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This paper explores the nexus between Translation Studies and Oral History on Romanian communism. As such, it aims to map out the challenges posed by the translation of historical interviews from Romanian into English. More specifically, inspired by Portelli’s theoretical framework, the paper illustrates the orality of transcribed historical accounts by bringing into focus their rich imagery. To instantiate the case, relevant data have been extracted from two main books on the era: Memorial of pain: darkness and light, by Hossu Longin, 2013 and The Survivors: testimonies from Romanian communist prison, by Anca & Raul Ştef,2014.

The current paper represents a partial bibliography about the life and the works of Publius Ovidius Naso, reflected in the papers written between 2001-2017. The bibliographic inventory made in the bimillennial year of the death of the great Latin poet exiled at Tomis contains reviews, text quotations, monographies, translations and evocations dedicated to Ovidius

This paper starts from the premise that interrogative structures have significant impact on verbal behaviour and human behaviour, in general. Our analysis of this particular type of discourse is based on the assertions of E. Benveniste, according to whom interrogation is one of the fundamental speech acts of interhuman behaviour, alongside of assertion and imperative structures.

This paper aims to comparatively present the means of expressing intensity in Romanian and Spanish from a predominantly synchronic perspective, without neglecting the importance of the diachronic study of language facts and the etymological clarifications, where needed. We have chosen to discuss only one aspect of the complex act of evaluation, more specifically, the means of rendering highest and lowest intensity, because of the complexity of this phenomenon which constantly expands its linguistic encoding forms.

Observing new findings and directions in the field, the present paper approaches the development of research methods in neology in Romanian. It means to explore new methods and strategies for gathering valuable linguistic material using innovative methods based on social networks communication and crowdsourcing. The main objectives of the present study, the first in a series of three on this subject, are to observe if it is possible to apply the strategies of crowdsourcing to the analysis of neologism in Romanian and to present the main findings about the presence of neologisms related to touchscreen gestures in Romanian. We think that the conclusions of the present paper will illustrate the way the native speakers of Romanian adapt and use new loan words.

The present paper aims at analysing some specific aspects regarding the functioning of compliment and self - compliment - speec h acts belonging to the category of positively perceived expressives - in a literary text, Nicolae Filimon‟s novel “ Ciocoii vechi şi noi ” 1 . The purpose of the paper is to highlight the role of these subtypes of speech acts in contouring a human typology cha racterized by a specific relational system. The following parameters are taken into account: the environment in which the speech acts are produced, the target addressees, the object of the speech acts (concrete or abstract, moral or physical features of th e addressee) and the value ( inherently positive or attributed by the speaker) of the elements that mark the illocutionary force as positive. In the novel under consideration, there is a dichotomy between the characters with high moral qualities and the par venus – a social type definitory for the Phanariot times. Author‟s intention is to emphasize the victory of good and healthy moral principles.

Any theoretical analysis of a fragment of reality is carried out by means of abstract models and aims to capture the specificity of a phenomenon. Theorising may nevertheless prove insufficient if its descriptive analysis is not doubled by the establishment of regularities, so that the current state of the phenomenon and its subsequent evolution may be explained. This general framework also includes linguistic intensification, which reveals one’s permanent need to evaluate everything that enters one’s sphere of perception: objects, beings, states, processes etc. The means of expressing “intensity” are most diverse and, implicitly, sensitive to any type of nuancing of the speaker, because it uncloses the shape its mental representation socially takes. This paper aims to highlight a certain aspect in the complex act of evaluation, namely expressing highest/lowest intensity by means of suffixes. The study relies on the analysis of two modern related languages, Romanian and Spanish, and the corpus has been essentially selected from the most modern form of human communication, the computer-mediated one.

