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While European borders have increasingly hardened since the so-called 2015 refugee crisis, practices of migrant assistance and solidarity by civil society actors have become a feature of contemporary border politics. On the one hand, across the European Union, local and international initiatives have often responded to needs of newcomers, by playing a pivotal role in doing humanitarian work; on the other hand, both organisations and individuals engaged in migrant solidarity and assistance have become the target of policies and practices of criminalisation. My analysis takes the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla as a case-study, drawing on data collected during a 2019-2020 fieldwork. The paper argues that in the Spanish enclaves’ local humanitarians belonging to a range of civil society actors face different forms of intimidation and indirect pressure, both by governmental and non-governmental actors. I show how the lack of acceptance of the work of local humanitarians among some sectors of the local population lies with feelings of ‘fear’ and rejection towards some specific groups of migrants, such as unaccompanied minors from Morocco and young male migrants from Sub-Saharan countries. In addition, I describe how, along this EU external border, cases of harsher forms of criminalisation have been recorded as well. The paper concludes that tensions and hurdles that local humanitarians face in these EU border localities partially reflect a broader European trend and are a ‘sub-product’ of larger process of criminalisation of migrants and refugees travelling through irregular routes. Humanitarian border – Migrant solidarity - Civil society organisations – Ceuta – Melilla – Criminalisation

The article discusses recent developments that are impacting the understandings of citizenship in late modern societies. During the past decades, citizenship has been discussed in terms of its contributions to tackling effects of political, social and economic crises. Most prominent are those challenges deriving from processes of Europeanization and globalization, but also, digital technologies are said to impinge new requirements on individuals, thus calling for European, global or digital citizenship. Well beyond simply changing the traditional orientation towards a nation-state, new conceptualizations of citizenship gravitate heavily towards individual dispositions and subjective competencies, while legal-juridical features remain untouched and largely unrelated. This explains the strong emphasis on the role of education in cultivating – global, European, digital – citizenship among individuals. The contribution asks whether and if so, how changed understandings of citizenship may lead to ‘performative citizenship’, where individuals are burdened with the requirement of constantly enacting ‘good’ and ‘worthy’ citizenship. The paper is organized along three sections: First, we revisit the mainstream literature on citizenship and discuss the main elements in historical-systematic manner. Second, based on a thorough literature review we discuss recent developments that call for updated meanings and representations of citizenship, before, third, the paper deliberates on the performative nature on newer conceptions of citizenship by examining recent examples of so-called global universities. The article closes with a discussion of research avenues for the topic, including crucial questions as to the status, role and function of citizenship in times of crises.

Research on multilingualism and intercultural communication has been gaining large recognition. However, a number of subject areas are still largely underexplored. For example, verbal communication is prioritised while little emphasis is given to the multimodality of multilingual and multicultural interactions. Also, while some studies focus on the role of gestures in intercultural communication, elements such as gaze, physical contact, and time are far less researched. However, the lack of attention to some non-verbal elements can create misunderstandings, particularly when people share a spoken code only partially, as is the case with non-native speakers. Thus, non-verbal language should be given a wider scope in multilingual and intercultural research. This paper is a preliminary investigation of how intercultural differences in the use and interpretation of non-verbal codes of communication can affect interactions between migrants and social workers in Italy. The focus is on gaze, physical contact, and time perception and organization. The paper provides a qualitative analysis of focus groups and online questionnaires submitted to social workers working in northern Italy and supporting migrants in their daily integration in the society. The results show that the use and interpretation of gaze, physical contact and time vary considerably depending on the individual migrant as well as their culture of origin. Considerations are drawn on the extent to which cultural differences in the interpretation of non-verbal codes can create misunderstandings and undermine migrants’ integration. Keywords: Intercultural communication; non-verbal communication; migration; gaze; physical contact; time

Society management and the COVID-19 pandemic require continuous restatement and consolidation. Furthermore, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development created by the United Nations establishes a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability to meet the needs of future generations and where Goal 5 addresses gender equality as a central priority. The main aim of this paper is to present a crossed-analysis study on how the health crisis has influenced differently the social behaviour between gender and generations in Spain. For this study there have been used a massive open data from the Sociological Research Centre (CIS). The mixed techniques´ methodology of this research was applied to study four social effect dimensions, such as “way of living”, “way of thinking”, “way of self-healthcare” and “social habits and behaviour”. The used techniques contributed analytically to gender and generations management during the pandemic with the intent of complementarity. Obtained findings by analysing four studied dimensions explain the effects and consequences of the pandemic involving differences between men and women, younger and older generations, leading to society management implications that can timely serve as a paradigm with scientific insights for public policies.

