Search

Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti nove tehnologije na kontejnerskih terminalih. V prvem delu diplomske naloge je predstavljeno na splošno o kontejnerskem transportu. Predstavljene so ključne značilnosti, zgodovina, razlogi za razvoj kontejnerskega transporta in njegov ekonomski pomen. V drugem delu so predstavljene kontejnerske ladje in kontejnerski terminali. Predstavljen je tudi pomen ladijskega kontejnerskega transporta. Tretji del zajema predstavitev delovanja terminala. Predstavljeni so vhodni transport na terminal, notranji transport po terminalu ter izhodni transport s terminala. Predstavljeni so tudi operacijski sistem kontejnerskih terminalov ter dva največja kontejnerska terminala glede na pretovor TEU. Predstavljena sta terminala, ki se nahajata v Evropi in Aziji. V četrtem delu diplomske naloge sta predstavljeni infrastruktura in suprastruktura terminalov. Predstavljena je manipulacijska oprema za manipulacije na terminalu in ostala oprema, ki je potrebna za nemoteno obratovanje terminalov. Peti del zajema predstavitev novih tehnologij, ki se uporabljajo na modernih terminalih. Predstavljeni so tehnološki razvoj kontejnerskih terminalov skozi čas in moderne tehnologije, uporabljene na kontejnerskih terminalih. Predstavljene so tudi tehnologije, ki naj bi služile kontejnerskim terminalom prihodnosti, in izzivi pri vzpostavljanju IoT na terminalih. V zadnjem delu diplomske naloge je predstavljen kontejnerski terminal prihodnosti – Tuas Singapur, ki naj bi bil zgrajen do leta 2040 in bil največji avtomatiziran terminal na svetu. The purpose of diploma is to present new technologies on container terminals. In the first part of diploma is a general describtion of container transport. Presented are the key characteristics, history and reasons for the development of container transport and its economic. In the second part the container ships and container terminals and the importance of container transport is presented. The third part is about terminal operations. The operations are divided in three parts: the incoming transport into the terminal, the internal transport via the terminal, and the output transport from the terminal. In this part it is also described the operating system of container terminals and the presentation of two biggest terminals in the world by TEU, which are located in Europe and Asia. In the fourth part of the diploma the infrastructure and suprastructure of container terminals are presented. It is also presented the manipulations on the terminal and other equipment which is necessary for the smooth operations on terminals. The penultimate part of diploma includes a presentation of new technologies on container terminals, which are used on modern terminals. The presentation includes also modern technologies that are supposed to serve the container terminals of the future. It is also describing the challenges of implementing Internet of Things in terminals. In the last part of the diploma the terminal of the future is presented. This is the Tuas Singapore terminal, which is expected to be built by 2040 and would be the largest automated terminal in the world.

Skladiščenje – neizbežna funkcija, ki je nujna za premostitev raznoraznih ovir, s katerimi se srečamo skozi celotno obdobje, bodisi delovanja podjetja, organizacije, oskrbovalne verige itn. Drugače rečeno, če nimamo direktne oskrbe od mesta proizvodnje, do mesta potrošnje, potrebujemo vmesnik/blažilec ang. »buffer«, t.j.– skladišče. V prvem delu diplomskega dela bomo prikazali teoretični del skladiščenja. Navedli bomo kaj je v osnovi skladiščenje, od česa je odvisna njegova postavitev, kateri so procesi, ki se odvijajo v njem ter kakšna oprema se potrebuje za izvajanje skladiščenja. V drugem delu pa bomo teoretične osnove uporabili za prikaz na primeru iz prakse, kjer se bomo podrobneje srečali s problemom manipulacij in pomanjkanjem prostora za skladiščenje ter na izpostavljene probleme podali rešitve učinkovitejšega skladiščnega poslovanja. Warehousing - an inevitable function that is necessary to overcome the various obstacles that we face throughout the period, be it the operation of a company, organization, supply chain, etc. That being said, if we do not have direct supply from the place of production, to the place of consumption, we need an interface / buffer - storage. In the first part of the diploma thesis we will deepen into the theoretical part of storage. We will find out what storage is, what its layout depends on, what processes take place in it, and what equipment is needed to perform the storage. In the second part, theoretical basics will be presented on the example from practice, where we will in more detail deal with the problem of manipulations and lack of storage space, and thus provide solutions to the problems exposed.

