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Članek obravnava reciklacijo odtisov izdelanih na digitalnem duplikatorju z metodo kemijskega razsivljenja z izpiranjem. Za doseganje optimalne učikovitosti razsivitve z izpiranjem je potrebno povečati delež površinsko aktivne substance tekom procesa dezintegracije vzorca, zmanjšati temperaturo dezintegracije in podaljšati čas dezintegracije in homogenizacije. Z optimizacijo procesnih pogojev se zmanjša možnost ponovne vezave izločenih lepljivih nečistoč na vlakna. Za oceno učinkovitosti navedenih metod smo izvedli meritve optičnih lastnosti – refleksije laboratorijskih listov izdelanih iz suspenzije pri določenih procesnih pogojih in z uporabo metode slikovne analize. S kontrolo procesnih pogojev se poveča učinkovitost izpiranja, kar vodi do boljših optičnih lastnosti recikliranega papirja.

Porosity is one of the key characteristics of natural stone, which influencesondurabilityaswellasfunctionality of stone as building material. Further, deterioration processes themselves are also characterized by change of porosity. Different direct and indirect techniques can be used for porositydetermination. In the following paper overview of these methods, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, is given. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is indirect (microscopic) technique. Despite its numerous advantages, among which 3D visualization of pore structure is of major importance, this technique is less known in the area of building materials. Anexample how CLSM can be applied for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of porosity of calcitic polygonal granoblastic marble is given in this paper. Studied marble has been, despite of its poor durability, often used as building material, especially in the case of claddings. It is shown that thermal hydric factors of deterioration can influenceporositysignificantly,especiallyformationofintergranularcracks.Thiskin dofdeteriorationcanbesuccessfully evaluated with use of CLSM method, if samples are suitable prepared and if suitable image analysis tools are developed. Poroznost je ena izmed glavnih značilnosti naravnega kamna, ki vpliva na njegovo trajnost in funkcionalnost, ko se ta uporablja kot gradbeni material. Poleg tega so tudi sami mehanizmi propadanja že vgrajenega kamna povezani s spremembo poroznosti. Za določanje poroznosti naravnega kamna se uporabljajo različne posredne in neposredne tehnike. V članku je podan pregled, prednosti in pomanjkljivosti različnih metod. Laserska konfokalna mikroskopija ali krajše CLSM (confocal laser scanning microscopy) sodi med neposredne (mikroskopske) tehnike. Njena uporaba je na področju študija gradbenih materialov kljub številnim prednostim, med katerimi je ena najpomembnejših vizualizacija 3D prostora, manj poznana. Podan je primer uporabe konfokalne mikroskopije za kvalitativno ter kvantitativno vrednotenje poroznosti v kalcitnem poligonalnem granoblastičnem marmorju, ki se kljub svojim slabim trajnostnim lastnostim, pogosto uporablja kot gradbeni proizvod, zlasti v primeru fasadnih plošč. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da izpostavitev preiskovanega kalcitnega marmorja toplotno - hidričnim dejavnikom propadanja, znatno vpliva na spremembo poroznosti, zlasti na nastanek razpok med zrni. Tovrstno propadanje lahko uspešno ovrednotimo z uporabo CLSM metode, če so vzorci primerno pripravljeni in z razvojem ustreznih orodij slikovne analize.

Kakovost kapljičnega tiska je večinoma odvisna od inetrakcij med tiskovnim materialom in črnilom. Penetracija črnila mora bit niska, da dosezemo visoko optično gostoto. Pomembna je tudi površina tiskovnega metriala ; zagotoviti mora kontrolirano absorpcijo, ne sme se prašiti, dosegati mora zadovoljivo stopnjo gladkosti ter zagotoviti vse druge lasnosti za dobro tiskarsko in tiskovno prehodnost. Namen predstavljene študije je bil preučiti radialno in verikalno porazdelitev IJ-črnila na in pod površino paprija, na različnih vrstah in določiti vpliv površine papirja na končno kakovost odtisa. Cilj študije je bil najti nedestruktivno metodo, ki omoguča hitro in natančno informacijo o penetracijii črnila v tiskovni material.

Wood industry does not pollute waters to a great extend, nevertheless we must be aware that the problem still exists. Waste effluents in wood industry contain very high portion of dangerous and toxic substance - formaldehyde. That is why it is inevitably vital to start with detailed analysis of waste effluents and with studies of possibilities of decontamination. Statistical analysis are showing that wood industry are not well aware of the fact how quickly the ecological balance can be destroyed, since the quantitiesof treated waste effluents are extremely low. During the seminar some guidelines on how to extract formaldehyde from waste effluents were issued with the stress on secundar method of treatment - biological treatment of waste effluents. Biological treatment can be both, aerobic or anaerobic. During the seminar both methods were introduced with theemphasis on the aerobic procedure, which I was researching in the experimental part of my diploma work. Lesna industrija ni velik onesnaževalec voda, a s tem se ni tolažiti. Odpadne vode lesne industrije pogosto vsebujejo zelo visoke vrednosti nevarne in strupene substance - formaldehida, zato je nujno potrebno, da se prične s podrobnimi analizami odpadnih voda in z raziskavami o možnostih čiščenja. Statistične analize so pokazale, da se lesna industrija še vse premalo zaveda kako hitro lahko porušimo ekološko ravnotežje v naravi, saj so vrednosti o količini čiščenih odpadnih voda v lesni industriji izjemno nizke. Tako smo v seminarju podali nekaj smernic in možnosti odstranjevanja formaldehida iz odpadnih voda s poudarkom na sekundarnem postopku čiščenja - biološkem čiščenju odpadnih voda. Biološko čiščenje je lahko anaerobno ali aerobno, zato smo predstavili oba postopka. Večji poudarek in podrobnejši opis je podan za aerobni postopek biološkega čiščenja, na katerem sem opravila svoje raziskave v praktičnem delu diplomske naloge.

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V diplomskem delu je predstavljena digitalna tehnologija tiska, elektrofotografija. Omenjena tehnologija je danes v grafičnih podjetjih pogosto prisotna. V teoretičnem delu je predstavljeno osnovno delovanje tehnologije, njen razvoj ter njene prednosti in slabosti. Podrobneje je razloženo delovanje elektrofotografskega stroja, na katerem je bil izveden eksperimentalni del Xerox Versant 280 Press, in proces, ki se izvaja med tiskanjem. Proces je podrobneje razložen s kratkim opisom šestih zaporednih korakov, ki omogočijo, da lahko nastane na tiskovnem materialu odtis. Podrobneje je opisana in s specifikacijami predstavljena strojna oprema, ki je bila uporabljena v eksperimentalnem delu. V eksperimentalnem delu so bile izbrane testne forme za spremljanje tiskovne kakovosti s testnimi elementi, ki lahko prikažejo slabosti oziroma pomanjkljivosti elektrofotografskega tiska. Testne forme se je najprej natisnilo, potem skeniralo, da se je lahko opravila vizualna analiza. Vizualna analiza se je opravila v programu Adobe Photoshop, v katerem se je vse predloge med seboj primerjalo. Na odtisih so bile izvedene meritve optične gostote in spektrofotometrične meritve, na podlagi katerih so bile izrisane gradacijske krivulje in barvni obsegi. Digital printing technology, electrophotography is presented in the thesis. The aforementioned technology is often present in graphic design companies today. In the theoretical part, the basic operation of the technology, its development and its advantages and disadvantages are presented. The operation of the electrophotographic machine on which the experimental part of the Xerox Versant 280 Press was carried out and the process carried out during printing are explained in more detail. The process is explained in more detail with a brief description of the six successive steps that allow an impression to be made on the printing material. The hardware used in the experimental work is described in more detail and presented with specifications. In the experimental part, test forms were selected for monitoring print quality with test elements that can show the weaknesses or shortcomings of electrophotographic printing. The test forms were first printed, then scanned so that visual analysis could be performed. The visual analysis was done in the Adobe Photoshop program, in which all proposals were compared with each other. Optical density measurements and spectrophotometric measurements were performed on the prints, on the basis of which gradation curves and color ranges were drawn.

Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati vključenost tridimenzionalnega (angl. Three Dimensional krajše 3D) tiska v lončarstvu. Osredotočili smo se na najbolj dostopni tehniki, in sicer uporabo tehnologije ekstrudiranja termoplastov za izdelavo prakalupa, ki služi kot pripomoček pri izdelavi kalupov za vlivanje gline, ter 3D-tisk gline. Končni izdelki so keramične skodelice za vsakdanjo rabo, izdelane s pomočjo omenjenih tehnik. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili 3D-tisk in tehniko ekstrudiranja materialov na splošno. Podrobneje smo opisali material, kot je polietilen tereftalat glikol (angl. Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol krajše PETG) in predstavili kategorizacijo glin glede na lastnosti. Raziskali smo razširjenost 3D-tiska gline na trgu in predstavili postopek izdelave kalupov za vlivanje gline. Naredili smo pregled umetnikov v tujini in Sloveniji, ki uporabljajo tehnike 3D-tiska za oblikovanje glinenih izdelkov. Eksperimentalni del obravnava izbiranje materialov, njihovo pripravo in postopek izdelave skodelic s posamezno tehniko. V prvem delu je predstavljena izdelava kalupa za vlivanje gline, vse od izdelave pramodela, ki smo ga natisnili s 3D-tiskalnikom, ki deluje na osnovi ekstrudiranja materialov, izdelave kalupa pa do končnega izdelka. Drugi del predstavlja postopek tiskanja s 3D-tiskalnikom za glino, vse od priprave gline pa do končane skodelice. Skodelice smo posušili, obrezali ter biskvitno in glazurno žgali, da so primerne za vsakdanjo uporabo. The aim of the thesis was to explore the involvement of three-dimensional (hereinafter referred to as 3D) printing in ceramics. The focus was on the most accessible techniques, specifically the use of thermoplastic extrusion technology to create a plaster mold, which serves as a tool for making molds for casting clay, and 3D printing of clay. The final products are ceramic cups for everyday use, made using the mentioned techniques. In the theoretical part, 3D printing and material extrusion technique were introduced in general. Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (hereinafter referred to as PETG) material was described in detail, and categorization of clay based on its properties was presented. The prevalence of 3D printing of ceramics in the market was explored, and the process of making molds for casting clay was presented. An overview of artists in foreign countries and Slovenia who use 3D printing techniques for shaping clay products was made. The experimental part deals with the selection of materials, their preparation, and the process of making cups with each technique. The first part presents the making of a mold for casting clay, from making a prototype, which we printed with a 3D printer that operates on the basis of material extrusion, making the mold, and to the final product. The second part presents the process of printing with a 3D printer for clay, from preparing the clay to the final cup. The cups were dried, trimmed, and biscuit and glaze fired to make them suitable for everyday use.

Tehnike tiska se delijo na analogne in digitalne. Pod analogne se uvršča najpogosteje uporabljen ofsetni tisk, pod digitalne pa elektrofotografija. Ti dve tehniki sta zelo razširjeni glede na uporabo. V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela sta opisani obe tehniki tiska, njuni tiskovni formi in postopek tiskanja. V eksperimentalnem delu je opisano, kako poteka izdelava testne forme v programu Adobe InDesign in kaj vsebuje. Dodane so meritve, izmerjene s spektrodenzitometrom, ki so bile razdeljene na tri dele, in sicer na meritve D barve, meritve rastrske tonske vrednosti (A) in spektrofotometrične meritve z meritvami L*a*b* vrednosti. Meritve so prikazane tudi grafično, za različne tehnike in različne papirje. Eksperimentalni del je zasnovan na tiskanju iste testne forme na premazan papir gramature 170 in 80 g ter nepremazan papir gramature 170 in 80 g. Po meritvah so prikazani še slikovni izrezi različnih napak pri tisku in klinov, ki so uporabljeni za primerjavo pri vizualni analizi. Namen primerjanja teh štirih različnih odtisov je preko meritev potrditi, katera tehnika tiska na kateri papir je najbližje standardiziranim vrednostim. Glavni cilj diplomskega dela je bil slikovno in mersko prikazati razlike med tiskovinami, ki so bile natisnjene z ofsetnim tiskom in elektrofotografijo na premazan in nepremazan papir. Rezultati so pokazali, da je vpliv premaza na papirju velik, saj so bile izmerjene vrednosti vedno višje pri premazanem papirju. Vizualna analiza je prav tako pokazala, katere so možne napake in kakšno kakovost lahko dosežemo s posamezno tehniko tiska. Ob upoštevanju navedenih ugotovitev lahko lažje izberemo tehniko tiska za določene tiskovine. Printing techniques are divided into classic and digital techniques. The most commonly used offset printing is classified under classic and electrophotography under digital techniques. These two techniques are prevalent in terms of application. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis describes both printing techniques, their printing forms and the printing process. The experimental work describes how the test form is created in Adobe InDesign and what it contains. The measurements taken with a spectrodensitometer are added, which were divided into three parts, namely: measurements of the optical density of the colour, measurements of raster tonal values and measurements of L*a*b* values. Measurements are also shown graphically for different techniques and different types of paper. The experimental part was designed to print the same test form on 170 and 80g coated paper and on 170 and 80g uncoated paper. After the measurements, image cut-outs of various printing errors are shown, and image cut-outs which are used for comparison in visual analysis. The purpose of comparing these four different prints is to confirm through measurements which printing technique is closest to the standardized values on which type of paper. The main goal of the thesis was to show the differences between printed materials printed with offset printing and electrophotography on coated and uncoated paper. The results showed that the paper coating has a great influence, as the measured values were always higher for uncoated paper. The visual analysis also showed possible errors and what quality can be achieved with each printing technique. Considering the above findings, we can more easily choose the printing technique for certain printed materials. With this, we can more easily achieve optimal values that are as close as possible to the standard ones.

Fleksotiskar je v svojem delu postavljen pred mnoge izzive, da bi zagotovil kakovost odtisa, ki jih ta tehnika tiska zajema v vsakem postopku priprave stroja na tisk in med samim procesom tiska. V diplomskem delu je bila predstavljena tehnika fleksotiska, trendi v razvoju fleksotiskarske panoge, analizirani so bili spletni priročniki, ki so na voljo flekso tiskarjem pri iskanju dejavnikov kakovosti odtisa v procesu tiska. Analiza le-teh je pokazala, da vsi priročniki prikazujejo napake, nekateri imajo napisan vzrok za nastanek ter ukrepe, s katerimi je zagotovljena konsistentna kakovost odtisa. Kljub temu pa v nobenem od priročnikov ni zajetega vsega, kar bi lahko pomagalo fleksotiskarju v celoti razumeti nastanek težave in postopke, kako to težavo odpraviti, da lahko s svojim delom nemoteno nadaljuje. V praktičnem delu so prikazani dejavniki kakovosti, ki vplivajo na odtis v fleksotisku. To je bilo narejeno na podlagi 40-urnega delavnika fleksotiskarja. Spremljani, analizirani so bili dejavniki ter razložen nastanek motečih faktorjev, ki vplivajo na kakovost odtisa. Napake so slikovno prikazane in podane možne rešitve. Flexographic printers face many challenges in their work related to the quality of the print that result from the printing technique. They have to ensure the quality of the print in each step of preparing the machine for printing and during the actual printing. The aim of the following diploma thesis is to present the technique of flexographic printing, trends in the development of the flexographic printing industry and to analyse online manuals available to flexographic printers in terms of print quality factors in the printing process. The analysis of the manuals shows that all manuals present errors, with some of them listing the causes for errors and measures to ensure consistent print quality. However, none of the manuals cover everything that would help the flexographic printer fully understand how the errors occur and the procedures for resolving the problem, so ii that they could seamlessly continue their work. Therefore, the practical part introduces the quality factors that affect the print in flexographic printing. The analysis is based on a 40-hour flexographic workweek. Factors are monitored and analysed, the reasons behind interfering factors that affect the quality of the print are explained, and solutions and possible errors are presented with images.

