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In June 2019, the Faculty of Arts of the University in Ljubljana and the Archives of the Republic of Slovenia organized an international scientific symposium "Works of Art on Parchment and Paper". Proceedings with 27 peer-reviewed articles were published in November 2019. Experts from the field of natural and humanistic sciences presented their results related to techniques of monuments' creation and their place in the time of creation; they presented relationships among artists and their audiences and presented problems of preservation, conservation, restoration and interpretation of art works on parchment and paper. The article gives a brief overview of the symposium and then focuses on the interconnection among humanistic and natural sciences and reflects the author's thoughts on the meaning and wholeness of research, knowledge collection and achievement of scientific goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light pollution measurements in Maribor, Gornja Radgona and Senovo [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological potential of hop biomass for paper and packaging production has been evaluated. Chemical composition of raw biomass including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, extractives and ash has been determined. Average portion of cellulose has ranged between 30 and 35%. Hop biomass has been delignified on laboratory level according to sulphate or kraft procedure with 38% pulp yield. The produced fibers have been examined under microscope after which optical and mechanical properties have been determined. Fibers are very dark (ISO whiteness 16,2%), inhomogeneous and have lower strength (breaking length 2942 m at 39 °SR drainability) compared to wood and hemp. By implementation of appropriate pretreatment of hop biomass as well as optimisation of delignification and refining processes it is possible to produce fibers and paper for packaging purposes on pilot level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Slovenian library and information science is involved in most advanced international trends and development in the field, consequently rather dynamic changes are imposed on Slovenian LIS terminology. Knjižnica is the top-ranking Slovenian LIS journal so it proves to be the best source for terminology studies and tracking recent advances. Construction of a specialised text corpus which will include all professional and scientific articles, published in Knjižnica in the period between 1997 and 2016, will foster quantitative and semantic analyses and support studies related to the usage of individual terms and collocations, including comparative examination of the national reference corpus. Methodology/approach: In compliance with the preset criteria 553 journal articles were selected and downloaded from the portal where they are published by Knjižnica in public access, they were subject to technical pre-processing and uploaded to the webbased Sketch Engine corpus tool. A tagged corpus comprising 2.4 million words was compiled and segmented into two subcorpora following a temporal scheme of publication. Comparative analyses involved other corpora as well, mostly the national reference corpus FidaPLUS comprising 621 million words. Results: The study was focused on quantitative analyses regarding the frequency of words and semantic relations in concordances, collocations and word sketches in the frame of the special corpus and the reference corpus comparatively. The hypothesis has been confirmed proving that journal articles published in Knjižnica provide a rich selection of traditional as well as most recent LIS related terms, but occuring in rather different collocations than it is the case with the same words in the reference corpus of the general language. A short analysis dealt with author keywords and their frequency in five-year periods of publication to show the subject focus point shift. Research limitation: The study was restricted by the moderate size of the corpus and the number of texts thus limiting the diversity and possibilities to extract less known and low frequency terms. The construction of a larger corpus containing all articles published by Knjižnica would be a feasible practical solution. Practical implications: The recently constructed specialised corpus, practical results achieved and know-how resulting from the study are a solid start point and support for further terminology studies providing useful sources for the updating of the dictionaries, automatic term extraction routine being one of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides detailed technical instructions and brief substantial guidelines to the prospective authors. The title should be informative but not too long. It can include a rhetorical question, allusion or wordplay, but only if carefully considered. The top title should be typeset in the IMS Paper Title Top style and the bottom one in the IMS Paper Title Bottom style. If the paper itself is not written in English, the top title should be in the language of the paper and the bottom title and abstract should be in English. If the paper is in English, the bottom title and abstract should be in Slovenian. British spelling should be used for the English text. The abstract should not exceed 250 words. It should be typeset in the IMS Abstract style. It should not have subtitles, sections or be divided into paragraphs. For an empirically oriented paper, the structure of the abstract should follow the structure of the paper (background, methods, results, conclusions); a non-empirical paper gives more freedom to the authors regarding the structure of the abstract. The footnote of the title page should list the authors' institutions (in the language of the paper) and provide contact information (name, address and e-mail of the corresponding author). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper has always been and it remains to be the primary information carrier though only 0.1% of the total information is recorded on this media. The paper production industry has a great impact on the environment which is mostly due to the use of raw materials (wood of conifers and deciduous trees), fillers (CaCO3), additional materials (dyes, glue, binders, retention aids), and chemicals (acids and bases). However, the greatest impact on the environment is caused by the extensive water consumption. To produce 1 ton of paper up to 60 m3 of fresh water are necessary. The water is not the only resource needed in the production cycle. Besides, the consumption of electrical energy (approximately 10,000 MJ/tpap), waste paper (paper represents 35 % of waste), and air pollution (paper production and transport) should be taken into consideration. In spite of the above mentioned environmental threats the paper still remains an important element of the everyday life and the use of modern information technology (personal computers, telefax, Internet) has increased its demand and consumption. It is important that the paper is produced from natural materials which are later released into environment without significant environmental consequences. The technology of paper recycling and re-use is widely known and a must of any responsible and professional social environment. Digitisation has increased the consumption of electrical energy as a consequence of production, use and reprocessing of different devices. Unlike a written record, a digital record has no permanent value and the electromagnetic field has a negative effect on the digital records. Digital records have to be constantly updated and adjusted to the computer software and hardware. A book and its content represent a treasure and an invaluable part of the cultural heritage. To use a book it is necessary to learn the alphabet whereas to read digital records we need to be computer and information literate. Negative effects of digitisation have affected the production of paper as the demand for graphic paper (newsprint, writing, printing paper) has decreased. The demand for raw materials, products and semi-manufactured products has decreased, too. Consequently, the level of investments in modernisation of equipment and in new production lines has been equally reduced. The proportion of employees directly or indirectly involved in the paper making and paper processing industry has been diminished. In the European Union paper and paper processing industry employ 1.9 million people in 200,000 enterprises representing 6.5 % of turnover in the production sector or 80 billion EUR or 16 billion EUR of the value added per year. The EU is expected to prevent the decline of paper and paper related industry (graphic, construction, logistic) which would endanger the production -- consumption cycle. After all, dismissals can ruin the social equilibrium. However, the paper production is faced with a difficult situation caused by digitisation. The competitiveness of the global market has an impact on the labour force costs, raw materials and energy products. Besides, production costs within the European Union are not competitive because of the EU Regulations and Directives which affect the price of raw materials, semi products and energy products. All these facts led to the decrease of workforce and the loss of market leading position and competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on collections of Slovenian folk songs published during the First World War, this paper presents Slovenian folk songs as an element of national identification during the Great War. The war period between 1914 and 1918 marked the beginning of the intense