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En este trabajo se presenta un marco de trabajo para caracterizar el bocetado de interacciones enactivas. Se pasa revista a los conceptos básicos de interfaces enactivas y al rol del bocetado para el diseño de interacciones. Luego se propone un marco de trabajo que organiza el bocetado en un mapa en dos dimensiones. En una se expresa la interactividad que corporizan las diferentes representaciones utilizadas por los diseñadores (bocetos 2D, maquetas y bocetos en hardware). La otra, organiza el rango de expresividad que esas representaciones alcanzan en términos de la experiencia de usuario. Las diferentes categorías de bocetos se vinculan en el marco propuesto mediante los atributos de la interactividad que busca el diseñador. Se presentan dos casos de estudio exploratorios sobre el uso de bocetos para la generación de ideas de interacciones enactivas. Finalmente, se esbozan los requerimientos que surgen para el desarrollo de herramientas que soporten el bocetado de interacciones enactivas., In this paper a conceptual framework for addressing the sketching of enactive interactions is presented. The concepts of enactive interfaces and the role of sketching for designing interactions are reviewed. A conceptual framework for sketching organized as a two-dimensional map is described. One of those dimensions expresses the interactivity that embodied by the different representations used by designers (2D sketches usually made freehand on paper, models or mockups and sketches in hardware -(electronically enhanced mockups adding interactive capabilities). The other one organizes the user experience expressiveness achieved by the different sketches. The sketches categories are linked through the attributes of interactivity sought by the designer. Two case studies show some exploration in the use of sketching during the idea generation for enactive interfaces. Finally, the paper outlines some requirements for tools that support the sketching of enactive interaction., Laboratorio de Investigación y Formación en Informática Avanzada

The paper aims at providing a formal system, motivated by Dijkstra’s weakest precondition logic, for specifying mobile network. The paper shows how mobility can be specified using a state and transition based approach, which allows mobile hosts to be treated as nodes in a traditional statically structured distributed system. Another goal is to reason formally about the possible behaviors of a system consisting of mobile components. The handover procedure serves as an illustration for the notation. The contribution of the paper is the development of a style of modeling and reasoning about the temporal properties that allows for a straightforward and thorough analysis of mobile systems.Keywords: weakest precondition, mobile computing, specification, verification, safety, handover.

En la actualidad, la usabilidad se ha convertido en un elemento fundamental para garantizar la calidad de los software. Una de las maneras para evaluar la usabilidad es por medio de los llamados test de usuario, los cuales se desarrollan en un laboratorio de usabilidad. Estas evaluaciones pretenden obtener indicadores de los tres principales atributos de usabilidad definidos en la norma ISO 9241-11: eficiencia, efectividad y satisfacción, considerando que la eficiencia y la eficacia están definidas por métricas que permiten evaluar estos atributos. En el caso de la satisfacción, es generalmente utilizada la percepción del coordinador de la prueba con respecto al comportamiento del usuario (gestos, posturas, expresiones faciales). En este artículo, se propone un método automatizado para monitorear el comportamiento emocional de un usuario durante una prueba de usabilidad en que la expresión facial del usuario es una variable de seguimiento. La herramienta propuesta fue desarrollada usando la librería OpenCV. Nowadays usability has become a fundamental element to guarantee the quality of software. One of the ways to evaluate usability is through the so-called user tests, which are developed in a usability laboratory. These tests aim to obtain indicators of the three main attributes of usability defined in ISO 9241-11: efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction. With regard to efficiency and effectiveness, metrics are defined to evaluate these attributes, however, in the case of the satisfaction attribute, the perception of the test coordinator with respect to the user's behavior (gestures, postures, facial expressions) is usually used. In this paper, it is proposed an automated tool for monitoring the user's emotional behavior during a usability test, considering the user's facial expression as a monitoring variable. The proposed tool was developed using the OpenCV library.

