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Este artigo visa apresentar como os veículos de mídia brasileiros apareceram na cobertura dos principais jornais e agências de notícias internacionais que trabalharam no país durante os anos do Regime Militar (1964-1985). Com este trabalho historiográfico, a pesquisa apresentada permite que se ampliem estudos sobre: as distinções entre os métodos de censura aplicados a veículos nacionais e internacionais; o decorrer das mudanças nas políticas externas brasileiras e estadunidenses ao longo dos 21 anos de ditadura, refletidas no jornalismo transnacional; a evolução midiática nacional e sua influência política, considerando as alterações no modelo jornalístico, outorgadas pela realidade da Guerra Fria. Este artigo ambiciona uma proposta interdisciplinar e transnacional para o objeto oferecido.

Chile es un caso emblemático en la apertura de la educación superior al libre mercado y en la reformulación de las lógicas que regulan la producción científica en las universidades. Esto se traduce en un sistema de gestión del personal académico orientado por bonos de productividad asociados a las publicaciones de alto impacto, distribución de fondos de investigación condicionados a la productividad de investigadores y jerarquización de las tareas académicas. En este artículo presentamos los resultados de un estudio que buscó explorar y comprender cómo académicas y académicos de ciencias sociales, altamente productivas y productivos, describen la escritura científica desde la práctica laboral cotidiana enmarcada en nuevas regulaciones de la producción científica. A partir del análisis de 20 entrevistas, proponemos que hay facetas fundamentales para definir la escritura científica: la afectividad, la fragilidad y la estrategia. Éstas dan cuenta de aspectos cotidianos, así como de tensiones y conflictos presentes en el proceso de escritura científica

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Nas últimas décadas, temos assistido ao surgimento de publicações (muitas denominadas “street papers”) que pretendem constituir um canal de visibilidade para a população de rua. Sob uma perspectiva histórica, este artigo estuda o surgimento dessas experiências, tendo como foco central o jornal O Trecheiro, um projeto peculiar dentre os street papers, já que suas pautas voltam-se exclusivamente à realidade da população de rua e de grupos marginalizados. Assim, procuraremos compreender como se dá a representação da população de rua nesse veículo, caracterizada por algumas estratégias principais: afirmação de uma memória coletiva; humanização do sujeito; e ocupação de espaços do jornal por pessoas em situação de rua

Este artigo faz uma breve descrição das características e do modo de vida das pessoas em situação de rua e aponta como uma mídia alternativa pode romper com o estereótipo de que nas ruas só existem pessoas incapazes. Este produto jornalístico, que cresce em escala mundial, além de legitimar o indivíduo como trabalhador, não exige nenhum grau de escolaridade ou qualificação profissional e pode ser um novo caminho para quem deseja resgatar sonhos e ser menos dependentes de ajudas assistencialistas ou de caridade

Resumo O presente artigo parte da análise das práticas e representações de publicadores que frequentam as feiras de arte impressa realizadas na cidade de São Paulo nos últimos anos para compreender os vetores sociotécnicos que organizam essas práticas e as materialidades dos objetos editoriais ali publicados e comercializados. Coloca-se, no centro da análise, a relação entre as tecnicidades (o códice, o papel e a impressão) mobilizadas por esses publicadores e certas concepções de passado, presente e futuro inscritas em seus investimentos individuais e coletivos, com destaque para a tensão entre o “retorno ao artesanal” e a pretensão de construir um futuro viável para a publicação. Conclui-se que as novas formas de fetichização do livro impresso estão condicionadas tanto pelas evoluções técnicas proporcionadas pelas tecnologias digitais como pela negação programática do livro convencional, identificado com o mercado editorial mainstream.

Este ensaio pretende ser uma defesa da importância acadêmica do ensaio. Na vida acadêmica atual, vigora sobretudo o pragmatismo da produtividade funcional e da eficiência, expresso, através de um inglês comercial, sobretudo pelo paper. Esse esvaziamento das palavras convida-nos a enfatizar a importância do ensaio. De Montaigne a Steiner, passando por Adorno, o ensaio, gênero da modernidade, torna-se, assim, sobretudo num tempo de crise das grandes narrativas, o modo de captar o eterno naquilo que vivemos e percebemos como destinado a perecer. Constitui-se como escritura do sujeito moderno, e manifestação de suas extraordinárias inquietudes e de suas solidões. O ensaio como artesanato da suspeita, ao invés de ser visto como vitória do amadorismo na vida acadêmica, é o caminho com que se revelarão os limites de toda pretensão universalista e do produtivismo acadêmico hoje imperante.

The article aims to present a comprehensive review about the influence of Montesquieu, Locke and Rousseau’s thought regarding representation, division of powers, and idea of republicanism on the Federalist Articles. The discussion of such concepts on Locke`s Two Treatises of Governments (1689), Montesquieu’s The Spirit of Laws (1748), and Rousseau’s The Social Contract and Discourses (1762) is compared to the ideas presented by the Federalists on their 85 Articles to assess how the latter conception of republic, representation and division of powers is influenced by the former. Furthermore, the article presents the debate between Anti-Federalists and Federalists to elucidate how the ideas of those three modern political theorists formed the base for both sides’ arguments.

This text assesses some of the impacts on the Portuguese labour market resulting from the introduction of flexicurity. Taking the European Commission Green Paper as a reference, the contents and objectives of flexicurity are discussed and some of the features of the “Danish model”, normally taken as the example to be followed, are tested. From an analysis of various examples revealing vulnerable situations within the labour market, it is concluded that there is more evidence of the unsuitability of flexicurity in the Portuguese context than of the potential of this deliberate political measure.