emancipation in Slovenian history, which was also reflected in the cultural sphere. At the beginning of the war, old military folk songs were revived in Slovenia, which easily identified with the events of the time and provided emotional and, above all, moral support for the mobilised Slovenian men. On the basis of an analysis of the lyrics of selected songs, are presented the elements of national identification, in which are also recognised their broader socio-cultural meaning. The liveliness of the songs among Slovenian soldiers at that time is sketched on the basis of analyses of photographs, records, occasional documents and unique sound recordings. The paper highlights the importance of Slovenian folk songs as a historical source in which intimate emotions of individuals can be recognised, as well as the collective memory and identifications of the larger community - the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to contribute to the study of the political allegorization of particularly topical Jewish folktales. The author has chosen for a detailed comparative study a post-biblical actualization of the biblical family story of the patriarch Abraham, which reveals the conflict between Abraham's wife Sarah and her servant Hagar and the related fate of the exile of Hagar's son Ishmael (Genesis 16 and 21). This paper uses the method of close reading to present the biblical narrative in Genesis 16 and 21 in order to trace the interpretations in later Jewish, Christian and Islamic traditions. Her comparison shows that folklore texts, in Judaism as well as in Christianity and Islam, have their own emphases, omissions and additions in relation to the original biblical text. Folklore texts therefore update the biblical texts quite freely. The author pays particular attention to the political actualisations of this narrative, which have been provoked by the numerous conflicts between the Jewish people and the Arab tribes, and the politicisation of the allegorical link between the Jews and the descendants of Isaac, and the Islamic peoples and the descendants of Ishmael, has been further heightened by the establishment of the State of Israel in the wake of the tragedy of the Holocaust. In this paper, the author presents different religio-political interpretations of the Abrahamic narrative, from the Christian one, in which Paul allegorically associates Hagar with the Jews, who did not accept Christianity and therefore remained children of the »old covenant,« and Sarah with the Christians, who, by accepting Christ, became heirs of the »new covenant« (Gal 4:21-26); through the Qur'an, which seeks to restore Abraham's firstborn and include him in various lists of righteous individuals; and on to the poetry of contemporary Jewish women poets, whose poems express their views on ethnic tensions between Jews and Arabs. In contrast to the Midrashic tradition, which sees Ishmael as a symbol of the enemy and Hagar as a symbolic mother of the enemy, their poems express sympathy for Hagar, who for them represents a weak, oppressed woman and mother, with a desire to put an end to the war that has been going on between the two ethnic groups for generations. By revealing the development of political actualisations of the Abrahamic narrative in the non-Biblical tradition from the earliest times to the present day, the paper underlines the great importance of the Bible and the post-Biblical folklore tradition not only in mirroring history but also for contemporary political life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radio Access Network (RAN) is becoming increasingly complex due to technological innovations, such as massive MIMO, network slicing, dual connectivity, dynamic spectrum allocation, etc. The complexity of the network is growing also due to the diversity of its implementation, various cell sizes, spatial provisioning, fixed wireless access, and different connection methods. This leads to high investment and operational costs for operators who are coping with the challenges of aligning with the market trends and technological development. Mobile networks are therefore shifting from closed architectures to open radio access networks (Open RAN or O-RAN). The paper analyses the differences between the traditional distributed radio access network (D-RAN) and the centralized radio access network (C-RAN). The modern concept disaggregates the base station, intelligent RAN controller, virtualization and open interfaces. The disaggregation allows separate processing of radio resources and protocol, optimizing the network. The intelligent RAN controller enables programmability, coordination with other networks, and the execution of optimization routines. Virtualization brings the possibility of better resource utilization, while open interfaces enable better connectivity and interoperability between different parts of the network. The paper emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages of ORAN. Advantages include interoperability, open interfaces, virtualization, functional disaggregation, and faster innovation. Disadvantages include complexity, security challenges, and the need for standardization. Despite these challenges, O-RAN promises greater flexibility, better resource utilization, and faster introduction of innovations into mobile networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given their incorporation into varying sociopolitical systems from the turn of the 20th century to 1954, as well as their varied ethnic composition, the regions of Istria and Dalmatia have experienced frequent instances of symbolic appropriation of movable culture and related subsequent demands for the restitution of the latter to the land of origin. In the paper, the author expounds upon the problem and fate of the movable cultural heritage of the area of today's Slovenian Istria, in particular Piran, through a series of works that once adorned the complex of Piran's cathedral, i.e., the Parish Church of St. George, the baptistery, the monastery of St. Francis, as well as a number of other churches in the town, the hospital and the town hall. Based on the existing literature and several unpublished archival sources, the paper explores the problem within the broader context of the administrative and political systems of the Austrian Littoral and, later, the Julian March, and within their respective heritage protection laws, examining in particular the reasons for the alienation of movable cultural heritage from this area and its consequences. It traces the fate of individual works of art removed from the churches, monastic buildings and secular institutions in the Piran area, some as early as the 19th century, but most of them in June 1940, when artworks were evacuated en masse from Koper, Izola, and Piran, and follows their transfer, first to Villa Manin in Passariano, then, in 1943, to San Daniele del Friuli and, after the war, to Rome. The author illustrates the "odysseys" of individual works of art, identifying their current locations, while also relating of the efforts or demands for their restitution on the part of the post-war authorities, and some of the divergences in the assessment and current views of this issue among Italian and Slovene scholars. Considerable attention is paid to the post-war situation, as well as to the establishment of the Museum of Piran (now called the Piran Maritime Museum) and the work of the Commission for the Protection of Monuments, which were both initially headed by Miroslav Pahor, who, at the time, was also in charge of the reorganisation and coordination of the old town library and archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ivan Milavec (1874-1915) is regarded as one of the most notable organ builders in our country, having built 39 pipe organs. His personal papers were discovered and arranged in 2023--this is the first time this has been done for a Slovenian professional in this field. This article includes a bibliography that looks at the master and his works from many angles, a list of his works, and a collection of archival materials concerning his legacy. Methodically organised data will serve as a solid foundation for future research, particularly the restoration of organs that are still unaltered, like the largest one in the Ljubljana Cathedral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper talks about the archival material of the Federal Committee for the organization of the transfer of the remains of fallen fighters, which was established on november 24, 1945 at the Ministry of the interior of the People's Republic of Slovenia. The tasks of the committee were: collection of requests for the transfer of remains of persons killed in war, collection of lists of individual or group graves, provision of financial resources and transport of remains or other tasks related to the organization of burials. The Federal Committee and the network of committees subordinate to it, which were established at lower administrative levels, formally functioned until their abolition at the end of 1948. The archive material of the Committee was handed over to the Secretariat for internal affairs of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia on December 27, 1967, and in 2022 professionally processed in the Archives of the Republic of Slovenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Public libraries have been using social networks more than ten years, but recently there has been a recognition of the potential to engage with young people and young adults through TikTok. This paper examines one of the first examples of a Slovenian public library's activities on TikTok, specifically looking at the case of Ljubljana City Library which established its profile on the platform in July 2020. Methodology/approach: The article involves a twopart structure. In the first part, the basic characteristics and development of the TikTok social network are presented. This is followed by a review of current literature, which highlights trends, guidelines, general findings, and specifically those relevant to (public) libraries. The article also includes a few examples of library profiles on TikTok from other countries. Additionally, the presence of public libraries in Slovenia on the TikTok social network is examined. The information about public libraries with a TikTok profile was obtained through research on the websites of over 150 European libraries. The second part of the article focuses on the case study of the Ljubljana City Library. Results: The article focuses on the example of Ljubljana City Library and provides insights into various aspects of their TikTok presence. It covers the beginnings of their operation, organization of work and posting, the method of posting, statistical data on users and followers, feedback from users, as well as the purpose and goals of posting on the social network. