Search

Magistrsko delo opisuje modeliranje vpliva vhodnega toka in zunanje temperature na točnost merjenja tokovnega merilnega transformatorja, ki ga v samem števcu električne energije uporabljamo kot senzor za merjenje električnega toka. Pridobljeni regresijski model je bil uporabljen pri programiranju kompenzacije v vdelani programski opremi. V prvem koraku smo preučili vrste tokovnih senzorjev in opisali tokovni transformator. V drugem koraku je opisan postopek kalibracije števcev električne energije. V tretjem koraku je opisano matematično ozadje modeliranja. V četrtem koraku je predstavljen postopek meritev, ki smo jih izvajali na tokovnem merilnem transformatorju. Na koncu je opisana vizualizacija podatkov s programskim jezikom Python. The master's thesis describes the modeling of the influence of input current and outdoor temperature on the measurement accuracy of a current measuring transformer, which is used in the electricity meter as a sensor for measuring electric current. The obtained regression model was used in the programming of the compensation in the firmware. Firstly, we examined the types of current sensors and described the current transformer. Secondly, we described the calibration procedure of electricity meters. Thirdly, we described the mathematical background of the modeling. Fourthly, the procedure of measurements performed on the current measuring transformer is presented. Lastly, data visualization with the Python programming language is described.

V zaključni nalogi smo izdelali koncept preizkuševalne naprave, ki bo omogočala testiranje končno sestavljenih mulčerjev v proizvodnji. Tako preizkuševalno napravo bi podjetje lahko uporabljalo v namene testiranja izdelkov in s tem zagotavljalo in preverjalo kakovost izdelkov, ki zapuščajo tovarno. Zasnovo preizkuševalne naprave, ki smo jo predstavili v diplomski nalogi smo razdelili na dva dela. V prvem delu smo zasnovali geometrijski model, s katerim smo si pomagali določiti postavitev nosilnih elementov in njihove dimenzije. V drugem delu smo zasnovali hidravlično krmiljenje sistema, da lahko kontroliramo dvigovanje in nagibanje preizkuševanega mulčerja. Preračunali in izbrali smo tudi primerne hidravlične komponente, ki sestavljajo naš sistem. In our thesis, we created a concept test bed for a mulching device in final assembly. The company could use the device for final testing and quality control of the assembly that leaves the manufactory. The design of the test fixture, which is described in our thesis is divided into two sections. First, we design a model (CAD) to help with the placement of support elements and their dimensions. In the second section we will design the hydraulic system for vertical control and tilt control of the mulcher. This will include the selection of appropriate hydraulic parts, their placement and role in the system.

V diplomski nalogi so na začetku raziskani trije pomembnejši dokumenti agencije Evropske unije za varnost omrežij in informacij, ki predstavljajo kibernetsko varnost modernih bolnišnic, smernice za javno naročanje v zdravstvenih sistemih ter varnost v oblaku za zdravstvene storitve. V nadaljevanju naloge so opisana glavna varnostna orodja, ki jih današnje varnostne organizacije uporabljajo za zaščito svojih sistemov. Predstavljeni so protivirusna programska oprema, orodja za analizo groženj, orodja za preprečevanje izgube podatkov in uporaba umetne inteligence pri kibernetski varnosti, poleg pa so podani še primeri dejanskih orodij, ki se uporabljajo v praksi. V zadnjem delu naloge pa so predstavljeni in opisani še glavni napadi, ki jih napadalci uporabljajo za zlonamerne dejavnosti, ter primeri teh napadov, ki so se nedavno zgodili. Na koncu naloge pa se osredotočam še na dobre prakse na področjih sistemov za uporabljanje stavb, kliničnih informacijskih sistemov, storitev v oblaku in splošne dobre prakse za vse tipe zdravstvenih organizacij. The thesis initially explores three important documents from the European Union's Agency for Network and Information Security, representing cybersecurity of modern hospitals, guidelines for public procurement in healthcare systems, and cloud security for healthcare services. The main security tools used by security organisations to protect their systems are described in the following. In addition, antivirus software, threat analysis tools, data loss prevention tools and the use of artificial intelligence in cybersecurity are presented and supported with examples of actual tools used in practice. In the last part of the thesis, the main attacks used by attackers for malicious activities are introduced and described, as well as examples of these attacks that have recently occurred. Finally, I focus on good practices in the areas of building management systems, clinical information systems, cloud services and general good practices for all types of healthcare organisations.

