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Abstract: Promoting socioemotional skills has been highlighted among the evidence to prevent suicidal behavior in childhood and adolescence. This review aimed to map and analyze national and international scientific papers on initiatives and programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescence based on the theoretical framework of socioemotional skills. It is a scoping review using the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Eleven academic bibliographic databases were analyzed, and searches were conducted on institutional websites related to suicide prevention and Google. Papers in Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English from 2010 to July 2022 were included in the review, which consisted of 97 studies, analyzed through data matrix and thematic grouping. The results show that most are international and focused on suicide, not on self-harm alone. In general, they have an informational and instructional bias for professionals, institutions, and governments, proposed laws, programs and action plans, studies on the role of socioemotional skills and intervention research. Few strategies have been clearly tested and validated. The key elements are the ability to perceive, recognize, understand, express, and regulate one’s own emotions, get motivated, and build empathy in relationships. Schools are key players in this process and the health system should act as a collaborative network. National and local prevention plans are required, emphasizing the role of schools, the health sector, and intersectoral coordination to promote health and quality of life.

Objective: To investigate the gender of the authors who publish articles of health economic evaluations in medicine and healthcare journals. Method: We evaluated a random sample of economic evaluations indexed in MEDLINE during 2019. Gender of the first, last and corresponding author was determined by review of the author's first name. Data were summarized as frequency and percentage for categorical items and median and interquartile range (IQR) for continuous items. We also calculated the index of authors per paper. Results: We included 200 studies with 1365 authors (median of 6 authors per paper; IQR: 4-9). Gender identification was possible for all authors in the study sample: 802 (59%) were men and 563 (41%) were women. The number of female first, last, and corresponding authors respectively were 78 (39%), 68 (34%), and 80 (40%) for health economic evaluations. Discussion: Female scientists were underrepresented as co-authors and in prominent authorship positions in health economic evaluations. This study serves as a call to action for the scientific community to actively work towards equity and inclusion. Resumen: Objetivo: Investigar el género de las personas autoras que publican artículos de evaluaciones económicas de la salud en revistas de medicina y atención sanitaria. Método: Se evaluó una muestra aleatoria de evaluaciones económicas indexadas en MEDLINE durante 2019. El género de las personas autoras como primera, última y autoría de correspondencia se determinó mediante la revisión del nombre de la persona firmante. Los datos se resumieron como frecuencia y porcentaje para las variables categóricas, y como mediana y rango intercuartílico (RIC) para las variables continuas. También se calculó el índice de autores por artículo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 200 estudios con 1365 autores (mediana de 6 autores por artículo; RIC: 4-9). La identificación del sexo fue posible para toda la muestra: 802 (59%) eran hombres y 563 (41%) eran mujeres. Los números de científicas con una posición como primera, última y autora de correspondencia fueron 78 (39%), 68 (34%) y 80 (40%), respectivamente, para las evaluaciones económicas. Discusión: Las científicas estuvieron infrarrepresentadas como coautoras y en puestos de autoría destacados en las evaluaciones económicas. Este estudio sirve como una llamada a la acción para que la comunidad científica trabaje activamente por la equidad y la inclusión.

Objectives. This paper describes and analyzes embedded implementation research and the empirical processes of planning for utilization, strategies to promote utilization and the sustainability of utilization of results from research led by decision-makers in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods. This qualitative, descriptive and interpretive study is based on the findings from semistructured interviews with members of teams working under the Embedding Research for the Sustainable Development Goals initiative (2018–2019) as well as their responses to a self-assessment follow-up questionnaire 1 year after the project was completed. Results. Altogether 13 teams from 11 countries participated in the Initiative. Nine teams had a core team composed of a decision-maker as the principal investigator assisted by a researcher as co-principal investigator. Four teams included more than one co-principal investigator; and in five teams, the originally assigned principal investigator was replaced. There was an interesting relationship between the expected utilization of research results, the utilization strategies, the sustainability of research uptake and the teams’ collaboration modalities. When decision-makers and co-principal investigators were active participants, the intention to use the results and strategies for utilization were clearly oriented to improve implementation. In teams with basically a formal collaboration between the two principals, plans for utilization were unclear or focused on producing academic knowledge. The participation of implementers below the rank of principal investigator decision-maker may be relevant. Conclusions. Embedded implementation research is an innovative tool that may foster the utilization of research and strengthen health programs and services. Considering the internal dynamics of such research teams will enhance planning and strategies for research utilization as well as the sustainability of practical and actionable findings.