Como escolher um tema de pesquisa diante de milhares de possibilidades? De que maneira se inserir em um universo que não corresponde à realidade do pesquisador? Quais as formas de lidar com as “crises” que surgem durante o processo investigativo? A partir do relato da escolha de cursar Jornalismo, a autora versa sobre esses questionamentos e explica como um homem sem-teto foi o responsável pela ideia de seu Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - o videodocumentário “Droga de Rua” (UFMS, 2008) - e a inspiração para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa de mestrado Ocas”e Hecho en Buenos Aires: um outro tipo de jornalismo na América Latina?, realizada através no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Jornalismo da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC, 2012)

A general academic networks view is presented. This network has been build from the author’s interaction through their scientific papers, indexed by Thomson Reuters (previously ISI Thomson). Accent is place in the interaction of main academic subsystems: Scientific Research; Schools and Faculties; Humanities Research and General Secretary Office. The data base under analysis encompass 71878 papers with one Mexico’s coauthor at least, all papers are indexed by ISI Thomson. Papers publication date goes from 1981 to 2003.

This paper is a poetic self-study based on a community education project in which the author was involved and in which poetry was a process of social transformation. There is a poetic process of weaving between writings produced during the project, occurred years ago, and writings created for this self-study. Its main purpose is to reflect on this poetic process, questioning how it can continue to illuminate our understandings, develop dialogue and transcend contradictions and ambivalences. A few meaningful events are selected where poetry played a relevant part and where poetic writing, combinins sounds and silence to create a singular musicality, is assumed as a way of deepening and transforming understanding and practice. It is a poetic organisation of rhizomatic relations that facilitates the flow of reflexivity and evocation of the movements experienced during the project and identified as important. They are in accordance with the principles of the project, where dialogical and critical approaches are emphasised. In the final sections the author discuss her positionalities and conflicts as researcher, educator and poet assumed along the process, and conclude by reflecting on some of the main contributions of this paper to the poetic self-study field and poetic inquiry.

This paper investigates how Chinese taxi drivers utilize low-tech equipment, such as handheld radios and mobile phone services, to form local ride-hailing networks. Previous studies have analyzed how Internet platforms like Didi Chuxing have reshaped labor relations through technology and policies, but they have ignored the fact that outside metropolitan areas, traditional technological solutions, such as on-call radio platforms, have not been replaced by the rapidly expanding ride-hailing platforms. Therefore, to outline China’s diverse ICT practice environment, this paper focuses on a case study in two Chinese towns (Laizhou, Shandong; Ziyang, Sichuan), shifting the attention from metropolitan areas to neglected fourth- and fifth-tier cities. After reviewing the previous advancements in mobile communication technology, we discuss the economic, cultural, and social motivations behind the use of ‘low-tech’ devices and cooperative services by the Chinese taxi drivers in question.

With the development and application of algorithms as catalysts, the changing modes of information production, dissemination, and consumption have also given rise to a myriad of serious ethical challenges. This study employs a multi-case approach and semistructured in-depth interviews to examine three prominent international information technology companies, namely, Meta, Sina, and Byte Dance. By investigating the utilization of algorithms in content creation and distribution and adopting an epistemic, ethical framework, this paper analyzes the phenomenon of information cocooning resulting from inconclusive algorithmic evidence, the presence of algorithmic black boxes stemming from inscrutable evidence, and the issue of algorithmic bias caused by misguided evidence. Consequently, this paper proposes three fundamental ethical principles for algorithmic systems: certainty, interpretability, and reliability.

Abstract What is the concept of liberalism? Despite being a conceptually contested term, political parties still label themselves liberal and seek legitimacy by joining Liberal International (LI). In this paper, I adopt a mixed-methods strategy to assess what this ideology means in Latin America. First, I rely on economic and political theory to propose four potential components of liberalism: private property, liberal democracy, non-conformism, and social justice. Then, I search for these components in the declaration of principles of all the region’s LI members. Next, I assess liberals’ relative support for these components by comparing the attitudes of their elites and voters to those of conservatives and socialists in Paraguay, Honduras, and Nicaragua. This paper finds that liberal democracy is the only core component of liberalism in Latin America. Even though non-conformism and social justice are widely mentioned in political documents, their support among elites and voters is context-dependent. These results emphasize the contestability of liberalism while shedding light on what unites liberals in Latin America.

After several decades of economic integration and enlargement, divergence has been increasing in the European Union (EU), with weaker member states and regions falling behind their stronger counterparts. This paper argues that the structural causes of this increasing divide are explained in terms of the divergent trajectories of interdependent economies with different productive capabilities. In the process of European integration, the Southern peripheral countries were exposed to macroeconomic policies and shocks that, although apparently neutral, generated different effects and ever increasing regional disparities. Since the formation of the EU’s Economic and Monetary Union in 1992, events representing important milestones in the process of divergence include China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, the eastward orientation of German industry, and the 2008 financial and sovereign debt crises and the ensuing austerity. In the final part, the paper evaluates whether new divides are likely to emerge in the new global context triggered now by the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war.

Textbooks function as an important resource for teaching and learning of mathematics at the school level across the world. At least at the primary grades the contents of textbooks are situated in the larger society around the learners, in order that the learners can relate to what is taught to them. This opens the possibility for textbooks to uncritically reinforce the prevailing stereotypes or use the opportunity textbook provide to creatively break the stereotypes. Mathematics education research has engaged with the question of gender stereotypes in mathematics textbooks which has had an impact how gender figures in textbooks. However, gender is neither a binary nor monolithic. In the Indian context, gender is not the only social hierarchy that operates. The National Curriculum Framework 2005(hence forth referred to as NCF 2005) addresses the question of prevailing stereotypes about children from social margins and says care must be taken to ensure that the curriculum, textbooks and classroom interaction do not reinforce the stereotypes. Moreover, in the last two decades transgender people have been able to demand recognition and acceptance at least in the higher educational spaces as transgender people. Given these, it would be important to understand how textbooks reflect the changes and demands. This paper analyses the content of the mathematics textbooks developed by the State Council of Education Research and Training (SCERT) of one Indian state, namely Kerala, to understand how they represent gender, caste, class and religious differences and to investigate if the textbooks are inclusive of the disabled learners. Based on the content analysis of the textbooks the paper argues that even as the textbooks try to ensure representation of both girls and boys in the pictures and word problems and make an attempt to be inclusive of different religions and marginalised cultures ( for example by incorporating the picture of Theyyam, which uses an art form of the marginalised people in Kerala) in a textbook, they end up strengthening the existing gender, class, religious stereotypes. It also draws attention to the complete absence of disabled children in the textbooks.

