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Prečni vodni objekti spadajo med hidromorfološke obremenitve, njihov vpliv pa se kaže na zmanjšani vzdolžni povezanosti vodotoka z vidika prehajanja vodnih organizmov in sedimenta. V obstoječi literaturi se opominja na neskladja med uradnimi evidencami števila prečnih vodnih objektov na vodotokih in dejanskim stanjem na terenu. Ker je za doseganje ciljev na področju rečne obnove v okviru Evropske unije ključno, da imamo informacijo o obremenjenosti s prečnimi vodnimi objekti v celotnem porečju, smo se v diplomski nalogi odločili za ugotavljanje obremenjenosti s prečnimi vodnimi objekti na pritokih reke Bače. V okviru terenskega dela smo popisali 196 prečnih vodnih objektov na 16 pritokih reke Bače. Zabeležili smo 129 pragov, 25 hudourniških pregrad, 22 prepustov, 12 drč in 8 jezov. Popisano število prečnih vodnih objektov na obravnavanih pritokih smo primerjali z obstoječim katastrom vodnih ureditev, pridobljenim na Direkciji Republike Slovenije za vode, Sektor za območje Soče. Popisali smo 17 prečnih vodnih objektov več, razloge pa pripisujemo tako nerednemu posodabljanju dokumentacije kot morebitnim napakam pri terenskem popisu. Na obravnavanih pritokih je povprečno število prečnih vodnih objektov 4,3 na kilometer rečne struge, za natančnejšo opredelitev vplivov na prehajanje vodnih organizmov in sedimenta pa bi predlagali nadaljnje raziskave. Transversal water infrastructure as a part of the hydromofological pressures is impacting river continuity for aquatic species and sediment. In scientific writing, there is a reminder about the disharmony between the official transversal water infrastructure databases and the field inventory. For river restoration planning and execution, the information about the load of transversal water infrastructure in the river basin is essential. In our diploma thesis we have decided to identify the load of transversal water infrastructure on the Bača river tributaries. We have monitored 196 transversal water obstacles on 16 tributaries, for which we can assess the load. We have registered 129 weirs, 25 check dams, 22 culverts, 12 ramps and 8 dams. We have compared the field inventory with the existing register of water regulations in physical form, which we accessed through the Slovenian Water Agency, Soča catchment Sector. We have registered 17 transversal water obstacles more. The differences in number can be attributable to the irregular updating of the database, but also to the probable mistakes when doing the field inventory. The average number of transversal water obstacles on the examined tributaries is 4,3 on every kilometer of watercourse, but for more accurate survey on the impacts for aquatic organisms and sediment, we would propose further research.

Na območju Bele krajine, kjer so zaradi kraškega površja površinske vode bolj izjema kot pravilo, so ljudje za svojo naselitev poiskali lokacije, kjer je bil možen dostop do vode. Tako so v preteklosti uporabljali izvire, vodne kraške jame ter gradili kale in kapnice. Ob koncu 19. stoletja so na območju Bele krajine pričeli z gradnjo prvega Belokranjskega vodovoda, ki se še danes dograjuje in širi po velikem območju z razpršeno poselitvijo. Na proučevanem območju se nahaja kar nekaj vodnih virov, pomembnih za vodooskrbo. Pri nekaterih gre za zajete izvire, pri drugih za vrtine iz katerih se črpa voda. Med najpomembnejšimi je izvir reke Dobličice, saj Krupe, kot enega najbolj vodnatih izvirov na tem območju, ni možno uporabljati zaradi onesnaženja v preteklosti. Dolžina primarnih in sekundarnih cevovodov za vodooskrbo v Beli krajini znaša okoli 700 km. Zaradi kraškega površja in podzemeljskega pretakanja vode gre za območje, ki je ekološko občutljivo in je potrebno biti posebej pozoren na vse človeške vplive v okolju, da le ti ne bodo vplivali na oskrbo z vodo, ki je ključnega pomena za preživetje človeka. In Bela krajina, where surface water is the exception rather than the rule due to the karst surface, people sought locations for their settlement where access to water was possible. Throughout history, they used springs, water karst caves and built ponds and drips. At the end of the 19th century, they started building the first system for water supply in Bela krajina, which is still being upgraded and expanded over a large area with scattered settlements today. There are quite a few water resources important for water supply in the researched area. Some are covered springs, others are wells from which water is pumped. The source of the river Dobličica is among the most important ones, as Krupa, one of the most watery springs in the area, cannot be used due to the pollution in the past. The length of primary and secondary water supply pipelines in Bela krajina is about 700 km. Due to the karst surface and underground water flow, this is an area that is ecologically sensitive and it is necessary to pay special attention to all human impacts on the environment, so that they do not affect the water supply, which is crucial for human survival.