El presente artículo desea contribuir al desarrollo científico, tecnológico e innovación en la gestión de la privacidad del usuario en ambientes sensibles al contexto. En este documento se describen las políticas, los principios, los mecanismos y las técnicas de privacidad recomendadas por las autoridades mundiales en estandarización y telecomunicaciones - ISO, ITU, W3C y GSMA - , las ventajas de su implementación, desde la encriptación asimétrica, el software de gestión de datos, y las plataformas de acceso unificado, en sectores de productividad, incluyendo la educación. Se hace mención de los programas exitosos de ciudades y smart campus en los órdenes nacional y mundial, teniendo en cuenta la adopción del programa BYOD y sus aplicaciones. Basados en lo anterior, se propuso un esquema donde se muestran los estándares para establecer técnicas y mecanismos de seguridad en ambientes sensibles al contexto, que permitan aumentar el nivel de privacidad del usuario. Para documentar la aplicación de la propuesta, se implementó una red piloto con NAC PacketFence, de tipo Open Source, que permitió valorar el modelo propuesto para un entorno urbano real; se realizaron pruebas en PCs y dispositivos móviles. Se obtuvieron resultados favorables en su ejecución, destacándose la autenticación de usuarios, la implementación de VLAN por grupo y la viabilidad del programa BYOD en el Smart Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. The following paper aims to contribute to the scientific, technological and innovative growth in user’s privacy management in context-aware systems. Studied in various disciplines, in this document a description is made of all policies, principles, mechanisms and privacy techniques recommended by world standardization and telecommunications authorities, such as ISO, ITU, W3C and GSMA, taking into account the advantages of their implementation thanks to the exploitation of the technologies developed, like asymmetric encryption, data management software, unified access platforms, in diverse sectors of productivity, including education. Also, successful programs in smart cities and smart campus are mentioned below, national and international experiences; the adoption of the BYOD and its applications were also taken into account. Based on these, a standards scheme was proposed to establish the security techniques and mechanisms in context-aware systems that allow the increase of the level of privacy for user’s information. To supply documentary evidence of the application proposed, a pilot network was implemented using PacketFenceNAC, Open Source Type, which allowed the assessment of the standards proposed for a real urban environment; tests were executed on PCs and mobile devices. Positive results were obtained during the tests execution, being user’s authentication, VLANs group implementation and viability of BYOD program in the Smart Campus of the Autonomous University of Bucaramanga, UNAB.

Este artículo presenta ideas básicas sobre la aplicación del marco de gráficos P para modelar rutas de evacuación de edificios y calcular la óptima. Para hacerlo, P-graph se basa en técnicas combinatorias y gráficas para facilitar dicho trabajo This paper presents basic ideas on the application of the P-graph framework for modeling building evacuation routes and computing the optimal one. To do so, P-graph relies on both combinatorial and graph techniques for facilitating such a work.

Tycho was conceived in 2003 in response to a need by the GridRM [1], a resourcemonitoring project for a “light-weight”, scalable and easy to use wide-area distributed registry and messaging system. Since Tycho's first release in 2006 a number of modifications have been made to the system to make it easier to use and more flexible. Since its inception, Tycho has been utilised across a number of application domains including wide-area resource monitoring, distributed queries across archival databases, providing services for the nodes of a Cray supercomputer, and as a system for transferring multi-terabyte scientific datasets across the Internet. This paper provides an overview of the initial Tycho system describes a number of applications that utilise Tycho, discusses a number of new utilities, and how the Tycho infrastructure has evolved in response to experience of building applications with it.

During the last times hardware progress has reached home computers with technologies that were only used in main frames. Clear examples of this statement are multiple core personal computers. As this new hardware becomes popular it is neccessary to change the way of designing applications in order to be able to use it. UML is a wide general-purpouse modeling language that counts with a graphic vocabulary.In some cases, when a particular application is going to be modeled, the UML’s graphic vocabulary, results too abstract. That’s why a specialization of the language is neccessary by means of the adding of new artifacts that allows modeling the special characteristics of the particular domain. This paper shows a profile that specializes UML to facilitate the parellized applications modeling, considering their own characteristics.

Para aprovechar al máximo los recursos que ofrecen los repositorios de contenidos, es fundamental combinar el uso de estos recursos con algunas estrategias o metodologías de enseñanza/aprendizaje, como el trabajo basado en proyectos. Esta metodología se basa en el análisis de problemas o situaciones que se encuentran en el entorno de los estudiantes, y utilizando toda la información y habilidades disponibles, es posible desarrollar actividades que sean motivadoras tanto para los docentes como para los estudiantes y que ayuden a fortalecer la enseñanza y proceso de aprendizaje. Este artículo presenta la integración de una herramienta para desarrollar actividades de trabajo basadas en proyectos con las herramientas de software necesarias para apoyar la creación, gestión y distribución de objetos de contenido, dentro de un entorno de aprendizaje virtual. En primer lugar, se presenta una introducción a la metodología de trabajo por proyectos junto con sus etapas, y luego se explican algunos detalles del diseño e implementación de la herramienta de trabajo por proyectos. En segundo lugar, se presenta la arquitectura para la creación, gestión y distribución de objetos de contenido, y también se describen algunos detalles de implementación. Finalmente, se presenta una estrategia para integrar herramientas de trabajo basadas en proyectos y herramientas de gestión de contenidos. In order to take full advantage of the resources offered by content repositories, it is essential to combine the use of these resources with some teaching/learning strategies or methodologies, such as project based work. This methodology is based on the analysis of problems or situations that are found on the students’ environment, and by using all the information and skills available, it is possible to develop activities that are motivating for both teachers and students and that may help to strengthen the teaching and learning process. This paper presents the integration of a tool for developing project based work activities with the required software tools to support content object creation, management and distribution, inside a Virtual Learning Environment. Firstly, an introduction to the project based work methodology along with its stages is presented, and then some details of the design and implementation of the project based work tool are explained. Secondly, the architecture for content object creation, management and distribution is presented, and also some implementation details are described. Finally, a strategy for integrating project based work tools and content management tools are presented.