This paper explores how the promises of equity and inclusion vanish into discourses about effectiveness, competitiveness, and meritocracy. Intentions of correcting onto-epistemic violence mutate into paradoxes of good intentions in the search for securing social order and economic prosperity. The hopes and fears about the future embody legacies of capitalist aspirations that position mathematics teachers as agents of change. Hence, mathematics teachers are granted full responsibility for correcting the wrongs generated by historical practices that shape modern society. The paper argues that Deleuze and Guattari's schizoanalysis becomes an analytical tool to map the flows of desire for equitable and inclusive education within capitalist aspirations. The desire flows are explored through global (transnational) and local (Chile) rhizomatic assemblage. Oedipus is used to reflect on the effects of power and desiring-production that positions education as a priority to safeguard the glocal future.

This paper aims to discuss the production and reproduction of knowledge —such categories, notions, theories, and methodologies that are part of mathematics education research— drawn from an epistemic approach that pursues to disturb the supposed neutrality, objectivity, and order of our field. The paper's premise is shaped by the idea that searching for new ways of doing is plausible to make visible conditions of possibilities, in which new ways of thinking are traced to what we can and can't do in mathematics education. Premise framed in epistemological anarchism, here it argues that scientific progress could be restricted due to prescriptive scientific methods, as well as fixed and universal norms. The acknowledgment of diverse action flows and tools able to mould in order to respond to reality and context, it is understood as potency to think of new possibilities; along with this, to unpack and read the network rhizomatic entangled to look into teaching and learning of mathematics beyond the didactic triangle. In this fashion, diverse authors assert that the research is a political and power issue. The (re)production of knowledge is not neutral or innocent. The non-neutrality and innocent become possible since an aesthetic that circulates and normalizes what is considered as —valid and valuable— research, as well as the ways of doing and producing —valid and valuable— knowledge. This normalization generates events of violence, particularly against —epistemic or ontological— minorities.

As a mathematics education researcher from India, I try to capture glimpses of a messy terrain named education— or maybe field-notes from experiential tours, humbly inviting the MES community to engage and together become more reflexive towards our collective practices and baggage. This paper would, nonetheless, ask questions pertaining to mathematics education. However, it would not start with asking them, marking them as research questions. In this paper, I would rather try to trace the birthmarks of certain research questions; to show how this endeavour brings us to certain existential methodological issues in conducting and reporting mathematics education research.

In this paper we explore the concept of dialogicity, taking a workshop offered to in-service indigenous teachers as a reference. This concept has been explored for decades in the academic literature. In recent years, it has gained greater importance, as official curricula in several countries have emphasized the importance of developing education that is more centered on the needs of learners. Although the general guidelines of these curricula are defined, the exercise of dialogue in classrooms involves the challenge of balancing the formal requirements of the various fields of knowledge with the students' own interests. Thus, in most cases, researchers examine dialogues in the classroom, verifying the extent to which teachers allow students to express themselves on issues specific to school knowledge. In this sense, it is still not the students’ existential questions that prevail, since the most valued results of the dialogues are already defined in advance. Such results will be related to the domain of school contents. Would it be possible to approach formal education in other ways? Would it be possible to prioritize questions raised by students? These are present challenges for educators who propose to approach teaching from a socially centered perspective. The workshop described in this paper constitutes an example of dialogicity exercised from an existential questioning formulated by the participating teachers. Such questioning was related to the creation of a numbering system that would suit their mother tongue. In that context, it can be inferred that there has been progress in the sense of understanding school practice as a possibility of broadening perceptions of the world through serious consideration of the needs formulated by the learners.

In this paper, the authors take part in a duoethnographic dialogical and reflective conversation about their experiences in mathematics teaching and learning in two unincorporated United States (US) territories (Guåhan and the US Virgin Islands) and discuss how such differed from experiences since moving to the US mainland. The two authors are in a professional mentor-mentee relationship and currently work at a large research university in the central US. Informed by recent experiences since living in the US mainland, the authors used the edited book, “Rehumanizing Mathematics for Black, Indigenous, and Latinx Students” by Goffney et al. (2018) to ground their reflections and discussion. The Rehumanizing Mathematics conceptual framework was used as a sociopolitical lens to guide their dialogic exchange. As duoethnography was used as the methodological approach to analyze the discussion and reflections, the authors were the focal sites of research. Findings from this duoethnography revealed three themes: (1) a recollection of race, culture, language in mathematics; (2) math classrooms as familial community; and (3) culturally responsive mathematics. The paper concludes with implications of these findings for researcher and practitioner communities.

In the 2010s, conservative leaderships dominated governments in many western democracies. In this wave, Jair Bolsonaro was elected President of Brazil in 2018. This paper aims analyzing some of the government’s central strategies, especially the promotion of an intense neoextrativism as the main driver of economic growth, representing a new form of alliance between conservatism and neoliberalism. The disruption of environmental policies in Brazil is a main feature of this model. This paper makes a document and descriptive statistical analysis to show how this strategy is practiced, underlining its most important consequences. Our research has identified and described four strategies adopted by Bolsonaro’s Government that heighten this situation: the dismantling of spaces for social participation, militarization of environmental agencies, institutional breakdown, and cuts in budget resources. Finally, we alert about the severe consequences of this situation, which affects Brazilians and the global capacity to face environmental challenges.