Zdrava prehrana v otroštvu zmanjšuje tveganje za pojav kroničnih nenalezljivih bolezni ter pozitivno vpliva na razvoj in učne sposobnosti otrok. Svetuje se uživanje zelenjave, sadja, polnozrnatih izdelkov, pustega mesa, nenasičenih maščob ter redna telesna dejavnost. Vseeno pa je delež predebelih otrok v Evropi visok, v povprečju je leta 2018 za 15-letne učence znašal 19 %. K izboljšanju prehranskih navad in zmanjšanju deleža predebelih in čezmerno hranjenih otrok bi lahko prispevala zdrava in uravnotežena šolska prehrana. Organizacijo šolske prehrane določajo ukrepi v okviru šolskih prehranskih politik, ki podajajo različne standarde glede sestave obrokov, pogostosti vključevanja živil v obroke, hranilne vrednosti obrokov, oglaševanja živil, avtomatov s hrano in pijačo v šolskem prostoru in splošnih smernic za organizacijo prehrane. Večina držav v šolske prehranske politike vključuje smernice glede sestave kosila in ostalih obrokov, velikost porcij, energijsko vrednost kosila, smernice glede dovoljenih pijač, obvezen dostop do pitne vode ter količino sadja in zelenjave. Namen šolskih prehranskih politik je izboljšati prehrano otrok in jim privzgojiti zdrave prehranske navade. Z namenom povečanja uživanja sadja in zelenjave ter mleka in mlečnih izdelkov se v šolah v Evropski uniji izvaja projekt Šolska shema, ki učencem zagotovi brezplačen obrok omenjenih skupin živil. Šola sama določi pogostost razdeljevanja dodatnega obroka, ki mora potekati enakomerno čez celo šolsko leto. A healthy diet in childhood reduces the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases and positively affects development and learning abilities. It is advisable to eat vegetables, fruit, whole-grain foods, lean meat, unsaturated fats and have regular physical activity. However, the proportion of obese children in Europe is high, on average 19 % for 15-year-old schoolchildren in 2018. Healthy and balanced school meals could contribute to better dietary habits and reduction of obesity and overweight in children. The organization of school meals is determined by measures within school food policies, which define different standards for composition of meals, portion size, frequency of serving different food groups, nutritional value of meals, food advertising, vending machines in school place and general guidelines for school meals organization. In school food policies, most countries include guidelines for lunch composition, portion size, the energy value of lunch, permitted beverages, access to drinking water and the amount of fruit and vegetables. The purpose of school nutrition policy is to improve children's diet and nurture healthy eating habits. To increase the consumption of fruit, vegetables, milk and dairy products, a school scheme project is implemented in schools in the European Union, which provides school-aged children with a free meal from these food groups. The frequency of the additional meal distribution is determined by the school, evenly throughout the school year.

Zaradi vse večje konkurenčnosti na trgu števcev električne energije, se vse več podjetij prizadeva za zmanjšanje cen proizvodnje in tudi sestavnega materiala števca. Pri podjetju Iskraemeco d.d. si prizadevajo za čim cenejšo izvedbo merilnega dela, saj analogni del tega doprinese večino stroškov dela in materiala. Novi števec bi tako zmanjšal ceno materiala, saj naj ne bi potreboval dodatnih sestavnih delov senzorja. Tuljava Rogowski, v kolikor je dovolj dobro navita, je imuna na vplive zunanjega magnetnega polja in enosmerno komponento, zato ne potrebuje zapletenega in dragega oklopa. Prav tako ne potrebujemo dodatnih plastičnih delov za postavitev tuljav v števec, saj je merilni del novega števca zelo preprosto zasnovan. Preden gre lahko tak števec v produkcijo, potrebuje kvalifikacijo oz. validacijo merilnega dela števca. Ta poteka po utečenem postopku, v skladu z že uveljavljenimi evropskimi standardi. Prav tako je potrebna analiza stabilnosti procesa izdelave, ki je v večji meri odvisna predvsem od ponovljivosti navijanja tuljav, kar neposredno pomeni boljšo natančnost in točnost števca. Postopek validacije števca električne energije z merilnim delom sestavljenim iz treh tuljav Rogowski je predstavljen v tej magistrski nalogi. Due to the growing competitiveness in the electricity meter market, more and more companies are striving to reduce production as well as the meter's component material costs. At Iskraemeco d.d. they strive to make the measurement part of the electricity meter as cheap as possible since the analog part of this part contributes most of the labor and material costs. The new meter would thus reduce the cost of the material, as it would not need additional sensor components. The Rogowski coil, if wound well enough, is immune to the effects of an external magnetic field and a one-way component, so it does not need complex and expensive shielding. We also do not need additional plastic parts to position the coils in the meter, as the measurement part of the new meter is very simply designed. However, before such a meter can go into production, it needs a qualification or validation of the measuring part of the meter. This is done according to the routine procedure, in accordance with already established European standards. It is also necessary to analyze the stability of the manufacturing process, which largely depends on the repeatability of the winding of the coils, which directly means better accuracy and precision of the meter. The process of validation of an electricity meter with a measuring part consisting of three Rogowski coils is presented in this master's thesis.

