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Diplomska naloga je sestavljena iz teoretičnega in empiričnega dela. Pri teoretičnem delu je bilo opredeljeno, da je hospitalizacija psihično in fizično nazadovanje otrok, kateri se dlje časa zdravijo v bolnišnični ustanovi. Poznamo različne vrste hospitalizacije, in sicer: psihično hospitalizacijo, fizično hospitalizacijo in infekcijsko hospitalizacijo. Vsaka hospitalizacija drugače vpliva na otroka. Otroci pred, med in po zdravljenju v bolnišnici doživljajo različne travme in negativne občutke. Pogosto so prestrašeni in žalostni. Odziv otrok na hospitalizacijo je odvisen od več dejavnikov. Med zdravljenjem v bolnišnici pa lahko otroci utrpijo tudi dodatne fizične poškodbe in/ali infekcijske okužbe. Z empirično raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti, kako vpliva hospitalizacija na predšolske otroke in kako se na to le-ti odzovejo. Cilj empirične raziskave je ugotoviti čustven vpliv hospitalizacije na predšolskega otroka, odziv otroka na bolezen, odziv otroka na hospitalizacijo in vpliv sobivanja matere v bolnišnici na otroka. Diplomsko delo temelji na deskriptivni in kavzalno – neeksperimentalni metodi pedagoškega raziskovanja. Podatke smo pridobili s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika z odprtim in zaprtim tipom vprašanj. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 48 staršev predšolskih otrok, kateri so se zdravili v bolnišnici. Analiza podatkov je pokazala, da ima hospitalizacija močan vpliv na otroka, tudi čustven. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je ločitev od staršev vplivala na psihično reakcijo otrok, ter da so tisti otroci, ki so sobivali skupaj z materjo v bolnišnici, imeli manj problemov, prav tako pa so le-ti hitreje okrevali. Večina otrok po odpustu iz bolnišnice ni utrpela nobenih posledic. The thesis consists of theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part it has been defined that hospitalization is physical and psyhological decline of a child, which is treated for a long time treated in a hospital establishment. There are different types of hospitalisation: mental hospitalisation, physical and infectious hospitalisation. Each child is affected differrently by the hospitalisation. Children before, during and after treatment in s hospital establishment undergo various traumas and negative feelings. They are often frightened and sad. Reactions of children to hospitalisation depend on many different factors. During their treatment in a hospital children can also suffer additional physical damage and/or infectious infection. With this study we wanted to determine the impact of hospitalisation on pre-school children and how they react. The objective of the empirical study is to determine the emotional impact of hospitalisation on a pre-school child, child reaction to the disease, childs reaction to the hospitalisation and the impact of rooming-in of mother with the child in the hospital. The thesis is based on descriptive and causal-experimental method of pedagogical research. The data was collected through a questionnaire with open and closed type of questions. 48 parents of pres-chool children, who were treated in a hospital, participated in the questionnaire research. Data analysis showed that hospitalisation has a strong impact on a child, including emotional impact. The analysis showed that the separation of the parents affect the psychological reaction of a child, and that those children who have rooming-in with their mother in the hospital had fewer problems and recovered faster. After discharge from the hospital most of the children did not suffer any consequences.

Najprimernejši čas, da ženska novorojenčku ponudi dojko je prve pol ure po rojstvu, saj je takrat novorojenček buden in zainteresiran za dojenje. Otrok se bo na maminih prsih umiril, saj pozna bitje materinega srca, njen glas in vonj mu dajeta občutek varnosti. Po tem prvem stiku oziroma dojenju se bo novorojenček umiril in navadno počivajo do 12 ur. V Novorojenčku prijazni porodnišnici dojenja ne omejujemo in veliko novorojenčkov se v prvih dneh po rojstvu doji neprenehoma dokler ne pride do navala mleka. Nekateri novorojenčki se dojijo zelo pogosto, spet drugi so v prvih dneh po rojstvu zelo zaspani in nezainteresirani za dojenje. Običajno so ženske precej zaskrbljene zaradi takšnih vzorcev dojenja, zato je velikega pomena, da ženska razume pomen in koristi takšnega obnašanja novorojenčka. Metodologija dela. Opravili smo raziskavo v Splošni bolnišnici Slovenj Gradec na porodnem oddelku. Želeli smo predstaviti Novorojencu prijazno porodnišnico, pomen dojenja v NPP ter raziskati kako učinkovito je zdravstveno vzgojno delo v porodnišnici. Uporabili smo delno strukturiran vprašalnik, ki je vseboval 18 vprašanj in za prikaz uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Rezultati raziskave. Ugotovili smo, kakšen je pomen dojenja in da je zdravstveno vzgojno delo v porodnišnici zelo učinkovito. Sklep. Zmeraj manj velja prepričanje, da mora novorojenček jesti na tri ure, saj je v današnjem času na voljo veliko različnih virov, kjer lahko pridobijo informacije o dojenju. V naši porodnišnici vzpodbujamo dojenje na željo novorojenca, da novorojenčki tudi ponoči pogosto sesajo, saj se