The black swan event in education systems of the whole world has generated a surge in the demand for web based teaching and learning. Starting as inevitability, online education turned into an emergence of numerous educational platforms, tools and methods. The saying presuming that black swans did not exist-has become reinterpreted to rare events that are beyond the realm of normal. The general understanding that online education as a whole does not exist —has become reinterpreted to the most up-to-date and commonly used way of teaching. Getting used to an absolutely digital way of delivery is a long process, which requires supporting our learners throughout this journey of digitalization. This paper explores which lesson conducting patterns, such as various activities and games, can help overcome psychological barriers related to the lack of interpersonal communication and one-on-one support in online teaching. It also addresses how university students can benefit from the online delivery of ESL courses and examines the strategies that make the students more successful in a new normal. This paper raises questions how to best support English preparatory program university students in a way that they can take the most out of e-learning. This study was designed to analyze the psychological determinants of the learners’ behavior relevant to online learning. The number of psychological challenges that the students are facing in online medium of communication, and how these issues can be addressed. This study, based on the students being surveyed, focused on English Preparatory Program university students, who are currently combining faculty courses and English language course. The research study was conducted through the questionnaire and sent to the students via Google Forms. The students got open ended and Yes/No questions pertaining to the online environment, and structure of the course in terms of benefits, pitfalls and suggestions to take into consideration, when learning in a new reality. All the questions were answered anonymously.

Introducción/objetivo: Hoy en día la sociedad requiere de los sistemas agrícolas, no solo del aprovisionamiento de bienes, sino también de la prestación de servicios ambientales y sociales. Esta transformación es compleja ya que requiere implementar acciones en un sistema de muchas variables y bajo condiciones de riesgo e incertidumbre que no garantizan los beneficios de las acciones. Este artículo de perspectiva describe la aplicación del Análisis de Decisiones (AD) en tales escenarios de decisión de los sistemas agrícolas. Metodología: El trabajo presenta un protocolo general para la implementación de AD y desarrolla una perspectiva espacio-temporal para la aplicación de AD en los sistemas agrícolas usando conceptos extraídos de las áreas de la Teoría de Decisiones y planificación estratégica, e introduce un estudio de caso para mostrar cómo esta perspectiva puede ser introducida en los sistemas de innovación del sector agrícola. Resultados: Los problemas de los sistemas agrícolas pueden describirse como una tipología de modelos de decisión usando escalas de planificación estratégica. Esta perspectiva tiene el potencial de permitir la aplicación de AD en los esfuerzos de planificación del Sistema Nacional de Innovación Agropecuaria (SNIA) de Colombia, especialmente en la implementación de los Sistemas Territoriales de Innovación (STI). Conclusión: Este artículo presenta una perspectiva extendida de AD orientada a proveer una base conceptual para su aplicación en la búsqueda de soluciones en el contexto de complejidad de los sistemas agrícolas, en la planificación de las actividades de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en el sector agrícola, y para apoyar el proceso transformación hacia la sostenibilidad de los sistemas agrícolas. Abstract Introduction/Objective: Nowadays society demands from agricultural systems not only the provision of goods for the market but also environmental and social services. This transformation is a challenge due to the unpredictability of executing actions in a complex system with no certainty that it will lead to the desired outcome. This perspective paper describes the application of Decision Analysis (DA) for such uncertain scenarios of decision-making in agricultural systems. Methodology: This paper describes a general protocol for the implementation of DA, proposes a temporal-spatial framework for the application of DA in agricultural systems using concepts of Decision Theory and strategic planning, and introduces a case study for describing how this framework can be applied to agricultural innovation systems. Results: Problems in agricultural systems can be outlined as decision analysis models of specific spatial-temporal scale (planning horizons). This framework has potential for the application of DA in the planning efforts of the Colombian National Agricultural Innovation System, but especially in the implementation of Regional Innovation Systems. Conclusions: We provided an extended DA framework aimed to constitute a sound basis for finding solutions in the complex setting of agricultural systems, for planning actions of science, technology and innovation and for supporting the decision making process of sustainability transformation of agricultural systems.

This paper aims to trace the founding elements of the carceral institution in the United States by highlighting the effects of settler culture and slavery on its rise and development. The first section will show how the evolution of the prison system in the US has been highly informed by racializing rationalities and practices connected to the global history of colonial incarceration. The second section, in contrast, will be dedicated to a close reading of a selected collection of narrative fragments written by African American political prisoners between the 1960s and 1980s, focusing on the concept of neoslavery. The ultimate objective of this paper is to demonstrate that prison has been a site of critical production of knowledge and that incarcerated activists’ contributions played a pivotal role in critiquing the interrelation of colonial incarceration, racism, and political repression.

ABSTRACT Why would a country provide International Development Cooperation (IDC)? The aid literature identifies moral and humanitarian purposes, political-diplomatic objectives, and economic interests as the main reasons a country would have an IDC policy. This paper contributes to this debate through a case study of Brazil’s motivation to provide technical cooperation between 2003 and 2016, employing an innovative analytical framework for this case. Especially during Luis Inácio Lula da Silva’s government, Brazil’s official discourse emphasized its national cooperation’s solidarity characteristics. One may link this non-indifference tone to the moral and humanitarian principles of providing IDC. Notwithstanding, the South-South Cooperation (SSC) mutual benefits narrative indicates political and economic interests in its execution. This paper analyzes the Brazilian Technical Cooperation (TC) allocation patterns between 2003 and 2016. It explores whether (and which) political and economic considerations were significant determinants of Brazilian cooperation. On the one hand, trade exports, subsided loans, and political support in international institutions help explain the Brazilian Technical Cooperation allocation pattern during this period. On the other, Brazil prioritized less-developed countries with better democratic institutions in its TC policy.