V raziskavi smo preučevali količinsko-kakovostni izkoristek bukovine od stoječega drevesa do žaganega lesa. Zanimala nas je ocena kakovosti posameznih dreves in njen vpliv na kakovostne razrede proizvodov iz tega lesa. Pri razvrščanju stoječih dreves smo upoštevali aktualno 5-stopenjsko lestvico ocenjevanja kakovosti Zavoda za gozdove Slovenije (ZGS). Pri ocenjevanju gozdnih sortimentov smo uporabljali standard SIST EN 1316-1:2013, pri ocenjevanju žaganega lesa pa pravila Evropskega združenja žagarske industrije (EOS). Na vzorcu ocenjenih in nato posekanih dreves smo ugotavljali povezave med kakovostjo dreves, iz njih izdelanih sortimentov okroglega lesa in kakovostjo končnih žagarskih izdelkov. V vzorec so bila enakovredno zajeta drevesa vseh petih kakovostnih stopenj. Pri izdelavi gozdnih sortimentov smo dobili največ hlodov B-kakovosti (51 %) in največ žaganega lesa EOS-C-kakovosti (52 %). Iz bukovih dreves odlične kakovosti smo dobili 35 % najkakovostnejših sortimentov in iz teh sortimentov 8 % najkakovostnejšega žaganega lesa. Odločilni kriterij razvrščanja po kakovosti so pri sortimentih okroglega lesa slepice in pri žaganem lesu mrtve in trhle grče. The research addresses beech wood, from a standing tree to sawn wood. It focuses on the quality evaluation of individual trees and its impact on the later products made of the respective wood. For the needs of observing the quality of standing trees, the current 5-class scale for quality evaluation of the Slovenia Forest Service (SFS) was used. To evaluate the wood assortment, the SIST EN 1316-1:2013 standard was applied, while the evaluation of sawn wood was performed as per the rules of the European Organisation of the Sawmill Industry (EOS). On the basis of the sample of evaluated and eventually harvested trees, the correlations between the quality of trees, roundwood products made of them and the quality of final sawn products were established. The sample equally included trees of all five quality classes. The production of wood assortment provided the most logs of B quality (51%) and the highest quantity of sawn wood of EOS-C quality (52%). Beech trees of excellent quality provided 35% of the wood assortment of highest quality and these provided 8% of the sawn wood of the highest quality. The key criteria for the classification by quality were covered knots for forest products and dead and unsound knots for sawn wood.

Vedno strožje okoljevarstvene in zakonodajne zahteve vplivajo na proizvajalce motorjev z notranjim zgorevanjem. Zaostrovanje zahtev o čistosti izpušnih plinov močno vpliva na razvoj motorjev, sistemov za prečiščevanje izpušnih plinov in posledično tudi na razvoj motornih olj. Le ta morajo ob tem vedno zadostiti zahtevam po optimalnem delovanju in kvalitetni zaščiti motornih delov, obenem pa ne smejo negativno vplivati na čistilne sisteme. Poleg omenjenih zahtev pa motorna olja neposredno vplivajo tudi na samo porabo goriva in posledično tudi na količino nevarnih izpustov. Vsi zgoraj omenjeni dejavniki zahtevajo neprestan razvoj in napredek na področju motornih olj. V diplomski nalogi sem opravil pregled različnih standardov za motorna olja avtomobilskih agregatov in kako so se le-ta spreminjala z zahtevami avtomobilskih proizvajalcev in razvojem naprednih tehnologij. Primerjal sem avtomobilske agregate različnih letnikov in prišel do zaključka, da so agregati vedno bolj obremenjeni, olja pa vedno manj viskozna. V zaključku pa sem pregledal še možnosti za varno odstranjevanje in ponovno uporabo motornih olj. Increasingly stringent environmental and regulatory requirements affect manufacturers of internal combustion engines. Stricter exhaust gas purity requirements have a significant impact on the development of engines, exhaust gas purification systems and consequently on the development of engine oils. Oils always have to meet the requirements for optimal operation and quality protection of engine parts, while not adversely affecting cleaning systems. In addition to the requirements above, motor oils also have a direct effect on fuel consumption and, consequently, on the number of emissions. All the above factors require contestant development and progress in the field of motor oils. In my dissertation, I reviewed different standards for motor oil engine oils and how they changed with the requirements of car manufacturers and the development of advanced technologies. I compared car engines of different year and concluded that engines are getting more and more loaded and oils are getting less and less viscous. In the final part, I reviewed the options for safe disposal and reuse of engine oils.