(1) Background: This paper presents an analysis of the associations between minority stressors and activism in the population of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals in Poland. (2) Methods: The cross-sectional online-based research was conducted among 192 lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people in two groups: activists (n = 51) and people not engaged in activism (n = 141). Four scales of the Sexual Minority Stress Scale were used: Internalized Homophobia, Expectation of Rejection, Concealment, and Sexual Minority Negative Events Scale. Activism was measured using the Activism Scale and a single item asking about belonging to an activist group. (3) Results: Activists, lesbians, and gays scored significantly higher in the Sexual Minority Negative Events than people not involved in activism and bisexual individuals. Attitude toward LGBT+ activism correlated weakly and positively with Sexual Minority Negative Events and Expectation of Rejection while negatively with Internalized Homophobia. The Network Analysis showed that positive attitudes toward LGBT+ activism, the expectation of rejection, and negative events in minority stress are the most influential variables in the network model, playing a crucial role in the interaction between particular dimensions of minority stress. (4) Conclusions: Prevention and intervention programs should focus on reducing minority stress, especially negative events and rejection, especially among lesbians, gays, and people engaged in LGBT+ activism. The cooperation of politicians, lawyers, social workers, and psychologists is required to decrease homophobia and the stigmatization of people representing sexual and gender minorities.

Introduction. Perinatal loss is a profoundly stirring event that affects various areas of society, from women and their partners to health professionals and society as a whole. Unfortunately, in caring for women experiencing perinatal bereavement, information and support related to breastfeeding is often overlooked, which can increase their feelings of grief and anxiety. However, breast milk donation has been recognised as a valuable option that can play a significant role in the bereavement process. Aim. To review the existing literature on the impact of milk donation after perinatal loss, its role in the bereavement process and its implications. Methods. Literature search of PubMed, Cochrane and PsycINFO databases to identify studies addressing milk donation, perinatal loss and women’s experiences. Results. Based on seven qualitative papers, they highlighted the need for breastfeeding support for mothers in perinatal bereavement, as well as the lack of sensitive and non-judgmental communication by health professionals. Conclusion. Breastfeeding can play an essential role in the perinatal bereavement process, validating maternal identity and generating meaningful memories. The importance of addressing breastfeeding inhibition on an individualised basis and improving the training of health professionals to provide comprehensive support is emphasised.

The prevalence of diagnosed cases of autism has increased rapidly, which has raised interest in studying the variables related to the well-being of these families. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent literature on other variables related to family well-being, such as parenting styles. We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA check list and bias assessment with the aim of analyzing if the concepts of autism, well-being and parenting style are related. We screened 755 references from relevant databases like Scopus, Pubmed, PscyInfo EBSCO, Web of Science and Dialnet, updated on May 2024. Sixteen full text articles and abstracts were read. It was identified that the authoritative parenting style, as well as those based on warmth, establishing relationships and emotional bonding, and low expressed emotion were positively related to family well-being. On the other hand, authoritarian, permissive and overprotective styles, as well as critical, punishing and training-based, were negatively associated with well-being and quality of family life.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the formative and evaluative activities involving statistical graphs in the new textbooks for Chilean rural multigrade education. The methodology is qualitative, at a descriptive level and uses the content analysis technique. The sample is made up of the six primary education textbooks distributed by the Ministry of Education for rural multigrade schools. The results show the predominance of the bar chart, semiotic level 3, the task of calculating and the personal context in both types of activities, although with respect to the reading level, it is evident that level 4 predominates in the formative activities and level 2 in the evaluative ones. According to the results, it is recommended to incorporate graphs proposed by the curricular guidelines of the Ministry of Education, which are absent in textbooks as well as to include evaluative activities that require reflection on the nature of the data, context, representation and conclusions obtained from them.