COVID-19 has exposed, reproduced, and created new inequalities in Latin America and the world. In this introductory paper, we discuss the impact of extant inequities on vulnerability to COVID-19 but we also identify new, and some unexpected, vulnerabilities. We emphasize vulnerabilities to the disease as well as vulnerabilities to policies and other responses in the fight against COVID-19. Building on insights from Peter Hall and Michele Lamont’s work on social resilience, we draw on the papers of this special issue to identify the important role of the state in addressing vulnerabilities and discuss the types of social resilience that vulnerable groups have turned to in their response to COVID-19.

This paper examines the Non-Habitual Residents (NHR) tax regime from a sociological perspective. This analysis is twofold: it explores the social conditions for its emergence and next conceptualizes the political rationality that determines it, and the type of individual subjectivity regulating it. Methodologically, the analysis is developed according to the principles of Foucauldian governmentality studies. The paper is structured in three sections: 1) characterization and analysis of the evolution of the beneficiaries applying for this tax regime; 2) analysis of the emergence of NHR regime within the scope of 2008 financial crisis; and 3) the definition of the political rationality that inspires the regime. We conclude that this is a program conceived according to a neoliberal political rationality, and also a procedure to reproduce such rationality through the promotion of an “economic citizen” model.

La generación fotovoltaica se presenta hoy en día como una alternativa ventajosa desde el punto de vista ambiental frente a las fuentes convencionales de energía y es una opción para el sector agropecuario poder disminuir los gastos debido a la facturación de electricidad. Un sistema fotovoltaico conectado a la red en La Empresa Agropecuaria Horquita permitirá reducir el consumo de electricidad desde la empresa eléctrica. En este artículo se describe una propuesta de sistema fotovoltaico conectado a red que consta de 1014 paneles de 270 Wp con 13 inversores. La capacidad total del sistema es de 273 kWp y es capaz de generar 346,4 MWh/año. Se simuló el desempeño del sistema utilizando el software profesional PVSyst 7.1 para comprobar los resultados del cálculo manual además de obtener información adicional sobre el desempeño del sistema en el tiempo. La propuesta es factible económicamente arrojando un VPN de 1,7 MMCUP con un periodo de recuperación de 8 años a partir de la disminución de la facturación de electricidad en 640 840 CUP/año. Sin embargo, se detectó que este tipo de proyecto no es muy atractivo para aprovechar fondos de oportunidad si se tiene en cuenta que la TIR es muy baja (4%) en comparación con la tasa de descuento empleada. El proyecto tiene como ventaja adicional que permite la reducción de emisiones de CO2 a la atmósfera estimándose emisiones evitadas de 242,5 t de CO2/año. Palabras clave: Sistema fotovoltaico, fuentes renovables, paneles solares, energía, software PVSyst. ABSTRAC Photovoltaic generation is presented today as an environmentally advantageous alternative to conventional energy sources and is an option for the agricultural sector to reduce the expenditure incurred due to electricity billing. A photovoltaic system connected to the grid at the Horquita Agricultural Enterprise allow reducing electricity consumption from the electrical company. This paper details a proposal for a connected to grid photovoltaic system that consists of 1014 panels with 270 Wp connected to 13 inverters. The total capacity of the system is 273 kWp and it is capable of generating 346,4 MWh/year. The performance of the proposed system was simulated using the professional software PVSyst 7.1 and the results of the manual calculation were verified in addition to obtaining other information about its performance. The proposal is feasible from an economic point of view, yielding a positive NPV of 1,7 MMCUP and a payback period of 8 years from the decrease in electricity billing by 640,840 CUP/year. However, it was detected that this type of project is not very attractive to take advantage of opportunity funds if it is taken into account that the IRR is very low (4%) compared to the discount rate used. The additional advantage of the project is that it allows the reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, estimating avoided emissions of 242.5 t of CO2/year. Keywords: Phtovoltaic system, renewable sources, solar panels, energy, PVSyst software

In the present paper, I take findings from the postphenomenological variation of instrumental realism to develop an ‘environmental framework’ to provide a philosophical answer to the ‘problem of representation.’ The framework focuses on three elements of the representational environment, image-making technology, image as a representational device, and scientific hermeneutic strategies occurring within the image interpretation process in the laboratory set-up. The central idea in this regard is that scientific images do not produce meanings without their instrumental environment or that an image becomes representational through the interplay between three framework elements. In the second part of the paper, I apply the framework to contemporary debates on fMRI imaging. I show that fMRI images receive meaning not in isolation but within a complex instrumental environment.

Aunque existen estudios sobre los límites de la firma, este campo de estudio sigue siendo un tema que necesita mayor desarrollo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los límites de la firma a la luz de las capacidades tecnológica y transaccional. El método utilizado fue el estudio de casos múltiples en firmas de diferentes estratos de intensidad tecnológica. Los principales resultados de este estudio pueden expresarse mediante tres proposiciones. Primero, todas las firmas industriales tienen capacidad tecnológica y capacidad transaccional. Segundo, las firmas con capacidades más desarrolladas (tecnológica y transaccional) amplían sus límites. Tercero, las firmas pueden ampliar sus límites acumulando capacidad tecnológica, capacidad transaccional o ambas. Como conclusión del artículo, las capacidades tecnológicas y transaccionales son esenciales para la expansión de las fronteras de las firmas en cualquier extracto de intensidad tecnológica. Although there is research pertaining to the boundaries of firms, this field of study still requires more development. The objective of this paper is to analyse firm boundaries considering technological and transactional capabilities. The method chosen was that of multiple case studies conducted in firms having different technological intensity levels. The main results are contained in three propositions. Firstly, all industrial firms have technological and transactional capability. Secondly, firms with more developed capabilities (technological and transactional) expand their boundaries. Thirdly, the firms are able to expand their boundaries by means of the accumulation of technological capability, transactional capability, or both. As a conclusion to this paper, technological and transactional capabilities are essential for expanding the boundaries of firms at any level of technological intensity.

