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Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti javno naročanje in korupcijo v Republiki Sloveniji, na enostaven in bralcu dostopen način, izpostaviti ključne dejavnike in posledice korupcije in povezati koruptivna dejanja ter najbolj izpostavljene postopke pri javnem naročanju. Namen diplomskega dela je približati bralcu problematiko koruptivnih dejanj v postopkih javnega naročanja. Predstavljena je Analiza korupcijskih tveganj v postopkih javnega naročanja, ki je bila leta 2020 narejena s strani Komisije za preprečevanje korupcije in s tem postavljen obseg suma korupcije med leti 2014 in 2018 na področju javnega naročanja. Izpostavljeni so dotični postopki javnega naročanja, kjer se sum korupcije pojavlja največkrat in prikazana količina korupcije v letu 2021 v Sloveniji. Uporabljeni sta deskriptivna metoda, s katero so pojasnjeni pridobljeni podatki, in normativna metoda, ki predstavlja postopke na področju javnega naročanja. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da se sum korupcije največkrat pojavi pri evidenčnih naročilih, ki so izjema po Zakonu o javnem naročanju in pri poenostavljenih postopkih, torej pri postopkih naročil male vrednosti, ki so lahko posledično manj transparentni. V primerjavi z leti pred letom 2021 se je v Sloveniji korupcija povečala. S tem se je Slovenija oddaljila od številnih evropskih držav. Pomembno je, da vsak posameznik prijavi vsak sum koruptivnega dejanja, in da pristojni organi pravilno obravnavajo vse prijave. Velik vpliv na pravilno izvedbo postopka ima tudi znanje tistega, ki vodi postopek, saj mora podrobno poznati zakon in ga posledično prenesti v prakso. Praktično znanje izvedbe postopkov vsak posameznik dobi šele preko izkušenj, zato je pomembno, da je vsak nadrejeni pozoren na napake novo zaposlenega na dotičnem področju. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce public procurement and corruption in the Republic of Slovenia in a simple way, accessible to the reader, to highlight the key factors and consequences of corruption, and connect corrupt behaviors with the most vulnerable procedures in public procurement, with the aim of making the problems of corrupt behaviors in public procurement procedures more accessible to the reader. It introduces an analysis of corruption risks in public procurement procedures, which was carried out by the Commission for the prevention of corruption in 2020 and defined the scope of suspicion of corruption between 2014 and 2018 in the field of public ordering. It highlights specific public ordering procedures, where the suspicion of corruption occurred most often, and the assumed quantity of corruption in Slovenia in 2021. The methods used are descriptive, which explains the obtained data, and normative, which introduces procedures in the field of public procurement. It was established that the suspicion of corruption most often occurs in registered orders, which are exceptional under the Public Procurement Act, and in simplified procedures, which are consequentially less transparent. Corruption in Slovenia has also increased in 2021 and has deviated away from several European countries. It is important for each individual to report every suspicion of corruptive behavior, and for competent authorities to treat all reports correctly. The knowledge of the individual, handling the procedure, has a significant impact on the correct execution of the procedure, since they need to be familiar with the content of the law in detail, as well as the practical aspect, which they become familiar with through work.

V diplomski nalogi je predstavljena praktična analiza logistike spletnega trgovca Amazon. Opisana je definicija spletne prodaje ter njen začetek. Predstavljene so prednosti in slabosti spletne prodaje in njen razvoj. Nato sledi razlaga logistike, ki stoji za uspešno spletno trgovino. Predstavljeni so logistični podsistemi, torej nabavna logistika, notranja logistika, skladiščenje, kjer je opisano tudi komisioniranje blaga, distribucijska logistika, poprodajna logistika, ki je ključnega pomena, v kolikor prodajalec želi, da bo kupec ponovno opravil nakup in razbremenil logistiko, pomembno za varovanje okolja. V nadaljevanju so na praktičnem primeru predstavljene pasje podloge, prodajalčevi in kupčevi vidiki logistike na spletni strani Amazon. V zaključnem delu so predstavljene učinkovite izboljšave za uspešno delovanje tako Amazona s prodajalci kot tudi s potencialnimi kupci. This thesis presents the practically analyzed logistics of the online retailer Amazon. It is described the definition of online store and the history, where it all started. Also it is presented the advantages and disadvantages of online sales and how it developed. Then it is described the logistics behind successful online store. Also it is described the logistics subsystems, procurement logistics, internal logistics, warehousing where it is also described the commissioning of goods, distribution logistics, sales logistics which is crucial if the seller wants that the customer make a purchase again and relieve the logistics which is important for environmental protection. Then, on a practical example of a dog pad, it is presented the aspects of logistics from the seller on the Amazon website and then from the point of view of the buyer. It is also presented an improvement that the sellers believe that it would be effective for even more successful operation of both Amazon with sellers as well as potential buyers.

Ideja za opravljanje diplomske naloge je prišla v času opravljanja prakse v podjetju TPV Prikolice d. o. o., kjer sem se vključil v izdelavo dokumentacije v oddelku kakovosti in tehnološkega razvoja. Prav takrat je podjetje Daimler AG poslalo povpraševanje za želen izdelek. Za področje dela diplomske naloge bom načrtoval postopek uvajanja novega izdelka v podjetju. Pri tem bom zajel področja pridobivanja posla, študijo izvedljivosti, posebne zahteve odjemalcev, planiranje kakovosti, vrednotenje, FMEA, zagotavljanje kakovosti, zvezke zahtev, nabavo KMP opreme, sodelovanje z dobavitelji, plan obvladovanja, vhodno kontrolo, kontrolne liste in vpisne liste, avtokontrolo, tekočo kontrolo, statistično obvladovanje procesov, sodelovanje z odjemalci, izdelavo prototipa, začetni vzorec, potrditev vzorca s strani kupca, odobritev delovnega procesa, izmet in reklamacije, obvladovanje in izboljševanje kakovosti, kazalnike kakovosti, presoje in QRCI metodo. Diplomska naloga bo obsegala predpise s strani podjetja in predstavitve mojega dela pri posameznem sklopu. The idea for the Thesis came during the internship at TPV Trailers d. o. o., where I became involved in the production of documentation in the department of quality and technological development. Just then, Daimler AG sent a request for the desired product. For the scope of my Thesis, I will plan the process of introducing a new product in the company. In doing so, I will cover the areas of business acquisition, feasibility study, customer specific requirements, quality planning, evaluation, FMEA, quality assurance, requirements booklet, procurement of KMP equipment, cooperation with suppliers, control plan, inbound control, checklists and enrollment lists, autocontrol, ongoing control, statistical process control, customer collaboration, prototype production, initial sample, customer approval of the sample, approval of workflow, ejection and complaints, quality management and improvement, quality indicators, audits and QRCI method. The Thesis will cover the regulations of the company and the presentation of my work in each section.

