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This paper compares two prepositional constructions: movement verb + por and movement verb + a + por in a large corpus from the 19th century in Spain. The aim of the paper is to analyze the nouns, verbs and contexts which motivated the generalization of the prepositional chain a por in Peninsular Spanish. The hypothesis is that a por will appear firstly in those contexts which need to profile the achievement of the goal because these contexts are akin to the basic meaning of the preposition a. The quantitative evidence is supported by z statistic proof.

This paper intends to show the potential interest for linguistic, cultural and socio-historical research of a detailed analysis of the structure and typography of the GC. The aim of this paper is to show the advantages of a system of reference first proposed in v. LXXXIX/2, 2009, of the RFE. Through close examination of its typography, the main characteristics of the text as a didactic treatise soon appear; it also becomes possible to observe certain features of Renaissance prose as it moves towards modern standards (chapter, paragraph, utterances, syntax).

This paper reaffirms the author’s thesis (2004) regarding the Navarrese linguistic filiation of the VM with new evidence and precisions. This paper is focused on the contrived and sarcastic objections raised by Frago (2007). Frago maintains his early position (1987), even though he admits that he was not aware of some important data at that time. His presumed refutation falls into contradictions and mistakes. Moreover, this paper exposes the falseness of the assertion he made about his inability to examine, in his initial paper, the facsimile manuscript of the work analysed.

This paper aims at studying the lexical variation in the region of Castilla-La Mancha through the analysis tools provided by the research field of lexical availability. It takes as a starting point the classical studies about the linguistic areas in this region (ALeCMan) and combines them with the conclusions arising from Available Lexicon of Castilla-La Mancha. This is developed by comparing the distribution of the terms registered in the aforementioned papers and by analyzing the dialectal material of the available lexicon. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la variación léxica dentro de la comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha a través de las herramientas de análisis que proporciona la línea de investigación de la disponibilidad léxica. Parte de los estudios clásicos sobre las zonas lingüísticas de la comunidad (ALeCMan) y proyecta sobre ellos los resultados del Léxico Disponible de Castilla-La Mancha a través de la comparativa de la distribución de los términos documentados en ambos trabajos y del análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo del material dialectal recogido en el vocabulario disponible.

The paper analyzes the syntactic and semantic properties of subjectification processes, and posses the theoretical problem whether subjectification is a grammaticalization, defined in the traditional way as a change from lexicon to grammar, or is a degrammaticalization. The paper makes explicit that there exists quite a transparent inverse correlation between the quantity of syntax a form needs and the subjective meaning that form conveys: more syntax = objectivity, or less subjectivity, and, on the contrary, less, or even zero syntax = subjectivity; structural weight is inversely proportional to pragmatic subjective weight. The paper examines the verbs that evolved into discourse markers in the history of Spanish, and focuses on their syntactic and semantic features: weakening of referencial meaning, loss of the agent's control, fronting and broadening of the predication scope, atelicity, high frequency, etc. The mechanism allowing the path full verb > discourse marker is always a reanalys. The paper also shows that frequency of use is a fundamental symptom of change in progress., El trabajo analiza las propiedades sintácticas y semánticas que caracterizan los procesos de gramaticalización por subjetivización, y plantea el problema teórico de si la subjetivización es una gramaticalización, entendida de la manera tradicional, o es una desgramaticalización, o de qué manera participa de uno u otro tipo de cambio. Se muestra que el empobrecimiento sintáctico y en general la pérdida de relacionalidad sintáctica es una propiedad inherente de las expresiones subjetivas. La evidencia empírica base del planteamiento teórico son los verbos que, vía reanálisis, se descategorizaron como verbos plenos y se recategorizaron como marcadores discursivos en la historia del español; el análisis llama la atención sobre la enorme flexibilidad que tiene el español para este tipo de recategorizaciones. Se analizan las características sintácticas y semánticas comunes a los verbos que dan lugar a marcadores, así como las frecuencias relativas de uso y los contextos sintácticos que permitieron ese deslizamiento diacrónico, desde un empleo objetivo' referencial hacia un uso fuertemente valorativo subjetivo y/o intersubjetivo.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the linguistic factors constraining the use of personal clitics lo(s), la(s), le(s) in XVth Century Middle-Age Castilian, as revealed in the Relación de los Hechos de Don Miguel Lucas de Iranzo (1458). A multivariate analysis of data from this text shows that internal (morphological, syntactic, lexical and textual) factors interact and allows us to imagine the simplest and original context where leísmo could start. A nearly categorical tendency to employ le for male referents as direct objects is developed with human antecedents and where Latin used dative case or alternated between dative and accusative case. If Latin used accusative case, occurrence of le (leísmo) depends on a set of linguistic constraints whose effect is systematic and predictable, as shows a logistic regression analysis carried out in this paper. Use of le (leísmo) for human antecedents is constrained by the following internal factors: etymology, the number and the clitic's position within the sentence, type of syntactic structure and the verb's tense., El objetivo del presente trabajo es el análisis de los condicionamientos lingüísticos en el uso de los clíticos personales lo(s), la(s), le(s) en el castellano medieval del siglo XV, tal y como se presenta en la Relación de los Hechos de Don Miguel Lucas de Iranzo (1458). El análisis multivariable de los datos extraídos de dicho texto demuestra que los factores internos (morfológicos, sintácticos, léxicos y textuales) interaccionan y permiten vislumbrar el contexto original más simple en el que el leísmo pudo iniciarse. La tendencia a marcar con le el género masculino en función de objeto directo es prácticamente categórica con antecedente de persona y cuando el étimo latino se construía en dativo o vacilaba entre este caso y el acusativo. Cuando el caso etimológico era el acusativo, el uso de le está constreñido por un conjunto de condicionamientos lingüísticos cuyo funcionamiento, como demuestra el análisis de regresión logística desarrollado en este trabajo, es regular, constante y predecible: el leísmo de persona depende de la etimología, el número, la posición del clítico en la oración, del tipo de construcción y del tiempo del verbo.