This paper takes a look at the spatial and social impact of the city of Curitiba (Brazil) beyond its borders. The periphery issue is addressed through a brief overview of the city's development plans and on the expansion of its socioeconomic and modernity influence on the neighbouring municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. This paper aims to shed light on how new urban-urban migration flows are taking place and how projects for economic internationalization through the creation of new industrial zones and investments in agribusiness, combined with incentives from the Federal Government to build horizontal and vertical condominiums for the middle and lower classes, are being directed towards the municipalities of the metropolitan region. As a result of this new socio-spatial growth, a new periphery is now being drawn as it spreads out to areas of interest for agriculture and environmental protection, even further away from the towns/municipalities surrounding Curitiba.

Introducción: Con la creciente demanda de aplicaciones en el mercado, las empresas han priorizado atender las necesidades tecnológicas del usuario promedio en detrimento de aquellos con diversidad funcional. Esto ha convertido la accesibilidad en un desafío crucial en diversos contextos, especialmente en el ámbito educativo, donde la diversidad de personas que acceden a contenido web es notable. Objetivo: Este trabajo presenta un estudio basado en una inspección de accesibilidad de seis portales web pertenecientes a universidades en la ciudad de Cartagena. El objetivo es determinar la relación entre la inclusión de pautas de accesibilidad y los factores de posicionamiento web obtenidos a través de Webometrics. Metodología: Se definen cinco fases metodológicas: elección de los portales web, selección de herramientas de inspección, aplicación de la inspección de accesibilidad, análisis de los resultados y formulación de conclusiones y recomendaciones. Resultados: Como resultado del estudio, se ha determinado una correlación superior a 0.8 entre el ranking local de las universidades según Webometrics y el ranking de problemas de accesibilidad identificados mediante herramientas de inspección automática. Conclusiones: El uso de herramientas automáticas de evaluación web debería ser implementado por las instituciones educativas para mejorar la accesibilidad de los sitios institucionales. Esta revisión periódica y la corrección de errores es una buena práctica para mejorar el posicionamiento local e internacional. ABSTRACT Introduction: With the growing demand for applications in the market, companies have increasingly focused on meeting the technological needs of the average user, often overlooking those with functional diversity. Consequently, accessibility has emerged as a critical challenge across various contexts, particularly within the educational sphere, where the diverse range of individuals accessing web content is particularly pronounced. Objective: This paper presents a study centered on the accessibility inspection of six university websites located in the city of Cartagena. The primary aim is to ascertain the relationship between the integration of accessibility guidelines and web positioning factors as determined by Webometrics. Methodology: The methodology comprises five distinct phases: website selection, tool selection for inspection, execution of accessibility inspection, analysis of obtained results, and formulation of conclusions and recommendations. Results: The study revealed a correlation exceeding 0.8 between the local ranking of universities according to Webometrics and the ranking of accessibility issues identified through automated inspection tools. Conclusions: It is recommended that educational institutions adopt automatic web evaluation tools to enhance the accessibility of their institutional websites. This regular review and rectification of issues represent best practices for improving both local and international visibility and usability.

Society management and the COVID-19 pandemic require continuous restatement and consolidation. Furthermore, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development created by the United Nations establishes a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability to meet the needs of future generations and where Goal 5 addresses gender equality as a central priority. The main aim of this paper is to present a crossed-analysis study on how the health crisis has influenced differently the social behaviour between gender and generations in Spain. For this study there have been used a massive open data from the Sociological Research Centre (CIS). The mixed techniques´ methodology of this research was applied to study four social effect dimensions, such as “way of living”, “way of thinking”, “way of self-healthcare” and “social habits and behaviour”. The used techniques contributed analytically to gender and generations management during the pandemic with the intent of complementarity. Obtained findings by analysing four studied dimensions explain the effects and consequences of the pandemic involving differences between men and women, younger and older generations, leading to society management implications that can timely serve as a paradigm with scientific insights for public policies.

In Portugal, cooperation between the state and non-governmental organisations has led to the creation of institutions that provide care services, called IPSS [Private Institutions of Social Solidarity]. This paper presents the results of an ethnography carried out in a rural IPSS that provides care for the elderly. The fieldwork aimed to understand how claims for justice are negotiated between care workers, care users and employers. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the debate on redistributive justice by showing how inequality of income affects access to care as well as examining the idea of justice as a lived experience by demonstrating how claims for justice are depicted in day-by-day relationships of care. This paper is divided into two parts, the first being an introduction contextualising Portuguese care work. The second part focuses on António’s story and reflects upon the work of two caregivers and their claim for justice.

This paper aims to discuss Legal Pluralism from a transformative perspective as a product of community practices exercised by social collectivities that seek to address fundamental needs. In this perspective, the problem is to verify if the institutionalized pluralism in the Andean region (the constitutions of Ecuador and Bolivia) is qualified as a transforming legal pluralism, autonomous from state and with an authentic community profile. Even though this premise can be admitted, the essential question is: to what extent are its strength, validity and efficiency satisfactory inside the political-legal institutions? The result is the duality recognition of the legal pluralism that not only traditionally coexists with the State but is characterized as “subaltern” and limited by impositions of a monist culture that renews itself by keeping colonial remnants. For the discussion, a theoretical-reflective methodological approach with a critical and socio-legal content was employed, along with a specific bibliography.