Postopek izbire najugodnejšega dobavitelja V tem diplomskem delu se bomo ukvarjali z izbiro najugodnejšega dobavitelja v izbranem podjetju. Izbrano podjetje se ukvarja s predelovanjem kovin, zaradi katerega pa potrebuje dobavitelje za različne stvari za uspešno proizvodnjo. Ukvarjali se bomo samo s tremi, za njih najpomembnejšimi dobavitelji. Pri dobaviteljih bomo analizirali najpomembnejše kriterije to so čas dobave, tehnološko zmogljivost dobavitelja, potek reševanja reklamacij, kakovost, cena in plačilne pogoje. Za analizo anketnega vprašalnika smo uporabili postopek AHP modela. V prvem delu diplomske naloge smo s pomočjo izbrane literature povedali nekaj teoretičnih osnov o nabavi in kriterijih za izbiro dobavitelja. V nadaljevanju smo govorili o različnih odločitvenih modelih. Mi smo izbrali večkriterijski odločitveni model AHP model. V raziskovalnem delu smo s pomočjo računskega postopka po Kunzu dobili rezultate in ugotovili, kateri dobavitelj je najugodnejši. Process of selecting the best supplier In this work the choice of the most affordable supplier for the chosen company is considered. The chosen company works on processing metals, for which it needs supplies from different suppliers, so that the production runs successfully. Only three most important suppliers for the company are considered. The most important criteria, which the suppliers must meet, are analized. The criteria include time of delivery, technological capabilities of the supplier, reclamation solving process, quality, price and payment conditions. A survey has been made, where the process of the AHP model has been used to analyze it. With the help of chosen literature, theoretical basics about purchase and supplier choice criteria are described in the first part of this work. Discussion about different choice models follows. For the purpose of this research the multi-criteria AHP choice model has been chosen. In the research part the results were obtained using the Kunz calculation, which concluded which supplier is more affordable.

V zadnjem času v poslovanju je vidno, da se papirnato poslovanje postopoma zamenjuje z elektronskim. To se predvsem opazi v poslovanju med podjetji in tudi pri sledljivosti materiala v izbranem podjetju. Sledljivost se dandanes pospešeno uveljavlja kot orodje za izboljšavo delovnih procesov, pomoč pri odpravljanju napak in dodatna ponudba kupcem. Zagotavljanje ustrezne sledljivost in označevanje sestavnih delov za nemoteno delovanje proizvodne linije, je zahtevno delo, s katero se soočajo vsa podjetja. Prihajajo vedno nove zahteve in pričakovanja odjemalcev oz. kupcev, ki silijo podjetje k stalnemu izboljševanju in investiranju v boljše, zmogljivejše in kakovostnejše proizvodne zmogljivosti. Vse to pa je dobro tudi za samo podjetje, saj tako postane še bolj konkurenčno in vitko. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti problem sledenja materiala na proizvodnji liniji v izbranem podjetju. Najprej sem opisal trenutno stanje sledljivosti materialov v izbranem podjetju, in sicer potek sledljivosti od dobave materiala pa vse do porabe v proizvodni liniji. Opisal sem sledljivost na proizvodni liniji in probleme, ki nastajajo med samim procesom. Ugotovil sem, da največ težav nastane pri prenosu materiala v skladišče oz. na mesto oskrbe pri potrjevanju materiala ter med samim procesom pri oskrbovanju linije z materialom. Ob ugotovitvah napak in problemov sem predstavil tudi rešitve, ki bi izboljšale oz. nadgradile samo sledljivost materiala in obenem zagotovile še boljše sledenje ter doslednost. Recently, in operations we see that electronic data is gradually replacing paper. This is mainly observed in dealings between businesses and also evident in the observed company from the standpoint of traceability of the material. Traceability is now increasingly invoked as a tool to improve work processes, troubleshooting assistance, and as additional offer to customers. In order to ensure adequate traceability and labeling of components for the smooth functioning of the production line is a problem faced by all companies. There are always new demands and expectations from the customers and this is forcing the observed company to improve the production abilities. All that's good for the company is to become more competitive and lean. The aim of the thesis is to present the problem of tracking material on the production line in the observed company. In this thesis, I described the current state of the traceability of materials held in the observed company. Mainly the traceability of the supply of the material, all the way to the use of the material on the production line. I have described the traceability on the production line and the problems that arise during the process. I have found that most problems arise when transferring material to the warehouse or in place of supply with validation of the materials and after during the process of supply on the production line. According to the findings of errors and problems, I also presented a solution to carry out or upgrade the traceability of the materials, and provide better tracking and consistency.

Namen magistrskega dela je izboljšava procesa nadzora kakovosti dobavljenih električnih aparatov, katere proizvaja zunanji dobavitelj. Zaradi dobaviteljeve geografske oddaljenosti je onemogočena vsakodnevna prisotnost lastnih nadzornikov kakovosti, zato je potrebno vzpostaviti zanesljiv sistem nadzora kakovosti ter vpeljevanje izboljšav procesa proizvodnje in procesa nadzora. Potrebno je poznati razloge za izbiro dobavitelja in aparata, ter faze skozi katere gre aparat v času od zasnove, izdelave do prodaje končnemu uporabniku, kot tudi potrebne poprodajne aktivnosti, ki bi morebiti bile potrebne za zagotavljanje zadovoljstva uporabnika. Nadzor kakovosti je eden od elementov zagotavljanja ustreznega ugleda blagovne znamke, ki jo nosi aparat. Aparat mora prinašati uporabno vrednost uporabniku. Zaradi tega je to zelo pomemben proces, ki se mora stalno izboljševati. V delu so predstavljeni tako razlogi za tako sodelovanje, elementi, ki vplivajo na odločitev o izbiri dobavitelja in aparata, načini pregleda proizvedenega aparata, kot tudi beleženje najdenih napak ter ponovno odločanje o definiciji aparata in proizvodnega procesa za izboljšanje kakovosti. Rezultat dela je proces, ki se kontinuirano vrača na svoj začetek z novimi spoznanji, ki so bila zabeležena ob morebitnih odpovedih in tako vzpostavlja krožno metodo stalnega izpopolnjevanja. The purpose of this Master's thesis is improvement of the quality control process of supplied electrical appliances produced by an external supplier. The supplier's geographical remoteness disables daily presence of its own quality supervisors, so it is necessary to establish a reliable quality control system and introducing improvements in the production process and control process. It is necessary to know the reasons for selecting the supplier and the appliance, and the stages the appliance is going through at the time of the design, manufacturing and sale to the end consumer, as well as the necessary after-sales activities needed to ensure user satisfaction. Quality control is one of the elements of ensuring proper brand reputation of the appliance. The user must get the expected satisfaction from the appliance. For this reason, it is very important to establish a constantly improving control process. The thesis presents the grounds for such cooperation, elements that affect the decision on the supplier and the appliance selection, postproduction inspection, as well as recording of found errors and a reconsideration of the definition of the appliance and the production process in order to improve the quality. The result is a work process that continually returns to its start with new findings recorded at any failures and thus creates a circular method of continuous improvement.