Spanish musical film was recurrent during the Francoism, with actors who sang or singers who acted. At first, linked to popular styles, Spanish cinema opted since 1960s for melodic song or pop, and promoted an idea of modernity to Europe and Latin America through singers of the time. This paper analyzes the characters and songs of the seven films which Raphael starred between 1966 and 1973, in the second Francoism, where, almost autobiographically, he played aspiring and music stars, sang the hits from his albums and his performances worked in these films as a music video.

This paper analyses the decolonial production of Edgardo Lander and Ramón Grosfoguel. It will focus on a historiographical reconstruction of the characteristics presented by the Coloniality-Modernity network. The methodological approach applied here is that of the History of the Latin-American Ideas. It concludes that the network fractures due to the publication of a political document authored by some of the decolonial intellectuals, who are critics of Nicolas Maduro’s government. These theoretical-political dissidences allow to disarticulate the myth of the Modernity-Coloniality group.

The aim of this paper is discussing some polemical points when it comes to the Brazilian literature written by afro-Brazilian writers. What is the most adequate category to use for talking about these texts: afro-Brazilian literature? Afrodescendent literature? Brazilian black literature? After that, it is presented a “study case” focusing the short novel Ilhota, written by Zeli de Oliveira Barbosa.

This paper reflects on health reparation practices in the context of neoliberal hegemony and long-lasting impunity. It builds on an ethnographical approach (2019-2022) to four health reparation initiatives created by users and workers of a state reparation program together with civil organizations in the South of Chile. It states that the way these initiatives deal with the damage produced by state violence (1973-1990) point toward an alternative horizon for health reparations, which may also counter today’s authoritarian orientations.

This paper seeks to approach the story that blames the Chilean left for the institutional breakdown that ended in the civil-military dictatorship led by Augusto Pinochet. If we take as a reference the Uruguayan case, in relation to the discussion on "who threw the first stone" (the left or the right), we do it to question and deepen our own case, by analyzing the arguments that justify representations of the past that criminalize, shame and dehumanize the identity pillars of the Chilean left. Thus, we will explore the responsibilities of the right wing not only in the institutional ruptures, but also in the dissemination and representation of common meanings that aim to see the actions of the left as a "cause" and the military irruption as a "consequence".

This paper aims to explore the ‘migratory careers’ of a group of highly educated Brazilian women and the dynamics activated to achieve the job-education match in Spain. It analyses the reasons for emigration and settlement, as well as the structures of opportunities and constraints, from a multidimensional perspective. The main findings show the existence of a system of vulnerabilities that influence both their geographical trajectories and their occupational (im)mobilities. This is explained in terms of the interrelationship between hindering/fostering factors in different dimensions of life, with the aim of developing a balanced migratory career to achieve the job-education match.

Sadomasochism played an important role in Foucault’s reflection on power and sexuality; according to this perspective, some theorists highlighted the queer potential of BDSM: the ability to create a space for the experimentation of new relationalities. This vision certainly depicts some subversive aspects of BDSM culture, such as the figure of the dominatrix or the practice of gender reversal, but it sounds too anarchistic and one-sided since in the BDSM prevails a fascination for totalizing and coherent roles. This paper will argue that the queer nature of the master and slave relationship lies in its performative and ritual character: in its exaggerating scenes and costumes in a specific setting, and in its presenting power as a consensual game, based on empathy and mirroring effects. After this theoretical discussion, which will cover Lacan’s concept of masquerade as re-used by Linda Williams, the paper will analyze some of the few literary and artistic representations of BDSM devoid of stereotypes: especially some recurrent scenes in Robbe-Grillet’s production, which can be read in parallelism with his wife’s Catherine Robbe-Grillet’s activity as dominatrix.

This paper aims at conducting a queer analysis of the figures of children in Henry James’s The Turn of the Screw and of their role in the story’s effect, in order to suggest a new possible interpretation of the novella and to explore the theme of performativity during childhood. Following Carmen Dell’Aversano’s proposal for a method of queer hermeneutics of literary texts, the paper problematizes some aspects of childhood as a social category, as it is represented in James’s text; it focuses on the concept of innocence and its implications, by linking it to Michael Billig’s idea of repression as a discursive practice that is learned since childhood; and, through these considerations, it addresses a crucial critical issue of the novella – the protagonists’ ambiguous obsession with the ghosts’ influence on her pupils, so severe that it possibly leads one of them to his death.

