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V tem diplomskem delu je opisan razvoj naprave za štetje elektronskih elementov na traku, ki se bo uporabljal v podjetju Renishaw d. o. o., da bi se izognili nevšečnostim, kot so pomanjkanje elementov na traku in posledičnim reklamacijam strank. Na podlagi izhodiščih zahtev je bilo potrebno izbrati ustrezne elektronske komponente, narisati tiskano vezje, grafično oblikovati uporabniški vmesnik, napisati program v programskem jeziku C in narediti mehansko konstrukcijo naprave. Naprava za zaznavanje prisotnosti elementov uporablja luknje, ki so na nosilnem traku in je sposobna samodejno navijati in odvijati kolut. Naprava ima zaslon, ki služi kot uporabniški vmesnik. Prednost naprave pred dostopnimi napravami na trgu je ta, da zazna tudi točne pozicije manjkajočih elementov na kolutu. Naprava deluje samostojno in je v veliko pomoč pri preštevanju elektronskih elementov v podjetju. This thesis describes the development of a device for counting electronic components on a tape, which will be used in the company Renishaw d. o. o., to avoid inconveniences such as the lack of components on the tape and the resulting customer complaints. Based on the initial requirements, it was necessary to select the appropriate electronic components, design an electronic circuit, graphically design the user interface, write a program in the programming language C, and build the mechanical construction of the device. For detecting the presence of the components, the device uses the holes that are on the carrier tape and is capable of automatically winding and unwinding the reel. The device has a screen that serves as a user interface. The advantage of this device over the accessible devices on the market is that it also detects the exact positions of missing components on the reel. The device works independently, and it is a great help in counting electronic components in the company.

Diplomsko delo opisuje avtomatizacijo postopka testiranja elektronskih komponent v podjetju Iskraemeco, d. d., Kranj. Namen avtomatizacije v tem primeru je prihranek časa pri izvajanju meritev in zapisovanju rezultatov. Pri slednjem je prednost avtomatizacije tudi v dobri organiziranosti podatkov. Avtomatizacija obsega uporabo dveh programskih okolij. Prvo se imenuje Labview. Razvit program omogoča, da s pomočjo merilne opreme izvajamo meritve elektronskih komponent, rezultate meritev pa preko interneta pošljemo v podatkovno bazo. Drugo uporabljeno programsko okolje je Aras Innovator. Njegov namen je, da podatke iz podatkovne baze sestavi ter prikaže v obliki testnega poročila. Ta prikazuje rezultate meritve in opisuje, kaj smo testirali. Poročilo je vidno tudi drugim uporabnikom tega programskega okolja. Izmenjava informacij med omenjenima programskima okoljema omogoča spletni strežnik preko internetne povezave. Strežnik podatke shranjuje v podatkovno bazo. Prav tako iz nje dobi podatke, ki jih streže drugim programskim okoljem. V diplomskem delu so opisani uporabljena strojna oprema, uporabljena programska okolja, sama sestava programov, predstavitev delovanja in primer meritve elektronske komponente. This diploma thesis describes the automation of the electronic component testing process in Iskraemeco, d. d., Kranj. In this case, the purpose of the automation is to save time in taking measurements and recording results. The latter would also benefit from the automation in terms of good data organization. Automation involves the use of two software environments. The first is called Labview. The developed program enables the measurement of electronic components using measuring equipment and storing the results into the database via the internet. The other software environment used is Aras Innovator. Its purpose is to collect the data from the database and present them in the form of a test report that shows the results of the measurements and describes what was tested. The report is also visible to other users of this software environment. The exchange of information between the two software environments is enabled by a web server via an internet connection. The server stores the data into the database and retrieves data from it, which it sends to other software environments. This diploma thesis describes the hardware and software used in the process, the structure of the software code, its operation and an example of an electronic component measurement.

