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The use of the students' first language (L1) in the foreign language class (FL) is a common but controversial issue that has received little attention. This might be more relevant in the case of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), since, under CLIL approaches, students need to acquire content through an FL that they have not mastered yet. The current paper aims at analysing teachers' uses and perceptions of translanguaging in CLIL classrooms in a primary education context following a case study. Five CLIL primary education teachers from Catalonia participated in the study. They were voice-recorded for several sessions teaching a subject in CLIL with the same class and they also completed a questionnaire. The analysis showed that all the participants used their L1 for a number of purposes. Even though individual perceptions differed, in general, teachers were positive about using translanguaging. CLIL teachers would benefit both from reflecting on their own practices in terms of translanguaging uses and from formal instruction in the matter. [Translation from English by Mercè Rius.]

The teaching of STEAM has been gaining ground in the world of education for some years now. This article presents two fundamental contributions to STEAM literature. The first contribution is the detailed description of a STEAM work experience with secondary school students using Project Based Learning, in which the disciplines of science and art are connected and integrated. To achieve this, connections established among the disciplines corresponding to S, T, E, A and M are analysed. The second contribution presented in this paper is the study of the relationships established between the members of the educational community and the external educational agents (artists, researchers and research centres) involved in the project. These relationships among all the educational agents give rise to important connections relevant to STEAM education. Additionally, an increase in performance and interest in science and technology manifested by the students is analysed in a quantitative way. The students perceive an improvement in certain skills, such as teamwork, creativity, communication and self-evaluation. [Translation from Spanish by Jennifer Martin.]

Previous research indicates that developmental contexts influence language development. These developmental contexts include bilingualism, which is the focus of the current paper. This study analyses the influence that the acquisition of a language, Catalan, has when the simultaneous acquisition of another similar language, Spanish, occurs. This influence is examined according to degree of exposure to the languages. The parents of 801 children completed the Catalan version of the MacArthur-Bates CDI-II questionnaire, which assesses the acquisition of vocabulary, morphology and grammatical complexity. Subjects were divided into three groups according to age and linguistic context (Catalan monolingual, medium bilingual and familiar bilingual). The results do not reveal substantial differences according to linguistic context. However, children aged 26--30 months with a medium bilingual profile show a higher level of vocabulary as compared to the other groups. The results are discussed in relation to the sociolinguistic context, caregiver diversity, typological distance between the languages and developmental stages of language acquisition. [Translation from Spanish by Jennifer Martin.]