Diplomsko delo se nanaša na področje nabavne funkcije v podjetju in s tem povezano na področje dobaviteljev. Oboje je potrebno obravnavati strateško, kar pa pomeni vključevanje veliko različnih kompleksnih aktivnosti med drugim izbiranje potencialnih dobaviteljev in njihovo presojanje do njihovega ocenjevanja in na koncu še razvoja. Vse omenjeno pa v prvi vrsti zaradi zagotavljanja ustrezne kvalitete in pravočasnih dobav, ki so ključne za podjetje Elti d.o.o., ki proizvaja visoko kvalitetne in tehnološko zahtevne izdelke s katerimi mora zadovoljiti svoje kupce pravočasno. V prvem teoretičnem delu predstavljamo zgoraj omenjene aktivnosti in z njimi povezana pomembna področja kot so pomembnost nabave in njenih nalog in ciljev, njena organiziranost in povezanost z ostalimi funkcijami v podjetju in z zunanjimi dobavitelji. S pomočjo spoznanj v prvem teoretične delu bomo na koncu ob vključitvi drugega praktičnega dela v katerem predstavljamo kako potekajo določene aktivnosti, ki so tema diplomske naloge v podjetju potrdili naše hipoteze. Za določene hipoteze, ki se nanašajo na izbiranje dobaviteljev, presojo dobaviteljev, ocenjevanje dobaviteljev in razvoj dobaviteljev s pomočjo metode 20 ključev smo se odločili, ker zaposleni v nabavi opažamo težavo, da imamo z nekaj strateškimi dobavitelji precejšnjo količino reklamacij kar pomeni dobavljanje slabe kvalitete. Ti isti dobavitelji tudi konstantno zamujajo z dobavami. To pa predstavlja za naše podjetje veliko stopnjo tveganosti. Želeli smo ugotoviti ali se določene aktivnosti izvajamo pravilno, da bi lahko dosegli najpomembnejše cilje v nabavi in zagotovili ustrezne kvalitete materiala ob praven času. he thesis presents purchasing area in the company and associated to this also area of suppliers. Both have to be considered strategic what means it have to be included a lot of different complex activities among others searching of the potential suppliers and its evaluation up to their estimation and at the end development of suppliers. All mentioned in the first place it is necessary to ensuring adequate quality and timely delivery, which are key for the company Elti d.o.o. who produces high-quality and technologically demanding products and with them its customers needs to be satisfied at the right time. In the first theoretical parts we are presenting the above mentioned activities ant to them related important areas such as importance of the purchasing and its tasks and objectives, organisation of the purchasing and its connection to the other functions in the company and to the outside suppliers. By using the knowledge of the first theoretical part we will at the end, include also second practical part in which we are presenting how certain activities which are the subject of thesis are held in our company, confirm our hypothesis. For certain hypothesis concerning selection, evaluation, estimation and development of suppliers, which passes through 20 keys method we decided, because we employees in the purchasing department noticed the problem, that we have with couple of strategic suppliers considerable amount of reclamations what means supply of bad quality. These same suppliers also constantly late with deliveries. This represents for our company a high degree of risk. We wanted to determine whether certain activities are carried out properly, in order to achieve the most important goals in the purchasing department and ensure adequate quality materials at the right time.

V teoretičnem delu diplomskega projekta sem opisala pojem, pomen in vlogo nabavne funkcije v podjetju. Na začetku sem opisala funkcijo nabave. Prav ta zagotavlja potrebno blago, materiale, razne storitve, opremo in druge potrebščine, ki so pomembni za poslovanje celotnega podjetja. Glavna naloga nabave je, da zagotovi nemoten potek proizvodnega procesa ob pravem času in primerni ceni. Pri tem ima veliko vlogo pravilna izbira dobavitelja. V nadaljevanju sem predstavila pomen izbire in ocenjevanja dobavitelja ter metode in kriterije, po katerih se ocenitev izvrši. Podjetje mora na začetku najprej narediti seznam zahtev, ki bi jih naj izbrani dobavitelj zadovoljil, ter strmeti k takim dobaviteljem, ki se prilagajajo tem zahtevam in podjetju prinesejo največ koristi. Podjetja izbirajo med različnimi načini in metodami izbire ter ocenjevanja dobaviteljev. V praktičnem delu sem predstavila in raziskala postopek ocenjevanja in izbire dobaviteljev v podjetju Serena d.o.o.. Zelo pomembno je, da podjetje temeljito preuči dobavitelja preden se odloči za trajno sodelovanje. In the theoretical part of my diploma work, I described the notion, significance and role of the purchasing function in a company. First, I described the purchasing function. It provides the necessary goods, materials, various services, equipment and other supplies essential for the operation of the entire company. The main aim of purchasing is to ensure smooth operation of the production process at the right time and at a reasonable price, whereby the proper selection of suppliers plays a key role. Then, I explained the significance of supplier selection and evaluation as well as the methods and criteria used in the selection process. Initially, any company should draw up a list of requirements to be met by the selected supplier and should aim at choosing such a supplier who adapts to the company’s needs, thus bringing most benefits to the company. Various supplier selection and evaluation techniques and methods are available to the companies. In the practical part of the diploma work, I analysed and described the supplier evaluation and selection procedure in Serena d.o.o. It is crucial that any company carefully examines potential suppliers before making a decision on long-term cooperation.

Magistrsko delo obravnava vrednotenje izbire dobaviteljev strateških materialov v livarni. Obravnavali smo dobavitelje opek za talilniška agregata EOP (elektroobločna peč) in AOD (argon-kisikovo razogljičenje, ang. Argon Oxygen Decarburisation), elektrode UHP (elektrode visoke moči, ang. Ultra High Power) ter šamotnega materiala za ulivni sistem livarne. The master thesis deals with assessments of choosing of suppliers for strategic material in the foundry. We have dealt with suppliers of refractory bricks for melting aggregates Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and Argon Oxygen Decarburisation (AOD), Ultra High Power (UHP) electrodes and requirements for refractory holloware.

Poznati kupca in s tem njegove navade, želje in potrebe pomeni biti konkurenčen v veliki ponudbi raznovrstnega pohištva v Sloveniji. Poskušali smo podrobneje prikazati stanje pokritosti Slovenije s saloni pohištva glede na število prebivalcev po mestih in regijah. Raziskava je narejena na osnovi ankete, ki je vsebovala vprašanja o velikosti trgovin, številu zaposlenih prodajalcev, velikosti skladišč, številu dobaviteljev in asortimanu proizvodov. S pomočjo statističnih analiz, ki smo jih opravili, smo dobili dejansko sliko o razširjenosti trgovin s pohištvom. Pokazalo se je, da je prestolnica Slovenije in z njo tudi vsa regija, najbolje pokrita s saloni pohištva, najslabše pa je v zasavski regiji, ki pa tudi v ostalih gospodarskih panogah zaostaja od povprečja. To know the customer and to know his habits, wishes and needs means to be able to compete in the miscellaneous furniture market in Slovenia. We tried to show the furniture salons coverage with regard to the number of inhabitantsin different cities and regions. Our research is based on inquiries about salon size, number of employees, storeroom sizes, number of suppliers, and product assortment. Previously done statistic analysis helped us to create an actual picture of how the furniture stores are spread over the country. It was found out that most stores are situated in the Slovenian capital and surrounding regions, and the least in the Zasavje region, where other industries are also below average.