Igra Spomin je dobra tehnika učenja uporabe priklica spomina. Namen izdelave in cilj diplomske naloge je izdelati magnetno igro Spomin z uporabo različnih magnetnih materialov in tehnologij tiska, ki bi na koncu omogočile, da se lahko igra uporablja v različnih vremenskih razmerah, je odporna na vodo in veter ter jo je mogoče uporabljati na neravnih osnovnih površinah. Predloga magnetne igre Spomin je bila izdelana v programu Adobe Illustrator. Izdelani so bili vilinski motivi z različnimi ozadji. Kartice prikazujejo vilinske motive ali simbole, kot so: čudež, cilj, energija, prijaznost, samozavest in razumevanje. Igralna plošča je ustvarjena za odlaganje dvanajstih kartic, in sicer tudi na mestih, kjer ni ravne površine. Za izdelavo igralne plošče magnetne igre Spomin sta bila uporabljena dva načina. Pri prvem načinu smo za igralno ploščo uporabili magnetno folijo, pri drugem načinu smo na ploščo iz trdega penjenega PVC-ja nanesli magnetno barvo s pomočjo tehnike sitotiska. Za dekoracijo oziroma tisk grafične podobe na igralno ploščo smo izbrali kapljični tisk, ki uporablja UV barve. Z uporabo kapljičnega tiska in UV barv neposredno na površini magnetne folije smo izdelali tudi igralne kartice. Oba postopka tiska na različnih materialih služita svojemu namenu. Rezultati so pokazali višjo tiskovno kakovost pri uporabi kapljičnega tiska z UV barvami neposredno za tisk na magnetno folijo. Nanos magnetne barve s tehniko sitotiska povzroči hrapavo površino, saj magnetna barva vsebuje drobne kovinske delce. Omenjena hrapava površina pa v daljšem časovnem obdobju uporabe igre posledično vpliva tudi na slabšo mehansko obstojnost igralnih kartic. Memory Games offer a good technique for improving short term memory. If it is made from water-resistant materials and magnets, it is a so-called magnetic game and can be played in various places without being impacted by weather conditions. The objective of fabrication as well as the goal of the thesis was to fabricate a magnetic Memory Game using different magnetic materials and printing techniques, which would ultimately allow for the game to be used in different weather conditions, to be resistant to water and wind and which could also be played on uneven surfaces. Game was created in Adobe Illustrator and it consists of fairy motifs on different backgrounds. The cards feature fairy motifs or symbols such as wonder, purpose, energy, kindness, confidence and understanding. Up to twelve cards can be placed on the board, even in places where there is no flat surface. Two methods of fabrication were used to make the magnetic Memory Game. First methods, magnetic foil was used and second magnetic ink was printed on a hard extruded PVC board using the screen-printing technique. For printing graphic images on the cards and board, a injekt printing technique was chosen which uses UV inks. The template for the magnetic Memory Each of the two printing processes have their benefits. The results showed a higher print quality when inkjet printing with UV inks directly on magnetic foil. The application of magnetic ink using screen-printing technique resulted in a rough surface due to the tiny metal particles in the magnetic ink. Mentioned rough surface after long term of using it consequently influence on bad mechanical persistence of cards.

V diplomskem delu je opisan celoten proces izdelave namizne igre Catan z uporabo 3D-tiska. V teoretičnem delu sta predstavljeni dve najbolj komercialno razširjeni tehnologiji (FDM in SLA), materiali, ki se pri tem uporabljajo, in postopki naknadne obdelave. Opisana je namizna igra Naseljenci otoka Catan in njeni sestavni deli. Preverjeno je bilo trenutno stanje namiznih iger na področju 3D-tiska. Nazadnje je predstavljeno še 3D modeliranje v programu Blender in pravilna priprava datotek za 3D-tisk. V začetku praktičnega dela je prikazano oblikovanje unikatnih sestavnih delov 3D različice igre Catan. Za modeliranje je bil uporabljen program Blender. Končani modeli so bili ustrezno pripravljeni za tisk v programih za pretvorbo datotek v kodo G, ki jo 3D-tiskalnik lahko prebere. Opravljen je bil poskusni tisk z obema opisanima tehnologijama, ki je vodil do ugotovitve, da je bolj ustrezna tehnologija SLA. Sledil je tisk vseh sestavnih delov s to tehnologijo, za tem pa zahtevna naknadna obdelava, ki se je začela z izpiranjem modelov, sušenjem in utrjevanjem. Po tem se je odstranilo podpore, z brušenjem pripravilo modele in se jih pobarvalo. Končni izdelek obsega 6 šesterokotnih ploščic z različnimi pokrajinami, ploščico iz dveh delov, ki predstavlja morje, figuro roparja, 2 figurici naselja, 2 figurici mesta, 2 cesti, 2 križišči (ki sicer niso del izvorne igre) in žetone s številkami. Z veliko dodatnega dela bi bilo moč izdelati celotno igralno površino, ki bi bila primerna za igro, tako pa so ploščice lahko lepa dekoracija. Možne bi bile tudi določene izboljšave, predvsem pri pripravi modelov za tisk, ki se jih lahko upošteva, ko se bolje pozna zmogljivosti in omejitve tiskalnika. This diploma thesis presents the entire process of creating the Catan board game using 3D printing. In the theoretical part, 3D printing is described, along with the two most commercially common technologies (FDM and SLA), the materials that are used, and the post-processing methods. There is an overview of the Settlers of Catan board game and its components and a brief analysis of the current state of 3D-printed board games. Lastly, the principles of 3D modelling in Blender software and the preparation of files used for 3D printing are described. The experimental part began by designing a unique 3D version of the Catan board game components using Blender. Finished models were exported and prepared for 3D printing in appropriate slicing software, which converts the files into G-code (a language that is understood by a 3D printer). Test prints were made using both technologies described in the theoretical part, which led to the conclusion that SLA technology was more suitable for our purpose. After that, all the models were printed with that technology and then post-processed, which was challenging. The post-processing started with the post-curing then, the supports were removed, and the models were sanded smooth and painted. The final product is composed of 6 hexagonal tiles representing different land types, the two-part tile representing the sea, the robber token, 2 settlements, 2 cities, 2 roads, 2 crossroads (not originally included in the game) and the numbered tokens. With a substantial amount of additional work, it would be possible to produce the entire game board, which could be used for play however, the tiles in themselves are beautiful and decorative. There are some possible improvements, especially in the preparation for 3D printing, which could be implemented when taking the 3D printer’s capabilities and weak points more precisely into account.