This paper presents a study of the theory of grammar developed by Chalumeau de Verneuil who was an honorary member of the Spanish Royal Academy. In 1821, Chalumeau de Verneuil published the French translation of the fourth edition of the Grammar of the Spanish Royal Academy (GRAE [1796]). This edition includes corrections and notes and an additional volume of Remarques détachées, in an attempt to align the academic text with general grammar and the work that was being done at the time in the most advanced nations in Europe, especially France. The work, which had an enormous impact abroad, was taken into account by the Academy during the creation of the new edition of the GRAE (1854)., En este artículo se estudia la teoría gramatical de Chalumeau de Verneuil, académico honorario de la Real Academia Española que en 1821 publica la traducción al francés de la cuarta edición de la GRAE (1796) con enmiendas y anotaciones, y añade en tomo aparte unas Remarques détachées, concebidas dentro del marco de la gramática general, con las que trata de poner el texto académico en sintonía con la gramática que se estaba haciendo por aquellos años en las naciones más adelantadas de Europa, especialmente en Francia. La obra, que produjo un gran impacto en el extranjero, fue tenida en cuenta por los miembros de la corporación en el proceso de reforma de la nueva edición de la GRAE (1854).

In this paper we present an analysis of the phraseology with proper names (PN), wich can be found in the Diccionario de americanismos (DA). First, we offer a short description of the dictionary and of the lexicalization phenomenon as prerequisite for the inclusion of proper names in the dictionary and characteristic feature of the phraseologic units (PU). Second, we specify the methodologic rules for the extraction and the study of PU with PN. Third, we show some of the obtained results, specifically in relation with the UF with anthroponyms, as they are the most numerous in the group., En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis de la fraseología con nombre propio (NP) contenida en el Diccionario de americanismos (DA) de la ASALE. En primer lugar, se ofrece una descripción somera de la obra y del fenómeno de la lexicalización, como requisito para la inclusión del nombre propio en el diccionario y característica de las unidades fraseológicas (UF); en segundo lugar, se especifican las pautas metodológicas para la extracción y estudio de las UF con NP. En tercer y último lugar se muestran algunos resultados obtenidos del análisis; concretamente, en relación con las UF con antropónimo por ser las más numerosas del grupo.

This paper examines the codex Matr. 4565 of the Odyssey, assesses its significance as well as its position in the manuscript tradition of the epic poem, and offers the complete collation of Books α-δ of the Odyssey. On the basis of the analyzed data it is concluded that codex Matr. 4565 is a valuable witness to some interesting readings and cannot be reduced to a simple apographos of any of the older manuscripts, although it maintains a certain degree of affinity with Palat. 45 and a close proximity to some recentiores., Este artículo examina el codex Matr. 4565 de la Odisea, valora su aportación y su posición dentro de la tradición manuscrita del poema y ofrece la colación completa del mismo para los cantos α-δ de la Odisea. A partir de los datos analizados se concluye que es un testigo valioso para algunas lecturas interesantes y que no puede ser reducido a mero apógrafo de ninguno de los manuscritos más antiguos, si bien mantiene cierto grado de afinidad con el Palat. 45 y estrecha proximidad con algunos recentiores.

