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Pri domestikaciji ali udomačitvi določena vrsta postane le-ta odvisna od človeka tako, da ni več sposobna samostojno preživeti v svojem naravnem okolju. Poznamo že kar nekaj centrov domestikacije. Pomembno je, da je prišlo do sindroma udomačitve, da so se lahko rastline prilagodile na novo okolje in tudi tehnologije. Tako pride tudi do učinka ozkega grla, kar vpliva na gensko raznolikost. Z genetiko lahko spremljamo kako se spreminjajo populacije določenih rastlin. Prihaja do različnih fenotipskih sprememb. Spoznava se specifične gene, ki nadzorujejo vse te morfološke spremembe. Z genomskimi tehnologijami prihaja vedno znova do novih genskih podatkov, ki razjasnijo postopke udomačitve in omogočijo nadaljnje raziskave. Domestication is when a particular species becomes dependent on humans, so that it is no longer able to survive independently in its natural environment. We already know of some domestication centers. The important thing is that there was a domestication syndrome so that the plants could adapt to the new environment and technologies. This also leads to a bottleneck effect that affects genetic diversity. Using genetics, we can observe how populations of certain plants change. There are several phenotypic changes. The specific genes that control all these morphological changes are identified. With the help of genomic tehnologies, new genetic data is constantly being obtained which decipher domestication processes and are used for further research

Magistrsko delo z naslovom Vpliv podnebnih sprememb na kmetijske kulture v Evropi smo izdelali z namenom, da ocenimo, kam peljejo podnebne spremembe na področju kmetijstva v Evropi. Ugotavljamo, da imajo podnebne spremembe tako negativne kot pozitivne posledice za kmetijstvo, hkrati pa sama kmetijska dejavnost lahko vpliva na spreminjanje podnebja. S tremi različnimi globalnimi podnebnimi modeli (CC, HE in MP), v sklopu katerih smo obravnavali tri različne scenarije (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 in RCP8.5), ter s pomočjo geografskega informacijskega sistema, smo izdelali karte, ki nakazujejo trend spreminjanja podnebnih pogojev za izbrane kmetijske kulture v 2. polovici 21. stoletja. Ugotovili smo, da bi se lahko povprečne letne temperature po najbolj pesimističnem scenariju (RCP8.5) na posameznih območjih v Evropi dvignile tudi za več kot 5 °C. Za analizo smo izbrali najbolj tradicionalne oz. specifične kmetijske kulture v Evropi, to so pšenica [Triticum aestivum L.], koruza [Zea Mays L.], krompir [Solanum tuberosum L.] in oljka [Olea europaea L.]. Na podlagi bioklimatskih lastnosti za posamezno kulturo smo izdelali karte, ki prikazujejo podnebno ustreznost za pridelavo izbrane kulture v 2. polovici 21. stoletja. Ugotovili smo, da se bo ustreznost za pridelavo izbranih kmetijskih kultur v prihodnosti ob obravnavanih podnebnih trendih v splošnem pomikala v višje geografske širine in nadmorske višine. Na podlagi rezultatov podnebne ustreznosti smo analizo nekoliko poglobili s pomočjo metode CVA (Change Vector Analysis) in tako ugotavljali, na katerih območjih v Evropi bo v prihodnosti imela temperatura zraka in na katerih spremenjena količina padavin večji pomen pri spreminjanju podnebne ustreznosti za pridelavo oz. gojenje izbranih kmetijskih kultur. The master's thesis with the title The Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Crops in Europe was made with the aim of assessing what impact are climate changes having on the agriculture in Europe. We establish that climate changes have negative as well as positive effects on agriculture, while at the same time agricultural activity itself can affect climate change. With three different global climate models (CC, HE and MP), in which three different scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) are discussed, and with the help of the geographic information system, we have produced maps, which indicate a trend of changing climate conditions for selected agricultural crops in the second half of the 21st century. We established that in the most pessimistic scenario (RCP8.5) the average annual temperatures in individual areas in Europe could rise by more than 5° C. For the analysis we selected the most traditional or specific agricultural crops in Europe: wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], corn [Zea Mays L.], potato [Solanum tuberosum L.] and olive [Olea europaea L.]. Based on bioclimatic characteristics of each culture, we made maps, which demonstrate climate suitability for the production of the selected crop in the second half of the 21st century. We established that the suitability of cultivating selected agricultural crops in the future will, in accordance with the discussed climate trends, generally move to higher latitudes and altitudes. On the basis of the results of climate suitability, the analysis was slightly deepened with the help of the CVA (Change Vector Analysis) method. Thereby we could determine in which European areas in the future will the air temperature and in which areas the altered amount of precipitation have greater relevance in changing climate suitability for the cultivation of selected agricultural crops.

V prispevku smo raziskali stanje vodne bilance v Pomurju, njegov količinski, časovni in prostorski vidik ter ga primerjali s potrebami izbranih kmetijskih kulturnih rastlin po vodi v posameznih razvojnih fazah. Primerjava je pokazala, da je razporeditev stanja vodne bilance preko leta, ta je v Pomurju negativna med aprilom in II. dekado avgusta, dokaj ugodna za ozimna žita. Vode jim primanjkuje le v drugi polovici rastne dobe, s polj pa jih pospravimo še pred največjim pomanjkanjem vode v tleh v poletnih mesecih. Večina ostalih kmetijskih kulturnih rastlin kot so koruza, krompir, sladkorna pesa, buče ter zelenjadnice se s pomanjkanjem vode v tleh sooča večji del rastne dobe. V najobčutljivejših razvojnih fazah so v poletnih mesecih, ko je primanjkljaj vode v tleh največji in jih ta tudi najbolj prizadene. Posledice so poškodovanost kultur ter količinsko manjši pridelek slabše kakovosti. In this article we investigate the state of the water balance in the Pomurje region, its quantitative, temporal and spatial perspectives, and compare it with the needs of selected agricultural crops for water in various stages of development. The comparison has shown that the distribution status of the water balance throughout the year – in Pomurje region it is negative between April and the second half of August – is quite favourable for winter grain. The grain lacks water only in the second half of the growing season, as it is picked before the greatest shortage of water in the soil during the summer months. Most other agricultural crops such as corn, potatoes, sugar beet, pumpkins and vegetables face water scarcity in the ground for the major part of the growth period. Their most sensitive stages of development take place during summer months when the water deficit in the soil is the largest, thus they are greatly affected. The consequences are damaged crops and lower quantities of crops with inferior quality.