takrat izloča precej hormona prolaktin, ki je odgovoren za tvorbo mleka. Da ženske lažje prebrodijo prve dni in pridobijo zaupanje vase potrebujejo veliko podpore in pomoči s strani medicinske sestre ter informacij o normalnem obnašanju novorojenčka. Izrednega pomena je individualen pristop medicinske sestre k doječi ženski, upoštevati mora tudi njene psihične, fizične in socialne potrebe saj le tako lahko zagotavlja kakovostno zdravstveno nego ženske in novorojenčka. The most appropriate time for a mother to try breastfeeding her newborn is half an hour after its birth since that is when the newborn is awake and interested in breastfeeding. On its mother’s breasts the baby will calm down since it knows the rhythm of her heart, and her voice and smell will make it feel secure. After the first contact, i.e. the first breastfeed, the newborn will settle down and usually rest for up to 12 hours. In a newborn-friendly maternity hospital breastfeeding is not limited and many newborns continue to breastfeed constantly in the first days after birth. In the first few days after birth some newborns breastfeed very frequently, but others seem very sleepy and uninterested in breastfeeding. Different patterns of breastfeeding usually lead to worried mothers, which is why it is crucial for a mother to understand the meaning and benefits of such newborn behaviour. Work methodology Research was carried out at the maternity ward of the Slovenj Gradec General Hospital. Our aim was to present a newborn-friendly maternity hospital (NFMH), the importance of breastfeeding in NFMHs and to explore the efficiency of medical educational work in maternity hospitals. A partially structured questionnaire with 18 questions and a descriptive work method was used. Research results The importance of breastfeeding and the high efficiency of medical educational work in maternity hospitals were established. Conclusion The belief that a newborn should be fed every three hours is increasingly less common, since there are several different sources available nowadays where parents can obtain information about breastfeeding. In our maternity hospital breastfeeding at the newborn’s request is encouraged in order to ensure frequent breastfeeding at night, since that is the time when a lot of the prolactin hormone, needed for the production of milk, is released. New mothers need a lot of support and help from nurses, as well as information on normal newborn behaviour in order to be able to cope with the first few days and to gain confidence in themselves. The individual approach of the nurses is crucial since the mother’s psychological, physical and social needs have to be taken into account in order to ensure high-quality medical care for the mother and the newborn.

Diplomsko delo govori o pomenu oskrbe popka pri novorojenčku. Opisana je anatomija popka, možne prirojene napake in možne komplikacije v obdobju novorojenčka. Predstavljeni so načini oskrbe popka, katera sredstva in materiale se uporabljajo ter standard zdravstvene nege oskrbe popka. Poudarjen je pomen zdravstveno-vzgojnega dela medicinskih sester v porodnišnici, dispanzerju za predšolske otroke in patronažni službi in pomen vloge ima šole za starše. V empiričnem delu so predstavljeni rezultati raziskave, ki smo jo izvedli s pomočjo anonimnega anketnega vprašalnika. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih šestdeset mater zdravih novorojenčkov, ki so obiskale posvetovalnico v zasebnem otroško posvetovalnico v Slovenskih Konjicah. Raziskava je potekala od junija do septembra 2008. Želeli smo ugotoviti, ali so matere pridobile dovolj informacij o oskrbi popka od medicinskih sester v porodnišnici, ali so se matere počutile varneje če je bil novorojenčkov popek pokrit in ugotoviti, ali je bil delež okužb zanemarljiv. Na podlagi analize pridobljenih rezultatov smo ugotovili, da so matere pridobile dovolj informacij o oskrbi popka od medicinskih sester v porodnišnici, da so se delno strinjale, da je novorojenčkov popek pokrit. Rezultati pa so tudi pokazali, da delež okužb ni zanemarljiv. The diplom speaks about meaning of newborns umbilical care. It describes umbilical anatomy, posible inborn anomalies and complications in newborn period. It presents means, materials and standards of umbilical care. Emphatically there is weight on health educational labor of nurses within maternity hospital , dispensary upon preschooled children and how meaningfull is patroness work in school for parents. The results of resurce are presented in emperical part of sheepskin work that I gain through anominus questining form. The research included sixty mothers of heathy newborns, who have visited counceling in private childrens dispensary in Slovenske Konjice. The research was running from June to September of 2008. the purpose of research was to determine what kind of knowlage do mathers of newborns have on umbilical care. Where did they recive the most infromation about umbilical care and how was that useful with well groomed newborn. On grounds of analizing gaind results we have concluded that mothers want to recive as much information as posible on umbilical care an they are aware of importance of umbilical care. The results have shown that the prcent of infections is not to be ignored.