Izdelki so sestavni del našega življenja, z spremembo na hiter način življenja se je potreba po njih le še povečala, ljudje so postali izbirčnejši in trg se je zelo razširil. Podjetja so se nad povečanjem trga odzvala z razširitvijo ponudbe, med drugim tudi z nakupom bazičnih izdelkov drugih dobaviteljev in jih začela prodajati pod svojo blagovno znamko. V podjetju Gorenje ni bilo drugače. Leta 2004 se je ustanovil oddelek Dopolnilni program, ki se ukvarja z osvajanjem izdelkov in prodajo le teh. Z delom sem se osredotočil prav na to, sprva natančno opisan izdelek, kakšen pomen ima za kupca in okolje ter življenjski cikel le tega. Zatem sem se poglobil v nov izdelek, različice le tega, ter tržni delež različno inovativnih izdelkov. Predstavljen je teoretični cikel vpeljave na trg in pomen blagovne znamke na tržišču. Sledi kratka predstavitev izdelka in prehod v praktični del naloge. V njem opišem postopek vpeljave, ki se uporablja v podjetju. Sprva se izbira ideja, ki je povezana z tržno raziskavo kupčevih zahtev. Po določitvi smernic poiščemo ustreznega dobavitelja, ki izpolnjuje pogoje za sodelovanje. Sočasno začno teči postopki marketinga, priprave kupca na nov izdelek in certificiranja za določeno tržišče. Čelna plošča se medtem oblikovno dodela in pošlje dobavitelju v vgraditev. Po potrditvi finalnega testnega izdelka, obvesti poslovne enote in šifra izdelka se uvede v SAP. Končno se kreira sistem naročanja in logistika do poslovalnic. Products are an integral part of our lives, changes to the fast way of life, the need for them has only increased. Peoples have become more picky and the market has expanded dramatically. Companies have responded to the increase in the market, by extending the range, including the purchase of basic products from other suppliers and sell them under their own brand. Company Gorenje did same, in 2004 they founded the department of Supplementary program, which deals with the conquest of products and sell these. Work is focused on this aspect, first description of the product in detail, product importance on costumer and the enviroment and lifecycle of it. After that work deeps in new product and versions of it. Following all theoretical terms of product development.are explained When finished presentation of basic concept and company profile is desribed. After that work skips on practical part. First, how to get idea of new product which is related on market and customer research. When circumstances are clear, company find suplier, that meets the terms of cooperation. At same step company starts prepairing product to entrance the market. After final testings are made and certifications and front panel design are approved, product unit are informed about the product, SAP product number is established, product is ready to hit the market.

V svetu informacijske družbe, ko so potrebe kupcev vse večje, se povečuje tudi potreba po sodelovanju in izmenjavi podatkov med organizacijami. Potencial, ki ga prinaša e-poslovanje, lahko podjetje izkoristi le, če prilagodi poslovne procese novim tehnologijam. Koristi pa prinese le spremenjen način dela, ne pa tehnologija sama. Sodobna informacijska tehnologija se mora tudi nadgrajevati in moramo jo dobro izkoriščati v namen, da procesi postanejo hitrejši. Uporabljamo jo za notranje poslovanje in za poslovanje med podjetji in tako so zadovoljni zaposleni, kupci in dobavitelji. Z uporabo sodobnih tehnologij lahko podjetja tudi oblikujejo učinkovit sistem naročanja in sledijo izdelkom na njihovi distribucijski poti. Hkrati pa ne smemo pozabiti pravne ureditve e-poslovanja, saj zakona ZEPEP in ZEPT namreč omogočata poslovati elektronsko. ERP rešitev je temelj elektronskega poslovanja in najpomembnejše izmerljive koristi ERP sistema vključujejo zmanjšane zaloge, nižje stroške proizvodnega materiala, in dela ter nižje režijske stroške, kot tudi izboljšanje odnosov s strankami in povečanje prodaje v podjetju. To je dostopno s skrbno izbiro ERP ponudnika in s premišljenim in selektivnim sprejemanjem posameznih vrst tveganj, saj obvladovanje tveganj večinoma ne pomeni popolne zaščite pred tveganji. RIP posnema klasično papirno izmenjavo dokumentov in informacij. Uporaba RIP pomaga podjetjem povečati hitrost pri pošiljanju dokumentov poslovnim partnerjem, skrbi za točen prenos informacij, skrajša procese in operativne stroške. V preteklosti je bila slabost visoka cena vzpostavitve in vzdrževanja, danes pa internet to izpodbija. EDI še masovne uporabe ni doživel, vendar ga čaka svetla prihodnost, ker bo vedno bolj dostopen. S tem pa se bodo procesi v oskrbovalnih verigah skrajšali. Dandanes referent nabave za organizacijo z e-poslovanjem ne naroča le materiala, veliko časa namenijo delu z dobavitelji, mesečno ocenjujejo njihovo učinkovitost, hkrati pa poskrbijo pri prevoznikih, da je material pravočasno na razpolago za proizvodnjo in posledično kupca. In the world of the information society, when customer needs are growing, it also increases the need for cooperation and the exchange of data between organizations. Potential brought by e-business, can be utilized by the company only if adjusts business processes to new technologies. Benefits brings only changed way you work, not the technology itself. Modern information technology should also be upgraded and and we must exploit it well that processes become faster. It is used for internal business and B2B, so employees, customers and suppliers are satisfied. With the use of modern technologies, companies can devise an effective system of ordering, follow the products on their distribution channels. At the same time, however, we must not forget the legal regulation of e-business because the laws ZEPT and ZEPEP indeed allow business electronically. ERP system is the foundation of e-business. The most significant quantifiable benefits of ERP system involve reductions in inventory, material costs, and labor and overhead costs, as well as improvements in customer service and sales. This is achievable with a careful selection of the ERP provider, and with well thought-out and selective adoption of certain types of risks, because risk management mostly does not mean full protection against risks. EDI imitate a classic paper documents and information. The use of EDI helps companies to increase the speed at which companies can send documents to trading partners, improve the accuracy of the information exchanged, reduces processes and operational related costs. In the past, weakness was a high price of the establishment and maintenance, but today the Internet disputes that. EDI has not yet experienced mass use, but a bright future awaits it, because it will be always more accessible. With that the processes in supply chains will be shortened. Nowadays, in the organization with e-business referent of purchase do not only ordering a material, they also devote a lot of time to cooperation with suppliers, they monthly estimate their efficiency, at the same time they ensure that the material will be available in time for the production and also the customer.

Transport je gospodarska dejavnost, ki se ukvarja s prevozom materialnih dobrin in ljudi. Transportna dejavnost v podjetju je ena tistih dejavnosti, ki so danes nesporno nepogrešljive, saj nam omogoča mobilnost materiala in dobrin do potrošnika, dostopnost do informacij in predstavlja vezni člen med dobavitelji in kupci. Optimizacija oskrbovalne verige je proces, ki je odvisen od sodelovanja vseh, ki so zaposleni v podjetju Transport is an economic activity that deals with the transport of material goods and people. Transport activity in the company is one of those activities that are now unquestionably invaluable because they enable mobility and material goods to the consumer, access to information and a link between suppliers and customers. Optimizing the supply chain is a process that depends on the cooperation of all who are employed in the company.