This paper explores the nexus between Translation Studies and Oral History on Romanian communism. As such, it aims to map out the challenges posed by the translation of historical interviews from Romanian into English. More specifically, inspired by Portelli’s theoretical framework, the paper illustrates the orality of transcribed historical accounts by bringing into focus their rich imagery. To instantiate the case, relevant data have been extracted from two main books on the era: Memorial of pain: darkness and light, by Hossu Longin, 2013 and The Survivors: testimonies from Romanian communist prison, by Anca & Raul Ştef,2014.

The paper presents an overview of three Italian takes on the queer rural-to-urban flight, by analysing Generations of Love (1999) by Matteo B. Bianchi, La Generazione (‘Generations,’ 2015) by Flavia Biondi, and Febbre (‘Fever,’ 2019) by Jonathan Bazzi. In most LGBTQ+ narratives moving to a big city is central, as it is associated with finding an accepting ‘chosen’ family. However, the move has recently acquired homonormative connotations: it is embedded into narratives of economic success and the individuals moving are usually white, cisgender, non-disabled, gay men. In the texts, the main characters correspond to the type. However, by analysing their relationships to their hometowns and their biological families, this paper argues that the characters find ways of challenging the homonormative paradigm through a spatial in-betweenness and non-conjugal bonds not reflected by laws. The main theoretical frameworks are the homonormativity definition by Lisa Duggan, the work on Italian queerness by Antonia Anna Ferrante, and the study on queer orientations by Sara Ahmed. This paper is inscribed into a larger trend of studies around the rural-to-urban move but sheds light on the Italian landscape.

The EU may be a porous area that need a common Integrated Border Management (IBM) system as well as several institutions, surveillance tools and politics to monitor an inter-agency cooperation and control of its external borders. In the backdrop of the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP), a new role has been assigned to external states bordering the eastern and southern flanks of the EU, with a progressive process of outsourcing security check on migrants thus extending the EU state borders up to the Mediterranean states, creating an EU borderland. This paper intends to raise the question of the impact of this EU external bordering process on some Arab neighbors since the outbreak of the Arab uprisings in 2011. More particularly, the research intends to focus on two types of states – Libya and Lebanon – with poor governance in order to show the limits of the implementation of IBM in such contexts. In order to highlight these, the paper delve into the borderwork of two EU or international bodies implementing IBM norms and rules to explore their relationships with the local state institutions. They both tend to show the key importance of the local context as a crucial explanatory factor of the limits of the implementation of such norms. Keywords: Integrated Border Management, EU, Libya, Lebanon, local context

This paper assumes the Mediterranean as a critical junction between Global North and Global South. It explores current challenges at the European Union (EU) Mediterranean borders and investigates the intertwined area at the EU borders that we call ‘Mediterranean Global South’. The paper explores actors providing security in the Mediterranean Global South and critically addresses the EU capacity to manage its borders. Specific attention is devoted to South to North human flows, one of the most critical challenges to human security in current times deploying its effects well beyond states’ borders. Human flows across the Mediterranean Sea have put EU member states (EUMS), EU institutions and European societies under stress. The paper challenges those state-centered approaches that regard closing the borders as the most effective solution to acquire security and stability in Europe, and focuses on non-state actors’ practices that seek to address regional problems more effectively. The paper thus investigates the complexification of regional relations deriving from the actual role of those actors, state or non-state actors, EU and EUMS, regional and global powers, that play crucial functions in the provision of solutions to complex security issues. The EU Mediterranean borders are expanding and actors involved in securing the Mediterranean Global South are increasingly engaged in the South of the Mediterranean for the management of regional crises. Keywords: Mediterranean, migration, securitization, European Union, borders

This paper will discuss a movie and a multimedia work based on the play Las brutas by Juan Radrigán, about the last days of three Colla shepherds, who lived isolated in the northern Chilean Andes. Western and urban projections about the relation between human being and environment and the meaning of life that are on display in the works will be explored. Through the interplay among Colla ethnological sources, Andean thought and phenomenology, the paper aims at problematizing the very premises of critical approach.