Introduction: Although gifted children can express high cognitive skills, they can also show socioemotional difficulties. Drawing from Olson’s circumplex model, the present paper assessed the role of family functioning in internalizing and externalizing problems in gifted children. Materials and Methods: 362 mothers and their 362 gifted children were included. The unbalanced subscales of the FACES IV—disengagement, enmeshment, rigidity, and chaos—and the CBCL were administered to mothers. The children completed the WISC-IV. Results: The model predicting internalizing problems was significant and explained 5.6% of the variance. Only rigidity had an independent and positive effect on internalizing problems in gifted children over and above sociodemographic variables and QI, whereas disengagement, enmeshment, and chaos were not associated with internalizing problems. The model predicting externalizing problems was significant and explained 10% of the variance. Again, rigidity was the only variable that had an independent and positive effect on externalizing problems in gifted children over and above sociodemographic variables and QI, whereas disengagement, enmeshment, and chaos were not associated with externalizing problems in this population. Discussion: Rigid families with a low ability to change in conditions that require readjustment appear to increase the risk of both internalizing and externalizing problems in gifted children. Although further studies are needed to support these preliminary findings, parental support interventions aimed at increasing flexibility appear to be useful.

This paper examines potential associations of loneliness with laboratory data and specific psychosocial and behavioral attitudes. The sample collection took place in an urban Primary Health Care unit between May and July 2023, consecutively, and once exclusion criteria were implemented. Participants were aged between 40 and 75 years. Routine laboratory test results upon study initiation and six months before were used. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Loneliness Scale (Version 3), blood glucose, serum lipids, Fibrosis-4 index, and Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) were assessed through hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis. Based on full model (3rd) analysis, those who were engaged in an individual sport or activity or had contacts with more friends presented significantly lower odds for increased loneliness levels (odds ratio (OR): 0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09–0.91], p = 0.034 and OR: 0.76 [95%CI 0.66–0.88], p < 0.001, respectively). The consumption of alcohol was associated with increased loneliness (OR: 5.55 [95%CI 1.42–21.63], p = 0.014). Elevated triglyceride levels were linked with moderate or no loneliness (OR: 0.20 [95%CI 0.05–0.83], p = 0.026), while an increased LDL/HDL atherosclerotic index was related to increased subjective loneliness (OR: 4.50 [95%CI 1.12–18.13], p = 0.035). The need for holistic approaches—involving primary care personnel—in understanding and addressing loneliness, recognizing its multifaceted nature as well as the diverse factors that contribute to this issue, is considered challenging.

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and its Member States have been leading the efforts to eradicate wild poliovirus in the Region of Americas since smallpox's successful elimination in 1971. The region became the first to be certified free of wild poliovirus in 1994. However, in July 2022, an unvaccinated patient with no recent travel history was diagnosed with poliomyelitis in the United States of America. In response to the emergence of a circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus in the United States, PAHO established the Polio Incident Management Support Team. This team has been coordinating response efforts, focusing on: coordination, planning, and monitoring; risk communication and community engagement; surveillance and case investigation; vaccination; and rapid response. In this paper, we identified and documented best practices observed following establishment of the Incident Management Support Team (September 2022–2023) through a comprehensive review and analysis of various data sources and country-specific data from the polio surveillance dashboard. The aim was to share these best practices, highlighting technical support and implementation of polio measures by Member States. Despite several challenges, the Americas region remains polio-free. Polio risk is declining, with a July 2023 assessment showing fewer countries at medium, high, and very high risk. This progress reflects improved immunization coverage, surveillance, containment, health determinants, and outbreak preparedness and response. The PAHO Polio Incident Management Support Team has played a key role in supporting these efforts.

Abstract: Since May 2020, we have been conducting a comprehensive study to understand the natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Our focus has been on following families, systematically collecting respiratory tract swabs and blood samples, monitoring symptoms, and gathering data on vaccine status. This paper aims to describe the household cohort across five epidemic waves of SARS-CoV-2, providing an overview of the collected data and a description of the epidemiological, clinical, and immunological characteristics and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our cohort includes 691 participants from 189 households. During the five epidemic waves, we detected 606 infections. The incidence density of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranged from 4 (Delta) to 56 (B.1.1.33) per 1,000 person-week, with a peak in wave B.1.1.33 in all age groups. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG anti spike protein) varied from 37%, in the pre-VoC period, to 99%, in the Omicron period, progressively increasing after each wave in a similar manner regardless of age. As we have monitored the cohort continuously since the beginning of the pandemic, we were able to collect data across different scenarios according to the predominant lineage in circulation. Via active monitoring of families, we were able to carry out an epidemiological surveillance on SARS-CoV-2, including its variants, persistence of symptoms, and changes in immunity over time in the population, contributing to knowledge of the natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