The aim of this paper is to bring to light, edit and contextualize a Latin inscription from Gharandal (the ancient Arindela or Arieldela; Roman province of Arabia Petraea [al-Tafilah Governorate; Southern Jordan]). The piece, dating probably from the 2nd century AD, is the gravestone of Spratus, a soldier of a cohors Ulp(ia) mil(iaria), hard to identify with any of the other cohortes Ulpiae known from the epigraphic evidence. This new inscription is interesting not only because it enlarges the short catalogue of Latin epigraphy in the area, but also because it broadens our knowledge of the Roman military occupation of the new province of Arabia in the first half of the 2nd century, El propósito del presente trabajo es dar a conocer, editar y contextualizar una nueva inscripción latina procedente de Gharandal (la antigua Arindela de la provincia romana de Arabia Petraea, en la actual provincia jordana de al-Tafilah). La pieza, probablemente del siglo II d. C., es la lápida funeraria de un tal Sprato, un desconocido soldado de una cohors Ulp(ia) mil(iaria), que no resulta fácil de identificar con el resto de las cohortes Ulpiae que conocemos a través de los testimonios epigráficos. El interés de la inscripción no sólo se debe a que amplía el breve catálogo de la epigrafía latina de la zona, sino sobre todo al hecho de que contribuye a aumentar nuestro conocimiento de la ocupación militar romana de la zona en la primera mitad del siglo II d. C.

Based on a quote from La discreta venganza (comedy written around 1620), this paper analyses the relation between Lope de Vega and the novella through his changes of attitude regarding the genre. Being the source of many of his comedies in an early stage (1588-1613), the novella loses its attraction to him in the subsequent years (1613-1620). In the 1620s, however, Lope reintroduces the genre to demonstrate his status as a prestigious writer in Novelas a Marcia Leonarda as well as in his plays., A partir de una cita de La discreta venganza, escrita hacia 1620, analizamos la relación de Lope de Vega con la novella. El escritor cambia su posición respecto al género, que había utilizado como fuente de muchas de sus comedias en una primera etapa (1588-1613), pero que había dejado de interesarle en los años siguientes (1613-1620). En la segunda década del siglo XVII, sin embargo, Lope utiliza la novella para mostrarse como un autor de prestigio, no solo en las Novelas a Marcia Leonarda sino también en su teatro.

In this paper the scholar revises the manuscript tradition of Sisebut's Vita Desiderii. He has studied for the first time all the manuscripts involved in the transmission of this work. As a result of this analysis there are some new aspects about the relations between manuscripts T and J and their relation to the famous Codex Ouetensis of bishop Pelagius (XIIth Century), now lost. The conclusion of this paper is a partial modification of the Vita Desiderii's stemma established by Gil., No disponible.

The present paper aims to write off Menaechmi 31 and 236 from the record of iambic verses that depart from Ritschl’s rule in the second element. Il presente lavoro si propone di escludere Menaechmi 31 and 236 dalla debole casistica dei versi giambici che infrangono la norma di Ritschl nel secondo elemento.

The novatores, probably, constitute the most prominent movement in Spanish science of the last decades of the 17th century. The struggle against the traditional theory and practice is related to Spanish decline and anticipates what would afterward be the Enlightenment. This paper examines argumentative and meta-discursive formal idioms of the novatores medical texts, within a style characterized by polysyndeton and syntactic complexity, typical of the immediacy conceptional. Interested in the weight of cultural factors in the evolution of the grammar of the text and the concept of discourse tradition, we have finally wondered if the novatores meant a significant change in the textual organization and if, therefore, there is a novator discourse tradition. At least for now, the answer is negative. However, later studies may offer data that will modify this negative conclusion and show that the change in the history of novice Medicine also came together with a new discourse tradition. Seguramente, los novatores constituyen el movimiento más destacado en la ciencia española de las últimas décadas del siglo XVII y principios del XVIII. En lucha contra la teoría y práctica tradicionales, a las que hacen responsables de la decadencia española, los novatores anticipan lo que será después la Ilustración. En este artículo se examinan construcciones formales argumentativas y metadiscursivas de los textos médicos novatores, dentro de un estilo caracterizado por el polisíndeton y la complejidad sintáctica, propio de la proximidad concepcional. Interesados por el peso de los factores culturales en la evolución de la gramática del texto y el concepto de tradición discursiva, finalmente nos hemos preguntado si los novatores supusieron un cambio significativo en la organización textual y si, por tanto, existe una tradición discursiva novatora. Al menos por ahora, la respuesta es negativa. Sin embargo, es posible que estudios posteriores ofrezcan datos que modifiquen esta conclusión negativa y muestren que el cambio en la historia de la Medicina de los novatores vino unido también a una nueva tradición discursiva.