Namen diplomskega dela je bil natisniti motiv, ki bo v enem delu vključeval elektroluminiscentni zaslon. Pri tem bi se uporabili dve tehniki tiska, UV tisk za večji del dizajna in sitotisk za del, kjer se bo uporabljal zaslon. V teoretičnem delu smo podrobno opisali tiskano elektroniko in elektroluminiscentne zaslone, njihovo zgodovino, kaj to sploh je, na katerih področjih se uporabljajo in kako delujejo. Prav tako smo v teoretičnem delu predstavili tudi uporabljene tehnologije tiska, to sta UV kapljični tisk in sitotisk. Vsako tehnologijo smo na kratko opisali, pri UV tisku smo razložili postopek UV utrjevanja, pri sitotisku pa celoten postopek tiska. Sledila je še raziskava uporabe in razširjenosti dekorativnega tiska v interierju ter ponudba le-tega na današnjem trgu. V eksperimentalnem delu smo predstavili uporabljene materiale, kemikalije in stroje, ter prikazali postopek tiskanja motiva z vključenim elektroluminiscentnim zaslonom na izbran material. Opisali smo ves potek izdelave motiva s poudarkom na delu, ki vključuje elektroluminiscentni zaslon, od same priprave na tisk, izdelave tiskovne forme za sitotisk ter celoten postopek tiska. Za uspešno izvedbo smo morali izbrati ustrezna sita in tiskarske barve, odtise na tiskovnem materialu pa dodatno ovrednotili. Analizirali smo tako tiskovno kakovost kot kakovost delovanja elektroluminiscentnega zaslona. Na koncu smo vse rezultate povzeli in omenili možne nastale probleme in njihove rešitve. Rezultat diplomskega dela je natisnjen dizajn, namenjen uporabi kot dekor v interierju, z dodatno natisnjenim elektroluminiscentnim zaslonim, ki nadgradi končni izgled in popestri uporabo dekorja. The purpose of the diploma thesis was to print a design that would include an electroluminescent screen on one part. Two printing techniques would be used, UV printing for most of the design and screen printing for the part where the electroluminescent screen will be used. In the theoretical part, we wrote about printed electronics and electroluminescent screens, their history, what it is, where is it used and how it works. In the theoretical part, we presented used printing technologies, such as UV and screen printing. Each technology was briefly described in UV printing, we explained the UV curing process and the whole printing process in screen printing. This was followed by a study of the use and widespread of decorative printing in the interior and what it offers in today's market. In the experimental part, we presented the materials, chemicals and used machines and described the process of printing a design with an electroluminescent screen on the selected material. We have described the entire process of making the design with an emphasis on the part that includes the electroluminescent screen, from printing preparations to the production of a printing form for screen printing and the entire printing process. For the successful performance, we had to choose the appropriate sieve, and the prints on the printing material were additionally evaluated. We analysed both the print quality and the performance quality of the electroluminescent screen. Finally, we summarized all the results and mentioned the possible problems and solutions. The result of the diploma thesis is a printed design intended for use as interior decor, with additionally printed electroluminescent screens that upgrade the final look and enrich the use of decor.

Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati tehnike tiska, ki omogočajo vključitev dodatnih elementov na tiskovine, in določiti primerno zaporedje uporabljenih tehnik tiska za izdelavo taktilne dekorativne reprodukcije. Cilj diplomskega dela je s pomočjo različnih tehnik tiska izdelati več različnih taktilnih dekorativnih reprodukcij ilustracij z dodatnimi elementi, določiti ustrezne pogoje tiska, ki so omogočili dobro reproduciranje, ter oceniti vpliv lastnosti posamezne tehnike tiska na izgled in kakovost končnega izdelka. V teoretičnem delu so opisane osnovne vrste tehnik tiska. Podrobneje so raziskane tehnike, ki omogočajo izdelavo dodatnih taktilnih in dekorativnih elementov. Predstavljen je pregled različnih materialov in procesov tiska, ki vplivajo na končni izdelek ter njegove dekorativne in taktilne lastnosti. Skozi pregled lastnosti, prednosti in omejitev posamezne tehnike tiska so bile izbrane tiste, ki so bile ustrezne za izdelavo taktilne dekorativne ilustracije. V eksperimentalnem delu je predstavljen postopek izdelave osnovne podobe ilustracije, opisani so postopki priprave za tisk ter proces tiska za posamezno vrsto ali kombinacijo tehnik tiska. Kot rezultat je podana vizualna ocena odtisov ter podrobnejša analiza lastnosti posamezne tiskovine. Dodana sta tudi ocena stroškov in čas za izdelavo posamezne taktilne reprodukcije. Podani so komentarji o ustreznosti posamezne tehnike tiska za izdelavo določenih elementov na ilustraciji. Za konec je s kombinacijo UV kapljičnega tiska in sitotiska natisnjena taktilna in dekorativna ilustracija neposredno na ovitek tabličnega računalnika. The aim of the thesis was to create an illustration with enriched elements that allow different tactile and decorative effects. The purpose of the thesis was to research the printing techniques that enable the inclusion of additional elements on the printed matter and to determine the appropriate sequence of used printing techniques for the making of tactile decorative reproduction. The aim of the task was to print several different tactile decorative illustrations with additional elements using different printing techniques, to determine appropriate printing conditions that allowed good reproduction and to assess the impact of individual printing techniques on the appearance and quality of the final product. The theoretical part describes the basic types of printing methods. Techniques that enable the production of additional tactile and decorative elements have been researched in more detail. An overview of different materials and printing processes that affect the final product and its decorative and tactile properties is presented. Through an overview of the properties, advantages and limitations of each printing technique, those that were appropriate for the production of tactile decorative illustration were selected. The experimental part presents the process of making the basic image of the illustration, describes the preparation procedures for printing and the printing process itself for each type or combination of two printing techniques. As a result, a visual assessment of the prints and a more detailed analysis of the properties of individual printed matter are given. An estimate of the cost and time to produce an individual tactile reproduction is added. Comments are given on the suitability of each printing technique for the production of certain enriched elements in the illustration. Finally, with a combination of UV droplet printing and screen printing, a tactile and decorative illustration was created directly on a tablet case.

3D-modeli in 3D-animacije so v zadnjih letih vse bolj priljubljeni v številnih panogah, kot so igričarstvo, strojništvo, letalska in vesoljska industrija, arhitektura, medicina, vse večji segment pa predstavlja trženje. Po trendu razvoja velikih industrij je 3D-modeliranje doseglo tudi področje izobraževanja. 3D-modeli in simulacije namreč pomagajo učencem in študentom bolje razumeti kompleksno učno snov, kot je tudi človeška anatomija. Namen diplomske naloge je izdelati realističen 3D-model človeškega srca in ustvariti animacijo srčnega utripa. V diplomski nalogi je v teoretičnem delu opisana zunanjost srca, njegovi deli in srčni utrip, poleg tega je opredeljen koncept 3D-animacije in njena uporaba v izobraževanju. Predstavljeni so koraki pri izdelavi realističnega 3D-modela človeškega srca. Najprej so predstavljene 2D-skice, nato modeliranje delov srca, spajanje teh delov, teksturiranje in njegova animacija v programu Blender. Na koncu je pridobljen realističen prikaz simulacije srčnega utripa. Ta animacija lahko služil učencem, študentom in vsem, ki jih zanima, kako v resnici izgleda človeški srčni utrip. 3D-models and 3D-animations have become increasingly popular in recent years in many industries such as gaming, meechanical engineering, aerospace, architecture, medicine, and a growing segment is represented by marketing. Following the trend of the development of large industries, 3D-modeling has reached education. 3D-models and simulations help pupils and students to better understand complex materials such as the human anatomy. The aim of this thesis is to create a realistic 3D-model of the human heart and to create an animation of the heartbeat. In this thesis, the theoretical part deals with the exterior of the heart, its parts and the heartbeat, and the concept of 3D-animation and its application in education is defined. The steps involved in creating a realistic 3D-model of the human heart are presented. First 2D sketches, then modeling the parts of the heart, joining these parts, texturing and animating it in Blender. Finally, a realistic representation of a simulated heartbeat is obtained. This animation can serve pupils, students and anyone interested in what a human heartbeat really looks like.