Spanish musical film was recurrent during the Francoism, with actors who sang or singers who acted. At first, linked to popular styles, Spanish cinema opted since 1960s for melodic song or pop, and promoted an idea of modernity to Europe and Latin America through singers of the time. This paper analyzes the characters and songs of the seven films which Raphael starred between 1966 and 1973, in the second Francoism, where, almost autobiographically, he played aspiring and music stars, sang the hits from his albums and his performances worked in these films as a music video.

This paper analyses the decolonial production of Edgardo Lander and Ramón Grosfoguel. It will focus on a historiographical reconstruction of the characteristics presented by the Coloniality-Modernity network. The methodological approach applied here is that of the History of the Latin-American Ideas. It concludes that the network fractures due to the publication of a political document authored by some of the decolonial intellectuals, who are critics of Nicolas Maduro’s government. These theoretical-political dissidences allow to disarticulate the myth of the Modernity-Coloniality group.

The aim of this paper is discussing some polemical points when it comes to the Brazilian literature written by afro-Brazilian writers. What is the most adequate category to use for talking about these texts: afro-Brazilian literature? Afrodescendent literature? Brazilian black literature? After that, it is presented a “study case” focusing the short novel Ilhota, written by Zeli de Oliveira Barbosa.

This paper reflects on health reparation practices in the context of neoliberal hegemony and long-lasting impunity. It builds on an ethnographical approach (2019-2022) to four health reparation initiatives created by users and workers of a state reparation program together with civil organizations in the South of Chile. It states that the way these initiatives deal with the damage produced by state violence (1973-1990) point toward an alternative horizon for health reparations, which may also counter today’s authoritarian orientations.

This paper seeks to approach the story that blames the Chilean left for the institutional breakdown that ended in the civil-military dictatorship led by Augusto Pinochet. If we take as a reference the Uruguayan case, in relation to the discussion on "who threw the first stone" (the left or the right), we do it to question and deepen our own case, by analyzing the arguments that justify representations of the past that criminalize, shame and dehumanize the identity pillars of the Chilean left. Thus, we will explore the responsibilities of the right wing not only in the institutional ruptures, but also in the dissemination and representation of common meanings that aim to see the actions of the left as a "cause" and the military irruption as a "consequence".

This paper aims to explore the ‘migratory careers’ of a group of highly educated Brazilian women and the dynamics activated to achieve the job-education match in Spain. It analyses the reasons for emigration and settlement, as well as the structures of opportunities and constraints, from a multidimensional perspective. The main findings show the existence of a system of vulnerabilities that influence both their geographical trajectories and their occupational (im)mobilities. This is explained in terms of the interrelationship between hindering/fostering factors in different dimensions of life, with the aim of developing a balanced migratory career to achieve the job-education match.

Abstract According to the prevailing opinion, capitalism is a market economy governed by immutable laws and inequality is the result of competition between free and equal individuals on that market. This paper argues that capitalism, as developed in Western Europe in modern times, has more in common with organized crime than with a system of natural laws. It is rooted in the sale of church and common lands, the privatization of finance (especially public debt) and colonialism. However, its purpose is not the accumulation of wealth. It is merely a particular way of sustaining domination by a small group of people over the rest of the population. Domination in capitalism differs from earlier forms of domination in two ways: it is reproduced via the accumulation of wealth and it is not visible as such. Neither the purpose (domination) nor the functioning (systematic appropriation) is visible on the surface. Even Marx was led to believe that the economy is governed by laws which can be studied scientifically. The paper will argue against this belief by tracing the structures of domination to the reproduction of social inequality in capitalist societies.

RESUMO Todo ser humano está vulnerável a presenciar e/ou viver um desastre, sendo ele ocasionado pelo homem ou pela força da natureza. Em consequência, os desastres requerem provisões emergenciais para auxiliar as pessoas, levando em consideração as diversas perdas ocorridas. Assim, torna-se importante compreender a logística humanitária de forma holística, assim como a gestão ambiental a ela associada. Este trabalho apresenta um panorama sobre as tendências relacionadas à logística humanitária sob a ótica sustentável, considerando assim aspectos econômicos, ambientais e ecológicos. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo do presente artigo é analisar as contribuições da logística humanitária e práticas green na proteção internacional ao meio ambiente, a fim de concretizá-lo como um direito humano. Nesse viés, para atingir os objetivos propostos e desenvolver a presente pesquisa, foi utilizado o método indutivo, utilizando-se da pesquisa bibliográfica em livros e artigos científicos, e legislativa, com base nos instrumentos normativos internacionais relacionados ao meio ambiente, resiliência, combate à vulnerabilidades e desenvolvimento sustentável. Por conseguinte, confirmou-se a hipótese segundo a qual o desenvolvimento da logística humanitária na perspectiva sustentável e ambiental se mostra um meio eficiente de garantir a resiliência do meio ambiente saudável como um direito humano, de modo a contribuir para a concretização dos princípios e compromissos assumidos pelos países em diversos tratados e convenções internacionais. Palavras-chave: Logística Humanitária. Práticas Sustentáveis. Direito Ambiental Internacional. ABSTRACT Every human being is vulnerable to witness and/or experience a disaster, whether caused by man or nature. As a result, disasters require emergency provisions to assist people, taking into account the various losses that have occurred. Thus, it is important to understand humanitarian logistics holistically as well as its associated environmental management. This paper presents an overview of trends related to humanitarian logistics in a green perspective. This paper aims to analyze the contributions of humanitarian logistics and sustainable practices in guaranteeing and protecting the environment in order to realize it as a human right. In order to achieve the proposed objectives and develop this research, the inductive method was used, using bibliographic research in books, articles from scholarly journals, and also legislative sources, based on international treatiesand protocols related to the environment, resilience, combating vulnerabilities and sustainable development. Therefore, it was confirmed the hypothesis that the development of humanitarian logistics from a sustainable and environmental perspective is an efficient mean of ensuring the resilience of the healthy environment as a human right and also to realize the principles and commitments made by countries in international treaties and protocols on the preservation of the environment and natural resources. Keywords: Humanitarian logistics. Sustainable Practices. International Environmental Law.