Proces raziskave nabavnega trga in izbira dobavitelja je proces, ki postaja vedno bolj in bolj pomemben v današnjem okolju. Podjetja se zato v današnjem času vse bolj posvečajo nabavi, saj tukaj lahko v veliki meri zmanjšajo stroške, kajti največji del vrednosti proizvoda predstavlja ravno nabavljen material. Nabavno poslovanje postaja vse bolj obsežno, dopolnjujejo ga sedaj že tržne funkcije, kot so proučevanje nabavnega trga, planiranje nabave, odločitve glede dobaviteljev, razvoj dobaviteljev, odločitve o oblikah in načinih nabavnega poslovanja ter nabavnih poteh. Nekdaj tradicionalno razumevanje odnosa kupec–dobavitelj, ki je temeljil na zniževanju cen in tekmovalnosti med udeleženci v menjalnem procesu, usmerjenim v proizvajanje dobrin, je zamenjal sodoben pristop, ki ima v celotni oskrbovalni verigi v središču končnega kupca in idejo, kako zadovoljiti njegove želje in potrebe. V Uniorju, d. d., smatrajo dobavitelje kot strateški kapital in ugled svojega podjetja, zato jim ni vseeno, kdo so njihovi poslovni partnerji. V ta namen vlagajo v razvoj dobaviteljev vse svoje znanje in hotenja, da bi lahko skupaj z njimi razvijali nove inovativne izdelke, nove procese in kljubovali vse močnejši globalni konkurenci. Zavedajo se, da bodo le skupaj povezani v celotni dobavni verigi uspeli čim bolj zadovoljiti potrebe, ki jih od njih pričakujejo njihovi kupci. Process research of the purchasing market and choice of supplier is a process that is becoming more and more important in today's environment. The company, therefore, in today's increasingly focused on purchasing, because here you can greatly reduce the cost, since the largest part of the value of a product represents the flat purchased material. The cost of doing business is becoming increasingly widespread, complemented by now already marketable features, such as the study of the purchasing market, planning to purchase decisions with regard to suppliers, the development of suppliers, the decision on the forms and methods of purchasing business and purchase channels. Formerly a traditional understanding of the relationship of buyer-supplier, which was based on the price depression and competition between participants in the Exchange process, aimed at producing goods, was replaced by the modern approach, which has in the entire chain of re-supply in the heart of the final purchaser, and an idea of how to satisfy his desires and needs. In Unior d. d., they think that the vendors as a strategic capital and reputation of your company, so they do not care who they are, their business partners. To this end, investing in the development of suppliers for all your knowledge and willingness to be with them, develop new innovative products, new processes, and kljubovali all the stronger global competition. Be aware that they will only along linked throughout the supply chain to succeed as much as possible to satisfy the needs of their customers.

V diplomskem seminarju smo si zadali cilj, da analiziramo nabavni proces s teoretičnega in praktičnega vidika. V uvodu smo opredelili področje dela in cilje natančno opredelili ter navedli tudi predpostavke ter omejitve in metode raziskovanja. V teoretičnem delu naloge smo opisali vse faze nabavnega procesa na osnovi tega kakor je predstavljen v strokovni literaturi s področja nabave. Osnovni namen primerne organizacije nabavnega procesa je, da nabavna služba pravočasno zagotovi iskano količino materiala po pravi ceni in v primerni kvaliteti. V aplikativnem delu smo na osnovi teoretičnih izhodišč analizirali nabavni proces v podjetju Kovintrade d.d. in na koncu zapisali naša opažanja in predloge za izboljšave. Ugotovili smo, da je nabavni proces v proučevanem podjetju organiziran enako kot smo navedli v teoretičnem delu naloge, praktična izvedba procesa nabave pa ima določene specifične značilnosti, saj je v tem podjetju nabavna funkcijo združena s prodajno funkcijo. This diploma has the goal to make the analysis of the purchasing process from theoretical and practical point of view. The indroduction chapter is defining the field of our work and our goals as well as the assumptions and limitations and methods of our research. In the theoretical part of our work all the phases of the purchasing process have been described on the basis of the the theoretical knowledge of the authors describing the purchasing process. The basic goal of the proper organisation of the purchasing process is that the purchasing department assures the right material in the right qauantiy and quality at the right time. In the practical part of our work the purchasing process in the company Kovintrade was analised and our observations, findings and proposals for improvement has been stated. The result of our work is that we have found out that the purchasing process in the company Kovintrade is organised in the same way as it is recommended in the theory. The specialty of the process in this company is the fact that the purchasing and the sales are gathered in one section.

Nabava v podjetju je ena izmed najpomembnejših funkcij poslovanja v podjetju. Učinkovita in uspešna je le takrat, ko so zaposleni dovolj usposobljeni in motivirani za izvajanje nabavnih opravil. V svetu je konkurenca ogromna, zaradi sprememb tehnologije in uporabe različnih materialov je obseg nalog v nabavi izjemno širok. Unior je podjetje z dolgoletno tradicijo, poznan povsod po Evropi in širnem svetu. Že sama beseda Unior posodablja kvaliteto, kar pa ni bilo zlahka doseči. Skozi leta je bilo potrebno veliko truda, da je podjetje danes uspešno. V času nenehnega boja za obstanek je nabava ključnega pomena za obstanek na samem vrhu in za uspešnost podjetja. Pri izbiri dobavitelja mora nabava zagotoviti najboljše dobavitelje za podjetje, ki ga bodo oskrbovali z najboljšimi, najkvalitetnejšimi materiali, v pravem času, po primernih cenah in zadostnih količinah. Dobavitelj je ključ do izboljšanja ter učinkovitosti podjetja. Naloga nabave pa se z izbiro dobaviteljev ne konča, kajti potrebno je nenehno zagotavljanje kakovosti izbranega dobavitelja. Potrebno je spremljati dobavitelje in z njimi graditi odnos. Naloge nabave so različne, vendar soodvisne in med seboj povezane. Za uspešno poslovanje je pomembna hitrost, pravočasnost in kakovost izvrševanja nabavnih nalog. Purchase is one of the more important business functions in an enterprise. The purchase is effective and successful only when its employees are enough qualified and motivated for execution of the tasks of the purchase. The worldwide competition is enormous and because of the changes in technology and the use of different materials the scope of tasks in purchase is very wide. Unior is an enterprise with a long-time tradition and known all over Europe and also worldwide. The word Unior itself means quality, which was not easy to achieve. It took a lot of years and a lot of effort for Unior to become such a successful enterprise. In the days of constant battle for existence the purchase is the greatest significance for the existence on the top and for the success of an enterprise. When choosing the right suppliers the purchase must provide the best suppliers, who will purvey the enterprise with the best, the most quality materials, in the right time, at suitable prices and in sufficient amounts. The supplier is the key to the improvement and to the efficacy of the enterprise. For the purchase it takes more than just choosing the right suppliers, it must constantly provide the quality of the chosen supplier, escort other suppliers and build relations with them. The tasks of the purchase are different but in the same time co-dependent and interactive. Speed, punctuality and quality of the fulfilment of purchasing tasks are very important for a successful business.