Podnebje se v zadnjih desetletjih naglo spreminja, kar se odraža tudi na pretočnem režimu vodotokov in vodostaju jezer. V magistrskem delu smo poskušali oceniti vpliv podnebnih sprememb na spreminjanje vodostaja presihajočega Cerkniškega jezera. Za obdobje med letoma 1958 in 2019 so bile na letni in sezonski ravni izdelane analize trendov višine padavin in snežne odeje, temperature zraka ter najnižjega, srednjega in najvišjega vodostaja jezera. Ugotovili smo, da je trend temperature zraka tako kot drugje po Sloveniji naraščajoč in statistično značilen. Trend višine padavin je padajoč, statistično je značilen le poleti. Trendi najnižjega, srednjega in najvišjega vodostaja Cerkniškega jezera so negativni statistično značilna sta trenda srednjega in najvišjega vodostaja. Višina srednjega vodostaja se je v proučevanem obdobju glede na enačbo linearnega trenda znižala za 42 cm, višina najnižjega vodostaja za 20 cm, višina najvišjega vodostaja pa za 144 cm. Spomladi in poleti so trendi najnižjega, srednjega in najvišjega vodostaja negativni. Z izjemo poletnega najnižjega in srednjega vodostaja so vsi statistično značilni. V jesenskem času pri srednjem vodostaju trend ni bil zaznan, trend najnižjega vodostaja je pozitiven, trend najvišjega vodostaja pa negativen in prav tako statistično neznačilen. Pozimi so trendi vodostajev Cerkniškega jezera sicer negativni, a statistično neznačilni. Zaradi vključitve zgolj treh meteoroloških spremenljivk je ocena vpliva podnebnih sprememb na spreminjanje vodostaja Cerkniškega jezera zgolj okvirna. A glede na povezave med analiziranimi meteorološkimi in hidrološkimi spremenljivkami vseeno ocenjujemo, da je spreminjanje vodostaja Cerkniškega jezera v proučevanem obdobju v veliki meri posledica podnebnih sprememb. Pomemben vpliv na spreminjanje vodostaja pa ima zagotovo tudi človek z različnimi posegi, ki jih na Cerkniškem jezeru v preteklosti ni bilo malo. Ob nadaljevanju obstoječih trendov bo spreminjanje vodostaja lahko vplivalo predvsem na drsanje pozimi, dolgotrajna sušna obdobja pa bodo onemogočala čolnarjenje ter hkrati omogočala košnjo, ki je izrednega pomena pri ohranjanju primernega okolja za živalske in rastlinske vrste. In recent decades, the rapidly changing climate has affected the flow regime of watercourses and water levels of lakes. In this master's thesis, we tried to assess the impact of climate change on the changing water level at the intermittent lake in Cerknica. Between 1958 and 2019, annual and seasonal trend analyses of precipitation levels, snow cover, air temperatures, and the lowest, mean as well as the highest water levels of the lake were made. We found that the air temperature in Cerknica, as well as elsewhere in Slovenia, is increasing and is statistically significant. The precipitation trend is declining and is only statistically significant in summer. Trends of the lowest, mean, and the highest water levels at Lake Cerknica are negative, whereby trends of the mean and the highest water levels are statistically significant. According to the linear trend equation, the height of the mean water level decreased by 42 cm, the height of the lowest water level by 20 cm, and the height of the highest water level by 144 cm during our study period. In spring and summer, trends of the lowest, the mean, and the highest water levels are negative. Except for the lowest and the mean water levels in the summer, they are all statistically significant. In autumn, there is no sign of a mean water level trend. The trend of the lowest water level is positive. The highest water level trend is negative and also statistically insignificant. In winter, the water level trends at Lake Cerknica are negative, but statistically insignificant. Since we only analyzed three meteorological variables, the assessment of climate change impact on water level changes at Lake Cerknica is only indicative. However, the analyzed meteorological and hydrological variables are connected. Therefore, we still estimate that climate change significantly impacts water level changes at Lake Cerknica. Humans significantly impact the changing water level of the lake with their encroachment on nature, which was certainly not uncommon around Lake Cerknica in the past. Should existing trends continue, changes in water levels will affect ice skating in winter. Long periods of drought will prevent boating but at the same time allow mowing, which is extremely important in maintaining a suitable environment for animal and plant species.

Zaradi velikega pomena vode za okolje in človeške dejavnosti je pomembno, da z vodnimi viri ravnamo odgovorno. Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje v porečju Gameljščice ne izvaja meritev kakovosti vode, zato sem na petih glavnih pritokih v porečju (Mlake, Gračenica, Poljšek, Gameljščica (gorvodno od sotočja s Poljškom se imenuje Graben) in Bašeljnov potok) na 14 lokacijah analiziral izbrane fizikalne in kemijske parametre. V večini vzorcev so bile izmerjene povišane koncentracije nitratov, nitritov, amonija, fosfatov in kloridov, kar nakazuje na neposreden vpliv kmetijstva v nekaterih primerih pa tudi golf igrišča in gojenja rib. Because of the importance of water for environment and human activities is necessary that we manage the water sources responsibly. Slovenian Environment Agency does not conduct the measurements of water quality in the Gameljščica catchment, therefore I analysed certain physical and chemical parameters of water samples which I collected on five main tributaries (Mlake, Gračenica, Poljšek, Gameljščica (which is named Graben upstream from confluence with Poljšek) and Bašeljnov potok) on 14 locations. The concentrations of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, phosphates and chlorides were increased in most samples, which indicates the effect of agriculture and in some cases also of golf course and fish farming.

