperation between Brazil and Australia in science, technology and innovation (ST&I), as a unique collaboration resulting from a bottom-up strategy. Different from the cooperation approaches with other countries, with whom historical and cultural relations exist, it was built upon people-to-people linkages. Substantial partnerships between universities were fundamental to those linkages, fostering exchange programs and collaborative projects. They contributed to consolidate a critical mass among researchers, a condition expected by both countries’ governments to move forward signing an international high-level political agreement, which is currently implementing its first Joint Committee. The paper describes both countries’ institutional architecture, policy documents, agreements and exchange data, providing inputs for an exploratory analysis of their agenda and policy objectives for ST&I cooperation. It also demonstrates how people-to-people linkages can be fruitful when established in areas of common interest, such as water resources management, agriculture and tropical diseases, leading to an inevitable thickening of the ST&I cooperation. This analysis confirms the success of a bottom-up approach to ST&I cooperation in the pursuit of joint solutions for common challenges. When political will meets a strong scientific knitting and bilateral technical awareness, forthcoming results are expected to enhance strategic projects in areas of emerging importance. The expectation is to help policy makers comprehend the value of already existing partnerships, therefore stimulating innovative projects under the Brazil Australia ST&I Agreement.

This paper provides an analysis of the evolution of engagement and trade between Australia and Latin America. These regions are seen as competitors, but trade and engagement has recently increased. We examined this growth from the 1970s, by analysing trade, foreign direct investment, and migration and tourism flows. This article investigates how both parts of the world have engaged and dealt with international conflicts, either in terms of diplomatic or multilateral cooperation. The paper concludes that there are many possible channels for cooperation and further trade and engagement open to both.

This paper discusses the importance of government and economic institutions in dealing with economic shocks such as the COVID-19. In attempting to deal with this massive health, social and economic upheaval, governments around the world have been using a variety of social and economic policies. These policies have two aims. First, to reduce the spread of the virus and second to mitigate the economy wide damage that the spread of the virus is causing. The paper describes the initial economic impact of the virus worldwide and on the Australian economy. It also argues that unless a rapid response is made, the likelihood of a world depression is high. The analysis focuses on the importance of government institutions in respond-ing to major economic shocks. It showcases the work of the Treasury of Australia as a model of best practice for the development of economic policies designed to respond to extreme events. The paper concludes by providing a set of economy wide policy responses to tackle the current economic shocks.

This paper reports on a comparative study between the structures, regulation and challenges of small and medium size businesses (SMEs) in Australia and two Latin American jurisdictions – Chile and Cuba - with the object of exploring ways in which SME-propitious ecosystem can be configured in an unprecedented crisis situation. It examines the legislation, bodies and regulation in place which deal with SME issues, including consumer protection, and the differing contextual considerations, taking cognizance of the challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the paper explores ways in which SMEs can be assisted and advised of their legal rights, including the provision of clinical and advisory support at a university level, and considers the steps taken by governments in mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. To compare practices and learn from them the research utilizes three case studies and contrasts the issues faced in an emerging economy such as Cuba with more established frameworks such as Chile and Australia, both OECD countries.

Ralph Balson (1890–1964) was an English plumber and house painter who emigrated to Australia in 1913 and subsequently became a key member of Sydney’s artistic avant-garde. He is credited with having the first solo exhibition of purely abstract painting in Australia in 1941. Despite his role in developing Australian non-objective painting, Balson remained principally a house painter, working on his art practice at weekends. In 1955 he retired on a state pension and became a full-time artist.Balson’s artistic education and methods were critically shaped by his working-class background. He did not travel abroad until 1960 and was an avid auto-didact. His materials, palette, techniques and compositional strategies were likewise informed by his trade. Balson’s profession as a painter-decorator made him conspicuous within the predominantly middle-class Sydney art scene, though his painting partner Grace Crowley considered it an advantage in their pursuit of constructive painting. This paper explores the impact of Balson’s trade on his trajectory towards pure abstraction. While his art was at odds with the predominantly figurative mode of class-conscious art in Australian Modernism, we argue that it is embedded in the experience of class through its creative adaptation of labour into aesthetics.