Taboo words usually reflect nonverbal taboos of cultural, religious or social realities. Speakers tend to avoid them and replace them by using euphemistic phrases or idioms. The present paper describes the evolutionary stages of a specific meaning for German notions related to madness and idiocy. It also focuses other aspects of language use for political correctness and for purposes of detabooisation.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the use of different types of set phrases (idiomatic or non-idiomatic) in English and Albanian. The paper is divided into two main parts; one reveals some theoretical background information about set phrases in both lang uages, and the other is more analytical by trying to collect concrete examples. It is based on the novel The Fifth Child (2001) by Doris Lessing and its Albanian variant Fëmija i pestë (2007) translated by Etleva Pushi. The main strategy for translating se t phrases from English into Albanian is that of paraphrase. The others include idiom to idiom translation (similar in meaning and form or similar in meaning, but dissimilar in form) and omission. This is the best way to contrast these units and discover si milarities and differences that exist among them.

The current academic economic paradigm is shaped by the actual economic schools of thoughts and the systems of generating economic knowledge – universities, research institutions, academic publishing actors and business elites. The cumulated contributions of these actors have transformed economics into a mature science whose practical and governance implications were tested by the 2008 world financial crisis. The challenges faced in these times by governments, households and businesses have severely questioned both orthodox and non orthodox economic wisdom and the legitimacy of the economist as a professional. Irrespective of their economic orientation, most economists have agreed that the models of socio-economic development should be revisited, with a high need of a focus on the moral and ethical standards of the human, economic and political actions. The purpose of this paper is to analyse some of the major inconsistencies that the current academic economic paradigm is perpetuating through its systems of generating economic knowledge, mainly universities and research institutions. From the methodological point of view this paper uses a qualitative analysis, based on a conceptual and highly explorative approach.

The aim of this paper is to highlight one of the frequently discussed periods of the Albanian history; that of the years between 1921 and 1939, whose said and unsaid facts have very frequently been misjudged. Its focus is to bring evidence of the way English visitors, writers, missionaries and journalists of the time have perceived the religious co-existence and the problems that accompanied it, the formal measures undertaken by the government to improve the spiritual relations and the sharp contradictions between both main religious faiths at the time. The paper will also bring evidence of other religious sects in Albania and the way they worshiped God through symbols, customs and principles, which made them a means of introducing light and knowledge even in the most remote areas of the country. The data, descriptions and analysis have been mainly withdrawn from books, published diaries and articles written by foreign visitors of the time or later historians of the Albanian life.

A consequence of the multi linguistics is the apparent facilitation of the scientific communication in the international community, through the quasi-unconditioned loan of the terms from one language to another. But the loan is not without lexical-semantic variations that can affect considerably the accuracy of the scientific communication. This theory is demonstrated in the present paper, mainly, by introducing the concept lexical-semantic discrepancy. To exemplify we chose the economic domain, where the mentioned phenomenon is very frequent. This paper deals with economic Romanian terms proceeded from French, but characterized by lexical-semantic discrepancies, sometimes difficult to see at first sight (Rom. afacere; business / Fr. affaire ; Rom. marca; brand / Fr. marque ; Rom. promovare; promotie / Fr. promotion ). The linguistic analysis proves that the similarities between the respective terms are associated with lexical-semantic discrepancies that can affect the accuracy in communication. The results of this analysis are useful for avoiding the mentioned negative effect.

Compared to the Habsburg era, when Yiddish writings were hardly printed in Bukovina – due to the centralized policy of Vienna and the openness towards integration and assimilation on the part of numerous Bukovinian Jews, as well as because of the status of Yiddish as the language of uneducated Jews – the Yiddish printing industry, as well as the Yiddish libraries didn’t develop until the early 1920s, simultaneously with the emergence of national identity concepts. This paper is based on descriptive research and discusses the importance of these institutions in shaping trajectories of cultural, national and linguistic identities.

The old discussion about the purpose of translations in shaping a culture has been very often revisited in the last decades. This paper provides a number of examples, some very substantial, capable of illustrating the valences of translations. Even when they are not very successful, translations may change the mentalities of the receiving community, may entail the foundation of a great literature, may save a language from death or, in any case, may delay its natural disappearance, may sustain an ideology. The liberation from the ‘pure language’ of the original is a gain for both the source text and the target text.

