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This study focused on identifying learning difficulties with a view to incorporating both understanding of those difficulties and methods for minimizing or neutralizing them in multicultural classroom settings. Discussion gives guidelines for teachers to use in analyzing student concepts and approaches to learning, particularly in the question-and-answer format. (Contains 56 references.) (CNP)

Techniques for using children's rhymes, games, tongue twisters, and fables in Spanish to teach bilingual education classes are described. It is argued that these abundant materials serve as natural sources for authentic Spanish from a variety of Hispanic cultures. With the appeal of rhythm, rhyme, and game-like feeling, they can be used to teach expressive vocabulary, numbers, colors, pronunciation, language rhythm, and even the use of accents while amusing students. Examples given here include short poems, a counting game, a color drill, a tongue twister, a proverb, three fables by different authors, a group guessing game, a short saying about accents, and an exercise in which students in a group create a story by chaining sentences. (MSE)

Intended as a contribution to a workshop discussion on program evaluation in higher education, the paper covers five major evaluation issues. First, it deals with evaluation concepts, explaining the purposes of evaluation; pertinent terms; and the sources of evaluation in public health procedures, the scientific method, the systems approach, and General Systems Theory. Second, the paper explains evaluation criteria for postgraduate programs, noting objectives and means (such as interviews, questionnaires, and meetings), and citing five objective indicators of quality: academic productivity; quality of educational staff, students, and program support; and the relationship between the program and its environment. Third, the paper describes an evaluation method that examines a program's requirements, support, and results and the variables pertaining to program initiation, maintenance, and outcome. The section includes seven guidelines for an evaluation procedure. Fourth, the paper discusses evaluating Master's-level Central American postgraduate programs, noting that evaluations are possible on internal and external instrumental and internal and external institutional levels. The section includes questions designed to determine the potential academic quality of a program. Finally, the paper presents six general suggestions for evaluating the quality of postgraduate programs. (SB)

This paper explains that materials on the teaching of Latin-American literature are sparse, even though most researchers in the field will dedicate much of their time to teaching. The paper adds that, in scholarly journals, little attention is given to teaching literature, and the topic is also absent from most academic congresses. The paper then considers teaching methods, and when certain subjects and topics should be taught, i.e., whether on undergraduate, master's, or doctoral level. It discusses the Latin-American literary canon and the organization of the various available literary histories elaborated by individual authors during the past 25 years--these histories number 34. The paper focuses on general works but also includes works on specific aspects of the Latin-American narrative. According to the paper, most histories are elaborated in one of 5 ways: by periods and literary technique; by generations; narrative as a search for cultural identity; analysis of specific texts; and reader response and interpretation. The paper considers the histories by diachronic and synchronic perspectives--diachronic being those organized by countries, authors, generations, cycles, etc.; synchronic being those organized by identity and mask, narrative structure, short story theory, etc. The paper also discusses narrative literature which is viewed as marginal to the canon, such as that written by women, epistolar narrative, ultra-short stories, and that produced by Hispanic Americans. The paper concludes by suggesting some teaching techniques. Contains 35 references and an appended history of Mexican narrative in the 20th century. (NKA)

This document provides guidelines and procedures, in Spanish and English, for Head Start teachers in taking care of children with AIDS, or children who are HIV positive, and their families. The goal of the guide is to maximize participation of infected children in the Head Start program. The guide presents activities in three main stages: pre-enrollment, direct services, and health education. In the pre-enrollment stage, an interdisciplinary team presents orientation to the children's parents, requests parents' written authorization to share the information and interviews with parents about their children's health. In the direct services stage, a nurse examines children's state of health, including physical, medical, and dental treatment. A nutritionist, food service personnel, and health services coordinator give instructions on food handling, sanitation, hand washing, and health guidelines. In the health education stage, the interdisciplinary team provides training for personnel, parents, and the community for the purpose of disseminating information about AIDS, diseases of children with AIDS, health, nutrition, and hygiene problems. Other program components, such as psychological and special services, are also discussed, along with the staff position responsible for implementation. Two appendixes contain the parent authorization form and a description of the role of the case management system, which offers or coordinates needed assistance services of children with HIV/AIDS. The Spanish version also contains a list of agencies providing HIV/AIDS services for children and their families and a brief outline of the Federal Privacy Act of 1974. (AP)

This document consists of three issues (1994) of a Spanish language periodical directed at elementary and middle school-aged children. Contained in these periodicals are a variety of activities designed to encourage the reader to learn and practice the Spanish language. Each issue focuses on a particular topic, e.g., "The Spring,""Inventions and Discoveries," and "My District." Issue 5 features four activities centered around clouds: (1) "Many Types of Clouds; (2) "Identification of Clouds"; (3) "Clear Days, Clear Nights"; and (4) "Clouds in Three Dimensions." Some of the topics in Issue 6 are: (1) "I Learn about Paper"; (2) "I Find Information"; and (3) "I Work with Paper." Issue 7 is divided into the following sections: (1) information concerning a district in Los Angeles, California; (2) preparation of dossiers of information on one's own district; and (3) details of the information dossiers on one's own neighborhood. Each one of these sections contains pictures, questions to be answered, and activities to be performed by the young readers to sharpen their skills in Spanish. Activities include things to do, games to play, reading, information to learn, subjects to investigate, and drawing. (CK)