Namen našega diplomskega dela je bil poljuben risani karakter stilsko spremeniti v figuro z veliko glavo, jo zmodelirati, 3D natisniti v dveh tehnologijah, obdelati in primerjati. Tako smo dobili unikatno zbirateljsko figuro, ki je ni mogoče najti na tržišču, a povpraševanje zanjo je. Odločili smo se za stranski karakter iz japonske risane serije Goblin Slayer in ga skicirali v programu Illustrator v stilu najpopularnejših figur velike glave znamke Funko Pop. To so zbirateljske figure iz pop kulture. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili pomen omenjenih figuric in njihovo izdelavo. Raziskovali smo, koliko se v segmentu izdelave zbirateljskih figur že uporablja 3D-tisk in na kratko predstavili tehnologije, ki se najpogosteje uporabljajo za izdelavo omenjenih figuric. V eksperimentalnem delu smo predstavili materiale in metode, ki smo jih uporabili pri izdelavi figure ter v nadaljevanju opisali postopek modeliranja, pri katerem smo izhajali iz skice. Zmodelirani model smo natisnili z dvema različnima tehnologijama 3D-tiska, in sicer s tehnologijo modeliranja s spajanjem slojev in nato še s stereolitografijo. Na koncu smo primerjali obe izdelani figuri in presodili katera tehnologija je primernejša. V analizo primernosti smo vključili tudi ceno tiska, za vsako od omenjenih tehnologij posebej. Na koncu smo figuri še naknadno obdelali in pobarvali ter dodali plašč. Ocenili smo končni vizualni izgled obeh figur. The purpose of our diploma work was to transform cartoon character into a figurine, with a large head, to model it, print it in 3D in two technologies and to process and compare it. We got a unique collector’s figure, that cannot to be found in the market, but there is a demand for it. We opted for a side character from the Japanese cartoon series Goblin Slayer and sketched in Illustrator, in the style of the most popular biggest figurines of big heads, in the Funko Pop style. They art collectible figures from pop culture. In the theoretical part, we presented the production of the mentioned figurines. We researched how many collector figures have already been produced, which already are 3D printed and a short presentation of the technology, that is best for making them. In the experimental part, we presented the materials and the methods used in making the figure and described the modeling procedures that we made from our sketch. The modeled model was printed with two different 3D printing technologies, by merging the layers and then by stereolithography. In the end, we compared ourselves with the manufactured figures in judged, which technology is more appropriate for the task. Then we analyzed our work and we also included price of printing for each of the mentioned work technologies. We subsequently processed and painted the figurines and added a coat. We made a printed coat and evaluated the final visual appearance of this figurine.

Namen diplomske naloge z naslovom Obstojnost odtisov funkcionalnih barv je bil podrobneje spoznati področje tiskane elektronike, primerjati prevodne barve z dielektrično tiskarsko barvo in preveriti ter med seboj primerjati obstojnost njihovih odtisov na različne tiskovne materiale. Odločili smo se, da med seboj analiziramo odtise, narejene s tehniko sitotiska, treh različnih funkcionalnih tiskarskih barv, in sicer UV sušeče dielektrične tiskarske barve, UV sušeče prevodne tiskarske barve in termo sušeče prevodne tiskarske barve. Odtisi so bili izdelani na papirju iz japonskega dresnika, belem specialnem papirju in foliji za tiskano elektroniko. Prav tako smo naredili pretiske, in sicer UV sušeče dielektrične barve na predhodno odtisnjene prevodne barve. Izvedli smo osem raziskovalnih metod. Merili smo L* a* b* vrednosti, ki smo jih uporabili pri testu za ugotavljanje svetlobne obstojnosti s filtrirano svetlobo ksenonske žarnice in določanju obstojnosti odtisov na različne dejavnike. Poleg teh treh meritev smo merili tudi hrapavost, adhezijo, upornost različno širokih prevodnih linij, upornost prevodnih linij po zgibu in odpornost na drgnjenje. Analiza je pokazala, da so vzorci, odtisnjeni s termo sušečo prevodno tiskarsko barvo, najbolj svetlobno obstojni in dosegajo najvišjo stopnjo prevodnosti med vsemi testiranimi vzorci. Prevodnost po zgibu malenkost pade pri skoraj vseh vzorcih. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je na vodo najbolj odporna termo sušeča prevodna tiskarska barva, na detergent in olje pa UV sušeča prevodna tiskarska barva. Adhezivnost odtisov se med različnimi vzorci zelo razlikuje, najslabše rezultate pa smo dobili pri pretiskih. Pri merjenju hrapavosti odtisov je bilo ugotovljeno, da vrsta tiskarske barve ne vpliva preveč na hrapavost odtisov, pomembnejša je izbira tiskovnega materiala. Na drgnjenje so bili najbolje odporni vzorci, odtisnjeni z UV sušečo dielektrično tiskarsko barvo. The purpose of the thesis which is entitled Durability of prints of funcktional inks was to learn more about printed electronics and to compare conductive inks with dielectric ink along with the checking and comparing the durability of inks on different materials. We decided to analyze the prints of three different functional printing inks (UV curable dielectric ink, UV curable conductive ink and thermal drying conductive ink) all made with the screen- printing technique. For printing materials we used Japanese knotweed paper, white special paper and foil for printed electronics. We also printed the UV curable dielectric ink on both of the two pre-printed conductive ink to make the overprint. We did eight research methods. We performed eight different research methods. We measured the L* a* b* values used for Assessment of light fastness using filtered xenon arc light and to determine resistance to various factors. In addition to these three methods, we also measured roughness, adhesion, resistance of conductive lines of different widths, resistance of conductive lines after folding and rubbing resistance. Analysis showed that the prints which were printed with the thermal drying conductive ink had the highest level of light durability and conductivity among all the tested samples. Conductivity has slightly reduced on almost all samples after folding. We discovered that thermal drying conductive ink had the highest level of water resistance and the UV curable conductive ink had the highest level of oil and detergent resistance. Addhesiveness differs a lot among all the samples and the worst results were made by the overprints. We found out that the type of ink had no major affect on the roughness and that chosing the right material in more important. UV curable dielectric ink had the highest level of rubbing resistance.