An in-depth study on the functioning of schools in the Democratic Republic of Congo reveals a certain indiscipline to varying degrees to such an extent that this situation negatively influences the teaching-learning process. In this study, we aim to identify the factors undermining the education authority in a school learning situation in schools in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This paper leads to some concrete proposals for improving the teachinglearning process by re-establishing the educational authority, particularly the viable relation between teacher and pupil.

This paper tries to synthesise the evolution and specificity of Latin mythology. Its primitive forms were mostly rural, with minor indigenous deities, and consisted mainly of ritual for practical purposes (invoking protection for agricultural crops, wars and family). An absorption of the rich Greek and Oriental mythological corpus followed. In the imperial age, in Rome, “there are so many gods that it is easier to meet one than it is to find a man” (Petronius Arbiter). A large part of this heterogeneous and complex corpus was inherited by the European Romanic and non-Romanic peoples. All around, written culture has copiously fed on traditional unwritten mythology.

“LOVERS-FRIENDS”, THE ALTERNATIVE TO EROS? A PARATOPIC INTERPRETATION OF THE COUPLE IN PANAÏT ISTRATI’S ONCLE ANGHEL AND PRÉSENTATION DES HAÏDOUCS Panaït Istrati used to grant a considerable place on his oeuvre to his experience and thought. However, their impact on his love and couple’s representations remains littleknown yet despite their influence on the writer’s paratopias, on his Oncle Anghel and Présentation des haïdoucs and on their originality. This paper aims to examine the effects of two paratopias on the vision of Oncle Anghel and Présentation des haïdoucs on the couple’s love and to measure its originality, compared to the author’s first plots and contextualized in the period of the interwar.

R. K. Narayan is regarded as one of India’s great short story writers. He portrays his characters in the background of local towns and its surrounding environment. Initially, they seem mundane but as the story progresses they emerge as representative of Narayan’s ideology. This is clearly reflected in the case of both major and minor characters. The minor characters in Narayan’s stand tall along with their peculiar qualities such as enduring personality, witty dialogues, positive approach and amicable behaviour and attitude. This research paper is based on descriptive research and discusses importance and contribution of minor characters in the select short stories of R. K. Narayan.

The basic assumption underlying this paper is the deficit in the culture of reading literary works exhibited by the school population in the city of Kananga. This study deals with this phenomenon with a view to specifying the causes and determining its impact on the population in question. A possible solution will be suggested in terms of the appropriate pedagogy that should remedy this deficit. The purpose of this work is not to assess the culture of reading, but rather to identify and research the causes and impact on the target population. Le présent article a comme postulat le déficit de la culture de la lecture des œuvres littéraires manifesté par la population scolarisée de la ville de Kananga. Cette étude s’appesantit sur ce phénomène afin d’en spécifier des causes et déterminer son impact sur la population concernée. Une piste de solution sera proposée en termes de pédagogie appropriée pour remédier à ce déficit.Le but de ce travail n’est pas d’évaluer la culture de la lecture, mais plutôt de l’identifier et d’en rechercher les causes et l’impact sur la population cible

In this paper we shall analyze several examples of morphological and syntactic calques taken from the Russian language, used in oral and written communication by the Romanian-speaking population in the historical province Bessarabia, the present-day Republic of Moldova. Unlike semantic calques, the morphological loan translations we have identified in source texts are less numerous, because the morphological structure of the language is not so receptive to foreign influences as its lexical structure. In terms of the morphological loan translations, we have chosen to contrastively analyze the forms resulting from calquing the reflexive diathesisin Russian. The constructions with an obligatory reflexive are taken after the Russian language, when, in fact, the literary Romanian language norm often recommends the use of the active voice.The syntactic loan translations we have identified are much more numerous as compared to the morphological ones and, most of the times, they reside in imitating case relationships according to the Russian language pattern