This paper aims to understand how heritage is the result of a simultaneous game of memory and oblivion, which carries with it visions of a hierarchical society. For this purpose, the most important heritage sites of Santa Marta, the most ancient city of South America, are analysed. In this city, it’s possible to appreciate the heritage framework that involves the commemoration of two temporalities: Spanish colonialism of XVI century, and republican endocolonialism in the XIX century. In the paper it is analysed how these two historical segments have imposed a sense of identity.

This paper aims to analyse the characters of Bartleby, from the story “Bartleby, the scrivener” by Herman Melville, and Aires, from the novel Conselour Aires’s Memoirs by Machado de Assis, through a philosophical perspective that multiplies the possibilities of fiction conceived traditionally as the opposite of reality. By investigating those literary figures, along with a Deleuzian vocabulary, this paper will think about the limits of a traditional conception of reality and fiction, as well as the self, in order to assert its dynamic and unstable aspect which consequently involves language itself.

The following paper aims to contribute to the Italian literature on non-monogamy with a psychosocial interpretation towards the future of the political and legal recognition requests of non-monogamous and queer relationships, as well as of their families. Starting with a reflection on how normativities position those who are outside the binaries as noises to be ignored or cancelled, the paper then provides a critique of the concept of evaluation as a tool for acquiring rights (as it does not find a counterpart in the different-gender relationships). Psychosocial studies on the relationship quality of non-monogamous people should be used to strenghten the demands for the legal recognitions of non-monogamous relationships, families and multi-parenting. In fact, the available international literature has given voice and confirmed what the many polyfamilies experience in everyday life: that these families (non-monogamous, open, poly, extended, childless * or not) are a social reality with their positive charachteristics and criticalities. Starting from examples on the erasure of bisexualities and ame-gender families recognition – the paper discuss how including these types of psychosocial research can improve our struggle for the recognition and legal rights of non-monogamous agreements and relationships.

This paper is not intended as either a survey of performance and perversity nor as an argumentation for any particularly new theory of performance. Rather it is me offering my methodologies, influences and thoughts as a trans mestizXXX perverse performance artist living and working in an actively postcolonial moment. It is, in part, an act of resistance toward the move to commodify performance’s important ephemerality and ineffability into institutionally digestible historicity and study-ability within academic institutional contexts. This paper will focus on some of my performance work which plays with ideas of power, bondage, land, colony, body and institution. I will also discuss the work of a few contemporary artists whom I identify not as important to notions of “the canon” but to my canon, artists whose queer and/or “of colour” perversities have influenced my work and self-formation. A work which combines personal narrative with critical analysis, this paper hopes to contextualize my performance practice from an intersectional and interdisciplinary perspective.

The current paper represents a partial bibliography about the life and the works of Publius Ovidius Naso, reflected in the papers written between 2001-2017. The bibliographic inventory made in the bimillennial year of the death of the great Latin poet exiled at Tomis contains reviews, text quotations, monographies, translations and evocations dedicated to Ovidius

The paper examines five poems in which the Portuguese Baroque poet Frei Jerónimo Baía (1620-1688) depicts the portrait of the beloved woman. Each of these texts features the list of the different body parts praised for their beauty, following a model already present in the Petrarchist tradition. Baía combines to this model, like other authors of the same period, a display of wit and a playful disposition for wordplay, hyperbole, and paradox.

José Saramago has repeatedly positioned himself against the use of the concept of narrator, often with categorical and provocative statements, seeking to take part in a theoretical-literary discussion that transcended his time andplace. By reflecting on the function of the literary quarrelin the construction and promotion of the writer-polemist, the purpose of this paper isto revive and deepen the debateproposed by the Portuguese Nobel laureate. Ouraim is to retrace his positions and a part of the history of the concept of the narrator, in orderto examine how this category is constructed in some of Saramago’s novels.

The paper recalls the political theory of a group of Italian scholars who led the European Federalist Movement starting from the mid-60s. Their scientific analysis of the globalisation process and their innovative federal state model seems to provide interesting insights into contemporary events. Nation-based political paradigms fail to explain or deal with the ongoing global metamorphosis, which has made it impossible to retrace social, economic and military issues to a specific “culpable” State: terrorism strikes both from a generic outside and from within. Hence the collective perception of living in an unstable era of confused and unmanageable disorder and the rising of insecurity-related fears which result in a schizophrenic attitude of micro-nationalism expecting at the same time a protective umbrella from “upper” institutions. This is most tangible in Europe. The paper highlights with an interdisciplinary approach two features of federalists’ investigation which seem to be particularly relevant today. Their historical analysis underlines how until WW2 European States tried to counteract interdependence by strengthening themselves through nationalism, militarism, autarchy etc. and by leveraging collective fears. Being both symptoms of the collapsing of national States and the tools these States used to preserve themselves, they created a vicious cycle which might still be ongoing today on a more global level. Federalists’ political studies led to the designing of the post-industrial federal State “model”. It is an open multi-levelled institutional schema able to create a new “order” by turning globalisation into a process of both infra-national and supra-national federalisation, and a new global political society by “revolutionising” all political values, notions and lexicon (multi-level governance, pluri-dimensional political loyalty, participatory democracy). Federalism is therefore described as the cultural and political “paradigm” of contemporary age, of which a truly federated Europe might be the first historical implementation.