This paper describes a content object and metadata repositories model, which provides an alternative to search and to access repositories developed in Colombia and Latin America. Along with the repositories model, an initial design of a decision support system for repositories is presented. In order to preserve the autonomy of each repository, a common web services interface is considered.

Este documento describe un modelo optimizado para soportar QoS mediante la minimización de la congestión en LSP (Label Switching Path). Para realizar este modelo partimos de un modelo CFA (Capacity and Flow Allocation). Como este modelo no considera el tamaño del búfer para calcular el costo de la capacidad, nuestro modelo, denominado BCA (asignación de capacidad del búfer), tiene en cuenta este problema y mejora el rendimiento del CFA. Para probar nuestra propuesta, realizamos varias simulaciones; Los resultados muestran que el modelo BCA minimiza la congestión del LSP y distribuye uniformemente los flujos en la red. This paper describes an optimized model to support QoS by mean of Congestion minimization on LSPs (Label Switching Path). In order to perform this model, we start from a CFA (Capacity and Flow Allocation) model. As this model does not consider the buffer size to calculate the capacity cost, our model- named BCA (Buffer Capacity Allocation)- take into account this issue and it improve the CFA performance. To test our proposal, we perform several simulations; results show that BCA model minimizes LSP congestion and uniformly distributes flows on the network.

The Pellucid project developed an adaptable and customisable platform for enabling experience management in public organisations. A framework for experience management has been developed based on the generation of ‘active hints’ that are presented to the user according to working context. Working context encompasses both position in the work process and domain-specific characteristics. The paper presents this framework and describes the engineering process that was undertaken following the CommonKADS methodology.Keywords: Knowledge Management, Experience Management, E-Government, Workflow Management Systems, CommonKADS.

A data integration system provides a uniform interface to distributed and heterogeneous sources. These sources can be databases as well as unstructured information such as files, HTML pages, etc. One of the most important problems within data integration is the semantic heterogeneity, which analyzes the meaning of terms included in the different information sources. This survey describes seven systems and three proposals for ontology -based data integration. An important feature is that all of them use, in some way, ontologies as the way to solve problems about semantic heterogeneity. In this paper, we show similarities and differences among the systems by providing a framework for comparison and classification.Keywords: Data Integration, Ontology, Semantic Heterogeneity.

En este artículo, se selecciona un modelo lineal de orden reducido para describir el servoactuador hidráulico con grandes incertidumbres ambientales. La explotación en simulación del modelo lineal perturbado de 5º orden es suficiente para la primera aproximación, es decir, antes de la experimentación para valorar el potencial de control de la ley estudiada. Debido a su carácter robusto y desempeño superior en incertidumbres ambientales, un controlador de modo deslizante, basado en el llamado control equivalente y componentes de control robusto, está diseñado para el control de la fuerza de salida para seguir asintóticamente la trayectoria deseada sin problemas de vibración. Una comparación con el controlador H-infinity muestra que el controlador de modo deslizante propuesto tiene un rendimiento sólido. In this paper, a reduced order linear model is selected to describe the hydraulic servo-actuator with largeenvironmental uncertainties. The exploitation in simulation of the perturbed 5th order linear model isenough for the first approach, that is to say, before experimentation to value the studied law controlpotential. Because its robust character and superior performance in environmental uncertainties, asliding mode controller, based on the so called equivalent control and robust control components isdesigned for control of the output force to track asymptotically the desired trajectory with no chatteringproblems. A comparison with H-infinity controller shows that the proposed sliding mode controller isrobustly performant.