This paper aims to analyze the actantial structure of eventive verbs, obtained by the derivational formula prefix + nominal base (noun/adjective/numeral) +lexical grammatical suffix], included in the general class of change-of-stateverbs, characterized by the [+ dynamic] feature, such as a se înnoi (‘to renew’), a se înălbi (‘to whiten’), a se întări (‘to harden’), a înflori (‘to blossom’),a se îmbogăţi (“to grow rich”), highly frequent in old Romanian. Our corpus consists of representative texts –originals and translations –from the early age of the literary Romanian language, comprising the 1532-1640 and 1640-1780 stages. Our approach aims, on the one hand, to identify the actants this classes of verb allow, considering the syntactic pattern of transitive and intransitive verbs, and, on the other hand, to describe the thematic roles they impose on the nominal, depending on their semantic-syntactic matrix, based on the scheme of semantic functions (arguments), such as patient, experiencer

The present paper discusses the issues of identity and alterity (or otherness) in the novel Europolis, published in 1933 by the Romanian author Jean Bart, which represents a social fresco of Sulina, a Danube port city with about 5000 inhabitants of many nationalities at the time. The starting point is the question of how identity is generated within the narrative progression of the novel. Images of identity/alterity that emerge in the course of the plot are being examined, focusing on the mechanisms of dependence of one’s identity on others and the key motifs of differentiation between the self and the other.

This paper attempts at examining the compatibility of Fernand Braudel’s theory of capitalism and European economic growth to preexisting theories (Marx, Sombart, Polanyi ,…) in order to understand the extent to which these theories might be combined for building a ‘synthetic’ theory of capitalism. The ultimate goal would be to develop a testable, multi-factorial theory of historical change in social and economic history, of which the confrontation of concepts and frameworks is only a prerequisite.

Reading original texts can be a very difficult endeavor for students of modern languages. Courses in literature or linguistics often come short due to poor reading and comprehensive skills of the students. This paper presents a new approach to reading techniques using a simple grammar analysis of texts. It aims to show how two apparently different fields of study can converge in order to simplify understanding, to enhance creativity of expression and augment academic communication.

Starting from the classic ethical problems and reviewing the modern regulated ethical norms regarding freedom of speech and its limitations in media communication, the current paper aims to verify the following hypotheses in media communication: (1) Alerting European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) of the infringement on freedom of speech entails a positive response for journalists who fight for this right, (2) Press censorship is the result of editorial policy and the political orientation of the press, which can generate mass resignations of journalists, (3) The more politicised the media institutions, the more limited the right to freedom of speech is for journalists.

The present paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the way in which the oral history interview can organize knowledge about communism in Romania. The data are retrieved from the book Memorialul Durerii: Întuneric şi lumină (2013) compiled by author Iulia Hossu Longin from dozens of oral history interviews with survivors of communism. As the examination demonstrates, the first element commanding attention is memory. Hence, oral history shifts the focus from memory as object to memory as subject, or as a source of investigation per se. Secondly, the analysis reveals how the extensive use of lists structures knowledge about Romanian communism in an intelligible and insightful way. These lists not only provide a window on the communist experience but they also bring the individual -fighting against the regime - into the foreground.

The purpose of the current paper is to analyse, through qualitative and quantitative analysis of media discourse, of the degree of information vs. misinformation, or of the ethical content and ethical misdemeanours in media coverage of the protests generated by the adoption of GEO 13 in Romania, in the period between January and February 2017. Digital catalogues represent on-line sources, public institutions’ websites, social networks or public and private national media platforms from Romania which have broadcasted information regarding the street demonstrations as forms of protest or as effect of the communication and of political decisions. We propose to analyse the manner in which journalism discourse is lead or it is not lead by respect towards truth and values, by ethical self-restraint, in the endeavour of a criticism that is free from certain interests imposed by editorial politics.