More than 8 million older people in Latin America depend on long-term care (LTC), accounting for 12% of people aged ≥ 60 years and almost 27% of those aged ≥ 80. It is crucial to develop sustainable strategies for providing LTC in the area, including institutional care. This special report aims to characterize institutional LTC in four countries (Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica and Mexico), using available information systems, and to identify the strategies adopted to support institutional care in these countries. This narrative review used nationwide, open-access, public data sources to gather demographic estimates and information about institutional LTC coverage and the availability of open-access data for the proportion of people with LTC needs, the number of LTC facilities and the number of residents living in them. These countries have a larger share of older people than the average in Latin America but fewer LTC facilities than required by the demand. National surveys lack standardization in defining disability, LTC and dependency on care. Information about institutional care is mainly fragmented and does not regularly include LTC facilities, their residents and workers. Data are crucial to inform evidence-based decisions to favor prioritization and to support advances in promoting policies around institutional LTC in Latin America. Although information about institutional care in the region is fragmented and insufficient, this paper profiles the four selected countries. It highlights the need for a better structure for datadriven LTC information systems. The lack of information emphasizes the urgency of the need to focus on and encourage research into this topic.

The purpose of this paper is to delve into the ethical aspects experienced by the healthcare team when they receive the directive to limit therapeutic effort or a do-not-resuscitate order. From an interpretative, qualitative paradigm with a content analysis approach, a process based on three phases was conducted: pre-analysis in which categories were identified, the projection of the analysis, and inductive analysis. During 2023, interviews were conducted in the clinical setting of a high-complexity hospital in Chile with 56 members of the healthcare teams from critical and emergency units, from which four categories emerged: a) the risk of violating patients’ rights by using do-not-resuscitate orders and limiting therapeutic effort; b) the gap in the interpretation of the legal framework addressing the care and attention of patients at the end of life or with terminal illnesses by the healthcare team; c) ethical conflicts in end-of-life care; and d) efficient care versus holistic care in patients with terminal illness. There are significant gaps in bioethics training and aspects of a good death in healthcare teams facing the directive to limit therapeutic effort and not resuscitate. It is suggested to train personnel and work on a consensus guide to address the ethical aspects of a good death.

Abstract: Although food insecurity presents a decreasing trend worldwide, some regions recently observed an increase in hunger levels. Such was the case in Brazil between 2014 and 2018, during and after the great Brazilian recession, and between 2020 and 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper describes the evolution of food insecurity in Brazil between 2004 and 2022 using Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), Brazilian Household Budget Survey (POF) and Continuous PNAD. Households were classified in 20 types of arrangements, and the most vulnerable living arrangements between 2004 and 2018 were identified by multinomial logistic models. Overall, households headed by women (single blacks, whites or in couples) with or without children were the most prone to food insecurity. As for the evolution of food insecurity in Brazil between 2018 and 2022, logistic models were applied to estimate moderate and severe food insecurity levels among the 20 household types. Additionally, effects of the emergency aid and idiosyncrasies of the COVID-19 pandemic were estimated.