The paper analyzes the semantics and the syntax of the medieval Spanish noun phrases headed by article + possessive simultaneously, like el mi amigo, la su casa, los vuestros mensajeros. The paper analyzes three variables: Accessibility of the possessor, Referential Persistence of the possessor and, in a lesser degree, of the possessum, and the Semantic Integrity between posessor and possessum. The paper shows that the noun phrase has a very specialized meaning, which is a consequence of a grammaticalization process: syntagmatic sequence > construction. Double determination in medieval Spanish may be placed in a continuum of possession: the less marked pole is occupied by noun phrases headed by single article, la casa de Juan, the intermediate zone is filled by noun phrases headed by single possessive, su casa, and the more specialized or marked syntagm is the one headed by both article plus possessive, la su casa., El trabajo analiza la semántica y la configuración sintáctica interna de los sintagmas encabezados por doble determinante en el español del siglo XIII, del tipo el mi amigo, la su casa, los vuestros mensajeros, y muestra que tienen un significado especializado para indicar tres constantes: la accesibilidad total del poseedor, la persistencia referencial del poseedor y, en menor medida, la del poseído, y el vínculo de complementariedad semántica entre poseedor y poseído. Se propone que este signifcado tan especializado es consecuencia de un proceso de gramaticalización consistente en el paso de secuencia sintagmática a construcción, entendida esta como un apareamiento fijo e indisoluble de forma y significado. Se propone asimismo que esta construcción constituye el extremo más marcado de un continuum de posesión en la lengua española, cuyo extremo no marcado son los sintagmas del tipo la casa de Juan, en una zona intermedia estarían los sintagmas encabezados por posesivo simple, su casa, y en el polo más marcado estarían los que inician con artículo + posesivo de manera simultánea, la su casa.

In the first section of this paper, the interpretations of Ausonius’ passage by Green (1991) and Lolli (1997) are subjected to criticism; the traditional view on praeter iustum is reinforced, and further linguistic and poetic aspects of this expression are explored. In the second section, it is investigated how alternative approaches to Ausonius’ locus, such as that of Green or Barth’s attempted emendation of iustum > nostrum (1624), are consequential to the comparison of Par. praef. uers. 18 with Martial’s VI 28.10 as printed by all editors (qui fles talia, nil fleas uiator); it is then argued that the traditional text and interpretation of Ausonius’ line and a revised text of Martial (either qui fles, talia nil fleas, uiator, as punctuated by Salanitro, or qui fles, tale nihil fleas, uiator, as I have suggested elsewhere) are mutually consistent and provide philological support for each other (§§ 2-3).

The presented article is part of a series of research which we intend to dedicate to the organization of the modal-temporal system illustrated in this iconic work of the prominent Spanish humanist. In this particular case our interest is focused on the syntactic representation of the simple subjunctive future form of cantare (there is no trace of the complex subjunctive future found in the analysed text), which was mainly used in dialogical works related to the moment of speaking. In this paper we aim to find and analyse all kinds of contexts in which we find the presence of the form cantare.

The aim of this paper is to show that the various meanings of the noun mayoría in which the notion of ‘partition’ is present are associated with a series of formal marks that allow their discrimination. Focusing on morphosyntactic aspects, our analysis allows us notice semantic differences that have gone unnoticed by lexicographers. The data provided, which partially mitigate the lack of attention dedicated to this noun in the grammatical literature, may also be both useful in teaching Spanish and preparing on quantitative studies.

The main goal of the current paper is the description of the lateral geminate segments in the History of the Spanish language: derived from the Latin -LL-, as well as those produced as a secondary process in external context of sandhi ([-l#l-]). To achieve this aim we have analysed the rhymes of the medieval Spanish poetry from its origins until the court of the Catholic Kings, considering that the sounds of the rhymes can shed some light in the reconstruction of the language pronunciation, which underlies in its spelling. El objetivo principal del presente estudio es la descripción del segmento geminado lateral en la historia de la lengua castellana en sus diferentes contextos fónicos: como reducto de -LL- latina y en sandhi externo o fonética sintáctica ([-l#l-]). Para ello, se pretende abordar en las siguientes páginas el análisis de la rima de los poemas medievales que abarcan los primeros testimonios en lengua castellana hasta los compuestos en la corte de los Reyes Católicos, desde el convencimiento de que el análisis de los sonidos en situación de rima permite arrojar luz a la reconstrucción del componente fónico subyacente en las grafías.

This paper studies the representation of the assembly in Aristophanes’ Knights, considering the circumstances in which it was staged and focusing on the character of Demos of Pnyx. It investigates the connection between spaces that the play molds and it postulates a dialectics between leaders and Demos that emphasizes the sovereign authority of the latter, who ultimately submitted them to accountability. Finally, an examination of the senses of the term dēmos is developed from modern discussions on the political vocabulary, highlighting the existence of meanings in tension that, as with Demos as a comic character, designated the conflicts that went through to the people as the body politic.