V diplomskem delu smo opisali podjetje Impol PCP, d. o. o., eno izmed trinajstih podjetij v družbi Impol, d. o. o. Impol ima večletno tradicijo, ustanovljen je bil že leta 1825. V tem času, se je podjetje razvijalo in širilo, sedaj ima tudi podjetja v Srbiji ter na Hrvaškem. Podjetje se ukvarja s predelavo aluminija. Kot problem v diplomskem delu smo izpostavili nepotrebne manipulacije med proizvodnim obratom in skladiščem ter tudi skladiščenjem samim. Predlagamo novo nakladalno ploščad, s katero bi se izdatno zmanjšale manipulacije med proizvodnim obratom in skladiščem. Izračunali smo tudi čas, v katerem naj bi se investicija, ki bi jo podjetje namenilo za novo nakladalno ploščad, tudi povrnila. In this diploma, we described the company Impol PCP d.o.o., one of the thirteen companies in the company Impol d.o.o.. Impol deals with the processing of aluminum. Impol has a long tradition, it was founded in 1825. At this time, the company has developed and expanded, and now there are companies in Serbia and Croatia. As a problem in the diploma we pointed out the unnecessary manipulations between the production and the warehouse, as well as the storage in the warehouse itself. We tried to solve this problem by suggesting that we need a new loading dock, which would reduce manipulation between the production plant and the warehouse. We also calculated the time whenh this investment intended for the new loading dock could be repaid.

Zagotavljanje hladnih verig v podjetju Izvajanje hladnih verig zahteva dobro logistično organizacijo in usposobljen kader in zahteva povezavo med seboj, da živila tečejo v kontinuirani verigi od pošiljatelja do prejemnika, saj je bistvenega pomena, da se veriga ne prekine. Hladna veriga mesa in mesnih izdelkov je zelo ozko področje, ki pomeni vzdrževanje predpisane dovolj nizke temperature živil, da ohranimo varnost in čim boljšo kakovost živil v celotni živilski verigi od proizvodnje, transporta, skladiščenja do končnega kupca doslednost je potrebna od začetka do konca. Do prekinitve hladnih verig pride najpogosteje pri njegovi manipulaciji in transportu. Zato mora celotna oskrbovalna veriga načrtovana do najmanjše podrobnosti, saj v nasprotnem primeru lahko pride do prekinitve hladnih verig in s tem privede do pokvarite blaga. Nadzor nad hladno verigo mora biti potrebno nadziran in dokumentiran, saj le tako dokazujemo zagotavljanje neprekinjene hladne verige. The provision of cold chains demands good logistic organization, well-trained staff and an established infrastructure, which ensures that the food is flowing continuously from the sender to the receiver. This is crucial, since otherwise the chain breaks. The cold chain of meat and meat products is a very narrow field, implying maintenance of the required low enough temperature of food in order to preserve the safety and highest possible quality of food in the entire food chain: from the production, transport, storage to the final customer. Consistency is needed from the beginning until the end. The cold chain is mostly being broken during its manipulation or transport. Therefore, the supply chain needs to be planned through the smallest detail, since otherwise the cold chain breaks and consequently the goods are being spoiled. Controll over the cold chain needs to be monitored and documented, since this is the only way, we can prove that the cold chain has not been broken.

Magistrsko delo želi predstaviti rešitve problema skladišča pločevin v podjetju ADK d.o.o., kjer se pojavljajo težave pri skladiščnem poslovanju oziroma skladiščnih procesih ter manipulacijah z blagom. V samem začetku smo skozi obstoječe stanje in s pomočjo teoretičnih osnov razložili potrebne osnovne pojme za lažje razumevanje posameznih procesov v skladišču ter prikazali vse procese, ki se med delovanjem pojavljajo. Osnovo za našo raziskavo predstavlja podjetje ADK d.o.o., ki se ukvarja s proizvodnjo avtodvigal, žerjavov, bagrov in drugih konstrukcij. S pomočjo prejetih informacij glede delovanja enega izmed njihovih skladišč smo izdelali kritično analizo, ki se nanaša na pomanjkljivosti pri manipulacijah z blagom in težavami z obsegom skladišča ter določenimi opravili v posameznih procesih. Na podlagi kritične analize smo najprej opredelili in nato podali ustrezne rešitve, ki bi lahko pripomogle k še uspešnejšemu in učinkovitejšemu poslovanju skladišča pločevin ter posledično prispevale delež k zmanjšanju negativnih učinkov. Master's thesis wants to present solutions for the problem of the sheet of metal warehouse in the company ADK Ltd. There have been appearing problems with warehouse business or warehouse processes and manipulation with goods. In the beginning, we have explained the needed basic terms of the current state for better understanding of individual processes in the warehouse and presented all processes that appear during the working. The basis for our research has presented the company ADK Ltd, which produces car lifts, cranes, excavators, and other constructions. Based on the information about working of one of their warehouses, we have made a critical analysis, which observes imperfections with goods, manipulation and problems with warehouse size, and certain chores of individual processes. Based on a critical analysis, we have defined and then suggested appropriate solutions, which can help to more successful and efficient business of sheet metal warehouse and consequentially contribute to lower negative effect.