Este documento aborda el problema de reducir la sobrecarga de supervisión del tiempo de ejecución para programas en los que se requiere una supervisión detallada de los eventos. Para ello complementamos modelar técnicas de verificación con métodos de razonamiento simbólico y mostrar que, bajo ciertas circunstancias, los fragmentos de código no afectan la validez de las propiedades subyacentes. Consideramos las propiedades de seguridad dadas como expresiones regulares sobre eventos generados por el programa. Además, mostramos cómo nuestro marco puede extenderse para considerar programas con ciclos. Probamos nuestra presentación con la ayuda del modelo Java PathFinder corrector [13]. This paper addresses the problem of reducing the runtime monitoring overhead for programs where fine-grained monitoring of events is required. To this end we complement model checking techniques with symbolic reasoning methods and show that, under certain circumstances, code fragments do not affect the validity of underlying properties. We consider safety properties given as regular expressions on events generated by the program. Further, we show how our framework can be extended to consider programs with cycles. We sample our presentation with the aid of the Java PathFinder model checker [13].

En los últimos años se han propuesto nuevas formas de descomponer sistemas. Primero, El desarrollo orientado a componentes ha sido ampliamente reconocido como un paradigma para desarrollar sistemas usando piezas llamadas componentes. Pero más recientemente, una nueva filosofía ha surgido la conocida como separación avanzada de preocupaciones o programación orientada a aspectos. Este paradigma tiene como uno de sus objetivos principales la mejora de la descomposición de los sistemas. Aunque a primera vista parezca que ambos enfoques chocan, no son incompatibles. Por tanto, el objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar las diferentes propuestas para tender puentes la brecha entre componentes y aspectos. Después de examinarlos, se puede notar que la mayoría de ellos todavía están en el nivel de implementación, y hay mucho trabajo en curso sobre fases anteriores. Finalmente, cabe destacar que también hay una gran necesidad de métricas para medir y comparar resultados de forma objetiva. In the last few years, new ways of decomposing systems have been proposed. First, component-oriented development has been widely recognized as a paradigm for developing systems using pieces called components. But more recently, a new philosophy known as advanced separation of concerns or aspect-oriented programming has arisen. This paradigm has as one of its main aims the improvement of systems’ decomposition. Although at first sight it seems that both approaches clash, they are not incompatible. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to analise the different proposals to bridge the gap between components and aspects. After surveying them, it can be noticed that most of them still are at the implementation level, and there is a lot of ongoing work on earlier phases. Finally, it should be stressed that there is also a great need for metrics in order to measure and compare results in an objective way

In this paper, we discuss the most important aspects of METALA, a software tool for meta-learning that we have developed to perform inductive learning in a distributed and component based fashion. The distribution comes from the use of a well posed distributed application development standard as is J2EE, and the component basis comes from the methodology we developed to integrate new learning algorithms and other software utilities into the system.Keywords: Software architecture, web usage mining, inductive learning, knowledge models, J2EE, XML.

In this paper we consider the process of defining natural functions by the operation of in nite limitF(x) = limy!1;y2A f(x; y) (also limes inferior and limes superior are taken into account). But two restrictions are assumed: the given natural function f has a graph belonging to some stage of an arithmetical hierarchy, the index of a limit runs only through a given arithmetical subset A of natural numbers. We investigate the arithmetical class of the graph of the function F, where the respective classes of the graph of f and the set A are known. The corollary for the Turing degrees of F is formulated.Keywords: Theory of computation, Innite limits.

The need for establishing bandwidth guaranteed paths in IP networks and the requirement for making optimal use of the available resources becomes more and more crucial due to the significant development of data-intensive multimedia applications. In this paper, we discuss the techniques and the mechanisms for exercising traffic engineering in contemporary IP networks under the prism of exploiting historical monitoring information collected from the operational environment.Keywords: Traffic engineering, history monitoring information, traffic matrix, QoS.

We describe, in this paper, a component-based software engineering method for helping development teams to plan, organize, control, and develop web applications. The method is described in terms of three methodological elements: a product model that captures the architectural characteristics of web applications, a team model that describes the different roles to be played by the members of a team during the development of web applications, and a process model that integrates the managerial and technical activities that are required to develop componentized web applications of high quality.Keywords: Component-Based Software Engineering, Web Engineering, Web Information Systems

Standard TCP misinterpret mobility loss in Ad hoc network as congestion loss, thus, it reduce the TCP performance by invoking unnecessary congestion control action. In this paper, we propose two approaches, simELFN (an variation of TCP-ELFN) and TCP-FSR (an variation of TCP-F). They can distinguish the essence of packet loss and avoid multiple consecutive dupACKs. Analyses and simulations show that they can achieve better TCP performance in Ad hoc network. Keywords: Ad hoc Networks; simELFN; TCP-FSR; TCP performance.