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that having a profile on TikTok has been beneficial for Ljubljana City Library. One notable statistics is that almost 40% of their followers are under 24 years old. This suggests that the library has successfully engaged with a younger audience through TikTok. Originality/applicability of the research: The article is relevant for Ljubljana City Library. It analyses and evaluates their previous work on TikTok, providing valuable insights and lessons learned. Furthermore, this research serves as an example of good practice for other libraries interested in utilizing TikTok. It offers practical guidance and inspiration for the development of similar activities on the social network. By showcasing the success and benefits of the Ljubljana City Library's TikTok profile, this article can motivate and encourage other libraries to explore the potential of TikTok as a platform for engaging with their target audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central question of the article is already formulated in the title. The author advocates a minimal definition of intelligence: intelligence is independent problem solving. The level of intelligence depends on the complexity of the problems and the degree of independence in solving them (Klaus Mainzer). According to this definition, the author notes that intelligent machines already exist. These are AI systems that are capable of deep learning. In the paper, the author presents criticisms of the claim that AI is intelligent in the literal sense and not just in the metaphorical sense. These criticisms are based on objections that can be divided into two basic groups. Proponents of the first line of criticism cite mental abilities (such as phenomenal consciousness and awareness) and aliveness as essential attributes of intelligence, rejecting the notion of artificial life as nonsense. Inanimate and non-mental systems are merely adaptive, not intelligent systems. Representatives of the second group claim that the indispensable characteristics of intelligence are generality, intuition, common sense and abduction. The author analyses the aforementioned criticisms and concludes that their proponents have not given good reasons against the minimal definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the role of image and beauty in the kerygmatic renewal of catechesis. In today’s technological age, the digital is no longer just part of existing cultures, but is emerging as a new culture that is changing the language and the way we think. The Catechesis is challenged to reflect on the form of the faith quest of digital youth and to adapt its vocabulary to the language of the new generations. The kerygmatic renewal of catechesis underlines the beauty of Christian life and salvation and of relationships in Christian communion and connects with the theology of beauty. Christianity needs to rediscover its beauty, the beauty of life with Christ, if it is to be attractive. The kerygma, the proclamation of God’s love and mercy, helps the individual to overcome fear and absurdity as he enters a new dimension of relationship that does not end in death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the first pioneers to try to reconcile the Catholic doctrine of creation, salvation and redemption with the idea of evolution was the French Jesuit Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. He believed that humanity has an important role to play in the further development of the universe, since human conscio usness or thought represents the highest stage of the evolution of the universe. This evolution was to be completed by reaching the Omega Point, which draws the universe and humanity towards the perfect complex interconnectedness. This is a distinctly teleological, finalistic view of the evolution of the universe and of life in it, and the Omega Point is associated with Christ, as depicted in some of the writings of the New Testament. In this paper, two hypotheses are put forward on the basis of Teilhard’s philosophy and proved by scientific facts. The first is that in the evolution of nature, that is, of the material universe (cosmogenesis), of life (abiogenesis) and of thought or spirit (noogenesis), we can see the solution of the original theological problem, namely, the evil of disconnectedness, by means of the integration of simple parts into a complex whole. The second hypothesis argues that modern technology is one of the phenomena of evolution, specifically of noogenesis, because by facilitating the flow of information and transdisciplinary learning, research and collaboration, it can foster the interweaving of simple thoughts and thinking persons into a complex whole. This is not to overlook the pressing problem where technology is not only connective but also disruptive, not because it is inherently bad, but because of the unhealthy spirit of a society that is immature to the new gains of humanity due to a weak moral consciousness. In this article we suggest that guidelines for the ethical use of technology should also be developed from the perspective of the Omega Point, namely from the ultimate full complex interconnectedness of creation, and that the motivation for following them should be found in the meaningful and realizes identity of the persons who use them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we attempt to show the impact of digital technology on the spread of Salafist ideas in the Balkans and to demonstrate that Haykel’s division of Salafists into active and clandestine Salafists is not entirely correct. In particular, we address the reasons for the spread of Salafism in the Balkans and explain how this affects the situation in Slovenia. Finally, we show the dual role of digital technology in Salafism, which is used both to disseminate a particular Islamic doctrine of faith and to search for evidence of preformed beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the evolving perception of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in our increasingly AI-driven world, focusing on conversational AI or chatbots. With the rise of human-like robotic AI systems, there is a growing need to understand the identity these machines assume as they take on roles previously reserved for humans, such as caring for the elderly and educating children. The central thesis posits that comprehending the identity of such AI systems necessitates considering the aspect of our own identity that we shape and project onto them in our interactions with these systems. In an era defined by AI, these inquiries into identity and AI-human interactions are of paramount importance and are also vital for the very development of AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional measurement methods are still widely used for recording cultural heritage objects. On the other hand, geodetic surveying and modern technologies such as 3D laser scanning can provide more accurate, geometrically consistent and extremely detailed data that can be used as a basis for detailed vector maps or 3D models. The main aim of our research was to investigate the complementary approach, using both traditional and modern methods, in order to produce detailed vector maps of the Romanesque church of St. Martin in Chapaize, France, which are essential for further unveiling its historic development. Geometrically, this church is rather extensive and has many irregularities in its shape. Our approach to the documentation process is presented and evaluated in this paper. We applied the Procrustes analysis for the ground floor map, which gave us an objective accuracy assessment. Point clouds of the bell tower acquired by two different laser instruments have also been compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper quality has a direct impact on a document's permanence and durability and on the costs of its use and protection, i.e. preservation. Permanence becomes important when the content of a document acquires cultural, scientific, historical or artistic value. The preservation of paper documents depends on the quality of the raw materials used for making the paper and the records. It also depends on the technologies used for the production of carriers and records, on conditions of storage and on methods of making such documents available for use. The article is a review of international standard specifications and recommendations for the field of the preservation of paper documents. In some countries these have been adopted as national standards and incorporated into national archival legislations as well as applied in everyday practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports on the results of a comparative corpus analysis of texts published in Primorski dnevnik, the Slovenian daily published in Italy, in 2020 and 2021. We contrast these texts with information from Slovenian corpora and language resources. The research is focused on the lexis connected with the Covid-19 epidemic as this topic brings about a number of specifics such as rapid genesis and determinologization, single- or self-referentiality, using loanwords (from English), etc. The research is based on corpus-linguistic survey of 618 issues (two volumes) of the Trieste daily newspaper Primorski dnevnik. We used this body of texts to create a corpus that can be used to discern the differences in the use of lexemes in different datasets. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the level of difference in the lexis of Standard Slovene on both sides of the border. For this reason, we chose to employ corpus methodology as it allows us to compare large bodies of data. The analysis confirmed our initial hypothesis that there is a high level of variation in language use in this region and that this variation cannot be attributed to the factors that normally explain the deviations from standard language, the effects of languages in contact and minority languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. On an example of a vehicle fleet using the V2G technology, the ability of electric vehicles (EVs) is demonstrated to participate in flexibility services to ensure the grid stability. A simple simulation tool in Python with the PuLP library, is developed to calculate the optimal scheduling of the EVs charging and discharging. The optimization written with linear programming assures minimum number of EV charging and discharging hours while meeting the EVs and grid requirements. From the aggregator's point of view, we found that the most suitable use case is the one with the EVs charged at 20% at plug-in and the required state of charge at disconnection at 80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sharpness of a digitally-captured image depends on several factors, including the optical, technological and settings parameters of the digital camera. It can be used as one of the criteria for a qualitative and objective assessment of a digital image capture system. The measurement of the spatial frequency response at a sharp edge is one of the most important methods for a quantitative assessment of the digital camera image sharpness. It evaluates the ability to resolve details in an image for a given combination of lens and sensors. The paper presents the theoretical background of the method and the measuring software tool used compliably with the ISO 12333 standard, and measurement results obtained with a digital camera, mobile phones, and a phone-handheld dermatoscope system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shaded-pole induction motors belong to the group of most used small electric motors in low-power applications ranging from a fraction of a watt up to few 100 W. They are most often found in fan drivers, small pumps, beverage dispensers, washing machines and many household appliances. They are frequently used due to their advanced manufacturing technology, cost effectiveness, robustness, reliability and low noise and vibration levels, despite their poor efficiency, which is usually below 40%. The shaded-pole motors are often designed as twopole machines. Depending on the construction of the stator package of the two-pole version, they can be divided into symmetrically and asymmetrically designed motors. The objective of the paper is to build a 2D finite-element-based numerical model of a C-shape shaded-pole induction machine (i.e., asymmetrical type) using the transient magnetic analysis. The impact of the number of the auxiliary winding turns and the rotor skewing angle on the resulting torque-speed curve and the torque pulsations is investigated. Finally, the possibility is considered to reduce the amount of the used material to simplify the manufacturing, which may be important for the recycling and/or reuse process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning is the domain of algorithms capable of learning from data to improve their performance on a task or set of tasks. Common machine learning tasks include classification, regression, and generative modelling. The most common modern example of machine learners in practical use is deep neural networks coupled with an extrinsic optimizer such as stochastic gradient descent. Recently, scaled-up large language models have shown increasing capabilities of incontext meta-learning, which has been used to improve their performance on language tasks through few-shot learning. In this paper, we show that pre-trained large language models can act as machine learners with regard to in-context data, without using extrinsic optimization tools or weight updates. By evaluating the language models’ inference time machine learning abilities on synthetic or appropriately transformed datasets, we conclusively show that they’re able to model complex relationships between data in the input context. This implies that inference-time machine learning tasks represent a meaningful capability evaluation task for large language models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2022, students of the two-subject master’s programme in teacher education at the Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, conducted an activity day on sustainable development at the Polhov Gradec elementary school, under the guidance of the university professors of Didactics of Geography 1 and 2 teachers. An introductory presentation of basic terms and concepts was followed by four workshops where students discussed the importance of local food supply, glacier melt and greenhouse effects, extreme natural phenomena and sustainable mobility, all while linking the topics to sustainable development and climate change. The paper describes in detail the organisation, implementation and final evaluation of the day of activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change threatens the health of Jelovica’s forests through storms, ice storms and the resulting bark beetles. This paper summarises and describes the activities that the JeloviZA project partners have undertaken to reduce the impacts of climate change in the Jelovica area. The challenge for stakeholders in the area is to maintain areas that are not overly affected by noise and visitors. This is also an important activity from the point of view of mitigating climate change, as it plays a protective role by preserving or creating a healthy, biodiverse forest with its many functions. The project will develop a participatory model for the management of the site that incorporates ecosystem services and is developed with innovative interpretation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate is constantly changing. In the second half of the 19th century, a period of global warming began that is widely recognised as being caused by mankind. After 1980, this process accelerated, also in Slovenia. This paper presents the changes in mean air temperature and precipitation for representative meteorological stations of climatic types in Slovenia for the period 1991-2020 compared to the period 1961-1990. In addition, the main characteristics of the climate typology for the most recent climatological period are presented and the changes compared to the 1961-1990 typology are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a new and innovative decision support system for electric arc furnace operators to optimise the process control efficiency. The system combines two tools, the EAF Simulator and EAF Optimiser, which contain advanced mechanistic and data-driven models. They have been trained using historical data and allow simulation of planned batches with real-time data. This provides operators with valuable information on how to adjust furnace settings. The main feature of the system is the intuitive graphical interface implemented in the Siemens MindSphere environment and Node- RED, which enables interactive analysis and management. The inter-face allows operators to analyse historical batches and compare them with simulations, as well as adjust various input data and melting parameters. Furthermore, the tools added benefit of being able to determine the optimal furnace settings to optimise the process and reduce operating costs, particularly energy consumption. The decision support system is a powerful digital twin that helps electric arc furnace operators make decisions and leads to more sustainable and efficient operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing number of the new types of devices, such as heat pumps, electric cars, solar power plants and battery storage systems, are posing significant challenges to modern power distribution networks in terms of their planning and operation due to their unexpected impact. The devices are already causing disruptions in the control and management of power distribution grids. The most significant issues are related to maintaining a proper voltage profile and thermal load of the power network components. The paper analyses the power distribution network hosting capacity from the perspective of production by simulating a real radial low-voltage distribution network. Two methods to calculate the hosting capacity are considered. The first is based on particle swarm optimization and the second is based on the sensitivity coefficients theory. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of both methods. They determine the operating points of solar power plants while considering the network operational criteria. The latter method is promising in terms of its computational efficiency and ability to serve as a basis for the algorithms to manage the flexibility of the power consumption and production in the power distribution networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares the official status of former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's constitutive nations in its former republics, with an emphasis on Slovenia and the Slovenians. The first part of the article focuses on legal aspects - do these nations qualify for the status of national minority in the above mentioned countries, on which level and which special collective rights are they granted; whereas the second part examines the existing implementation of minorities' rights, including teaching native languages, coverage of minorities-related topics in the media and financing their cultural activities. Slovenia has not recognised any minority status to these communities, but has entitled them with quite some rights in practice. For instance, it is the only country that cofinances free classes of native languages, in addition to including them as subjects in school programmes. Moreover, these national communities in Slovenia enjoy special media programmes, and cofinancing of the activities of their cultural associations. Slovenians are recognised as a minority in Croatia on the constitutional level and on the legislative level in Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. By contrast, Slovenian communities in North Macedonia, Montenegro and Kosovo are not acknowledged. Whereas Croatia and Serbia allocate some funds for cultural activities, Croatia is the only of these countries where the Slovenian language is also taught in schools. The author concludes that there is no interdependence between official minority status and actual rights entrusted by these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the establishment of the first Maribor higher schools, with special emphasis on what happened before and during the establishment of the Pedagogical Academy in Maribor. The paper is written based on pre-existing scientific literature, jubilee collections that were published on occasions of important anniversaries of the foundation, archival material kept by the Provincial Archives of Maribor and the Archives of the Republic of Slovenia, as well as reports from the newspapers of the time. The reform of higher education in Slovenia, which took place between 1953 and 1963, paved the way for the establishment of several higher schools in Maribor, where the demands and needs for the establishment of higher education had been evident for a long time. In the article, the authors partly focus on the enactment of laws pertaining to the establishment of Maribor higher education institutions by the authorities of the Slovenian republic, and thus also outline their views of the topic at the time. They interweave this with the efforts of the Maribor District People's Committee and some individuals. The establishment of the Pedagogical academy in Maribor was necessary due to the new principles regulating the education of the teaching staff, because at that time in Maribor there was merely a school for teachers that offered adequate education only for teaching staff of lower grades of primary schools. The Maribor District People's Committee even predicted it would be established as the first higher school, but due to various factors, it was actually founded as the last during the first wave of the establishment of higher schools in Maribor, in 1961. The important role that Maribor played in the establishment of the Pedagogical Academy is also indicated by the fact that the Maribor District People's Committee covered the costs of establishment and co-financing of regular activities (thirty percent). The city, which longed for the establishment of this higher education institution, thus took on a considerable financial burden. With the law establishing the Pedagogical Academy in Maribor, the city got its first college. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the first comprehensive research of two epigraphic inscriptions carved in Homeric Greek in the historical city centre of Koper. The older inscription is carved on the coat of arms of the podestà and captain Vincenzo Querini on the Fontico, from 1564. His escutcheon was combined with the motif of the vigilant crane (which serves as a crest on top of the helm), that holds a scroll in its beak, on which is carved the popular Homeric quote about sleep (Iliad XXII.24). It was meant to describe the virtue of vigilance, that was considered a necessary characteristic for rulers. The quote was carved in monumental Greek majuscule letters, it has no mistakes and is well preserved. The second inscription is carved on the slab dedicated to the podestà and captain Nicolò Grimani on the Praetorian Palace in 1603. It is a modified quotation, which was also copied from Homer's Iliad (XXII.387-388). The name of Patroclus, that is mentioned in the original text, was replaced with osdsv, the epic form of the genitive. The Greek text on Grimani's dedicatory slab has different types of errors. Some letters are incorrect (Λ instead of Α or Σ instead of Z), upsilon in the words ΓΟΥΝΛΤ and ΟΥΚ is carved as a ligature with omicron in the form of two circles. Diacritical signs were also carved, that are not used for majuscules. Furthermore, two forms the letter epsilon were employed, rectangular (E) and rounded (ϵ). Some mistakes could have been made by the stone carver and some by the transcriber, who prepared the text with majuscules. The Homeric verses on Grimani's slab were modified in exactly the same way by Justus Lipsius in one of his letters to Valens Acidalius from 1593, that were published in 1601 and 1603. Since his modification of these verses has the same mistakes and ligatures (ligature for the suffix έπι and 8), it is possible to infer, that Lipsius's quotation could have been used for the inscription dedicated to Grimani. Both of the Greek inscriptions in Koper are nothing unusual for the Venetian epigraphic monuments of this period. However, they are a very rare peculiarity in the region of the Istrian peninsula, especially because of their content and are thus, another testimony of the attachment of the educated elite of Koper to the cultural heritage of Ancient Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anton Korošec was from Biserjane, a village northeast of Sv. Jurij ob Ščavnici. He was born on the 12th of May 1872. His parents were Janez Korošec and Neža (née Ploj). After the wedding Janez and Neža bought a house in Biserjane 7 (20 today) and started a family. The colloquial name of the house was Bižik, and so Anton Korošec was known as Bižikov Tonček during his formative years. Today his family house still stands (with an addition). As far as Janez is concerned, in his son's later report cards he is always described as a landowner or a cottage owner. The Korošec family certainly did not have lots of money. They still were able to give Anton a good education, most probably with the help of relatives. Neža and Janez had two other children in addition to Anton. Their son Jakob was deceased by 1875. Their daughter Marija later married Jakob Sinko and had two sons of her own. They were named Jožef and Ivan. After them there was no further generations in the family, since neither one of Marija's sons had posterity. Jakob Ploj, a Slovenian patriot and lawyer based in Ptuj played a major role during the formation years of young Anton. Jakob supported young Anton for two years (while Anton was going to school in Ptuj) and obviously molded him into a vivid and nationally conscious person. Jakob's son (and consequently Anton's first cousin) was Miroslav Ploj, the one-time head of the Maribor oblast and Yugoslav senator during the 1920s and 1930s. Anton went to the gymnasium in Ptuj for one year (1884/1885) and after that switched to the one in Maribor (1885-1892). Fran Ilešič (1871-1942), the later university professor in Zagreb, a publicist and literary historian was in the same class as Korošec. Also, Ilešič was Korošec's compatriot. His hometown was Brezje is only 2,5 km away from where Korošec was from (Biserjane). During the schoolyear of 1886/87, Korošec had a man by the name of Leopold Pötsch as one of his teachers. The reason we are focusing on Pötsch specifically is the fact that Pötsch also taught Adolf Hitler (history) some decade and a half taler (in Linz). Not only was Pötsch able to make a positive impression on Hitler - the future politician regarded his history teacher as downright superb. Korošec, being Pötsch's student some fifteen years earlier probably did not share this opinion with the future dictator. We have no direct information regarding the opinion of the then fourteen- or fifteen-year-old Anton. We can take a guess and assert he probably did not think the world of Pötsch. As one of the Slovenian gymnasium students of the day, he was most probably a target of the scoff and ridicule of the German more national minded professors. In the fall of 1892 Anton Korošec began his studies at the seminary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lavant. He took part in the literary