In this work, I will explain the notion of intentionality from the point of view of perception and in particular, the immediate mental constitution of objects. To do this, I will follow the works of the Franciscan theologian and philosopher, Pierre de Jean Olivi (1248 - 1298). I will explain the general context, namely the debates surrounding the Eucharist, the difference between transubstantiation and consubstantiation, and the Latin term “species." I will then focus on the problem of intention and its medieval sources in addition to the defence of its immediacy according to de Jean Olivi. In the end, this paper demonstrates an attempt at understanding the structure of human ideas by observing the major problem of intentionality in the mediaeval age.

The present paper emphasizes the difficulties in translating philosophical texts in general, with a special interest in Romania n translations of German philosophical writings. The focus was set on one of the late works of Arthur Schopenhauer, [ Aphorisms on ] The Wisdom of Life , and on its Romanian translation, with the purpose of contrastively and diachronically analysing the vario us existent versions of the translation and their influence on the development of the target - language (Romanian). The types of analysis which have been used in our research are description and contrastive typology. Various versions of the Romanian transl ation of the Aphorisms have been compared with the original text and with one another, in order to diachronically analyse the translation methods and strategies that were used in the process of transposing the German original text into an adequate Romanian one. The analysis in the present study concentrated on the word class of verbs and had the purpose of understanding the way various elements of this word class correspond with their Romanian equivalents and of drawing conclusions regarding a possible typo logy of translation strategies used for them.

This paper analyzes the first Italian translation of Gogol's short story "The Coat," published 1903 by Giuseppe Loschi. Its comparison with the French translation of Léon Golschmann and Ernest Jaubert (1896) shows that G. Loschi was clearly inspired by the latter: the literal coincidences, lexical and syntactic, the same changes and reductions of the original text and the same mistakes cannot be random. But the Italian translator is even more radical, stopping the narrative at the death of the protagonist and favoring an ethical-religious, moralizing reading of the work of Gogol.

This paper aims to highlight some of the basic traits which have defined Scandinavian education ever since the 19th century. At the same time, we will point out some influences exerted by t he values and principles of Scandinavian education on the appearance and development of folk art schools in Romania in the interwar period. Through the contribution of Bucharest‟s Monographic School run by D. Gusti, the principles of the Scandinavian schoo l principles were adapted to the Romanian 20th century cultural space and education, and their influence has endured even to the present day

Having in mind the recen t debates on literary legitimacy, my aim is a brief discussion of the social relevance of literature before and after the fall of communism in Romania. The first part of the paper offers a survey of the critical role of literary fiction in the communist so cieties from Eastern Europe, with a particular look at the Romanian case. The second part aims to investigate if and by which means post - communist Romanian literature regains its social relevance. A brief look at novels written in the 2000s by a young gene ration of writers highlights their concern with the transition period or the 1989 revolution, offering a polemical, though fictional point of view on post - communist society and recent history. The conclusion states that these authors deconstruct collective narratives and clichés drawing attention to the way in which they are embedded in the discourses which define the public sphere.

This paper samples the dynamic phenomenon of the portmanteau words frequently occurring in the current Romanian advertising speech: more exactly, those portmanteau words that are based on commercial names (i.e. brand, and product names respectively, which should be distinguished one from the other). Thus, we noticed that in advertisements not only commercial names themselves could often be formed by the same lexical and/or phonetic processes as the portmanteaus, but also most of them have, in turn, a brand name as one of the forming constituents, whilst the other category, based on product names, are less frequent

The present paper examines a number of effective techniques aimed at building fluent reading skills in the foreign language in a communicative class context. With part icular reference to students of English, but applicable to any foreign language reading course, we analyse the psycholinguistic processes involved in reading in a second language, as well as the principles underlying the student pedagogy best suited to the training of reading skills. Proposing an integrated skills approach to reading, we provide an overview of communicative classroom techniques and tasks which reflect the purposeful, task - based, interactive nature of real life reading and approximate to cog nitive reality, to the cognitive experience which a fluent reader inherently brings to and derives out of a text.