Voda je najpomembnejša snov za življenje organizmov na Zemlji, a hkrati so vode zelo ranljive, saj so izpostavljene velikim pritiskom. Zato je smotrno, da vode varujemo in si prizadevamo za izboljševanje kakovosti voda. Pri nas meritve stanja voda izvaja Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje (ARSO), na podlagi katerih izdaja ocene ekološkega in kemijskega stanja voda, toda meritev zaradi pestre rečne mreže v Sloveniji ne morejo izvajati povsod. Ker torej monitoring za porečje Blanščice še ni bil izveden, sem se odločil v nalogi analizirati kemijske in fizikalne parametre vode, ki sem jo odvzel na petih strateško izbranih lokacijah vodotoka. Izmerili sem nekoliko povišane vrednosti nitratov in kloridov, katerih vrednosti so se dolvodno praviloma zviševale. Mestoma so bili rahlo zaznavni še nekateri drugi parametri, kot na primer nitriti in amonij. Na koncu sem v nalogi predstavil nabor potencialnih onesnaževalcev obravnavanega vodotoka. Water is the most important substance for the life of organisms on Earth, but at the same time the water is very vulnerable, as it is subject to high pressures. So it’s rational that we protect the water and strive to improve the quality of water. In Slovenia, the measurement of water condition is carried out by the Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje (ARSO), on the basis of which it issues environmental and chemical condition of waters. But the measurements in Slovenia can’t be carried out everywhere. Because the monitoring for the Blanščica basin has not been carried out, we decided to analyze the chemical and physical parameters of the water that were taken at the five strategic locations of the watercourse. We have measured elevated nitrate and chloride values, the values of which have been rising down the brook. Locally some other parameters, such as nitrite and ammonium, were slightly detectable. In the end in my task, I presented the potential polluters of the considered watercourse.

Sodobna Azija se srečuje z obilico okoljskih problemov, med katerimi so tisti, povezani z vodami, še posebej problematični, raznoliki in potrebnih hitrih ukrepov. Magistrsko delo se ukvarja s prikazom celostne podobe problematike vodovja v Aziji. Predstavljena so dosedanja spoznanja o problematiki vodovja v Aziji, ki so bila pridobljena z analizo znanstvenih člankov in del, ki so v knjižni ali spletni obliki dostopna v Sloveniji. Spoznanja so razvrščena po posameznih azijskih regijah, pri čemer so posebej izpostavljeni zlasti pereči in aktualni problemi. V nadaljevanju smo izdelali lastno tipizacijo problematike vodovja, kjer smo probleme razvrstili v tipe, te pa v podtipe. Posamezni problemi so pojasnjeni in prikazani s pomočjo izdelanega kartografskega gradiva, ki uporabniku ponuja odgovor na vprašanje, kje se pojavlja določen tip problemov. Predstavili in analizirali smo vzroke za posamezne tipe problemov in izdelali vzročno-posledične korelacijske prikaze. Zanimalo nas je tudi, kaj se na tem področju v Aziji že dogaja in kakšne so napovedi za prihodnost ter se do njih opredelili. Za zaključek smo iz zbranega in ustvarjenega gradiva izdelali tudi uporabno pedagoško aplikacijo z namenom, da bi profesorji geografije v srednješolskih gimnazijskih programih tovrstne vsebine vključevali v pouk. Modern Asia encounters an abundance of environmental issues, among which those associated with water, are the most problematic, diverse and in need of quick intervention. The Masters thesis deals with the demonstration of overall image of water issues in Asia. The current findings which have been gained through the analysis of scientific articles and works, either in literary or online form available in Slovenia, are presented. The findings are classified according to individual regions in Asia with the emphasis on the topical issues. Furthermore, our own typification of the water problem issue, by classifying the problems into types and into subtypes, has been made. Individual problems are elaborated and presented with the help of made cartographic material which offers the user the answer to the question where a certain type of a problem appears. Causes for individual types of problems have been presented and analysed. In addition, the cause-consequence correlation demonstration has been made. The focal point was also what the current situation in these parts of Asia is and what the predictions for the future are from our point of view. In conclusion a usable pedagogical application has been made from the before mentioned selected and created material with the intention of secondary school Geography teachers including these in their lessons.