club of the Maribor seminarians and the paper entitled Lipica. This was a private, hand-written bulletin, which contained a few serious scientific disquisitions, but mostly literary and patriotic texts, poems, short stories, riddles, comedic stories and itineraries, as well as various translations from Serbian, Czech and English. Among the texts written by Korošec we find titles such as „V krščanstvu je rešitev!" („Deliverance is in Christianity!"), „Skrb za kmečki stan" („Concern for the country folk") ter „Skrb za dobro ime" („Concern for one's good reputation"). We see Korošec did not write light poetry but tr oubled himself with serious social problems. On 25th of June 1895 celebrated his first mass in his home parish, in the fall however, he returned to Maribor to finish his (fourth year of) studies at the seminary. During this same time period he met Janez Evangelist Krek for the very first time. Krek was a professor of theology in Ljubljana and later close collaborator of Korošec. After the end of his time in seminary Korošec became a chaplain first in Sladka gora pri Ponikvi (between August 1896 and March 1897) and after at Marenberg (until May 1898). After that he became a prefect of the Maribor seminary for highschool boys. He stayed there until June of 1902 when - due to his work in journalism and politics - he was given indefinite leave. After that he was never assigned to regular parish duties again. At the beginning of May 1898, he became involved in the leadership of a catholic weekly newspaper Slovenski gospodar in Maribor, as well as another paper named Südsteierische Post. In 1900 he acted as one of the founders of the newspaper Naš dom. During these years he got himself involved into a political quarrel with the editorial office of the newspaper Štajerc, printed in Ptuj. In this context he was even sentenced to six weeks in prison - time which he ended up never serving. The first time Korošec actively entered politics was in 1902. Et the end of that year he ran for a seat in the Styrian provincial assembly. He lost. The (today not so very clear) reasons for that most likely lie with Mihael Napotnik, the Lavantine bishop of the day. After that Korošec pressed on, his name soon becoming synonymous with a patriotic Lowerstyrian Slovenian. After his defeat in 1902 he first decided to get a doctoral education, before continuing to run for political office. At the end of his youth it all really started. He received his PhD in Theology from the University of Graz on the 11th of July 1905. In May of 1906 he was elected to the national assembly at Vienna. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary, he continued his political work in Yugoslavia. Among other things he served as minister for the interior, as well as minister for education. He died in December 1940 in Belgrade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quite a few important Slovene politicians joined the Paneuropean Movement of Count Richard Nikolaus Coudenhove-Kalergi, established in Vienna in the early 1920s. This paper deals mainly with the role of Josip Vilfan, the leading political figure of the Slovene minority in the Fascist Italy and President of the Congress of European Nationalities, within the Paneuropean Union of Coudenhove-Kalergi. Together with Anton Korošec, the leading Slovene politician in Yugoslavia at the time, Vilfan also attended the 1st Congress of the Paneuropean Union in Vienna in October 1926 with representatives from 24 nations. In his paper, written upon personal invitation of Coudenhove-Kalergi, Vilfan described the establishment and initial activities of the Congress of European Nationalities. The Paneuropean Movement was very active in the Interwar-Yugoslavia. The Slovene press welcomed the announcement of the European federation that Aristide Briand drafted in 1930 at the request of the League of Nations. Briand was appointed Honorary President of the Paneuropean Union, and one of the consequences of his initiative was the establishment of the Yugoslav section of the Paneuropean Union, headed by Momčilo Ninčić, former foreign minister of Yugoslavia. The Slovene press covered the sway of Paneuropean Movement with outstanding attention. In October 1932, for example, the leading newspaper Slovenec published a series of articles on the 3rd Congress of the Paneuropean Union in Basel, which Vilfan also attended. However, his role was not so prominent as envisaged initially by Coudenhove-Kalergi. Reading Vilfan's letters to Coudenhove-Kalergi, one gets the impression that Vilfan was not ready to intensify relations between the Paneuropean Union and the Congress of European Nationalities. The expansion of the totalitarian regimes on the eve of the Second World War suppressed the activities of both organizations. In Hitler's "New Order" in Europe, there was no room for the Paneuropean cooperation based on the pr otection of minority rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses enmities between burghers and other inhabitants of early modern Ljubljana, documented in town council records from 1521 to 1671. In traditional dispute settlement, the concept of enmity was closely related to violent retribution, which was antithetical to the ideals of urban communities, which since the Middle Ages had been established upon the renunciation of the right to feud. Focused on the conception of enmity in the Carniolan capital following the general prohibition of feuding in 1495, the paper analyses the role, language and emotional dimension of traditional practices of dispute settlement, their intertwinement with court proceedings and coexistence with criminal law. While town council records cannot provide a complete picture of the attitude towards enmity or feud in early modern Ljubljana, as no criminal court records survive, they are an important source for understanding social relations more broadly and, in particular, the manner in which everyday enmities that undermined ideals of neighbourliness were mediated by the secular authorities. The analysis shows that in Ljubljana the traditional conception of enmity as a public expression of hostility and discord - the opposite of the urban values of peace, concord and good neighbourliness - remained in use well into the seventeenth century, despite its normative prohibition, as did the traditional terms and emotions expressing this relationship, especially 'resentment', 'bitterness' and (just) 'anger', while 'rage' seems to have still been used very rarely to justify transgressions of social norms. Although physical violence did not always erupt in the investigated cases, and remained limited when it did, it was a viable threat in enmities, even when they were largely carried out before the town council or court. These were the central fora for both conducting and settling enmities among burghers, as well as other lay non-noble inhabitants of early modern Ljubljana. Underpinned by community mediation in disputes, the burgomaster, town judge and councillors principally acted as mediators and arbiters, attempting to lead conflicting parties to settlement before enmity was exacerbated into violence - in particularly bitter cases by forcing them to settle ex officio under threat of sanctions (heavy fines, prison sentences) or even 'harsher', i.e. corporal punishment. The council and court also retained traditional expressions of renewed friendship and neighbourliness, (mutual) public apologies and handshakes to demonstrate reconciliation between the parties. Consequently, the autonomous town authorities were instrumental for the long perseverance of traditional practices of dispute settlement in Ljubljana, which is comparable to findings elsewhere in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the Koper Captains of the Slavs (Capitaneus Sclavorum Justinopolis), named after the ethnic/linguistic character of the Koper countryside over which they held jurisdiction during the Venetian period from 1349 until the beginning of the nineteenth century. It is certainly, at least in name, a unique position that has thus far been insufficiently researched. The main source for this study is the Book of the Koper Captains of the Slavs from the old Koper archives, kept at the State Archives of Venice (ASVe), which has not yet received a proper presentation, as well as archival sources of some other Venetian institutions. The paper also includes a Slovene translation of this document in the appendix. The book contains various stipulations from 1587 to 1724, especially regarding the collection of taxes, as well as general stipulations on the jurisdiction of the Captain of the Slavs. Its analysis shows that the annual obligations of the 42 Koper villages amounted to 2,605 lire and 8 solidi, of which the Koper Podesta and Captain received a bit over 419 lire, and the Captain of the Slavs a bit over 544 lire. In addition, the villagers had to pay special taxes during the Rižana fair (Assumption of Mary, 15 August), at Carnival, Easter, Martinmas, also some for Christmas and for hunting permits. Furthermore, they had to pay contributions for the wood for the maintenance of the Koper bridge, for the town bell ringer and the town clock. On individual village holidays, the village mayors also had to entertain the Captain of the Slavs and his entourage in addition to handing over the collected special contributions. The village's obligations to the fiscal (provincial) chamber amounted to a bit over 515 lire. In short, the obligations of the Koper villages to their Captain were substantial, especially if we take into account the numerous testimonies of the poverty of these villages at