Snovi z nevarnimi lastnostmi, kot kemikalije, ki so prisotne povsod, zahtevajo premišljeno in varno ravnanje, še posebej v dejavnostih, katerih glavna naloga je rokovanje z omenjenimi snovmi. Obrat, s svojima skladiščema nevarnih snovi, vsakodnevno izpolnjuje naročila z željo ugoditi in zadovoljiti čim več strank. Za dosego teh želja je potrebno pazljivo, zbrano in učinkovito delo, ki ga zaposleni skušajo dosegati. Pa vendar, kljub dobremu delu, se pojavljajo problemi, ki so povezani z opremljenostjo skladišč z nevarnimi snovmi ter razporeditvijo teh skladišč. Opremljenost in lokacijska razdvojenost povzročata tveganja povezana s poškodbo blaga ter možnih negativnih učinkov na zaposlene in okolje, prav tako pa tudi dlje trajajoč proces izpolnitve naročila s časovnimi izgubami. K izboljšanju obstoječega stanja bi pripomogla centralizacija skladišča z nevarnimi snovmi na eni lokaciji, s katero bi dosegli hitrejši in lažji proces dela, zmanjšanje nevarnosti ter lažji pregled nad samo zalogo. S tem bi dosegali konkurenčno prednost ter posledično imeli možnost pridobitve novih strank. Substances with dangerous properties, such as chemicals which are present everywhere, need to be handled in a deliberate and safe manner especially in activities where handling of the mentioned substances is the main task. Desiring to comply and satisfy as many clients as possible, the plant with two facilities for storing dangerous substances daily meets the demand. For this purpose, careful, focused and efficient work is needed. The employees try to meet the high standards but despite their good work, there are some problems connected with the equipment and positioning of facilities for storing dangerous substances. Equipment and locational division cause risks such as damage to the goods, potential negative effects to employees and the environment, and time loss when fulfilling orders. Centralization of facilities for storing dangerous substances would improve the current situation. By having storage facility at one location, work process would become faster and easier, risks would be reduced and overview over the stock would be better. Thus, competitive advantage would be achieved and new clients would be acquired.

V diplomskem delu je prikazana predpostavljena transportna veriga rol papirja, z uporabo kombinirane oblike transporta. S cestnim in pomorskim transportom poteka iz severne v srednjo Evropo. Na področju notranjega transporta se z rolami izvajajo številne manipulacije, ki so pogoj za izvedbo zunanjega transporta. Med izvajanjem manipulacij na role delujejo vertikalne dinamične sile, katerih posledica so mehanske poškodbe na dnu in na vrhu rol. Poškodbe so prisotne v obliki različnih deformacij. Pred nadaljnjo proizvodnjo embalaže iz papirja, navitega v rolah, je potrebno poškodovan papir odstraniti. Zaščito pred mehanskimi poškodbami na rolah bi predstavljala krožna paleta za enkratno uporabo, ki bi bila proizvedena iz bukovega in smrekovega lesa. Rolo papirja bi se opremilo s krožno paleto in na področju notranjega transporta izvajalo manipulacije z viličarjem kleščarjem. Po uporabi bi se posamezne elemente ločeno zbiralo in zmlelo v lesno biomaso. Le-to bi se obdelalo in pretvorilo v toplotno energijo. In this thesis is demonstrated an assumed transport chain of paper reels with use of combined form of transport. The transport chain goes by road and sea transport from northern to central Europe. In internal transport are carry on many manipulation with reels, which are necessary for the implementation of external transport. During manipulation a vertical dynamic forces act on the reels, which consequence are mechanical damages at the bottom and at the top of the reels. Damages are in the form of different deformation. It is necessary to remove the damaged paper before continuing the production of packaging paper from reels. A circular pallet for single use should be a protection against mechanical damages on the reels. This pallet should be made from beech and pine wood. Reels of paper would be fitted with a circular pallet and in the internal transport a manipulation would be carried out with fork-lift truck with tongs. After use the individual elements would be collected separately and would be milled in the biomass. Biomass would be processed and transformed into heat energy.