This paper offers an alternative explanation for the traditional modal uses of the Greek particle που. According to our analysis, που is never employed as a modal particle but as an approximator and as a hedge. This explanation is more consistent with other uses and enables a better understanding of the so-called modal ones. Este trabajo constituye un intento de explicación de los valores tradicionalmente considerados modales de la partícula που. De acuerdo con nuestro análisis, που no se usa como una partícula de modalidad epistémica, sino que esos valores son más propios de un operador de aproximación en el decir y de atenuación. Esta explicación casa mejor con los demás usos reconocidos para la partícula y, como veremos, permite entender los supuestos usos modales de forma más consistente.

This paper analyses Ausonius’ recreation of classical love motifs in his Parentalia, especially in poems 2 and 9, dedicated to his mother and wife respectively. Estudio de la recreación de motivos amatorios clásicos en los Parentalia de Ausonio, fundamentalmente en los poemas 2 y 9, dedicados a su madre y esposa respectivamente.

The aim of this paper is to study a simple and interesting epitaph carved on a stele found in Caurium, ciuitas stipendiaria localized in Lusitania., Se revisa la lectura de un sencillo e interesante epitafio grabado en una estela hallada en Caurium (Coria), ciuitas stipendiaria localizada en la provincia de Lusitania.

The Cappadocian Basil the Great, one of the most influential of the Church Fathers, wrote a work on the educational value of Greek literature. The contents of the work suggests that the author aimed to establish a clear border between Christianity and paganism; nevertheless, the formal analysis of the text clearly reveals that its author can be considered as a Christian sophist, or as a Christian among sophists. The aim of this paper is to analyse how Basil dialogues with the Greek literary tradition, understood as an unquestionable store of knowledge wich he can imitated, and even criticize, and to observe the formal resources he uses to adapt the greek paideia to the cultural environment of the fourth century AD, placing it at the service of this theological convictions.

Only exceptionally the origo appears in the potter’s stamps. This paper collects the testimonies of the conuentus Caesaraugustanus.

In this paper we explain, taking account of the ovidian treatment of the Aeneid of Virgil, that the ovidian Aeneid, in opposition to the hitherto defended opinion – that included from the book XIII 623 to the XIV 608 – embraced part of the book XIII, verse 623-690 and the books XIV and XV 1-860 of the Metamorphoses. The ovidian increase comes into being from the transformation of vergilian prophecies into history.

In this paper, we describe the different linguistic contexts in which unexpected verbal morphology can be found in Spanish dialects and we discuss the main proposals for this phenomenon. Most of the data we present here, which belong to different dialects, are not explained by the research developed so far, because the examples show that all the logic possibilities for the occurrence of enclitic -n can be observed. Moreover, the copy/displacement of agreement morphology also takes place with the first plural person, although it happens in a partial way. En el presente trabajo se describen los diferentes contextos en los que tiene lugar la concordancia inesperada en español (anotenlon) y se discuten las principales propuestas de análisis sobre este fenómeno. La mayoría de los datos recopilados escapan a las explicaciones sugeridas hasta el momento, ya que ilustran que es posible encontrar todas las posibilidades lógicas para la ocurrencia de la -n enclítica y, además, que el copiado/desplazamiento de la morfología de concordancia se produce también con la primera persona del plural, aunque de manera parcial (anotemoslon).

The aim of the paper is to study the cosmogony of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, within the framework of the literary and philosophical tradition of cosmogonies. After a reflection on the cosmogonies in ancient literatures and on the role of the Ovidian in the poem, the proem of Metamorphoses and various aspects of the cosmogony are examined: (1) the description of the initial state of the cosmos and the concept of Chaos; (2) the proposed consideration of a new Greek model, viz Orphic Rhapsodies; (3) a quick reference to Met. I 9; (4) An allusion to the meaning of iners, and (5) reflections on deus et melior natura, to end with some concluding remarks.

The goal of this paper is to study the episode of the fight between two sets of triplet brothers that Silius Italicus inserts in the account of the battle of Ticinus (Sil. IV 355-400). Taking Livy’s intertext (Liv. I 25) as a starting point, the changes the Flavian epicist introduces with respect to his model are analized. Silius emphasizes some of the characteristics of civil war already apparent in Livy’s narrative; however, the episode is closed by the praise to the fighters in a clear allusion to the famous apostrophe to Euryalus and Nisus (Aen. IX 446-449). This strategy, apparently contradictory but totally deliberate, contributes to define the concept of epic in relation to his predecessors Virgil and Lucan, and his contemporaries, especially Statius. The texts of the Thebaid with which these of the Punica are compared seem to prove it.

