Search

This paper analyzes problems that result in an alteration of mood, particularly in the sadness found in people with a serious physical illness at the end of life. The problems and implications of an faulty diagnosis, the confusions associated with a diagnosis of depression, and the importance of differen-tiation between “normal” mood reactions to illness, and pathological reactions, are analyzed. Several studies are reviewed and analyzed that propose the incorporation of a new syndrome to the traditional psychiatric classifications: demoralization. Finally the implications, advantages, and inconveniences of including a demoralization syndrome are discussed.

28 pages, tables, [EN] The precedent paper is based on the study of a series of samples collected in the fresh-waters of NE. Spain, chiefly in the prov. Barcelona and Gerona, from sea level up to 1500 m. altitude. The biotopes selected for study were all of small volume (springs, creeks, rivers, ponds, basins) and, with only 2 exceptions, without phanerogamic vegetation, but sometimes with mosses; complete desiccation for sometime occurs once in the year in many instances. Since a single association was present, or almost exclusively repre- sented, in every biotope, no question arouse on complex or biocenosis problems. The samples were collected in larger spaces as the "minimum volume" of the associations. Different samples collected in the same body of water with quivalent biotic composition were treated as a unique "rélevé". The "rélevés" are grouped in "associations" according to their biotic analogies. Extensive tables will be published separately, and a summary is given in the text. A number of very simple communities that may be treated as initial phases, are briefly summarized too, [ES] Este trabajo es la exposición de los resultados del estudio de una numerosa serie de muestras recogidas los años 1942 a 1945 en diferentes tipos de aguas dulces -manantiales, arroyos, rios, charcas, aljibes, algún embalse- localizadas, la mayor parte de ellas, en las provincias de Barcelona y Gerona y, en menor número, en las de Lérida, Tarragona, Castellón, Huesca y Mallorca. Se excluyen totalmente las aguas salobres y las salinas y el estudio se limita a aquellos biotopos en los cuales no era posible distinguir claramente más de una sola asociación, o bien, caso de existir en el ámbito de la masa de agua un complejo de asociaciones, una sola de estas formaba la casi totlidad de la vegetación. En un par de casos, solamente, las aguas estudiadas alojaban vegetación de fanerógamas. En un mayor número de ocasiones se encontraron briofitas acufiticas formando complejos con ciertas asociaciones de algas y esta coexistencia se indica al tratar de las correspondientes asociaciones

Es difícil poder apreciar hasta dónde alcanza hoy por hoy la influencia de los descubrimientos de Freud y de la mentalidad por ellos plasmada, y, más aun, qué proyecciones pueda tener en el futuro. Empero, es legítimo asegurar que ninguna adquisición de la ciencia contemporánea está llamada a juzgar un papel más importante en la cultura que la correspondiente al Psicoanálisis, ya que, al mismo tiempo, encarna una nueva esfera del saber y un nuevo medio de conocimiento, siendo aquella del dominio más importante de la naturaleza humana: el alma., It's hard to appreciate how far reaching today the influence of Freud's discoveries and mentality embodied by them, and, moreover, what projections might have in the future. But it is legitimate to ensure that any acquisition of contemporary science is called upon to judge a culture more important than that for the Psychoanalysis, and at the same time, embodies a new area of knowledge paper and a new means of knowledge, being that the most important domain of human nature: the soul.

This paper seeks to establish the bases for a possible control of concrete by lots, so that a homogeneous set of specifications can be derived, leading to an efficient and standardised system of quality and performance control., El presente artículo intenta disponer las-bases para un posible sistema de control de hormigones por lotes, de forma que a partir de él se pueda establecer un conjunto homogéneo de normas que permitan un sistema de control eficiente y estandarizado.