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The importance of examining environmental stresses and their role in predicting and evaluating the growth and yield of crops is very evident. Environmental stresses are the most important factor in reducing agricultural yields worldwide. In order to evaluate the environmental impact of water loss on the amount of proteins affected in sunflower, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications at Karaj Oil Seeds Research Institute. In order to study the response of susceptible line (BGK221) and tolerant line (RGK46) under drought stress conditions, extraction of protein by acetone deposition method was performed in 8 leaves and of 3 seedlings in each replication. The amount of extracted protein was determined by Bradford method using two-dimensional electrophoresis and existence of significant difference between the bands in sensitive and tolerant lines was investigated. A total of 467 repeatable bands were found in the tolerant line and 417 repeatable bands appeared in the sensitive line. Among these proteins, 6 bands in tolerant line (No 503, 1901, 904, 3301, 7011, 9005) and 6 bands in sensitive line (No 704, 811, 3205, 4108, 7307, and 9207) were significantly affected by drought stress. In both sensitive and tolerate lines the main consequence is increase in amount of protein. The results showed that the most important factor of tolerant line adaptive for environmental stress conditions is maintaining normal cell metabolism, keeping moisture in the cell, strengthening cellular structure and antioxidant defense. The study also showed that drought stress had the greatest effect on cytoplasmic and nucleus proteins, metabolism and energy of proteins

To investigate proteome pattern of wheat cultivars, young leaves were collected from tillering stage of seedlings two weeks after development of the salinity stress. The extraction of proteins from leaf tissue was done and two dimensional electrophoresis using IPG strips and SDS-PAGE in the control and salinity treatments were performed. In total, 198 and 203 protein spots were identified in tolerant (‘Moghan3’) and susceptible (‘Pishtaz’) cultivars respectively. Also, among these, spots number 21 and 22 were detected with significant IF in ‘Moghan3’ and ‘Pishtaz’ respectively. Two-stage mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to identify protein spots. Common identified proteins, including proteins involved in removal of oxidants, Calvin cycle proteins, proteins involved in light reaction of photosynthesis and proton transfer, and heat shock protein were identified on basis of the functional groups and their frequency. In total, ‘Moghan3’ maintained the stability of the structure and performance of carbon metabolism under stress better than susceptible cultivar. In addition, defense against oxidative stress induced by salinity stress was performed by 2-cys peroxiredoxin BAS1 and Cu-Zn SOD proteins that tolerant cultivar defended against oxidative stress better than the susceptible cultivar. The greatest strength of ‘Moghan3’ and major weakness in ‘Pishtaz’ are relying on the unique proteins formed under salinity stress for the removal of oxidants and to maintain the activity of the photosynthetic light reactions, respectively.