Resumen: La escasez de enfermeras es un fenómeno multicausal que afecta a todos los países y actualmente es una preocupación mundial. La infradotación de enfermeras pone en riesgo la sostenibilidad de los sistemas sanitarios y los resultados de salud de las personas. En España, históricamente no ha habido dificultades para atraer a nuevas generaciones de enfermeras. El déficit de enfermeras en España se explica por unas condiciones laborales precarias y una falta de desarrollo profesional que han provocado episodios de elevada migración internacional y abandono de la profesión. En este artículo se pone el foco en la evolución de diferentes indicadores de condiciones laborales de las enfermeras no especializadas, que son el grueso de la profesión. Estos indicadores permiten analizar el abandono de la profesión, la duración de los contratos, la dedicación a tiempo parcial o completa, y el abuso en la sobrecontratación. Se analizan los efectos de la COVID-19 y de la reforma laboral sobre estos indicadores. La COVID-19 redujo el abandono de la profesión y actualmente está en su cota más baja, y ha acelerado la necesidad de mejorar las condiciones laborales aumentando el porcentaje de contratos indefinidos y reduciendo la multiplicidad de contratos en un mismo mes. La reforma laboral ha ayudado a reducir el porcentaje de contratos temporales hasta situarse alrededor del 80% del total de los contratos, y ha reducido el número de enfermeras en España con más de un contrato en un mismo mes hasta situarse por debajo de las 3000 enfermeras de manera mantenida. Abstract: The nursing shortage is a multi-causal phenomenon that affects all countries and currently a global concern. The shortage of nurses jeopardizes the sustainability of health systems and the population health outcomes. Spain has historically had no difficulties in attracting new generations of nurses. The shortage of nurses is caused by the precarious working conditions and lack of professional development that have led to episodes of high international migration and abandonment of the profession. In this paper we focus on the evolution of different indicators of the working conditions of non-specialist nurses, who make up the bulk of the profession. These indicators allow us to analyse the abandonment of the profession, the duration of contracts, their full-time or part-time dedication and the excessive hiring. We have analysed the effect of COVID-19 and the labour reform on these indicators. COVID-19 reduced the abandonment of the profession and is currently at its lowest level, it has also accelerated the need to improve working conditions by increasing the percentage of permanent contracts and reducing the multiplicity of contracts in the same month. The labour reform has helped reduce the percentage of temporary contracts until reaching around 80% of the total contracts, and has reduced the number of nurses in Spain with more than one contract in the same month to below 3000 nurses on a sustained basis.

Resumen: Los desequilibrios recurrentes entre oferta, demanda y necesidades de personal son uno de los principales retos del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS). Esta situación tiene su origen tanto en factores de oferta como en los condicionantes de la demanda de recursos humanos en el sector público sanitario. La estructura demográfica de los profesionales sanitarios del SNS está generando un creciente número de salidas de médicos y enfermeras. Por otro lado, la compleja arquitectura institucional de la sanidad pública produce disfunciones en la estructura de la demanda y en la forma de contratación. En este trabajo se argumenta sobre la necesidad de articular una respuesta estratégica que aborde la mejora de la gobernanza de los recursos humanos del SNS y la reforma de los instrumentos de coordinación y armonización de las actuaciones en los tres niveles de gobierno de la sanidad pública. Abstract: Recurrent imbalances between supply, demand and personnel needs are one of the main challenges facing the National Health System (NHS). This situation has its origin both in supply factors and in the conditioning factors of the demand for human resources in the public health sector. The demographic structure of the NHS health professionals is generating an increasing number of outflows of doctors and nurses. On the other hand, the complex institutional architecture of the public health system produces dysfunctions in the structure of demand and in the form of recruitment. This paper argues for the need to articulate a strategic response that addresses the improvement of the governance of the human resources of the NHS and the reform of the instruments of coordination and harmonization of actions at the three levels of government of public healthcare.

Resumen: El sistema sanitario público español está saturado. Como consecuencia de ello, los profesionales sanitarios muestran síntomas de burnout o desgaste profesional, y la sanidad privada está creciendo más que nunca. Con las numerosas huelgas del colectivo médico se ha revelado la necesidad de que mejoren sus condiciones laborales y económicas, así como su frustración al no poder dedicar el tiempo y la calidad necesaria a los pacientes. Ante esta situación, la respuesta institucional en la mayoría de las comunidades autónomas ha sido suprimir la cláusula de exclusividad que garantizaba un sueldo mayor a cambio de la plena dedicación de los médicos al sector público, pero manteniendo el pago extra. Promover la práctica dual público-privada de los médicos permite que estos tengan más ingresos, pero plantea otras muchas cuestiones que intentamos analizar en este artículo, en el que también discutimos sobre otras medidas y reformas necesarias y urgentes, de mayor calado, que deberían ser abordadas por el gobierno para revertir esta situación tan crítica de nuestro sistema sanitario. Abstract: The Spanish public health system is overburdened. As a result, heath care professionals are showing symptoms of burnout, while private health services are expanding more than ever. As revealed by numerous strikes in recent years, health care professionals want better pay and work conditions and feel frustrated by their inability to give proper time and care to their patients. The institutional response from regional governments in Spain has been to remove the exclusivity clause that provided a salary bonus for physicians who worked entirely in the public sector; now all physicians receive this bonus, effectively promoting dual (public and private) practice. Although dual practice may increase the income of physicians and other health professionals, it poses several challenges that are analyzed in this paper. We also discuss alternative and more far-reaching policies that we believe should be implemented by the government in order to deal with the current crisis of the health system.