This paper aims to discuss the connection between the concept of “autofiction” and the gender category of the “feminine”, by looking back at the interwar distinction between “masculine” and “feminine” literatures, active in several European cultural spaces. There are more meanings assigned to the “feminine”, in the critical discourses on “autofiction” emerged in the latest decades, out of which we singled out three: the literal, the cultural (or the metonymic), and the literary (or the metaphorical). Last but not least, a connection between the Rom anian autofiction and the globalized literary phenomenon will be sketched out, in terms of themes tackled by the writers and critics.

In the present paper we propose to analyze the occurrences of the prepositions in the Romanian anthroponymic structures in relation to the situation in other Romance languages: French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. Our research aims to establish the typolo gy of the anthroponyms, focussing on prepositional occurrences in those onomastic structures and to classify the compound anthroponyms into several structural patterns, taking into account their components (the lexical – grammatical classes the preposition combines with) and the place of the preposition in that structure (in initial or medial position) etc. Starting from an inventory of compound anthroponyms containing prepositions, the present research seeks to highlight the specificity of Romanian anthrop onomy: a great number of prepositions functioning as anthroponymic components as well as a wide range of combinations at the level of structure.

Starting from the basic concept of territorial capital (all economic, cultural, environmental and social assets that ensure the potential development of the characterized area, i.e. the region), in the context of the development of business ecosystems, in relation to the new Sustainable Development Goals, and in view of the focus on a more sensitiv e cultural approach, the paper describes these concepts, and their possible connection to regional growth.

Our paper aimes to show that the work of Eminescu is built on an antropogonical background and from this derives, what G. Calinescu and T. Vianu, names c osmogony and sociogony. Like great spirits of universal culture, the poet try to reveal to himself not only the divine mistery, but, first of all, the human one. Eminescu define human being like a "part" of 'whole", who is liable to himself to know his own condition and his talents. Being a complex and also contradictory, made of raw material and spirit, human has to learn to die in order to achieve one important thing: understanding that he is a "part" blessed with divene characteristics. In another wor ds, the human being must become aware that his meaning in this world is to live beyond by his limits.

This paper deal s with an aspect of the iconographic selection in Moldavian mural paintings (15th - 16th centuries). Instigated by cases which insert monks in the program of the bay linking the apse to the naos, the analysis tries to reveal the strategies of including monas tic presences in the naos, to point at several late byzantine parallels and to advance an interpretation for this peculiar option. Its diverse contexts involve also slight changes of meaning, which are addressed as well. The iconographic syntax at stake in vites to „erudite‟ analysis, but a more flexible exploration, aware of the oral aspect of cultural transmission, might prove just as suitable.

This paper aims to assess the challenging role of post - communist critical and theoretical revisions for the literary canon legitimized under communism. Special attention will be given, therefore, to the so - called “East - ethical revisionism”, th eoretical direction which, beyond the interpretative excesses involved, brings a necessary resizing of the relation between aesthetics (the autonomy of art) and ethics (the political compromise literature assumes). Although these revisions generated the mo st acid cultural polemics of the '90s, practical results delay so much that the analysis of their inertia becomes a substantial issue of the current Romanian canonical debate. A good way of access to these interpretative jams remains Monica Lovinescu's cri tical activity, because Eugen Lovinescu's daughter acquires the role of coordinator of the “East - ethical revisionism”.

The paper looks at the spatial manifestations of violence, aiming to define the category of spatial violence by focusing on the recent urban history of Bucharest; it establishes links with the longer history of natural and inflicted disasters that defined the city, and it explores the spatial, urban, social and symbolical conflicts that occured during the last 25 years, pointing at their consequences on the social and urban substance of the city.