Resumo Este trabalho, apesar de não tratar diretamente com materiais orais, procura traçar princípios metodológicos para a documentação e análise da apropriação da lírica popular, de caráter eminentemente oral, nos chamados poetas cultos do Renascimento português. Para isso, a partir dos pressupostos de Frenk (2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2006d), investigo não só o processo histórico de valorização da lírica popular como, também, algumas técnicas de apropriação dessa lírica pelos poetas cultos. Após isso, volto-me para o mote de origem popular Coifa de beirame/Namorou Joane, desenvolvido tanto por Camões quanto por Caminha, para enfocar a movência dos versos populares durante o período renascentista, que circulavam nos salões aristocráticos na pena e na voz de diferentes poetas. Por fim, volto-me para a relação oralidade/escrita, além de elencar outras formas de apropriação da lírica popular a partir da pesquisa de Romeralo (1969). Perpassa todo o trabalho, todavia, mesmo que indiretamente, o objetivo de contribuir com instrumentos metodológico-analíticos para a verificação dos vestígios da lírica popular e tradicional na poesia designada como culta. Além dos trabalhos de Frenk e Romeralo, são importantes referenciais teóricos do artigo as contribuições de Lemaire (1987, 1992) e Zumthor (1993, 2010). Palavras-chave: Lírica popular. Renascimento. Poesia culta. Oralidade. Escrita. Metodologia. Abstract In spite of not directly dealing with oral materials, this paper seeks to draw the methodological principles for documentation and analysis of popular lyric appropriation that by nature is oral, on the so called enlightened poets of the Portuguese Renaissance. To that end, beginning with the assumptions of Frenk (2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2006d) I look into not only the historical process of popular lyric appreciation but also some techniques of appropriation of this lyric by the enlightened poets. After that, I turn to the originally popular theme Coifa de beirame/Namorou Joane, developed by Camões and by Caminha to focus on the moving of the popular verses during the Renaissance period, that moved around in the aristocratic saloons of the different poets’ feathers and voices. At last, I turn to the oral/written relation, as well as listing other forms of popular lyric appropriation from Romeraldo’s research (1969). Even not directly, all along this paper the aim to contribute with methodological-analytical tools to verify the traces of the popular and traditional lyric in the designated enlightened poetry. Besides Frenk and Romeraldo’s works, Lemaire (1987, 1992) and Zumthor (1993, 2010) contributions are important theoretical references in this paper. Keywords: Popular lyric. Renaissance. Enlightened Poetry. Orality. Writing. Methodology.

The purpose of this study is to verify how online reviews can become a useful tool for the improvement of hotel businesses through an in-depth analysis of selected scientific papers. This systematic literature review analyses refereed journals in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published worldwide between January 2008 and January 2020 and containing the keywords: online reviews, hotel improvement, hotel performance and hotel development, in 11 different databases. After examining 59 relevant papers, a range of approaches showing how online reviews support hotel business development are uncovered. Besides contributing to the existing literature by extending the current research on the use of online reviews, the findings of this study also provide hoteliers with insights on how to take advantage of online reviews. Although several studies approach hotel business development using online reviews, only a few studies have gathered these papers to verify their applications and managerial implications. Thus, this paper aims to fill this research gap.

ABSTRACT This article is a readaptation of the final paper of residency, a fictional product that will be based on the experience lived by the author within the two years of Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, through the art-based research methodology. Working as a means of elaborating learning and experiences carried out in the field and using the metaphor of crossing a desert, the paper is articulated as an imaginative exercise based on experiences and the vision of art as a laboratory for languages, capable of solutions for everyday challenges, expressing silenced affections and discovering unseen elements of the work and teaching institution through contact with its object of interest. Keywords: Subjectivity. Art. Psychoanalysis. Fiction. Mental Health. RESUMO Este artigo é uma readaptação do trabalho final de residência, um produto fictício que será baseado na experiência vivida pelo autor nos dois anos do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, por meio da metodologia de pesquisa baseada na arte. Trabalhando como meio de elaborar aprendizados e experiências realizadas em campo e utilizando a metáfora de atravessar um deserto, o artigo é articulado como um exercício imaginativo baseado em experiências e na visão da arte como um laboratório de idiomas, capaz de soluções para desafios cotidianos, expressando afetos silenciados e descobrindo elementos invisíveis do trabalho e da instituição de ensino por meio do contato com seu objeto de interesse. Palavras-chave: Subjetividade. Arte. Psicanálise. Ficção. Saúde Mental.

The objective of this paper is to provide critical analysis of the Kantian notion of freedom (especially the problem of the third antinomy and its resolution in the critique of pure reason); its significance in the contemporary debate on free-will and determinism, and the possibility of autonomy of artificial agency in the Kantian paradigm of autonomy. Kant's resolution of the third antinomy by positing the ground in the noumenal self resolves the problem of antinomies; however, it invites an explanatory gap between phenomenality and the noumenal self; even if he has successfully established the compatibility of natural causality and non-natural causality through his transcendental argument. This paper is also devoted to establishing the plausibility of the knowledge claim that Kantian reduction of phenomenality has served half of the purpose of the AI scientists on the possibility of Artificial Autonomous Agency.