In the Fasti the image of Romulus fails to allude to Augustus because Ovid’s contemporary Augustus no longer responds to the Romulean prototype of a new founder of the city, and resembles Numa instead, king devoted to peace, rites and to the study of the stars. This circumstance is especially dramatized in II 119-144 as well as in I 27-44 and III 73-166. Nevertheless, Book III is the locus of the work in which this dramatization is most emphasized, since little less than a half of the Book (the first half) is devoted successively to Romulus and to Numa. In this paper we study how this succession-structure influences the construction of Augustus as a character, with conclusions about the Ovidian poetic construction of history: Ovid

In this paper we will investigate the occurrences of πλάσμα in Plutarch’s Parallel Lives. We will analyse the meanings and nuances of the word in different passages of the work (understood as ‘fiction, counterfeit, figment’, etc.) in order to connect our conclusions with plutarchean theorizations about the problem of truth in historical narrative. En el presente trabajo nos proponemos investigar las apariciones de πλάσμα en las Vidas paralelas de Plutarco. Analizaremos los sentidos y matices del término en diferentes pasajes de la obra (entendido como ‘ficción, engaño, fingimiento’, etc.), con el fin de relacionar nuestras conclusiones con las teorizaciones de Plutarco acerca del problema de la verdad en la narrativa histórica.

This paper attempts to take the first steps in an analysis of the distribution of accents in Theocritus’ hexameter, following the hypothesis, proposed recently by several scholars, that ancient poets distributed accents in a deliberate manner. After an introduction and some methodological considerations, the author studies the types of accent in the third foot of a group of eighteen Idylls (those that can be safely attributed to Theocritus), then the types of accent with which the poet closes his verses and, finally, he conducts an analysis of the correlation between the type of accent in the third and in the sixth foot. The study attempts to detect similarities and differences between the different poems and groups of poems, and to verify if they correspond with those found in the metricological analysis. El presente artículo busca dar los primeros pasos en un análisis de la distribución de acentos en el hexámetro de Teócrito, a partir de la idea de que los poetas antiguos realizaban esta distribución de manera deliberada, avanzada recientemente por diversos autores. Luego de una introducción y algunas consideraciones metodológicas, se estudian los tipos de acentos en el tercer pie de un conjunto de dieciocho de los Idilios (aquellos cuya autoría corresponde con toda probabilidad a Teócrito), luego los tipos de acentos con los que el poeta cierra sus versos y, finalmente, se realiza un análisis de la correlación entre el tipo de acento en el tercer pie y el sexto. El estudio se propone detectar diferencias y similitudes entre los distintos poemas y grupos de poemas y verificar si se corresponden con las encontradas en el análisis metricológico.

After a brief consideration of the main linguistic features of the medieval uetus translatio of Aristotle’s De insomniis, including a collation of the old manuscript Oxford, Bodleian Library, Digby 103, our paper tries to explain from a stemmatic point of view the peculiarities and the most probable provenance of the Greek model of this translation, by paying attention to some new observations on the manuscripts Vat. Gr. 253 and Marc. Gr. 214. We review the arguments of Drossaart Lulofs concerning the authorship of the noua translatio and we examine some aspects of the wording of Moerbeke’s recognitio.

In this paper, we study the names of intoxications ending in -ismo in Spanish in order to determine whether we are facing a lexicogenetic pattern imported from a different language (concretely, French). For this purpose, we analyse thoroughly the documentation of all the selected words, as well as the possible sources of the texts in which they are located, taking also into account their representation in the history of the Spanish dictionaries. As a result of all the above, we formulate new etymological proposals for a number of these terms, which are often presented in lexicography as derivatives originated in Spanish.

Juan de Guzmán belongs to the broad group of cancioneril poets for which barely any information is available, as his corpus, in the form it has survived to the present, consists of six texts, all of them belonging to the same poetic series he exchanged with Juan Alfonso de Baena. However, in spite of the exiguity of his preserved work, he is not just an occasional poet, but a reputed figure among his peers. In this paper I aim to demonstrate the importance of this poet, placing him in a specific historical and poetic context, and also I offer traces of his other lost works.

This paper analyzes the example (παράδειγμα) in Aristotle’s Rhetoric and focuses on the relationship between it and the idea of similarity (τὸ ὅμοιον), which is essential also for the concepts of metaphor and comparison. Thus, the idea of similarity is used to explore the connection among all this resources, and also between analogy and induction.