‘Civic innovation is about focusing on what is positive, creative and imaginative in the face of a world that seems beset by crisis narratives’ (Biekart, Harcourt, Knorringa, 2016: 3). In exploring the term civic innovation, as it is used in Development Studies, ‘we are not looking for a new theory and practice that will lead to a grand transformation of neoliberal capitalism but rather at how to build a mosaic of responses by looking at what is happening on the ground where people are living the contradictions of development. It is argued that we need to question pre-determined ideas of what measures to take and go beyond universal policy solutions, in order to look with openness at the actions on the ground’ (Ibid.). In that sense, civic innovation can be perceived as the ‘political sister’ of social innovation as it directly assesses dominant power relations. The paper explores a different and trans-disciplinary approach to researching change: by descending from the academic ivory tower, respecting and deploying multiple knowledges for civic innovation, as well as approaching change with the ideas and tools of Participatory Action Research. Examples from knowledge dialogues with Central American social movements are used to explore this methodology further, including the downsides and the dilemmas. The paper concludes that carefully planned dialogues, reflexivity of facilitators, and awareness about potential power issues are probably key features of a knowledge generation process that may embody progressive social change.

This paper seeks to outline a methodological approach that can be used in order to help understand such movements, and more fundamentally, the role of community in Social Innovation (SI). The article offers an overview of Participative Action Research (PAR), and outlines its strengths and weaknesses in studying community-based social innovation, in this case the Transition movement. PAR is not an ‘off the shelf’ kit, or a ‘conforming of methodological standards’, but rather a series of approaches that ought to inform the research. The paper argues that these approaches, rather than techniques, are essential to get right if the intangible, granular, and incidental-but-fundamental aspects of community are to be grasped by researchers. Given the small-scale nature of community low carbon transitions a granular analysis is preferred to a more surface, superficial overview of such processes. Qualitative research is preferred to quantitative aggregation of initiatives, due to the need to understand the everyday, more phenomenological aspects of community, and the specific tacit relations and subjectivities enacted through their capacity to cut carbon.

In recent years, the number of minor migrants, both accompanied and unaccompanied, arriving in European countries increased significantly. The impact of newcomers on the school systems of various European countries has highlighted problems in education continuity and in the accomplishment of educational goals. Relying on the preliminary data from the Erasmus+ KA2 project “Continugee” in Italy and Greece, this paper analyses the current policies and practices used in refugee children education. In addition to policy analysis, interviews with families, teachers and professionals operating in migrant shelters and schools were conducted, aimed to address both institutional and relational dimensions of schooling and to point out good practices in educational incorporation of refugee youth. Research shows that – notwithstanding a common concern throughout Europe, national and local regulations, and local practices do affect their access to quality education. Age limits, gender gaps, location of shelters, lack of adequate institutional educational facilities and of professional training make effective educational placement and continuity difficult. Schools have a very different level of effectiveness and European policy innovation is often jeopardized by lack of resources and staff motivation. Recognition of qualifications and skills, a supported participation into mainstream education, and a participatory approach with families and guardians are essential for effective school integration. Keywords: refugee, minors, education, training, policy, European

This paper starts from the premise that interrogative structures have significant impact on verbal behaviour and human behaviour, in general. Our analysis of this particular type of discourse is based on the assertions of E. Benveniste, according to whom interrogation is one of the fundamental speech acts of interhuman behaviour, alongside of assertion and imperative structures.

This paper aims to comparatively present the means of expressing intensity in Romanian and Spanish from a predominantly synchronic perspective, without neglecting the importance of the diachronic study of language facts and the etymological clarifications, where needed. We have chosen to discuss only one aspect of the complex act of evaluation, more specifically, the means of rendering highest and lowest intensity, because of the complexity of this phenomenon which constantly expands its linguistic encoding forms.