Video igre postajajo iz dneva v dan pomembnejši člen v izobraževanju, saj dan danes predstavljajo enega najbolj prisotnih medijev. S tem raste tudi zanimanje za izdelavo novih iger, s tem da se vedno več poudarka daje izobraževanju, saj so igre lahko za mlade odličen način izobraževanja skozi igro oz. zabavo s pomočjo igrifikacije. V diplomskem delu je opisan proces izdelave poučne igre v navidezni resničnosti (v nadaljevanju VR) z uporabo odprtokodnih programov. Takšen način razvijanja je vedno bolj popularen, saj se ga lahko loti vsak, ne glede na nivo znanja in finančnega stanja. Prav tako za take programe na spletu obstaja veliko poučne vsebine ter primerov in javno dostopnih projektov, ki so na voljo tako za uporabo kot izobraževanje. Tematika diplomskega dela na temo izdelave izobraževalne VR igre je usmerjena v področje ekologije, in sicer bolj natančno na ločevanje odpadkov z namenom ozaveščanja širše javnosti o pomembnosti teme ter pravilnem ločevanju odpadkov doma. Teoretični del vsebuje opis ozadja poučnih iger, VR medija ter najpogostejše napake recikliranja, medtem ko eksperimentalni del vsebuje opis programske opreme, ki je bila uporabljena pri izdelavi igre ter sam proces izdelave. V zaključku so predstavljeni večji izzivi s katerimi smo se soočili med izdelavo ter rezultati ankete, ki so kazali na uspeh projekta – to je uspešno izdelavo poučne VR igre. Končno diplomsko delo omogoča vpogled v celoten delokrog od priprave do postavitve končne aplikacije. Največja dobrobit izvedenega dela je v tem, da uporabnik, ki se loti izdelave podobne aplikacije, ne potrebuje nikakršnega finančnega vložka, ker je celoten proces izdelan z uporabo odprtokodnih, prosto dostopnih in s tem brezplačnih programov. Video games are becoming more and more present in the everyday life. Consequence of that is also growth in the field of educational video games as they can be one of the best sources of fun and education through gamification. This work describes the creation of an educational virtual reality (VR) game, using open source software. This style of development (indie game development (indie short for independent)), is likewise becoming more and more popular as it is becoming widely available due to decreasing costs and skill requirements. In addition, there are many tutorials and sample projects available online, helping potential users in reaching their goal. Theme of the work is centred on ecology with focus on recycling at home with the intent of raising awareness through fun gameplay experiences. Theoretic part encompasses a short history and background of educational video games, VR and common pitfalls of recycling at home while practical part consists of the biggest issues faced during development and a short questionnaire with findings which point towards a successful execution of the project. Therefore, work as a whole, offers an insight into the production cycle of video game creation, with wealth of information laying in educating future developers on the possibilities of near costless game development.

Diplomsko delo je bilo zastavljeno z namenom prikaza možnosti uporabe 3D-tehnologij v idejni postavitvi zgradbe, pri kateri se je izvedlo upodabljanje 3D-scene ter izdelovanje fizične makete idejne postavitve zgradbe. V teoretičnem delu je bil predstavljen delokrog 3D-tehnologij, arhitekturni stil parametrizma, 3D-grafika ter 3D-tisk. V eksperimentalnem delu je opredeljena izdelava same zasnove idejne postavitve zgradbe, 3D-modeliranje, teksturiranje, izdelovanje upodobitev, pripravljanje modela za 3D-tisk ter tisk. Za izdelavo zasnove je bilo uporabljeno programsko okolje Autodesk Maya oziroma orodje, ki je omogočilo določanje specifičnih parametrov, s katerimi je bil zagotovljen zadovoljiv rezultat. Z omenjenim programom je bil izdelan končni model postavitve ter na podlagi tega prirejena tudi okolica. Modele, katerih namen je bil teksturiranje v programskem okolju Substance Painter, je bilo potrebno primerno UV mapirati in jim določiti primerne materiale, katere je bilo potrebno povezati v Mayi. S postavitvijo luči, kamer ter nastavitvijo upodobljevalnika so bile dosežene upodobitve, ki so bile primerno urejene v programu Adobe Photoshop. Model je bil primerno pripravljen za tisk in natisnjen s 3D-tiskalnikom s tehnologijo polimerizacije v kadi. Maketa se je po tisku še primerno naknadno obdelala. Končni izdelek diplomskega dela je 3D-parametrično modeliran, teksturiran in upodobljen model ter 3D-tiskana maketa, ki predstavljata zasnovano, idejno postavitev zgradbe z uporabo delokroga 3D-tehnologij. The purpose of the diploma thesis was to present the use of 3D technologies in the conceptual structuring of a building, in which 3D renders and a physical model of a building was made. In the theoretical part, the terms work scope of 3D technologies, parametricism as an architectural style, 3D graphics and 3D printing were defined. In the experimental part, the concept of the building was constructed, modelled, textured, rendered, prepared for execution and 3D printed. Through analysis, it was determined which programs were needed for the specific tasks in the thesis. The concept was created with a tool that allowed the setting of parameters in Autodesk Maya software environment. With the mentioned program, the final conceptual model of the building was created and based on that the surroundings were adapted accordingly. The models that needed texturing were UV mapped and transferred to the program Substance Painter, where they were assigned the correct materials which were then connected to the corresponding models in Maya. 3D renders were made by setting the correct lighting, cameras and render settings. The retouching process was done in Adobe Photoshop. The model was prepared and 3D printed. The model was thoroughly processed after the printing. The final product of the diploma thesis is a 3D modelled, textured, rendered object and a 3D printed model, that represents the use of 3D technologies in the conceptual structuring of a building.

Številna podjetja se vsakodnevno spopadajo s konkurenco na trgu, zato skušajo embalažo narediti privlačnejšo za kupce. Ker je v želji po dobičku potrebno uspešno krmariti med stroški in kakovostjo, je izbira ustrezne tiskarske tehnike odločilnega pomena za čim višjo dodano vrednost. Tehnika fleksotiska je na trgu konkurenčna predvsem zaradi možnosti tiska na fleksibilno embalažo. Kot eden od pogosto uporabljenih tiskovnih materialov je folija (ovojnina, ovoj za salame) iz različnih polimernih materialov. Podjetja zaradi nižjih stroškov izdelave in normativov spreminjajo izbiro materiala. Zaradi tega lahko pride do opaznih razlik v končnem videzu. V diplomskem delu nas je zanimalo, kako različen tiskovni material vpliva na končno tiskovno kakovost ter ali lahko uporabimo že izdelane tiskovne forme na različnih materialih in s tem prihranimo čas za izdelavo novih form ter se izognemo stroškom, ki bi pri tem nastali. V diplomskem delu smo izmerili barvne razlike izbrane šestbarvne grafike na originalnem in dveh testnih materialih ovojnin. Izmerili smo osnovne in optične lastnosti nepotiskanega materiala in izvedli meritve procesnih barv (CMYK) na potiskanem materialu, ki smo ga odtisnili s testnim oziroma kontrolnim klinom. Dobljene rezultate smo med seboj primerjali in jih opisali v preglednicah. Izvedli smo meritve za dve neprocesni barvi Pantone 116 C in Pantone 7599 C. Na koncu smo izvedli še hitre teste in podali ugotovitve. Pri meritvah barvnih razlik smo ugotovili, da se vzorci med seboj niso bistveno razlikovali. Pri vizualni primerjavi je prišlo do odstopanj pri vzorcu 2 Kalle NaloGrip 55 mat. Barve so bile na pogled blede, lisaste in neprivlačne, zato sklepamo, da material ni primeren za tisk na ovojnino. Poleg tega je dosegel tudi najslabše rezultate pri hitrih testih, zato ga vsekakor ne bi priporočali naročniku. Vzorec 1 Kalle NaloBar 55 sijaj je pri hitrih testih dosegel boljše rezultate od originalnega Podanfol materiala, zato menimo, da je primeren za tisk reprodukcije šestbarvne grafike. Ugotovili smo, da za tisk na testni vzorčni material lahko uporabimo že izdelano tiskovno formo, s tem pa prihranimo čas, ki bi ga potrebovali za izdelavo novih tiskovnih form, in stroške, ki bi pri implementaciji rešitev nastali. Many companies face competition in the market on a daily basis, so they try to make packaging as attractive as possible to customers. Since in the desire for profit it is necessary to navigate between cost and quality, the choice of the appropriate printing technique is crucial for the highest possible added value. The flexographic printing technique is competitive on the market mainly due to printing on flexible packaging. Foil packaging (salami wrap) made of various polymeric materials, is also used as one of the most frequently used printing materials. Companies are changing the choice of material due to lower manufacturing costs and norms. This can lead to noticeable differences in the final look. In this thesis work we were interested in how different printing material affects the final print quality and if we can use already made printing forms on different materials and save on the time of production of new forms and the costs that arise. In this thesis work, we measured the color differences of the selected six-color graphics on the original and two test packaging materials. We measured the basic and optical properties of the unprinted material and performed measurements of process colors (CMYK) on the printed material, which was preprinted with a tight or control wedge. The obtained results were compared with each other and described in the tables. We made measurements for the two non-process inks Pantone 116 C and Pantone 7599 C. In the end, we did various tests and made findings. When measuring color differences, we found that the patterns did not differ significantly from each other. In the visual comparison, there were deviations in sample 2 Kalle NaloGrip 55 mat. The colors look pale, mottled and unattractive and the material is unsuitable for printing on sausage casing. It also has the worst results in rapid tests and would not be recommended to the client. Sample 1 Kalle NaloBar 55 gloss has better results in quick tests than the original Podanfol material and would be recommended for printing reproductions of six-color graphics. We found that we can use an already made printing form for printing on test sample material. This saved us time and costs in the production of new printing forms.