the time. The Koper Captain of the Slavs had a special role especially in the military organization of the Koper commune. He was responsible for the defence in the Koper countryside, oversaw border disputes between village communes, collected taxes, and was also in charge of lower-court matters. In addition, the organization of defence and control of the Venetian-Habsburg (Imperial) border played an extremely important role during various epidemics, as quarantines for travellers coming from infected areas were established in the defence posts manned by peasant soldiers (cernida) under the command of the Captain of the Slavs. From the viewpoint of social history and also for further research and comparisons, the Book of the Captain of the Slavs is very important, because in addition to the position's established centuries-long jurisdictions and role in the Koper commune, it also provides interesting details about the monetary value of contributions, from which we can understand the commune's social pulse, individual village fairs and the role of mayors and, in particular, which economic sectors or, rather, crops important for survival dominated the Koper countryside during the centuries of Venetian rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the biggest problems in the Slovak cadastre is the quality of maps. Approximately half of them require a new mapping. The quality of the other half is also not high, and they include local shifts. The paper deals with a proposal for a new way of their renewal Cadastral Operate Renewal by Correction (RbC). This process is based on a transformation of the part of the map with local shifts using a new GNSS measurement. The process has three main stages-homogeneity analysis, transformation, and final control. 1he result of the RbC process is a renewed cadastral map without any local shifts. Another goal of this paper is to test this process in a choosen cadastral unit and to analyse the results. If the testing is successful, this process could be a fast and cheap alternative to a new mapping in case of these cadastral maps with local shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the integration of anthropology in Slovenian history over the last decade. It is based on an analysis of 1,707 papers published between 2009 and 2021 in four representative history journals, Studia Historica Slovenica, Zgodovinski časopis, Acta Histriae and Annales, Series Historia et Sociologia. A content analysis of papers reveals the integration of the field of history and analyzes the embedding of anthropological content in Slovenian history. The results show (1) that there are 18 distinctive thematic areas in Slovenian history research in the sample under consideration, (2) that the topics can be categorized into 4 groups: (a) National topics (b) Military topics, (c) Local topics and (d) Church-biographical themes, (3) that the presence and relationships between the central themes appears to be uniform from 2009, (4) that the field appears to be strongly masculinized, (5) that history has a strong basis in the humanities, (6) that the themes show a relatively limited range, and (7) that anthropology comprises an integral part of the study of Slovenian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a QR code and its ability to maintain the information even when part of the code is damaged, or, in our case, replaced with a functionalized field, which carries different types of information which are additionaly coded. As the QR code is used for advanced product labels, links, menus, etc., an additional information provides an important dynamic information about the product. The main issue solved in the paper is how to keep the temperature track of the product environment and incorporate it in the QR code. The solution for temperature tracking are temperature irreversible pigments functionalized for different temperature ranges. The paper presents the QR code with a functionalized central area, reader of such code and information transfer to the server for future processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acronym DevOps represents the interdependence between two IT areas, development and operations, while DevSecOps includes also security area. Although automation and orchestration represent well known approaches, the terms are often used inconsistently. This paper presents and defines the main concepts and principles needed for understanding and structuring the area. While the term automation simply means the use of tools for performing individual tasks, such as installation and integration, orchestration is a more complex process of synchronising and managing larger groups of tasks, often running in the cloud. Tools and standards are still being developed and their compatibility is limited, however the benefits of its proper use can be substantial. The paper overviews the field, the role in application development, the shortcomings of technologies and tools, and the main challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to showcase the archival material of Concert Management Maribor. It operated under the auspices of various cultural organisations from 1946 to 1992, when the tradition of one of the most important programmes of cultural life in Maribor was perpetuated and upgraded by the public institution Cultural and Event Centre Narodni dom Maribor. The Concert Management Maribor's archives contain information on the organisation's operations, sponsorship agreements, event statistics, correspondence, advertising materials, photographs, media articles, and dedications as well as autographs from prominent musicians, among other things. In 2022, it was acquired by the Regional Archives of Maribor for the period between 1946 and 1992. The descriptive method, the analysis of newspaper sources, and the analysis of preserved documentation were used in the preparation of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until the 1980s, Slovenia lacked a venue that could accommodate large-scale musical and stage performances or large-scale international congresses. With the support of the political leadership, the wish of the cultural workers began to come true in 1976, and Cankarjev dom, built according to the plans of architect Ed Ravnikar, began its mission in 1981 and symbolically and effectively became the national cultural and political hub. The paper sheds light on some of the steps and dilemmas in the creation and early operation of Cankarjev dom. The building was positioned within the Trg republike [The Republic Square] design concept and has a gross area of little more than 38,000 m2. Due to the high rate of inflation and scarcity of foreign currency, the construction and furnishing of Cankarjev dom were delayed. The activity of the institution was basically designed in two directions: as a cultural and congress-business activity. Although different, the two components work well together, complement each other, and provide favourable conditions for demanding users, including those from the sectors of science and economy as well as those related to culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the ideologically charged toponomastic policy of the Slovenian communist authorities in the Primorska region. As part of the establishment of a new political and social order, the communist authorities renamed many settlements in the area. This process can be understood as part of a wider cultural revolution, which was supposed to establish a new form of society. The renamings took place on the basis of the provisions of the Act on the Names of Settlements, which was adopted by the Assembly of the then People's Republic of Slovenia in mid-February 1948. The renamings mainly affected settlements whose names originated from the Catholic heritage, as well as toponyms with German origins. Despite the clear limits of ideological acceptability and the Communist Party's monopoly of rule, the process of renaming underwent several changes, and it cannot be characterized simply as a bare imposition by central state bodies. The original large-scale renaming plan was partially abandoned after the conflict between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. The renaming process then dragged on until 1955. In addition, local communities also actively participated in the process, which could at least to a certain extent influence the choice of new names, and in rare cases even represented the leading force in efforts to carry out renamings. It seems that the nationalist element of the communist toponomastic policy enjoyed a lot of support, while the confrontation with the Catholic-marked place names was met with less enthusiasm. The process thus shows the continuity of some elements of ideologically marked spatial policies in the border area of the northern Adriatic, which, despite slogans about a break with the past, continued even in the new political system after the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Autumn of 1681, towards the close of the worst plague epidemic to hit early modern Lower Styria, a dispute between the Žalec market-town councillor Johann Christoph Pilpach and Ferdinand Baron Miglio from the nearby Plumberk manor erupted into violence. With the help of soldiers whom Pilpach acquired from the Counts of Strassoldo from Krško in Carniola, he raided Miglio's manor during his absence, threatening to serve him lead 'cherries' (bullets), for which the nobleman avenged himself by ransacking the market-burgher's house in Žalec. This paper analyses the rather unusual, active enmity between two socially unequal adversaries through traditional