Izdelava kompleksnejših tiskanih vezij v manjših serijah prinaša vrsto težav. Uporaba ročnega spajkalnika, tj. tehnika uporabljena za preprosta in maloštevilna vezja, se izkaže za zamudno. Poleg tega je zaradi prisotnosti velikega števila elektronskih elementov ta tehnika dovzetna za napake na spojih. Alternativa, ki se je pojavila na trgu je Reflowster. Preprost krmilnik na hiter in enostaven način kuhinjsko pečico pretvori v postajo za pretaljevalno spajkanje. V zaključni nalogi smo preizkušali krmilnik za izdelavo tiskanega vezja mobilnega robota RoboU3P. Za cilj smo si postavili izdelavo popolnoma funkcionalnega mobilnega robota, ki bo izdelan v sprejemljivem časovnem obdobju. Posvetili smo se osnovam pretaljevalnega spajkanja ter se skozi mehanizme nastanka najpogostejših deformacij spojev naučili razumeti temperaturni profil, ki je potreben za kvalitetno izdelavo spojev. Ugotovili smo, da so napake na spojih predvsem posledica dveh dejavnikov: količine nanesene paste ter velikosti razmikov med kontakti na vezju. Z nekaj časovne optimizacije smo pokazali, da je sestava robota lahko hitra in učinkovita. Manufacturing of complex printed circuit boards in small series can lead to difficulties. Using of soldering iron stations is simple and used for many circuit boards, however the process is very time consuming. Also, due to large number of electronic components that it contains, the probability of an error during soldering is high. The alternative that appeared on the market is Reflowster, a simple controller that turns a kitchen oven in to a reflow soldering station. In this thesis the controller is used for producing of a printed circuit board of a mobile robot RoboU3P. The goal is to manufacture a fully functional mobile robot in a time-acceptable period. The focus is directed towards basic reflow soldering, using mechanisms of appearance of most common deformations of joints, to learn to understand the temperature profile needed for producing quality joints. The results show that there are two factors that cause the formation of deformations – the quantity of the soldering paste used and spacing between joints on the circuit board. By applying time optimizations, we have demonstrated that robot manufacturing can be faster and more efficient.