Poslovni svet zahteva hitrost, točnost in zanesljivost. Tako dobavitelj kot kupci postajajo zahtevnejši do svojih partnerjev in pričakujejo hitrejše odzivne čase in zanesljivost. Številna podjetja, tako mala kot velika, se ne glede na dejavnost, s katero se ukvarjajo, pri poslovanju srečujejo z mnogo problemi. Vedno je prisoten nek problem in vedno se najde kakšna težava oziroma kakšna pomanjkljivost v podjetju. Poleg prodaje in marketinga, ki sta za podjetja zelo pomembna, ne smemo pozabiti na vse ostale procese, ki pripeljejo do tega, da se izdelek ali storitev znajde na polici oziroma trgu. Eden izmed problemov, s katerimi se podjetja pogosto srečujejo, je skladiščenje in skladiščno poslovanje. Glede na to, da se nam omenjeni proces zdi izjemno zanimiv, bomo v nadaljevanju naloge predstavili tako teoretični kot tudi praktični vidik skladiščenja v malem podjetju. Bussines world demands speed, accuracy and reliability. Both, suppliers and customers, are becoming more and more demanding to their partners and are expecting faster reaction time and bigger reliability. Many companies, small and large, no matter the activity they are delaing with in their operations are facing many problems. There is always a problem or a defect present. In addition to sales and marketing, which are very important for businesses, we must not forget all the other processes that lead to the condition that a product or service is put on a shelf or on the market. One of the problems faced by businesses is warehousing and storage management. Given that this problem seems to be a very interesting process, we will present the following tasks from a theoretical, as well as practical aspect of warehousing in a small company.

Nabava je bila včasih oddelek, ki je skrbel predvsem za kupovanje po čim nižji ceni, sedaj pa lahko rečem, da je nabava oddelek, katerega naloga je iskanje najboljše vrednosti pri manjšem številu boljših dobaviteljev. Pomen nabavne funkcije je dosegati čim manjše nabavne stroške in s tem zmanjšati lastno ceno izdelka. Nabava je s svojim delovanjem v podjetju povezana z ostalimi ključnimi funkcijami kot so prodaja, razvojni oddelek, finance in kadrovska služba. Izbira pravih dobaviteljev predstavlja najpomembnejšo fazo nabavnega procesa. Pogoj za pravilen izbor pa je ocenjevanje dobaviteljev po različnih kriterijih. Pravi dobavitelji in zgrajen partnerski odnos sta izrednega pomena zaradi zagotavljanja kakovosti in zanesljivosti dobav. Partnerski odnos pa vedno temelji na dobri in odprti komunikaciji, ter zaupanju med poslovnima partnerjema. V podjetju Vivapen strmijo za dobavitelji, ki imajo sposobnost prilagajanja razmeram na trgu. Okolje je vse bolj dinamično in zahteva kratke reakcijske čase, hitro prilagajanje, veliko odzivnost in hitrost na vseh področjih delovanja. S sodelovanjem in zaupanja vrednimi partnerji je vse to tudi mogoče. To je pogoj za dolgoročno uspešnost njihovega delovanja in odziva na razmere v trgu. Acquisition was once a department that was responsible primarily for the purchase at a reduced price, but now I can say that the purchasing department whose task is to find the best value in a few better suppliers. The importance of the purchasing function is achieved by minimizing acquisition costs and thus reduce their own prices. Acquisition is through their activities in a company linked to other key functions such as sales, R & D department, Finance and Human Resources. Choosing the right supplier is the most important phase of the purchasing process. The condition for the proper selection, assessment of suppliers by various criteria. He says suppliers and built partnerships are of utmost importance to ensure quality and reliability of deliveries. The partner relationship is always based on good and open communication and trust between business partners. The company Vivapen stare for suppliers who have the ability to adapt to market conditions. The environment is becoming more dynamic and requires short response times, rapid adaptation, a lot of responsiveness and speed in all areas. By working and trusted partners, all this is possible. This is a prerequisite for long-term success of their performance and response to the situation in the market.

V magistrski nalogi smo predstavili pomen nabavne funkcije v trgovskem podjetju, s poudarkom na procesu izbire in ocenjevanja dobaviteljev. Pravilna izbira temelji predvsem na dobri raziskavi potencialnih in obstoječih dobaviteljev in na pravilnem postopku izbire.S pomočjo programa za podporo odločanju DEXi smo razvili model večparametrskega odločanja, ki nam omogoča izbiro dobavitelja trgovskega blaga. Kriterije za postavitev odločitvenega modela so bili oblikovani na podlagi znanja, želja kupcev in na predhodnih izkušnjah strokovnjakov iz projektne skupine. Cilj odločitvenega modela je olajšati proces odločanja pri izbiri najboljšega dobavitelja, sprejeti argumentirane in kvalitetne odločitve in pri tem skrajšati čas izbire. Model izbire najprimernejšega dobavitelja smo konkretno preizkusili na ponudbi košarice trgovskega blaga za določen projekt in analizirali še njegove prednosti, slabosti, nevarnosti in priložnosti. In this paper we presented the meaning of purchasing in trading company, with the emphasis in the process of selection and evaluation the suppliers. The right choice is mainly based on good research of our potential and existing suppliers and on right process of selection. With the help of decision support programme DEXi, we developed the multi-attribute decision making model, which allows a selection of merchandise suppliers. Criteria for setting up decision model were formed based on knowledge, customer requests and previous experience of experts from the project group. The goal of this decision making model is to facilitate the process of choosing the best supplier, to accept argumentative and qualitative decisions and in this way shorten the selection time. The model was tested on the offer of merchandise for specific project and was analysed in its advantages, disadvantages, dangers and opportunities.

V diplomskem seminarju sem obravnavala poslovna pogajanja v nabavi podjetja Kovačija Štruc Muta. V prvem delu diplomskega seminarja sem opisala nabavni managment in povezanost nabavne funkcije z ostalimi funkcijami v podjetju. Za uspešnost nabavne funkcije pa je zelo pomemben nabavno-pogajalski proces, izjemno odločilna je priprava na poslovna pogajanja. Pogajamo se vsak dan, tako v podjetjih, kot v privatnem življenju. Na rezultat in uspešnost poslovnih pogajanj vpliva osebnost pogajalca. V drugem poglavju sem se osredotočila na pogajanja in osebnost pogajalcev..Zaradi nenehnih tržnih sprememb in globalizacije pripisujejo podjetja pomembno vlogo strateškim povezavam, ki prinašajo dolgoročno korist tako dobavitelju kot kupcu. V praktičnem delu seminarja sem opisala nabavni proces na podlagi omenjenega podjetja. Prišla sem do pomembnih ugotovitev. V podjetju Kovačija Štruc Muta pripisujejo nabavni funkciji pomembno vlogo, saj se zavedajo, da lahko le tako zagotovijo uspešnost in dobiček. V podjetju nenehno bdijo na dobaviteljevimi spremembami in nabavno funkcijo povezujejo z vsemi ostalimi funkcijami v podjetju. Z novo CNC tehnologijo so dosegli višjo stopnjo konkurenčnosti, hitrejšo proizvodnjo, predvsem pa zadovoljstvo z omenjenim strojem za izdelavo orodij, s strani vodstva in vodje orodjarne. ABSTRACT In the diploma I discussed business negotiations in the company Kovačija Štruč Muta. The first part of the diploma seminar paper describes the purchasing management and the correlation of function of purchasing with other functions in the enterprise. The function of purchasing is gaining importance and it is attributed broader significance than in the past. Successful and quality purchasing enables not only undisturbed production but also lowers the expenses and increases the profit. The process of negotiation and purchasing, especially the preparation on the business negotiation is crucial for a successful purchasing function. We negotiate daily, in the companies, in our private life. The personality of the negotiator affects the result and performance of negotiations. The second chapter is focused on negotiations and pesronalities of the negotiators Because of the continuing marketing changes and globalization companies emphasize strategic connections, which bring sustainable benefit for the supplier as well as for the customer. In the practical part of the seminar paper I describes the purchasing process on the case of the mentioned enterprise. I came to some important conclusions. In the company Kovačija Štruc Muta they know that only with emphasizing the importance of the purchasing process they can enjoy profit and good results. They are carefully observing every supplier's changes and the purchasing function is being connected to all the other functions in the company. With the new CNC technology they achieved competitiveness, faster production, but most importantly satisfied managers and supervisors. Key words: business function, supplier, purchaser, strategic partners, business negotiations, purchasing and negotiable process, preparative for the purchasing negotiations, negotiable starategies, negotiable tactis.