This paper debates some new additional arguments that support the long quality of the final nominative, vocative and accusative singular forms of the -u neuter nouns of the fourth Latin declension. The author reaffirms his previous view that these forms have short -u.

Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la variación lingüística de los adverbios en el Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española de Sebastián de Covarrubias de 1611. El objetivo es conocer las diferencias variacionales que el autor fue capaz de distinguir y el valor que tenían para él. La metodología utilizada ha sido contrastar la información lingüística de Covarrubias con la de otros autores y gramáticos contemporáneos, así como con el uso de esos adverbios en textos de la época. Se ha podido realizar una valoración palabra por palabra de esas etiquetas variacionales. This paper focuses on the analysis of linguistic variation of adverbs in the Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española of Sebastián de Covarrubias in 1611. The objective is to understand the variational differences that the author could distinguish and the meaning they had for him. The methodology has been contrasting Covarrubias’s linguistic information with other contemporary authors and grammarians, as well as comparing with the use of these adverbs in texts of the period. It has been able to make a word-for-word assessment of these variational labels

This paper deals with the cases of dequeism documented in the 19th century. It is based on data obtained from different corpora and aims at seeing what type of verbs were involved in dequeism, as well as the type of constructions in which they appeared and the chronology of the examples. Likewise, it also tries to determine the factors that may have been influential for their emergence in the speech, taking into consideration linguistic factors (of a semanticpragmatic, social or psycholinguistic nature) or extralinguistic factors (text sources, types of writings, cultural level of the speakers ...).

This paper presents a new proposition for the critical edition of the Coplas sobre la muerte de su padre, de Jorge Manrique. Based on the collation of the most comprehensive and complete number of copies, a new stemma codicum with prevalence of ? (ALFA) tradition and LB3 is established. This stemma should guide the selection of variants, which reveal a large number of expressions and words so far rarely taken into account by the editors of the poem.

In Ancient Greek, μόγις y μόλις generally express the effort an agent takes to display the verbal action. Besides this use as manner adverbs, μόγις and μόλις show also a use, although much less frequently, as approximative adverbs. This paper, which analyses The Illiad and The Odyssey, the complete tragedies by Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, the plays by Aristophanes and Plutarch’s Lives, focuses on the determination of the semantic and pragmatic factors that have triggered the development of μόγις and μόλις into approximative adverbs. It aims also at describing the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic features of both adverbs in their use as approximative expressions. Finally, it will analyze the possible functional differences between both adverbs. En Griego Antiguo, μόγις y μόλις expresan, por lo general, el esfuerzo con el que un agente lleva a cabo una acción verbal. Junto a este uso como adverbios de modo, μόγις y μόλις presentan también un uso, mucho menos frecuente, como expresiones de aproximación. El presente trabajo, centrado en la Ilíada y la Odisea, las tragedias completas de Esquilo, Sófocles y Eurípides, las comedias de Aristófanes y las Vidas paralelas de Plutarco, tiene como objetivo la determinación de los factores semánticos y sintácticos que han propiciado el desarrollo de μόγις y μόλις como adverbios de aproximación, así como la descripción de las propiedades semánticas, sintácticas y pragmáticas de los dos adverbios en este uso. Asimismo, se analizarán las posibles diferencias funcionales entre uno y otro adverbio.

This paper deals with the origin of Spanish prasma ‘dark green agate’. For this purpose, documented occurrences of prasma in Spanish are studied, its equivalents in other European languages (especially Old French prasme) are analysed, and the etymologies that have been suggested so far are considered. In view of the data, we aim to prove that prasma was ultimately the consequence of misreading Late Latin PRAS/NUS or PRAS/NA. In addition, a study is offered of plasma, a more recent version of prasma.

The 3th century grammarian Cassius Longinus in his introduction to the commentary to Hephaestion’s On Metre (Ἐγχειρίδιον περὶ μέτρων) mentions a writer on meter named Odysseus (Ὀδυσσεὺς ὁ μετρικός), who is not known in any other source. This paper aims to identify this author and give a satisfactory explanation to his mention by Longinus. However, the peculiarity of the name, which is not attested as anthroponym out of the epic genre, and its notice in Longinus, who in his commentary only quotes technical authors used as direct sources, have led us to propose a textual correction, Διονύσιος ὁ μουσικός, which, as I shall try to prove, is paleographically plausible and consistent from the point of view of the identification. El gramático del s. III Casio Longino en su introducción al comentario al Manual de métrica (Ἐγχειρίδιον περὶ μέτρων) de Hefestión de Alejandría (s. II) menciona a un metricólogo de nombre Odiseo (Ὀδυσσεὺς ὁ μετρικός), que no es conocido por ninguna otra fuente. Este artículo pretende identificar a este autor y dar una explicación satisfactoria a su mención en la obra de Longino. Ahora bien, la peculiaridad del nombre, que no está testimoniado como antropónimo fuera de la épica, así como su aparición en Longino, quien en su comentario sólo cita a autores teóricos que utilizó como fuente directa, nos han llevado a proponer una corrección textual, Διονύσιος ὁ μουσικός, que, como se intenta demostrar, es plausible paleográficamente y coherente desde el punto de vista de la identificación.