practices of conducting and settling disputes, which also enables a look at other social relations among this conflict's main actors. Due to very fragmentary sources, it is unknown what set it off, although Pilpach's ransacking of the manor suggests that it might have been due to Miglio's debts to the affluent market-burgher. Perhaps their dispute was connected to the one between the baron and the Fraziolis, the former administrators of his manor, or to a dispute the Fraziolis or Pilpachs might have had with the Žalec market-burgher family Galič (Galitsch), the new administrators of Plumberk. The ensuing violence is better documented. Pilpach's raid on Plumberk manor was co-organised by his son-in-law, Gregor Rozman, who sought help from the Strassoldos. While the exact nature of their relationship with the counts is obscure, it had to be close for an important noble family to lend its soldiers to two market-burghers. Maybe the Strassoldos' help was also related to disputes they themselves might have had with Miglio. Pilpach's social capital was quite possibly further predicated on the marriage of a lesser line of the Valvasor noble family to the Pilpachs from Žalec in early 1680. These connections most likely levelled the field once the market-burgher's dispute with the baron broke out into violence. Miglio's response in September 1681 essentially mirrored Pilpach's actions: ransacking his home under arms, threats with violence and death, stealing his horses, killing his poultry, etc. Maybe the equal response was completely by chance, but, conceivably, the expected reciprocity of violence in enmities also played a role. In the end, Miglio had to justify his actions in court as a measured response to an affront. The violence was exacerbated when Pilpach opted for a recourse to law, after failing to obtain satisfaction (restitution of honour and damages) from Miglio for the attack. Pilpach's attempt to serve a writ to the baron ended with Miglio almost cudgelling the messenger to death, rejecting the attempt as insolence. Despite going to court, the settlement of their dispute or at least the violence seems to have been extra-curial, as was common in enmities among the elite. Likewise, the only intervention by princely authorities seems to have been a demand that Miglio accept the writ, even though violent enmities or feuds broke the provincial (and Imperial) peace and, which was even more critical, attacks on the socially superior upset the social order. There were certainly no grave consequences for Pilpach, who is attested as the Žalec market-town judge in 1684. All of this suggests that the social differences between him and Miglio were formal rather than factual, underpinned by Pilpach's close connections to influential noble families and, probably, also by the fact that the Miglios' rise to nobility was rather recent. His 'equality' with the baron in their enmity probably also helped Pilpach to improve his social standing. Although it is unknown when exactly peace between the baron and Pilpach was made, the plague that decimated Žalec in 1683 seems as a plausible mitigating factor. In any case, in early 1684, Pilpach's wife Ursula Elisabeth and his former enemy Jakob Galič, Miglio's administrator of Plumberk, became godparents to a child of one of their market-town neighbours. This indicates that their enmity was over, most likely following or as part of the peace made between Pilpach and Miglio, since settlement generally included 'all the people' of the conflicting parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes and interprets the influence of the theories of the German philosopher Martin Heidegger, with special emphasis on his work Being and Time from 1927, on one of the most important Italian ethno--anthropologists of the second half of the twentieth century -- Ernesto de Martino. Although this influence is well known, this paper shows that de Martino was not a mere follower of Heidegger, but adapted the specifics of his theory to findings in local contexts he researched, primarily in southern Italy. Moreover, both authors were oriented towards rural areas: Heidegger was tied to countryside of southern Germany as the source of his work and action, while de Martino wrote his most famous works exploring the rural areas of the Basilicata, Puglia and Campania regions. The extremely difficult existential situation he encountered there in the 1950s influenced the elaboration of topics that were commonplace in these zones: crises, death, dying and destorification. In addition to theoretical connections, this paper also touches on the inevitable political activities of both authors during the '20s and '30s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of documents from the newly opened Vatican archives, this paper presents the background of a campaign of pressure that led to the forced resignation of the last Slovenian bishop in Venezia Giulia, Frančišek Borgia Sedej. This documentation sheds light on the background of the events instigated by „higher interests of the Church“ („per causa di supremi interessi della Chiesa“), which eventually culminated in the forced resignation (removal) of the Archbishop of Gorizia. What is readily apparent in these events is the role of the special papal envoy, apostolic visitor Bishop Luca Pasetto, who first arrived in Venezia Giulia in December 1930 and prepared for the Secretary of State, Cardinal Pacelli, an extremely detailed and comprehensive visitation report on the situation within the Church in Venezia Giulia and, in particular, on that of the Slovene and Croatian clergy and principally Archbishop Sedej. This report, presented in this article, shows the visitor‘s perception of the situation, his attitude towards Archbishop Sedej and the Bishop of Trieste, Alojzij Fogar. The report appears to have had a long-term impact on how the Vatican perceived the activities of the Slovene and Croatian clergy in Venezia Giulia. On his second arrival in Venezia Giulia in October 1931, the visitor, on the direct authority from Pope Pius XI, demanded and forced the resignation of Archbishop Sedej. After his resignation, the worst happened: the title of apostolic administrator of the Archdiocese of Gorizia was conferred upon the Italian nationalist, supporter of Italianisation and the fascist regime, Giovanni Sirotti. This paper presents the reaction of the Yugoslav press to the resignation of the Archbishop and the appointment of Giovanni Sirotti as administrator. It also focuses on the reports of the Papal Nuncio in Belgrade, Ermenegildo Pellegrinetti, a high-ranking diplomat, who was active within a broad network of trustees in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between the two world wars and was also a leading expert on the ecclesiastical and political situation in Yugoslavia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that many Roman jurists were faced with the outbreak of the devastating Antonine plague (169−194 AD) and that the major parts of the Justinian’s codification were redacted during the first outbreak of the plague in Constantinople (531), there is no direct mention of the possible effects of the epidemics on the civil law and procedure. It is therefore dubious why medieval legal scholars, although confronted by the persistent threat of the Black Death, hesitated to write on it. It was not until the 1520s that Italian jurists, Ripa and Previdelli, composed tractatus on the so-called plague privileges (privilegia pestis). The authors creatively discussed to what extent the legal practice could approach the urgent easing of the rather rigorous principles of the ius commune. Both Ripa and Previdelli focused themselves on the privileges affecting the contract law, wills, and the law of civil procedure. There are two conflicting conceptual views the jurists had to balance: firstly, the plague as perceived by Bartolus was a war of God against the wicked people. Therefore, jurists tended to grant many military privileges, to the people vexed by the plague. These relaxations of law however, had to be applied in a restrictive manner. The plague, as a just punishment for the sins could not bolster an imprudent grant of the privileges. The tractatus of Ripa and Previdelli remained an authoritative statement of communis opinio doctorum up to the codification era. Furthermore, they have influenced rather scarce provisions of modern European civil codifications. The paper focuses on the provisions of the Austrian General Civil Code (1811) concerning the legal regime during the epidemic outbreaks. The paper shows that the legal science of the early modern era, vexed by a constant threat of the epidemic outbreak, did not stay silent on the relaxations of legal rules in a highly discordant circumstance of the health emergency periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents research of suitability of different assistive technologies for people with sensory or physical disabilities. The findings presented are the result of the research project titled The Impact of the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolutions on the Lives of People with Disabilities. The paper presents approaches for ensuring accessibility of multimedia content for people with different disabilities: deaf or hard of hearing, blind or partially sighted, and physically handicapped. An analysis of the identified aids is presented, with the results of evaluation interviews. Interviews were conducted with interviewees representing each disability group. Finally, the legislative perspective on assistive devices is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]