Dobavo električne energije, proizvodnjo, prenos in porabo predpisuje notranja zakonodaja, mednarodni standardi in drugi energetski predpisi. V diplomskem delu so predstavljeni pravnoformalni postopki priključitve na distribucijsko omrežje, odjem električne energije, merilne naprave za merjenje porabe, načini obračunavanja dobave idr. Natančno so opredeljene pomanjkljivosti, ki se pojavljajo pri dobavi, distribuciji, naravnih nesrečah, prekinitvah dobave, dodeljevanju nujne in zasilne oskrbe, števcih za merjenje porabe, ceni električne energije in prispevkov ter obračunavanju električne energije. V diplomskem delu so podani tudi trenutno najugodnejši predlogi rešitev. Direktiva 2009/72/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Evropskega sveta z dne 13. 7. 2009 o skupnih pravilih notranjega trga z električno energijo in o razveljavitvi Direktive 2003/54/ES v 1. točki navaja, da je cilj notranjega trga z električno energijo, ki se postopoma uvaja po vsej Skupnosti od leta 1999, zagotovitev resnične izbire vsem potrošnikom v Evropski uniji, bodisi državljanom bodisi gospodarstvu, novih poslovnih priložnosti, več čezmejnega trgovanja, da bi na ta način zagotovili večjo učinkovitost, konkurenčnejše cene in višje standarde storitev ter prispevati k zanesljivosti oskrbe in trajnosti. Supply, transfer and the production of electricity are defined by national and international standards, as well as the regulations for the energetic sector. Our work first presents the formal procedure of connecting the user to the grid, electricity supply to the user, measurement apparatus, the tariff system and similar. Problems that may occur are also precisely defined. Those problems may be: temporary halt in the supply, natural disasters, minimum and emergency supply, upkeep of the measurement apparatus and problems with the tariff system. Our work is ended by giving the practical solutions to the previously presented problems. Directive 2009/72/EC of The European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 2003/54/EC states in point 1 that the internal market in electricity, which has been progressively implemented throughout the Community since 1999, aims to deliver real choice for all consumers of the European Union, be they citizens or businesses, new business opportunities and more cross-border trade, so as to achieve efficiency gains, competitive prices, and higher standards of service, and to contribute to security of supply and sustainability.

Diplomsko delo je nastalo na osnovi projekta dopolnitve procesa kontrolnega prevzema blaga v IIS Largo. Nadgradnja je vsebovala rešitev za avtomatizacijo odločanja o potrebnem preverjanju in avtomatski izdelavi zapisnikov o kvaliteti.. Diplomsko delo opisuje tudi vzroke, ki so bili povod za načrtovanje sprememb, logiko prevzema ter opis predhodnega stanja. Osrednji del diplome opisuje novonastalo programsko rešitev, ki omogoča informacijskemu sistemu samodejno prepoznavanje potrebe po nadzoru blaga in avtomatsko izdelavo zapisa kvalitetnega prevzema. V zadnjem delu diplome pa so podane možnosti nadaljnjega izboljšanja programske rešitve. The present dissertation is based on the project of updating the quality acceptance process of goods in IIS Largo. The update supports automatic quality inspection decision making process and automatic creation of quality records. The thesis describes the previous situation, provides causes which have led to the necessity of introducing changes and explains the reasoning behind the processes. The main part of the dissertation is focused on the new software solution which enables automatic identification of the need to inspect income goods and automatically creates quality records. Possibilities of further software improvement are given at the end of the dissertation.

Nabava predstavlja v vsakem podjetju posebno vlogo, saj je njena funkcija ena od pomembnejših poslovnih funkcij v podjetju. Če želijo biti podjetja poslovno uspešna, morajo posvetiti veliko pozornosti sami nabavi, saj le gospodarna in učinkovita nabavna funkcija pripomore k uspešnosti podjetja. Njena temeljna naloga je, da pravočasno, v ustrezni količini, primerni kakovosti in ob ustrezni ceni oskrbuje podjetje s potrebnimi surovinami in storitvami. Izbira primernega, ustreznega dobavitelja je ključna naloga nabave, saj dobavitelj vpliva na uspeh in konkurenčnost podjetja. Na izbiro primernega dobavitelja vpliva zelo veliko dejavnikov. Pogoj za pravilno izbiro sta dobra raziskava potencialnih dobaviteljev in pravilen postopek izbire. Podjetje si mora pred začetkom izbire in ocenjevanja potencialnih dobaviteljev oblikovati spisek zahtev in kriterijev, ki naj bi jih izbrani dobavitelji čim bolje zadovoljili. Z izbiro dobavitelja se naloga nabave ne konča. Podjetje mora določiti kakšen bo njegov odnos do izbranega dobavitelja, tega dobavitelja spremljati in ta odnos z njim razvijati. In every company purchasing represents a speacial role, since her function in one of the major business functions in the company. If companies wish to provide successful business, they must devote a lot of attention to their own purchase, since only efficient and effective purchasing function contributes to the success of the company. Its fundamental task is to supply company with the necessary raw materials and services in time, in appropriate quantity, at appropriate quality and price. Selecting the suitable supplier is the key task of supply management, since the approriate supplier has the impact on the success and competitivness of company. Many factors influence the selection of the suitable supplier. Terms for the proper selection are research of potencial suppliers and the right procedure of selection. Before selection and evaluation, company must make a list of demands and criteria that the chosen supplier should meet in the best possible way. By selecting supplier, the task of supply is not completed. The company must also define its relation to the selected supplier, that means monitoring and developing an appropriate relationship with him.