Globally, tertiary education has been greatly affected by the Covid-19 crisis. In this essay we explore the impact of the pandemic on this educational sector in an Australian setting; specifically, we discuss how the Research School of Population Health at the Australian National University adjusted and adapted to the changing circumstances arising from the pandemic. In this respect, two adjustments (both described in detail in the text) in the way mental health education was delivered at the School were proposed to mitigate the impact of Covid-19 and enhance the university’s capacity to provide quality public health education to students. Thus, this essay shows that it is possible to design educational interventions that surmount the challenges posed by the pandemic. In addition, educators may use the examples cited in this paper to guide them to respond appropriately to the challenges that have arisen in terms of health education due to Covid-19.

Disasters (and the dynamics that proceed and follow them) are inherently disruptive of customary routines and taken for granted ordinariness. Many fear that in the context of climate change disasters will become “the new norm”. How we prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters provide a rich terrain for exploring “normality” and interrogating normalising processes. In this article we draw on insights from empirical research on policy efforts in disaster preparedness in New South Wales, Australia. This research suggests that understandings of “the norm” is a site of contestation. This discursive debate is most evident in policy and practice prescriptions for “shared responsibility”. International and national policy is shifting responsibility for disaster preparedness away from institutions of the State to the individual within the local community. In practice, we see this shift simultaneously resisted and embraced with “norms” in disasters reshaped in multiple sites and in multiple directions. The paper concludes that engagement in complex debates offers the possibility to disrupt traditional pattens and normalise community-led, empowered, responses to disasters. Los desastres (y las dinámicas que los siguen) son intrínsecamente disruptivos de las rutinas habituales y se da por hecho su carácter ordinario. Se teme que, en el contexto del cambio climático, los desastres se conviertan en “la nueva norma”. La forma en que nos preparamos, respondemos y nos recuperamos de los desastres proporciona un rico terreno para explorar la “normalidad” y preguntarnos por los procesos de normalización. En este artículo nos basamos en las ideas resultantes de una investigación empírica sobre los esfuerzos políticos para la preparación para desastres en Nueva Gales del Sur, Australia. Se sugiere que la comprensión de “la norma” es un lugar de contestación. Ese debate discursivo es evidente, sobre todo, en las prescripciones de políticas y prácticas para la “responsabilidad compartida”. La política internacional y nacional están transfiriendo la responsabilidad de la preparación para desastres de las instituciones del Estado al individuo de la sociedad local. En la práctica, vemos este cambio simultáneamente resistido y adoptado con “normas” en desastres remodelados en múltiples sitios y en múltiples direcciones. El artículo concluye que la participación en debates complejos ofrece la posibilidad de interrumpir los patrones tradicionales y normalizar las respuestas a los desastres, lideradas por una sociedad empoderada. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1258

This paper aims to demonstrate the efficacy of a five-level homelessness prevention typology, encompassing universal, targeted, crisis, emergency, and recovery categories. We argue that this typology can be deployed to illuminate key comparisons in homelessness prevention policy and practice between different jurisdictions and over time. Meanwhile, it avoids the confusions and overlaps that occur in extant categorisations. Using the UK jurisdictions as an empirical testbed for this analytical framework, four key lessons emerge which we contend have resonance across much of the global north. First, though there is growing evidence of the importance of both universal prevention measures (particularly the delivery of affordable housing and poverty reduction), and targeted preventative interventions (focused on high risk groups and transitions), practical action on both fronts has been deeply deficient to date. Second, and more encouragingly, there is a nascent shift in homelessness practice from an overwhelming focus on basic, emergency interventions, towards more upstream attempts to avert the kind of crisis situations that can lead to homelessness arising in the first place. Third, and also welcome, is a trend within recovery interventions from treatment-led to more housing-led models, albeit that this shift has been frustratingly slow to materialise in many countries. Fourth, across all of these categories of homelessness prevention, there remain substantial evidence gaps, especially outside of the US.