Diffusion of social innovations has become a key theme in social innovation research. In this paper I argue that the importance of power relations and opposition against social innovations should receive a more central position in this line of research. Using detours to the related fields of Science and Technology Studies and Transition Studies, the significance of (shifting) power relations in the diffusion of innovations is underlined. Through a historical case study on the institutionalisation/diffusion of women’s suffrage in the Netherlands (1883-1919) it is shown that power struggles and shifting power relations are also key for the successful diffusion of a social innovation. With this paper I aim to bring power and empowerment to the agenda of social innovation researchers.

The current migratory movement from Venezuela to Colombia is at the heart of a heated debate. This paper aims to focus the attention on the Colombian context, starting from the transition process generated after the internal armed conflict. After that, border dynamics and migration policies will be examined, highlighting how the centrality of the subject order / disorder, social harmony / disharmony has also oriented the construction of the figure of the Venezuelan migrant both politically and in the media, with consequences on the reception and inclusion.

Il numero di lingue ufficiali degli Stati membri esprime solo parzialmente la portata del plurilinguismo esistente nell’Unione Europea. La molteplicità di lingue in uso presso le comunità immigrate strutturatesi nei diversi Paesi, in particolare, costituisce la manifestazione più recente di tale fenomeno, alla quale tuttavia non ha fatto seguito alcuna esplicita revisione dei quadri interpretativi che ne determinano il trattamento. Al contrario, questi paiono ancora protendere – tanto a livello comunitario quanto nel diritto interno dei singoli Stati – verso una considerazione delle lingue quali beni storico-culturali (Savoia 2001; Caretti-Cardone 2014) e strettamente legata al modello di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche (cfr. Extra 2011), categoria dalla quale le lingue parlate dagli immigrati sono generalmente escluse (cfr., tra gli altri, Orioles 2007; Caretti-Cardone 2014), come si nota da ultimo nella risoluzione 2020/2846(RPS). Sorgono così degli interrogativi sull’avanzamento del percorso di definizione dei diritti linguistici (Poggeschi 2010) nell’Unione: c’è spazio per una riflessione euro-unitaria su un’estensione formale del modello di promozione del plurilinguismo alle varietà portate dai gruppi immigrati? Parliamo ad oggi di plurilinguismo delle istituzioni o dei cittadini? Partendo dalla considerazione di questi limiti, il contributo proposto approfondisce la posizione delle lingue di origine degli stranieri residenti nel quadro della promozione euro-unitaria del plurilinguismo, con l’obiettivo di individuare degli spazi di azione possibili per un’estensione delle attuali misure che superi il ricorso al solo modello minoritario e colga invece le peculiarità socio-culturali proprie del fenomeno e le conseguenti implicazioni per il tema dell’integrazione. Keywords: diritti linguistici; plurilinguismo europeo; politica linguistica; minoranze linguistiche; Unione Europea. Integration in diversity: the possible (and necessary) attention to the languages of foreign people resident in Europe in the language policies of the European Union The number of official languages spoken in the States member of European Union accounts only partially of the actual dimension of European plurilingualism. Particularly the number of languages spoken by communities of foreign people permanently resident in the European Countries represents the most recent manifestation of this phenomenon. However, despite its quantitative and qualitative relevance, no modifications of the interpreting frameworks of European plurilingualism have been undertaken. In contrast, policies seem to persist in adopting – both at the national and EU level – a consideration of languages as part of an historical-cultural heritage (see among others Orioles 2007; Caretti-Cardone 2014), and closely related to the model of protection applied to historical minority languages (Extra 2011), a category from which the languages spoken by foreigners are generally excluded (see, among others, Orioles 2007; Caretti-Cardone 2014), as recently shown by the resolution 2020/2846(RPS). Considering this circumstances, two questions about the progression of the debate on linguistic rights (Poggeschi 2010) in the EU arise: Is it possible to individuate the conditions for an European action on the official extension of the plurilingualism framework at the languages stemming from recent migrations? Do we intend an institutional or a social European plurilingualism? This paper aims at investigating the position of the languages of origin of foreign people in the European framework on plurilingualism, with the objective to identify possible actions in order to extend the current policies promoting plurilingualism and overcome the minority model, to include the socio-cultural specificities of the phenomenon and its implications for the integration. Keywords: Linguistic Rights; European Plurilingualism; Language policy; Linguistic minorities; European Union.