Drawing heavily on archival research, the paper analyses the formation of the discourse of socialist realism in Romanian post-war art. A questionnaire on socialist realism to which a number of artists responded in 1948 provides an intermediate phase that brought together more types of language and conceptions of art and reveals how the Soviet model was grafted onto local interwar theories.

The present paper examines the main principles governing the development of speaking skills in learners of English at all levels, through the optic of the Communicative Approach. Dwelling on the importance of teacher and student attitudes towards classroom communication, of ensuring an adequate class atmosphere and context for mea ningful communication, the present author goes on to discuss the most relevant and productive fluency-building activities and techniques meant to train students for meaningful self-expression and communication.

The paper aims to demonstrate the way food can reflect peoples‘ beliefs and mentalities. We analyze the myth of paradise through the legendary image of the Blajini (the Gentle ones), an ascetic community which appears linked to the Easter celebration. We a lso bring into discussion the tale of Alexander the Great, the myth of Pays de Cocagne and some other Romanian and European writings which concern images of heaven and hell. Each food and each context of feeding presented indicate the different ways in whic h people understand happiness.

The present study focuses on the main types of Romanian-Hungarian bilingualism in the old epoch of Romanian language taking into account some of the causes which gave rise to them. Another concern of the paper refers to the consequences of this very biling ualism on the development of Romanian language in terms of its malleability towards the incorporation of Hungarian phonetic properties and lexical elements, on the one hand, and in terms of the borrowings‘ treatment and adaptive mechanisms, on the other hand.

Fericire (happiness) – conceptualization and lexicalization in Early Modern Romanian. The paper deals with the conceptualization and lexicalization of the prototypical affect / fericire /[/ happiness /] during the Early Modern Romanian period ; based on a case study (Dinicu Golescu‘s text, Însemnarea călătoriii mele / Notes on my travel, 1824 - 1826, representative for the period in discussion), we shall analyse, from a contextual - semantic perspective, the words corresponding to the concept of happiness. These terms put forward a new conceptual - semantic dimension of happiness [Rom. fericire], culturally and historically justified (the orientation toward the Western values of the Enlightenment): happiness as moral ideal, as goal value. The concept is thus refined and the words (fericire, fericit) acquire new meanings that can be contextually decoded. The case of happiness is exponential for the general cultural, historical and linguistic mutations that emerge in the Romanian Principalities within the process of transition to modernity

The Russians communist theoreticians have assigned an important role for the cinema - one of the propaganda vectors. Easy to understand, spectacular and glamorous had all the right attributes to convey the message of a new world. In this set up, the role of the female characters, divas had their well-defined place. This paper will present the powerful story of feminine heroism during the war, a heroism inspired by the admiration for a fictitious character. In this endeavor I will travel in time and present the building pillars of the story and its impact with the public at the time.

This article aims at representing the lexical corpus of English and Albanian languages with the lexical unit „heart”. As idioms with body parts constitute one of the most important sources in both languages, idioms with „heart” are part of this category. Through a contrastive analysis of the semantics and structure of the idiomatic expressions, this study sought to explore similar or/and identical and different structures in both languages. To achieve the aim of this paper data are drawn from the Albanian phraseological dictionary of J. Thomai (218 uni ts with heart) and more than 100 idiomatic expressions are extracted from the English lexical corpus mainly from two dictionaries. Through an empirical study of their underlying conceptual metaphors, phraseological units are also analyzed in terms ofthe cu lture and mentality of both nations.

By the second half of the nineteenth century, Romania`s cultural and architectural background was facing one of the most significant transformations in its history until today, being clearly influenced by the French model. Perhaps the best known French architect who worked in Romania at the time was Paul Gottereau, his work still being representative today when referring to some of the most characteristic Modern Era architecture in our country. He created a vast public and residential architecture, responding to both the private needs of the aristocracy, as to the ones of the Royal Crown in the new Kingdom of Romania. This paper tries to portrait the lost image of the architect t hrough some of his most important works, at the same time as presenting several unknown aspects concerning his biography.