Magistrsko delo obsega celoten razvoj ter izdelavo avtomatskega čelilnika, ki je namenjen uporabi v lesni industriji. Tovrstne sisteme največkrat najdemo v fazi primarne in sekundarne predelave lesa kot del večjih proizvodnih linij. V našem primeru pa avtomatski čelilnik nastopa kot samostojni lesno-obdelovalni stroj, ki je prirejen uporabi v mizarskem podjetju pri proizvodnji stavbnega pohištva, podov, CNC polizdelkov ipd. Gre torej za enoosni krmiljeni elektromehanski sistem, ki uporabniku na podlagi naročila nudi hiter in natančen dolžinski razrez lesenih lamel. Bistveni sta predvsem enostavnost uporabe in poenostavitev obstoječih postopkov tovrstne obdelave. Zaradi prostorskih omejitev ter delovnih pogojev se dodatno zahtevata še ustrezna kompaktnost in robustnost sistema. Magistrsko delo se dotika vseh opravljenih razvojnih postopkov vse od idejne zasnove do končne sestave stroja. Uvodoma so predstavljene predvsem zahteve in omejitve sistema. Prikazan je obstoječi postopek, ki se je izvajal pred izdelavo stroja in izpostavljene so njegove bistvene pomanjkljivosti. Podani so torej tudi cilji zastavljeni pred samim razvojem stroja.V nadaljevanju pa sledijo predstavitve posameznih faz razvoja in izdelave. Postopek konstruiranja mehanskih delov je predstavljen na podlagi razvitih 3D modelov posameznih podsklopov. Ločeno obravnavamo najprej uporabljene elektromehanske komponente zatem pa še sestavo celotnega ogrodja čelilnika. Uporabljena senzorska oprema je podrobneje opisana skozi funkcije, katereopravljajo posamezni senzorji. Sem sodi v prvi vrsti detekcija skrajnih leg pnevmatskih cilindrov in ostalih mehanskih delov, za kar se uporablja več različnih senzorjev -induktivnastikala, magnetne senzorje in optična tipala. Povsem ločeno je izpostavljen poseben luminiscenčni senzor, ki je namenjen razpoznavi oznak z lesene površine obdelovancev. Ostale elektronske komponente so predstavljene skozi prikaz krmilnega in pogonskega sistema. Glavnino sistema predstavlja sklop uporabniški terminal – programirljivi logični krmilnik – krmilnik gibanja – servo ojačevalnik – servomotor.Podrobneje je opisan skozi predstavitev osnovnih funkcij posameznih komponent ter skozi sestavo in organizacijo električne omarice. V zadnjem delu pa se delo dotakne še razvitega krmilnega programa in uporabniškega okolja, ki končnemu uporabniku nudi upravljanje stroja. Skozi pregled programskih sekvenc je predstavljen način delovanja sistema in funkcije, ki jih omogoča. The present Master's thesis includes the entire development and construction of an automatic cross-cut saw, which is intended for use in the wood industry. This kind of systems are frequently found in the primary and secondary phase of processing wood as a part of larger production lines. In our case, a cross-cut saw stands as an independent wood-crafting machine, adapted for use in woodworking business in the production of joinery, flooring, CNC semi-finished products, etc. So, it is about the uniaxial controlled electromechanical system, which on the basis of an order, offers to the user a fast and precise linear cutting of wooden slats. The simple use and simplification of existing procedures of this kind of processing are the most important.. Due to the limited space and working conditions, compactness and robustness of the system are additionally required. The Master’s degree comprises all development procedures used from the concept to the final structure of the machine. The introduction presents mainly the requirements and limitations of the system. It shows the current procedure that was used before the construction of the machine and its essential flaws. In short, the goals set before the development of the machine are introduced, too. Further on, we represented individual phases of the development and construction. The design process of mechanical parts is presented on the basis of advanced 3D models of individual subassemblies. We separately discuss previously used electromechanical components and later the complete composition of the framework of cross-cut saws. The used sensor equipment is thoroughly described through the functions individual sensors perform. First of all, it is about detecting the end position of pneumatic cylinders and other mechanical parts for which multiple sensors are used - inductive switches, magnetic sensors and the optical sensors. Completely independently a specific luminescent sensor used to detect marks on the wooden surface of the workpiece, is pointed out. The other electronic components are presented by displaying the control and servo system. The majority of the system comprises a set of user's terminal, program logic controller, motion controller, servo amplifier and servomotor. It is described in detail through the presentation of the basic functions of individual components as well as through the composition and organization of the electrical cabinet. The last part of the thesis considers developed control program and the user's program environment, which allows the user to operate the machine. Through examination of the program sequences, we presented the way the system works and the functions it provides.

Predmet raziskovanja je bilo uvajanje, usposabljanje in izobraževanje proizvodnih delavcev podjetja ATech. V procesu raziskovanja smo želeli spoznati in prikazati določene specifike, pravila in ukrepe pri rokovanju z elektronskimi komponentami ter elektronskimi sklopi, ki so prisotni v podjetju ATech Elektronika d. o. o.- proizvajalcu elektronike. We researched initial and on the job training of production workers at ATech. In the course of our research we aimed to show the specifics, rules, and measures concerning handling electronic components and compounds produced by ATech Elektronika d. o. o.

V diplomski nalogi smo se osredotočili na preverjanje varnosti gospodinjskega aparata. Predstavljen je del standarda IEC EN 60335-1, ki določa varnostne zahteve elektronskih komponent in elektronskih sklopov. Opisan je način testiranja varnostnih funkcij strojne in programske opreme aparata. Testirali smo krmilni modul pralnega stroja in preverjali, če so krmilni modul in komponente na modulu izvedeni v skladu z zahtevami standarda IEC EN 60335-1. Kot rezultat testiranja smo za naročnika izdelali poročilo z navedenimi točkami standarda v skladu, s katerimi smo izvedli testiranje in odločitvijo, ali je izdelan v skladu z zahtevami standarda. In this graduate thesis we focused on testing safety of household appliances. We introduced part of the standard IEC EN 60335-1, which describes safety demands for electronic components and electronic sets. We described ways to test safety functions of hardware and software of the appliances. We tested control module of washing machine and we checked if the module and components were in limits provided in IEC EN 60335-1. As a result we made a measurement report of all the tests we did according to standard and a verdict to each of the test.