This paper investigates the way in which the words used to talk about migration are described by international organisations and public administrations. It proposes a more detailed description of the words that takes into account the morphological characteristics of each word, starting from corpora drawn from the Italian version of the EMN Glossary on Asylum and Migration and the English version of the IOM Glossary on Migration. The study introduces original excerpts of morphologically labelled glossaries comprising of the most frequent words in the migration context. The labelled glossaries present the description of the word units and an explanation of their grammatical behaviours, using tools and techniques from the Lexicon-Grammar theory to account for words’ features usually considered as mere irregularities. The addition of these morphological labels to describe the behaviour of the words in the context of migration would allow them to be used with confidence by speakers, even those whose first language is not that of the country in which they find themselves, thus putting the individual at the core of the issue by giving those most effected the power to voice their opinions.

This paper proposes a reading of a collection of articles by Lucio V. Mansilla in which the author describes Paraguay as a field of experiences and a scenario of observations, as well as a territory that is part of his own world, while at the same time expands this map. Without including articles related to the Paraguayan War, we present several texts published between 1878 and 1889 and organize them in two main series: on the one hand, those where we read the narrative forms and images that Mansilla essayed as an explorer in his expedition to the country of gold; on the other hand, we present the political and cultural representations about pre- and post-war Paraguay in which Mansilla intervened as a foreign traveler, also in the post-war years.

This paper dwells on the challenges of globalisation and the hegemonic power structures that govern the relationships between the north and the south, and how it is possible to stablish epistemological and practical alliances between decolonial feminism and queer theories. Furthermore, the plethora of views on the topic allows us to construct connected theoretical frames, that gives us the ability to create non hegemonical and emancipated politics. This research analyses the main theses of decolonial feminism to establish a connection with other theories and to provide answers to the current global needs.

This paper aims to address the operation of military justice in Argentina during the period of the so-called "National Organization" that began in the mid-nineteenth century. We will review the influence and survival of the Spanish military tradition expressed in the military ordinances issued by Carlos III (1768) together with the different modalities used by the military authorities to repress military crimes. For this analysis, we will delve into aspects related to the management of internal discipline and military justice that is expressed in the punitive practices applied in various situations within the units of the Army of the Line, together with the laws and military decrees sanctioned during the second mid-nineteenth century in Argentina.

In this paper we will analyse how queer gender desires and expressions are cinematically articulated in Lucía Puenzo’s El niño pez. For this purpose, we will study the relationship between Lala (Inés Efrón) and her family's Guaraní domestic servant, Ailín (Mariela Vitale). We will implement a methodological approach anchored in the concepts of haptic visuality (Marks 2002) and interseccionality (Crenshaw 1989). Although El niño pez presents certain identitarian undefinitions linked to queerness, we will demonstrate that the construction of Lala's character points to certain stereotypes related to the filmic representation of lesbianism.

This paper proposes a reading of Las aventuras de la China Iron (2017) in relation to the literary canon and the ethnic imaginary in Argentina, to the language of a State that constituted itself as monolingual, and to heteropatriarchal hegemony. For this purpose, I use contributions from cultural (Jameson), gender (Haraway) and anthropological studies (Cadogan, Melià, Clastres), which ratify how the novel challenges pre-established orders, whether it is species, class or gender; or even ethnic, cultural and linguistic that nourish the national imaginary.

Observing new findings and directions in the field, the present paper approaches the development of research methods in neology in Romanian. It means to explore new methods and strategies for gathering valuable linguistic material using innovative methods based on social networks communication and crowdsourcing. The main objectives of the present study, the first in a series of three on this subject, are to observe if it is possible to apply the strategies of crowdsourcing to the analysis of neologism in Romanian and to present the main findings about the presence of neologisms related to touchscreen gestures in Romanian. We think that the conclusions of the present paper will illustrate the way the native speakers of Romanian adapt and use new loan words.

The present paper aims at analysing some specific aspects regarding the functioning of compliment and self - compliment - speec h acts belonging to the category of positively perceived expressives - in a literary text, Nicolae Filimon‟s novel “ Ciocoii vechi şi noi ” 1 . The purpose of the paper is to highlight the role of these subtypes of speech acts in contouring a human typology cha racterized by a specific relational system. The following parameters are taken into account: the environment in which the speech acts are produced, the target addressees, the object of the speech acts (concrete or abstract, moral or physical features of th e addressee) and the value ( inherently positive or attributed by the speaker) of the elements that mark the illocutionary force as positive. In the novel under consideration, there is a dichotomy between the characters with high moral qualities and the par venus – a social type definitory for the Phanariot times. Author‟s intention is to emphasize the victory of good and healthy moral principles.

