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Electrical energy is as one of the important effective factors on economic growth and development. In recent decades, numerous studies in different countries to estimate and forecast electricity demand in different parts of the economy have been made. In this paper, using the method ARDL, estimation and forecasting of electricity demand in the services sector of Iran are determined for the time period from 1983 to 2012. Estimated equations show that the added value of the services sector and a significant positive impact on the demand for electricity in this sector. The price elasticity for services sector is smaller than 1 due to low electricity prices and subsidized electricity. Hence, electricity prices have little impact on the demand for electricity. The results of the estimate represents a long-term relationship between the variables in the services sector. In this paper, based on amendments to the law on subsidies and estimated values, anticipated electricity demand until the end of the fifth development plan was carried out. The results indicate an increase in power consumption in the services sector.

This paper presents a family of bacteria called Geobacter that have the ability to produce power as a renewable source in a microbial fuel cell. These bacteria can completely oxidize organic compounds using different elements or substances as electron acceptors. The paper addresses key features of the bacteria, the mechanisms used to harness the electricity generated and an approximation of the system required to become a competitive source of renewable energy. The results show a comparative analysis of sources of conventional and unconventional energy with respect to the Geobacter family of bacteria.

In my paper I would like to outline the electric genesis of the school of Romantic literature which emerged in the years 1820-1830 in Poland. I analyze literary metaphors covering the subject of electricity in works of Adam Mickiewicz, and the theory of romantic literature belonging to Maurycy Mochnacki who explained the importance of literature in the context of electricity. I claim that the key impulses for the emergence of a new sensitivity were introduced through scientific speculation about the nature and operation of electricity by Polish and Western scientists. The metaphor of electricity designated this invisible, but active force in the world of dead matter. It became an allegory for the activist that shares its soul with nature. It was synonymous with fire and in early popularization practices it was described simply as “heavenly fire”. Furthermore, it designated the role of cognizing subject. In romantic theory the action of speculative reason, the unfettered force of penetration of matter resembles the effect of free, electric power in the ether. Due to such speculative, metaphysical meanings the metaphor of electricity was a key element of romantic imagination, marking the social and cultural experience.

ABSTRACT The successful in the implementation of wind turbines depends on several factors, including: the wind resource at the installation site, the equipment used, project acquisition and operational costs. In this paper, the production of electricity from two small wind turbines was compared through simulation using the computer software HOMER - a national model of 6kW and an imported one of 5kW. The wind resources in three different cities were considered: Campinas (SP/BR), Cubatão (São Paulo/BR) and Roscoe (Texas/ USA). A wind power system connected to the grid and a wind isolated system - batteries were evaluated. The results showed that the energy cost ($/kWh) is strongly dependent on the windmill characteristics and local wind resource. Regarding the isolated wind system – batteries, the full supply guarantee to the simulated electrical load is only achieved with a battery bank with many units and high number of wind turbines, due to the intermittency of wind power.

Abstract Introduction: the effects on human health of environmental changes brought about by the installation of a hydroelectric power plant may be physical or mental. Objective: to identify health impacts from the implementation of the Foz do Chapecó Hydroelectric Power Plant in the perspectives of the affected families. Methodology: a qualitative study was conducted with farming families affected by the reservoir of the Foz do Chapecó Hydroelectric Power Plant. Results: the transformation of the environment generated impacts on human health engendering illnesses like depression, hypertension, insomnia, and alcoholism. Conclusion: results presented in this paper indicate that, in addition to environmental and social aspects, questions relating to the health of the affected population must be taken into account when assessing the impacts generated by the installation of a hydroelectric power plant.

Privatization of electricity distribution in Brasil had, as one of its stated purposes, generation of sufficient revenue to guarantee service quality and full market coverage. Theoretical considerations point towards the possible tendency to underinvestment and to quality deterioration under price-cap rate regulation, which is the system adopted for the segment of captive consumers. This paper offers an analysis of the observed performance of COELBA since its privatization, in order to assess the firms behavior with respect to investment and service quality. The observed results do not contradict the theoretical expectation of underinvestment. There is evidence that investment since privatization was sufficient to improve the firms performance with respect to its own past results; nevertheless, investment was insufficient to raise service quality to the standards of the best utilities in the country.

Este trabalho busca retratar a distribuição de intercorrências nas comunidades indígenas no Brasil associadas à geração e à distribuição da energia elétrica. De acordo com dados da Fundação Nacional do Índio, há 156 áreas geograficamente distribuídas no país caracterizadas por afetarem, presente ou futuramente, assentamentos indígenas através da expansão do setor elétrico - 65% das quais situadas na Região Norte. As principais reclamações destas comunidades dizem respeito aos efeitos diretos acarretados pelo alagamento originado com a construção das barragens hidroelétricas: submersão de territórios sagrados (como cemitérios); proliferação de mosquitos (ampliando a difusão da malária e de outras doenças infecciosas); escassez de caça; restrição das terras para a agricultura; e a criação de condições facilitadoras da invasão de terras indígenas. O cenário de perspectivas futuras é esboçado em quadro marcado pelo planejamento da construção de novas usinas hidrelétricas - em especial, na região amazônica - com possíveis efeitos similares nas comunidades indígenas.This paper presents an overview of the effects of electric power generation and transmission on indigenous communities in Brazil. According to data from FUNAI (the Brazilian government's Board of Indian Affairs), there are 156 cases of direct impact, present or future, of the electric power sector on Indian settlements geographically distributed throughout Brazil, 65% of which are located in the Northern Region of the country. The principal complaints by indigenous communities relate to the direct effects of flooding following construction of hydroelectric dams, destruction of sacred sites like cemeteries, mosquito proliferation, and health-related hazards such as malaria and other infectious diseases, decrease in game for hunting, crowding out of farm land, and increased invasion of indigenous lands. Future perspectives include a scenario with further construction of hydroelectric dams, especially in the Amazon region, with possible similar effects on indigenous communities.