Se presenta una propuesta hacia la extensión de modelos conceptuales de sistemas de información, en para permitir la especificación y simulación del comportamiento de los agentes con un grado adecuado de realismo. Nuestro método se basa principalmente en reglas para inferir los objetivos de los agentes a partir de situaciones que tienen en estados dados. En este artículo, argumentamos que las reglas deberían tener en cuenta tanto las funciones cognitivas como las características afectivas, como se puede transmitir, para los distintos agentes, por sus perfiles individuales y estados internos actuales. Tales características también deberían influir en la elección de estrategias para manejar las interferencias de objetivos en entornos de múltiples objetivos/multiagente. A proposal is presented towards the extension of conceptual models of information systems, in order to allow specification and simulation of the behaviour of agents with an adequate degree of realism. Our method is mainly based on rules to infer the goals of agents from situations holding at given states. In this paper, we argue that the rules should take into account both cognitive and affective characteristics, as can be conveyed, for the various agents, by their individual profiles and current internal states. Such characteristics should also influence the choice of strategies to handle goal interferences in multi-goal/multi-agent environments.

Muchos modelos de aplicaciones de comercio electrónico utilizan enfoques informales y la intuición humana. aunque su modelo de datos subyacente es sólido. En consecuencia, la mayoría de los diseños contienen inconsistencias y algunos puntos frágiles ocultos que no se manifiestan hasta el se utilizan aplicaciones. Además, los enfoques de diseño informal dejan la determinación de la corrección de los diseños de sistemas a la intuición de los diseñadores. diseño informal Los enfoques no brindan el grado de corrección y confiabilidad requerido para las transacciones de comercio electrónico. Este documento formaliza los requisitos para las transacciones electrónicas utilizando Z. El especi - cación describe las restricciones relacionadas con la singularidad de los clientes, cuentas, productos, y tiendas, a la disponibilidad de productos, a la validez de los clientes y al mantenimiento de fondos suficientes. La especificación formal ha sido verificada mecánicamente utilizando Z/EVES y, por lo tanto, está bien formado en términos de sintaxis y tipos. Many models of e-commerce applications use informal approaches and human intuition although their underlying data model is sound. Consequently, most of the designs contain inconsistencies and some hidden brittle spots that do not manifest until the applications are used. In addition, informal design approaches leave the determination of the correctness of system designs to the intuition of the designers. Informal design approaches do not provide the degree of correctness and reliability required for e- commerce transactions. This paper formalizes requirements for electronic transactions using Z. The speci - cation describes constraints relating to the uniqueness of customers, accounts, products, and stores, to the availability of products, to the validity of customers, and to maintaining su cient funds. The formal speci cation has been mechanically checked using Z/EVES and is therefore well-formed in terms of syntax and types.

En el momento actual los Controladores con Lógica Fuzzy transitan por una etapa del desarrollo acelerado en su fundamentación teórica y sus aplicaciones prácticas. La estructura algorítmica de los mismos, que puede llamarse tradicional, contiene entre sus particularidades el hecho de que la función de membresía de los subconjuntos difusos de entradas y salidas es del tipo “aproximadamente igual a”, lo cual implica que dicha función sea simétrica en cada valor lingüístico con el máximo en el centro del intervalo correspondiente. Las ventajas de tal definición consisten en la aplicación simplificada del procedimiento de la defuzzyficación según el Método del Centro de Gravedad y en la posibilidad del ajuste fino de la salida de mando aprovechan-do los bordes difusos y solapados de valores lingüísticos. En este trabajo proponemos una forma nueva de diseño de las funciones de membresía sobre la base del concepto fuzzy “mayor o igual a”, que puede ofrecer las mismas ventajas en cuanto al ajuste del valor necesario de la salida de mando del controlador, siendo significativamente menor la complejidad del algoritmo y por ende mayor rapidez del funcionamiento en tiempo real. At these moment the Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) go through a stage of the quickdevelopment in their theoretical fundamentals and its practical applications. Thealgorithmic structure of the FLC, that we could call traditional, contains, betweentheir particularities, the fact that the function of membership of the inputs and outputsof the fuzzy subsets, are of the type “approximately equal to,” which it implicate thatthis function is symmetrical in each linguistic value with the maximum in the centerof the corresponding interval. The advantages of such definition consist in the simplifiedapplication of the procedure of defuzzyfication according to the Method of the Centerof Gravity and in the possibility of the fine adjustment of it control output, takingadvantage of the fuzzy and overlapped borders of linguistic values.In this paper we propose a new form of design the functions of membership on the baseof the fuzzy concepts “greater or equal to,” that could offer the same advantages as forthe adjustment of the necessary value of the control output of the controller, beingsignificantly minor the complexity of the algorithmic and by this way, fast performance in real time