Namen diplomske naloge je bil ugotoviti kakovost odtisov na različnih materialih. Tiskali smo na štiri materiale, in sicer lan, saten, bombaž in poliester. Ti materiali se vsako dnevno uporabljajo za izdelavo oblačil, vrečk, posteljnine, krp, kap, torb itd., zato je pomembno, da je kakovost odtisov ustrezna. Cilj diplomske naloge je bil ugotoviti, kateri način izdelave odtisov je za posamezen material najustreznejši. Kakovost končnih odtisov smo določili z analizo odpornosti na pranje, likanje, z odpornostjo na drgnjenje, preverili pa smo tudi samo adhezijo odtisa na materialu. V teoretičnem delu je prikazan razvoj tiska na tekstil, kakšni so bili začetki in kako tiskamo danes. Opisani so postopki neposrednega tiska, kot so sitotisk, kapljični tisk in tampotisk, ter posrednega tiska s termo prenosnimi folijami, termotransferni papirji in elektrofotografijo. V eksperimentalnem delu so predstavljeni materiali in postopki izdelave ter uporabljena strojna in programska oprema za izdelavo odtisov. Opisana je uporaba materialov za tisk, kot so flex in flock folije, termotransferni papirji oziroma preslikači, tiskarske barve in ostali materiali, ter postopki za izdelavo odtisov s tehniko sitotiska ter toplotno stiskalnico. Pri prvih odtisih so bili narejeni poizkusi s pranjem in likanjem ter opravljene meritve s spektrofotometrom pred in po pranju. Pri drugih odtisih je bilo opravljeno testiranje adhezivnosti in drgnjenje. Rezultati so predstavljeni grafično ter opisno in slikovno v preglednicah. Na koncu diplomske naloge so priložene priloge, na katerih so slikovno prikazani odtisi pred in po pranju. The purpose of this thesis was to determine print quality on various materials. We printed on a total of four different materials, namely linen, satin, cotton and polyester. These materials are used on a daily basis in the production of clothing, tote bags, bed linen, cloths, caps, handbags and similar, so it is important to ensure an adequate quality of the prints. The objective the thesis was to determine the most suitable printing method for each of the studied materials. The final quality of the prints was determined by analyzing their resistance to washing, ironing and rubbing. What is more, we also checked the adhesion of the prints to the material. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the history of textile printing, its beginnings and the present-day situation. It details direct printing methods, such as screen printing, ink-jet printing and tampon printing, and in-direct printing method utilizing transfer foils, heat transfer paper and electrophotography. The empirical part of my thesis lays out the materials, production processes, hardware and software required for the printing process. It describes the use of materials used in printing, such as flex and flock foils, heat transfer paper or transfer paper, pigments and dyes as well as other materials. Moreover, the empirical part also presents the procedures used in screen printing with a heat press. In the first several prints, washing and ironing tests were performed along with spectrophotometric measurements taken before and after washing. In the rest of the prints, adhesion and rubbing tests were carried out. The results are given by means of charts, descriptions and images, presented in tables. The thesis also includes appendices with photographs of the prints, which were taken before and after washing.

Namen izdelave nalepk in magnetov z uporabo termokromnih barv je bil dokazati uporabno in tržno vrednost termokromnih barv in ozavestiti potencialnega kupca o nevarnostih sonca do hišnih ljubljenčkov puščenih v avtomobilu. Veliko ljudi še zdaj pušča pse, mačke ali celo otroke v avtomobilih, ker se ne zavedajo smrtno nevarnih posledic sonca. Cilj diplomskega dela pa je bil izdelati in analizirati uporabnost nalepk in magnetov. V teoretičnem delu je opisana tehnika tiska, sitotiskarske in termokromne barve, ki so bile uporabljene pri izdelavi nalepk in magnetov. Predstavljene so tudi lastnosti funkcionalnega tiska in tehnološki napredki ter njihove prednosti, ki nam jih funkcionalni tisk omogoča. Navedena je sama sestava in kemijsko delovanje procesa termokromizma in levko barvil, ki so osnova za delovanje termokromnih barv. V eksperimentalnem delu so predstavljene uporabljene metode dela, od samega procesa izdelave motiva, kopirne predloge in tiskovne forme do tiska. Opisani so testi, ki so bili potrebni za primerjavo kakovosti materialov, in opremo, ki je bila potrebna, da so testi bili ustrezno izvedeni. V zadnjem delu diplomske naloge so ob meritvah in rezultatih testov podane ugotovitve in sklepi ter opis prihodnosti uporabe tovrstnih nalepk. The purpose of printing stickers and magnets using thermochormic printing inks was to prove their usefulness and commercial value and to make potential consumers aware of the dangers of the sun to pets left in cars. Many people still leave dogs, cats and even children in cars because they’re unaware of the danger that prolonged sun exposure presents. The aim of this diploma thesis was to print magnets and stickers using thermochromic colors and analyze their usability. In the theoretical part, we described the printing technique, screen printing and thermochromic printing inks used in the process of manufacturing thermochromic labels and magnets. We also presented the characteristics of functional printing and the technological advances made possible by it. We have researched the chemical composition of thermochromic pigments and how thermochromism works in printing inks using leuco dyes as pigments. In the experimental part, we presented the methods used in the making of the product. Firstly, we made the motive, copy template and printing from, followed by the printing process. Next, we described the tests needed to compare the quality of the material and equipment needed to carry out such tests. In the last part of the diploma thesis we presented the measurements and the results acquired while carrying out tests. Lastly, we presented our findings and conclusions.