Any theoretical analysis of a fragment of reality is carried out by means of abstract models and aims to capture the specificity of a phenomenon. Theorising may nevertheless prove insufficient if its descriptive analysis is not doubled by the establishment of regularities, so that the current state of the phenomenon and its subsequent evolution may be explained. This general framework also includes linguistic intensification, which reveals one’s permanent need to evaluate everything that enters one’s sphere of perception: objects, beings, states, processes etc. The means of expressing “intensity” are most diverse and, implicitly, sensitive to any type of nuancing of the speaker, because it uncloses the shape its mental representation socially takes. This paper aims to highlight a certain aspect in the complex act of evaluation, namely expressing highest/lowest intensity by means of suffixes. The study relies on the analysis of two modern related languages, Romanian and Spanish, and the corpus has been essentially selected from the most modern form of human communication, the computer-mediated one.

Taboo words usually reflect nonverbal taboos of cultural, religious or social realities. Speakers tend to avoid them and replace them by using euphemistic phrases or idioms. The present paper describes the evolutionary stages of a specific meaning for German notions related to madness and idiocy. It also focuses other aspects of language use for political correctness and for purposes of detabooisation.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the use of different types of set phrases (idiomatic or non-idiomatic) in English and Albanian. The paper is divided into two main parts; one reveals some theoretical background information about set phrases in both lang uages, and the other is more analytical by trying to collect concrete examples. It is based on the novel The Fifth Child (2001) by Doris Lessing and its Albanian variant Fëmija i pestë (2007) translated by Etleva Pushi. The main strategy for translating se t phrases from English into Albanian is that of paraphrase. The others include idiom to idiom translation (similar in meaning and form or similar in meaning, but dissimilar in form) and omission. This is the best way to contrast these units and discover si milarities and differences that exist among them.

What is the meaning of ‘nature’ in Asian cultures? How do Asian people perceive their relations to nature? What types of environmental ethics do Asian cultures exhibit? This paper considers these questions in two major Asian traditions, Indian and Chinese. It points out that the concept of nature has played a crucial role in Asian people’s lifestyles, beliefs, and ethical thinking. To them, nature is seen not merely as a means of livelihood, but rather the fountain of harmony, spirituality, and inspiration. The paper examines whether Asian environmental ethics is anthropocentric or nonanthropocentric. It concludes that, despite some limitations, Asian traditions nourish an alternative environmental ethic, which is a companionship with nature, and should be granted as a valuable resource for environmental education.

In this paper, we comparatively investigate Los Días de la Peste (2017), by Edmundo Paz Soldán, and Cadáver Exquisito (2018), by Agustina Bazterrica, from a concept that is still little explored in Latin American literary criticism: post-pessimism. We observe in the works similar perspectives in the narrative framework, such as: the figuration of social problems through dystopian narratives; the constitution of characters between resignation and stoic acceptance of the unfair experienced situations; the representation of different forms of violence as central axes of the novels.

The neighborhoods Downtown and Cidade Alta, in Novo Brazil/PA, in the Amazon, are separated by a slope and by a stigma built in the municipality that considers Cidade Alta a violent place. By means of semi-structured interviews and conversations with the residents of Cidade Alta, in this paper we aim to appreciate the educational and identity aspects of the neighborhood, in a municipality originated by a project of the Brazilian dictatorship that aimed to occupy the Amazon. The residents' memories make it possible to understand the narratives and the social dynamics of the neighborhood, beyond the stereotypes.

This paper analyses the activities of the Bacle lithography in Buenos Aires, and its ambivalent relationship with the governments of Juan Manuel de Rosas. This story is read in the light of two wider phenomena that were affecting the Atlantic world, namely the diffusion of new forms of visual politicisation linked to republicanism and the construction of interconnected and interdependent market economies. The lithography permitted and was sustained by the two aforementioned processes.

Due to colonization and migratory movements, the Portuguese language can be found all over the globe. In Japan, it is mainly spoken by the Brazilian and other Latin American immigrant communities that have been established there since the early 1990s, in most cases, employed as a cheap workforce. Since then, this newly emerged Portuguese variety underwent a process of language change: in the vocabulary and phonology. In this paper, we would like to provide examples and arguments that support the idea that this language variety is a sociolect.