V diplomskem delu Portret v fotografiji – od začetka do dvajsetih let 20. stoletja spremljamo zgodovino portreta kot umetniške upodobitve ter razvoj fotografije s poudarkom na portretni fotografiji. Izum fotografije sovpada z realizmom, kar prepoznamo tudi v portretni fotografiji. Skozi čas so na fotografijo vplivale druge, že uveljavljene umetniške zvrsti in obratno. Najpogosteje navedeni orisi stilne klasifikacije fotografije ter glavni protagonisti določenega časa prikazujejo pot utiranja fotografije v umetnost. V ta namen je analiziran realističen koncept fotografije in njegova razgradnja vse do začetka modernizma, ko je fotografija pridobila avtonomnost in postala del umetniškega sveta. Prav tako so na spremembe dojemanja fotografije vplivale manipulacije, s katerimi je fotografija še hitreje pridobila umetniško veljavo. Nenazadnje je nekaj besed namenjenim tudi portretni fotografiji na Slovenskem, ki je uspešno sledila svetovnemu razvoju fotografije. The diploma paper Portrait in Photography – From the Beginning to the Twenties of the 20th Century presents the history of portrait as an artistic depiction and the development of photography with emphasis on portrait photography. The invention of photography coincides with realism, which also includes portrait photography. In the course of time, the photography was influenced by other already well established branches of art and vice versa. Most commonly cited descriptions of photography style classification and main protagonists of the given time demonstrate how photography paved its way to art. For this purpose, we conducted the analysis of the realistic concept of photography and its decomposition up to the beginning of modernism, when photography gained autonomy and became a part of the art world. The changes in the perception of photography were also influenced by manipulations, which enabled photography to quickly gain artistic value. Last but not least, a few words are dedicated to portrait photography in Slovenia, which successfully pursued the worldwide development of photography.

Na rolah industrijskega papirja v celotni transportni verigi od proizvajalca rol do proizvajalca embalaže prihaja do različnih oblik mehanskih, klimatskih in bioloških poškodb. Obstoječa sredstva zaščite za preprečevanje poškodb razvrstimo v dve skupini. Prvo skupino predstavljajo nepremična sredstva zaščite za enkratno uporabo, drugo skupino pa premična sredstva zaščite za večkratno uporabo. Izkaže se, da nobeno obravnavano sredstvo zaščite na rolah ne preprečuje hkrati mehanskih, klimatskih in bioloških poškodb. Nepremična sredstva zaščite za enkratno uporabo lahko role hkrati ščitijo pred klimatskimi in delno pred biološkimi poškodbami, premična sredstva za večkratno uporabo pa delno pred mehanskimi poškodbami. Obstoječa sredstva zaščite so namreč neučinkovita zaradi nepopolne konstrukcije in napačne izbire materialov. Za zaščito rol pred mehanskimi, klimatskimi in biološkimi poškodbami predlagamo ovoj za role industrijskega papirja iz silikonskih materialov. Gre za nepremično sredstvo zaščite za enkratno uporabo, v katerega se rolo ovije v proizvodnji rol in odstrani v proizvodnji embalaže. Po uporabi se predvidita predelava in ponovna uporaba za ovoje in/ali ostale izdelke. During the transport chain, industrial paper rolls obtain different types of mechanical, climatic and biological damage. Existing means of protection against damage belong to one of two groups: stationary means of protection for single use and reusable mobile means of protection. As it turns out, none of the means of protection we took into consideration will prevent all types of damage at the same time. Stationary means of protection for single use can protect the rolls against climatic and partly from biological damage, while reusable mobile means of protection provide limited protection against mechanical damage. Existing means of protection are ineffective due to incomplete construction and the use of inappropriate materials. We suggest using a silicone jacket for the protection of industrial paper rolls against mechanical and climatic, as well as biological damage. The jacket is a stationary means of protection for single use. The roll would be inserted into the jacket during production and removed from it during packaging. After use, the jacket would be treated and reused as jacket and/or a different product.