Resumen: Los problemas que plantea la formación médica en España son diversos. En este trabajo se analiza el sistema actual de acceso de los estudiantes a los estudios de medicina en las universidades públicas y algunas de las cuestiones que suscita el inusitado aumento de facultades de medicina, públicas y privadas, en nuestro país. La importancia de las competencias genéricas en la medicina actual y la necesidad de retomar el diseño troncal en la formación de especialistas son otros de los aspectos que se comentan. También es objeto de análisis el grado de desarrollo de los diplomas de acreditación avanzada y las áreas de capacitación específica. Finalmente, se subrayan la importancia del desarrollo profesional continuo y la idea de recertificación profesional como sistema que garantiza al paciente la calidad de la asistencia que recibe. Abstract: The problems posed by medical education in Spain are diverse. This paper analyzes the system currently used to select candidates who will be admitted to a public faculty of medicine in Spain and some issues arising from the unprecedented increase in both public and private medical schools in our country. The importance of generic competencies in today's medicine and the need to return to a core design in specialist training are other aspects that are discussed. The degree of development of advanced accreditation diplomas and areas of specific competence is also subject to analysis. Finally, the authors emphasize the importance of continuous professional development and the idea of professional recertification as a system that guarantees patients the quality of the care they receive.

Resumen: Las últimas crisis sanitarias han puesto de manifiesto la debilidad de las estructuras de salud pública en España. Las causas son, entre otras, la escasez de recursos económicos y el retraso en su modernización institucional, junto a la debilidad de los procesos formativos y de la empleabilidad. La Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS) ha impulsado la elaboración del Libro blanco de la profesión de salud pública con el objetivo de contribuir a fortalecer el ejercicio profesional. Para ello se han descrito las características sociodemográficas de las asociaciones federadas a SESPAS y se ha analizado el discurso de los profesionales a través de seis grupos focales y 19 entrevistas en profundidad (72 personas). Con este material se realizó una reunión (29 personas) para consensuar conclusiones y recomendaciones. De las 3467 personas pertenecientes a las siete sociedades de SESPAS que proporcionaron datos, alrededor del 60% son mujeres y el 40% tienen menos de 50 años, siendo los estudios de grado de medicina (35,9%), enfermería (17,4%), farmacia y veterinaria (10,4%) los más frecuentes. En las entrevistas y grupos focales se identificaron como temas centrales la formación, la empleabilidad y la carrera profesional. En la reunión final se acordaron 25 conclusiones y 24 recomendaciones que pretenden contribuir a fortalecer a los/las profesionales y la profesión de la salud pública en España. Las relacionadas con la formación, la empleabilidad y la carrera profesional fueron compartidas en un Encuentro en la Escuela de Salud Pública de Menorca con responsables de salud pública del Ministerio de Sanidad y de algunas comunidades autónomas. Abstract: The recent health crises have highlighted the weakness of public health structures in Spain. The causes are, among others, the scarcity of economic resources and the delay in their institutional modernization. In addition, there is the weakness of the training processes and the employability. The Spanish Society of Public Health and Health Administration (SESPAS) has developed a White paper of the public health profession with the aim of contributing to strengthening professional practice. The sociodemographic characteristics of the associations federated to SESPAS have been described and the discourse of professionals has been analyzed through six focus groups and 19 interviews (72 people). To agree on the conclusions and recommendations, a meeting was organized with the participation of 29 participants. The demographic and employment data of the 3467 people belonging to seven SESPAS societies show that, overall, about 60% are women and 40% were under 50 years of age. Undergraduate degrees were medicine (35.9%), nursing (17.4%) and pharmacy and veterinary medicine (10.4%). Key aspects of the meaning of public health, training, employability and career and institutionalization of public health were collected through interviews and focus groups. The final meeting agreed on 25 conclusions and 24 recommendations that aim to contribute to strengthening professionals and the public health profession in Spain. Some of them, related to training, employability and professional career, have been shared in a workshop at the School of Public Health of Menorca with public health officials from the Ministry of Health and some autonomous communities.