Nabavni proces je vse zahtevnejši in ima vedno večji strateški pomen za konkurenčnost podjetja. Tako nabava ne predstavlja več zgolj podporne funkcije za zagotavljanje nemotene proizvodnje ali prodaje, temveč prestavlja način zagotavljanja prihranke sredstev za celotno poslovanje podjetja. Prav tako je potrebno sprotno spremljanje nabavnega procesa, da se lahko hitro odzove podjetje na spremembe. Najpomembnejša faza v nabavnem procesu pa je zagotovo izbira najprimernejšega dobavitelja. V teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge sem opisala kako poteka izbiranje primernega dobavitelja, kateri so kriteriji, ki jih podjetje upošteva v skladu s svojimi željami. Prav tako pa je v teoretičnem delu predstavljeno ocenjevanje dobaviteljev, ki ga morajo podjetja izvesti, da imajo pregled nad dobaviteljem, ter njegovo učinkovitostjo. V drugem delu, aplikativnem, sem predstavila izbiranje in ocenjevanje dobaviteljem na primeru podjetja Aha Emmi d.o.o.. V podjetju najprej izbirajo informacije o potencialnih dobaviteljih. Nato na podlagi kriterijev naredijo ožji izbor. Najpogostejši kriteriji, ki vplivajo na izbor so: • kakovost materiala • reference podjetja • cena • plačilni pogoji • dobavni pogoji • sistem kakovosti podjetja • transport • proizvodne zmogljivosti • lokacija dobavitelja. Vendar na koncu mora dobavitelj še izpolnjevat naslednje pogoje: • izdeluje v skladu z referenčnim vzorcem • ima certifikat kakovosti ISO 9001 • in je 1x letno izveden audit pri njem. Ko podjetje Aha Emmi, izbere določene dobavitelje izvaja vsaj enkrat letno ocenjevanje, kjer so pomembna tri področja, ki so: • kakovost (število reklamacij, sistem kakovosti) • cena, plačilni pogoji • fleksibilnost dobavitelja. Na koncu diplomske naloge sem še naredila analizo med štirimi dobavitelji, ki imajo povsem drugačni geografski izvor. Glede na primerjavo kitajskega z evropskim ter slovenskim, sem ugotovila, da bistvene razlike med njimi ni. Vsi so enako kakovostni ter konkurenčni s cenami ter plačilnimi pogoji, imajo enake sisteme kakovosti ter so v vseh pogledih konkurenčni med seboj. Zaradi tega razloga je v podjetju Aha Emmi veliko tujih ter prav tako veliko domačih dobaviteljev. The purchase business is more and more demanding and extended. The acyuisition is not anymore just a support infunction to ensure undisturbed manufacturing or sale, but it is guarantying saving, to the overall company business. For simultaneusly taken steps in purchase it is necessary to control it regularly. The most important decision that the purchase department must take, if the company wishes to be competitive, is to decide on a suitable supplier. In first part, the theoretical part of diploma, is based on evaluating and choosing a supplier. That is really important, because company can chose a supplier that is most suitable for them. The assessment of suppliers is also important, because throught assessment of the criteria, it gives us an insight into their business. That is important for the buyer and also for the supplier, beacuse the feedback can be used to take stapes to improve the cooperation. The second part, the practical part, is based on concrete way of choosing and evaluating the supplier for the company Aha Emmi. The first step in company is choosing information about potencial supplier and then they have the following set of criteria, which they evaluate before choosing a supplier. Criteria are: • quality • refernece of company • price • payment • delivery terms • quality sistem of company • transport • production • location. But supplier must to have also: • produce with reference sample • quality certificat ISO 9001 • supplier audit. The evaluation of the supplier is made at least once per year in the company Aha Emmi. Evaluation of supplier is based on presupposed criteria for evaluating a supplier and combines 3 categories • quality (reclamation, sistem of quality) • financial demands (price, payment) • fleksibility of company. In the end of diploma, I did analysis between suppliers. I found, that all suppliers, no mather, where are they from, are the same in quality and financial demands. Because of this reasons have Aha Emmi suppliers from all the world.

Kakovost je skupek značilnosti in značilnih vrednosti nekega izdelka ali storitve glede na njegovo primernost in izpolnjevanje točno določenih in predpostavljenih potreb. Zahteve postavlja seveda kupec oziroma tržišče. Pomemben kapital podjetja je zadovoljen kupec, prav tako pa zagotovilo za uspešno poslovanje v prihodnosti. Le od zadovoljnega kupca je mogoče pričakovati, da bo ostal lojalen podjetju in za naslednji nakup ne bo izbral enega od konkurentov. Problem, ki smo ga v tem diplomskem delu obravnavali so izboljšave procesa na osnovi analize reklamacij v podjetju Razgoršek d.o.o. Kakovost izdelka in storitve je v času vedno večje konkurence ter vedno večjih zahtev in potreb kupcev poleg cene in spoštovanja rokov dobave odločilni dejavnik uspešnosti podjetja. Namen diplomske naloge je prispevati k boljši uporabi informacij iz reklamacij, ki lahko služijo kot orodje za izboljšanje kakovosti izdelka in s tem vplivajo na uspešnost podjetja. V diplomskem delu smo želeli prikazati kako pomembno je prikazovanje kakovosti. Za obvladovanje kakovosti mora imeti podjetje organizirano ustrezno službo za zagotavljanje kakovosti, zato je eden najpomembnejših korakov nakupovalnega procesa pravilna in primerna izbira dobavitelja. Quality is a set of characteristics and characteristic values of a product or service in terms of its relevance and fulfilment of specific needs and assumptions. A requirement of course, puts the purchaser or the market. Significant capital firms satisfied customer, and it is also requirement for a successful business in the future. Only from satisfied customers can be expected loyalty to the company and his next purchase will not be one of the competitors. The problem we discuss in this Thesis deals with the improvement process, based on an analysis of complaints in the company Razgoršek Ltd. Product quality and service at a time of increasing competition and growing demands and needs of customers in addition to the prices in respect of delivery determining factor limits the company's success. The purpose of Thesis is to contribute to a better use of information from complaints, which may serve as a tool to improve the quality of the product and thus affect the performance of the company. In this Thesis we wanted to show how important is quality. For quality control must have a company organized to provide adequate service quality, and it is one of the most important steps in the process of purchasing the correct and appropriate choice of supplier.

V prvem delu naloge je na osnovi teorije predstavljena nabavna funkcija, njena organiziranost in delo, prav tako so v tem delu predstavljene tudi osnove dela na projektih. V nadaljevanju so opisana dejstva, procesi in pojavi v zvezi z razvojem novih izdelkov v podjetju Gorenje d.d. in obstoječ način vključevanja nabavne funkcije v razvojen projekte. V zadnjem delu naloge pa so na osnovi SWOT analize predstavljene slabosti obstoječega načina vključevanja nabave v razvojne projekte, ter podan predlog za izboljšanje vključevanja nabave v razvojne projekte. In first part is theoreticali described work in purchaseing, organization of purchaseing and its function in company, as well I theoreticali described also project working. Later on I described process of new products development in company Gorenje d.d. and present way of introduction of purchaseing department in R&D projects. In last part I presented on base of SWOT analysis all weeknesses of present way of introduction purchaseing department in R&D projects and I proposed some new solutions how to improve the way of introduction the purchaseing department in R&D projects.