This paper analyses the combinations of arguments within the verb cogo ‘to force’. They are organized in three semantic domains, the one of gathering-put together —cogo 1—; the one of forcing —cogo 2—; and the one of collecting — extorting (money) — cogo 3—. These domains yield several Predicate Frames. Some of the combinations are explained from verb lexical features (cogo 1x and cogo 2), but other ones seem to be rather collocations (‘to gather olives’, ‘to collect money’). Syntax of cogo has a transitive frame with an argument of Direction (cogo 1), projected as an event (Infinitive) in cogo 2. Syntax of cogo 3 reflects an alternative conceptualization of the force dinamics. Conceptual relationship among PFs is articulated from the facet of ‘coaction’ and completed by the one of ‘resistence oposition’; this combination sets the verb in a clear sphere of causativity.

The paper examines the linguistic configuration of ritualized-friendship through a contrastive analysis of the Homeric poems and Herodotus’ Histories. First, the critical approaches to xenia in the Greek world are charted. Second, the overall characteristics of the language of ritualized-friendship in the Homeric epic are outlined through a lexical analysis of the semantic field of xenos and its cognates. Finally, the development of the conceptual framework of ritualized-friendship is traced in Herodotus’ narrative. The analysis shows that Herodotus draws on a nominal abstract form ξεινίη, absent in Homer, and employs it from a geopolitical and largely secular stance, as a relatively technical term to designate inter-aristocratic bonds of friendship or alliance.

Regarding some formulae at the beginning of the dialogical turns that profusely appear at Erasmus’s Colloquia familiaria and its Castillian translations, we study in this paper how these formulae become a discursive strategy which characterizes the dialogical tradition at the Renaissance and Baroque. Its routinization in texts of this kind may be interpreted as an expression of the ideal of natural style that succeeded since the first half of the 16th century in Castilian literature.

In this paper the Author questioned the commonly accepted correction Adoneus (A. Statius) for Catullus 29,8, and reevaluated Thyoneus, conjecture proposed by R. Ellis in 1888. [it] In questa nota l’Autore ha discusso la problematica correzione Adoneus (A. Statius) per Catullo 29,8, e ha rivalutato Thyoneus, conggetura proposta da R. Ellis nel 1888.

In this paper, we shall reconstruct the foundations of cooking vocabulary in Medieval and Renaissance Spanish by analyzing the verbs referring to culinary methods and the substantives naming the principal types of dishes. These substantives belong to two word groups: nominalizations of culinary verbs and metonymic use of designations of cooking vessels. The documentary database consists of historical cookbooks, treatises on medicine and on agriculture as well as data of the CORDE corpus.

This paper analyses the use of accusative and dative clitics in oral interactions of native Spanish speakers in the Basque Country. Records belong to the COSER corpus (Fernández-Ordóñez, 2005-). The data show some of the pronominal systems described in northern peninsular Spanish and their geographical spread in this area. Specifically, the outcomes reveal the existence in Álava (Basque Country) of the socalled inherited Romance and imported Romance (Camus y Gómez, 2012).

This paper revolves around the neutro de materia in Castilian language from a diachronic perspective. The distinction between the notion of continuous/ non-continuous in the gender of nouns entails apparently anomalous concordances, not only with adjectives (“lana blanco”), but also in other discourse elements (“la lana lo vendieron”). The neutro de materia was widely extended in both plateaux of Castilia and has been so far studied from a synchronic perspective. The study of this topic is based on the materials of a corpus of unpublished notarial documents of the Golden Century (CorLexIn), which provides both plenty of examples and the possibility to locate them geographically in the past. El trabajo aborda el asunto del neutro de materia en el castellano desde una perspectiva diacrónica. La distinción continuo / discontinuo en el género de los sustantivos implica concordancias aparentemente anómalas, bien con el adjetivo (lana blanco), bien con otros elementos del decurso (la lana lo vendieron). El fenómeno, extendido por buena parte de ambas mesetas, se ha estudiado principalmente desde un punto de vista sincrónico. En este trabajo se aborda su estudio a partir de los materiales de un corpus de documentos notariales inéditos del Siglo de Oro, el CorLexIn, que nos proporciona abundantes casos así como la posibilidad de localizarlos geográficamente en el pasado.