The island of Ataúro, situated north of the capital of Timor-Leste, functioned as a prison island during the Portuguese colonial regime, more intensively from the 1920s onwards. During the Indonesian colonial period (1975-1999), the occupiers used the island to confine families of resistance members in open concentration camps, where hundreds of people died of hunger and malnutrition. In this paper, departing from an analysis of the memories and archival material on the former prisoners in Ataúro during the Indonesian occupation, I argue for the importance of telling and memorialising the histories of the island and people imprisoned there. Furthermore, I discuss memory and the colonial legacies, as some islands in the Pacific region remain territories deemed as repositories and detention sites for people fleeing from far away places marked by conflicts created by dictatorial and colonial regimes.

This study proposes the re-orienting of the radical transnational politics exchanged in the first anti-fascist and anarchist newspaper Il Risveglio, produced in 1927 in Australia. It combines a critical analysis of its transnational and translocal political imaginaries with an examination of the linkages of its “trans” of gender, race, class and imperial relations to unsettle its responses to the historical, Italian based southern discontent. It argues that its focus on the social question and the predominance of northern-based responses to women’s equality and the racialisation of migrants effaces and negates the lives of diaspora from the southern regions. This negation also intersects with its support for the formation of a white working class and negation of Indigenous sovereign ontologies and epistemologies in the settler colony of Australia. This paper demonstrates that the effacement of the southern discontent is re-configured across varied and relational systems of radical diasporic knowledge.

This article reviews health practitioner regulation in Australia. It starts with a review of the constitutional powers to regulate healthcare in the Australian Federal system and the system of rights to access health that have been created. The article then examines the current National Law, which was an attempt to create a uniform regulatory system for healthcare practitioners in Australia. The paper examines the working of that system and current data on its operation and concludes with looking to future challenges for the system.

Post September 11 migration has increasingly been framed as a security problem. In the 2010 Australian election campaign migration was connected to security (defense of our borders, terrorism and social cohesion) and to related issues of insecurity about the future (population size,sustainability and economic growth). Thisframing of migration as a national security issue overlooks the reality that Australian immigration is part of the global flow of population. Migration is an international issue experienced by states as a national question of border control and sovereignty seeking to manage the consequences of global inequality and mobility. This paper analyses the 'security turn' in migration debates in Australia and the North and the way the securitization of migration signifies the transformation of security from the problem of producing national order to the problem of managing global disorder resulting in the merging of national and international security strategies.

The introduction of compulsory income management – sometimes called welfare quarantining – for sub-groups of income security recipients within Australia has provoked considerable contention. This paper examines the specific introduction of the Place-Based trial in the rural Victorian region of Greater Shepparton from July 2012. Utilizing key community development principles, we critically analyse processes of implementation and evaluation, and argue that placebased income management has involved a centralized top-down process. In contrast, we recommend a bottom-up approach which would allow the local community to play a key role in defining the problem, and identifying policy solutions.

World mango production is spread over 100 countries that produce over 34.3 million tons of fruit annually. Eighty percent of this production is based in the top nine producing nations that also consume upward of 90% of their production domestically. One to 2 percent of fruit is traded internationally in to markets in the European Community, USA, Arabian Peninsula and Asia. This paper outlines some of the recent research and development advances in mango breeding and genomics, rootstock development, disease management and harvest technologies that are influencing the production and quality of mango fruit traded domestically and internationally.

Article in German, Abstracts in English and GermanAs a student, Leichhardt met Humboldt, but this encounter was a failure. Yet, the young man who travelled Australia saw himself as a successor to the eminent explorer of Latin America. Despite the differences between the two geographers, Leichhardt’s geographical achievements made him the “Humboldt of Australia”. The paper describes how Humboldt interceded in favour of his fellow countryman from the Mark both as a person and as a geographer who was last heard of in 1848 when he explored the interior of Australia.