Marsikaterih izdelkov, ki se nam morda zdijo čisto nekaj vsakdanjega, brez tehnologij 3D tiska najverjetneje ne bi poznali, oziroma bi do le-teh prišli po precej težji in zahtevnejši poti. Prav to pa velja tudi za področje športa, ki je s pomočjo 3D tehnologij pridobilo mnogo izboljšav, sprememb in olajšav. V diplomski nalogi smo s 3D modeliranjem in 3D tiskom izdelali prototip sestavljive deske za kajtanje, ovrednotili in predstavili dobljene rezultate ter predstavili proces izdelave desk od samega začetka do konca. V teoretičnem delu naloga vključuje kratek opis 3D tehnologij, materialov in pregled stanja uporabe 3D tiska na področju izdelave športnih desk. Predstavili smo tudi najpogostejše težave, ki se pojavljajo pri tisku s tehnologijo modeliranja s spajanjem slojev. Le-to tehnologijo pa smo uporabili tudi v praktičnem delu. Tu smo predstavili vso uporabljeno opremo in materiale, podrobno smo opisali postopek modeliranja desk, opisali način priprave modelov za tisk in na koncu izdelali in analizirali deske. The ways to improve and invent new products would probbably be much longer and more difficult without 3D printing technology. One of many fields that has benefited from 3D technologies is sport. One particular sport equipment is the central topic of this diploma thesis. In this diploma thesis we made composable kite board prototypes with 3D modeling and 3D printing, presented the whole production process, defined the print quality and quality of the product itself. In the theoretical part of the thesis there is a short description of 3D technologies and materials, a short review of 3D printing used in sport board production and also a presentation of most common deformations and problems that can occur while using a FDM (fused deposition modeling) technology. This particular technology is the one we used in our experimental part of diploma. In that part we presented all the equipment and materials used, thoroughly described the modelling process, explained how to prepare models for printing and analysed printing results.

Namen diplomskega dela je bil natisniti različne uporabniku prilagojene kitarske pripomočke in nato preveriti njihovo uporabnost. V teoretičnem delu je bil predstavljen 3D-tisk ter opisane dve izmed najpomembnejših tehnologij 3D-tiska, modeliranje s spajanjem slojev ? FDM (angl. fused deposition modelling) ter stereolitografija ? SLA (angl. stereolithography), ki sta bili tudi uporabljeni za tisk samih pripomočkov. V nalogi so poudarjeni pomen in nujnost personalizacije oziroma prilagajanje pripomočkov končnemu uporabniku. Opisali smo pripomočke, ki so bili natisnjeni, in sicer trzalice, kapodastra ter kitarsko stojalo. Na koncu teoretičnega dela so bili predstavljeni tudi nekateri že natisnjeni pripomočki za kitaro, opisane pa so tudi nastavitve tiska. V eksperimentalnem delu so bile podane kratke razlage materialov ter metod, ki so bile uporabljene. V nadaljevanju sledi opis programske ter strojne in ostale opreme. Razloženo je bilo kako je potekalo modeliranje v programu Blender. Primeri so ponazorjeni s slikami. Po korakih je bil opisan potek tiska trzalic, kapodastra ter kitarskega stojala z razloženimi nastavitvami v programski opremi tiskalnikov. Opravljeni so bili tudi testi preizkušancev z različnimi gostotami notranje zapolnitve na napravi dinamometer, da smo določili natezno trdnost materiala in tako ugotovili, katera gostota zapolnitve je primerna za tisk kapodastra. Ugotovili smo, da je najprimernejša gostota zapolnitve 100 %. Vsi rezultati, na osnovi katerih so bile povzete končne ugotovitve, so vključeni v preglednicah in diagramih ter predstavljeni v poglavju rezultati in razprava. Testirali smo tudi vse pripomočke, ki so bili natisnjeni, in podali svoje mnenje o njihovi učinkovitosti. The purpose of the diploma work was to print various customized guitar accessories and then check their usability. The theoretical part presented 3D printing and described two of the most important 3D printing technologies, fused deposition modeling - FDM (fused deposition modeling) and stereolithography - SLA (stereolithography), which were also used for printing the accessories. The importance and necessity of personalization or adaptation of devices to the end user were explained. We described the accessories that were printed, namely the picks, the capo, and the guitar stand. At the end of the theoretical part, some already printed guitar accessories were presented and the printing settings were described. In the experimental part, brief explanations of the materials and methods used were given. The following is a description of the software and hardware and other equipment. The modeling in Blender was explained and the examples were illustrated with pictures. Step-by-step, the process of printing picks, capos and guitar stands was described with explained settings in the printer software. Tests of test specimens with different infill densities were also performed on the dynamometer device to determine the tensile strength of the material and thus determine which infill density was suitable for capo printing. We found that the most suitable filling density was 100%. All the results on the basis of which the final findings were summarized are included in the tables and diagrams and presented in the chapter results and discussion. We also tested all the gadgets that were printed and gave our opinion on their effectiveness.

S komercializacijo in inovativnostjo se je uporaba 3D-tiska umestila na mnoga področja, tudi na področje embalaže. Embalaži, narejeni s tehnologijo 3D tiska, lahko na primer razširimo funkcionalnost z uporabo termokromnih filamentov, ki spremenijo svojo obarvanost ob spremembi temperature. Cilj magistrske naloge je bila izdelava dveh funkcionalnih prototipov embalaže (tj. plastenk) s 3D tiskalnikoma ob uporabi tehnologije ekstrudiranja termoplasta. Termokromni indikator je bil prototipoma plastenke dodan v dveh oblikah – kot termokromni filament, sočasno uporabljen v kombinaciji s konvencionalnim ABS filamentom pri tisku, in kot termokromna tiskarska barva, nanešena na predhodno tiskano plastenko iz konvencionalnega ABS filamenta. V eksperimentalnem delu magistrske naloge smo analizirali lastnosti in obnašanje termokromnega filamenta in termokromne tiskarske barve po izpostavitvi visokim temperaturam. Termokromna indikatorja smo testirali na izdelanih vzorcih in na koncu na samih prototipih plastenke. Ugotovitve so bile naslednje: izdelava plastenke z uporabo konvencionalnega ABS filamenta in z naknadno nanešeno termokromno tiskarsko barvo se je izkazala kot manj zahtevna v primerjavi z izdelavo plastenke s sočasno uporabo konvencionalnega ABS in termokromnega filamenta. Plastenka, izdelana z uporabo konvencionalnega ABS filamenta in z naknadno nanešeno termokromno tiskarsko barvo se je v smislu indikacije spremembe temperature izkazala kot boljša izmed obeh plastenk. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da ima termokromna tiskarska barva zelo intenziven odziv ob izpostavitvi visoki temperaturi, vendar ob daljši izpostavitvi temperaturam nad 250 °C degradira. S primerjavo časovne dinamike obarvanosti termokromnega filamenta in termokromne tiskarske barve smo ugotovili, da je način aplikacije termokromnega indikatorja vplival na hitrost spreminjanja obarvanosti ob povišani temperaturi. Kot boljši način aplikacije se je izkazal naknadni nanos termokromne tiskarske barve na predhodno tiskano plastenko. As a consequence of recent commercialisation and innovation, 3D printing technology has emerged into many fields, including the field of packaging. Functionality of packaging made by 3D printing technology may be expanded by addition of thermochromic filaments that change their colour as the temperature changes. The aim of the master’s thesis was to produce two functional prototypes of packaging (i.e. plastic bottles) with two 3D printers based on extrusion of thermoplastic material technology. A thermochromic element was added to prototypes of plastic bottle in two forms – as a thermochromic filament, concurrently used in combination with conventional ABS filament during 3D printing and as a thermochromic printing ink, subsequently applied to pre-printed plastic bottle with conventional ABS filament. In the experimental part of the master’s thesis we analysed the properties and behaviour of thermochromic filament and thermochromic printing ink after exposure to elevated temperatures. We tested the thermochromic indicators on the experimental specimens and on the pre-made prototypes of a plastic bottle. The findings were as follows: the printing of a plastic bottle with only conventional ABS filament and subsequently applying thermochromic printing ink proved to be less demanding than the printing of a plastic bottle with concurrent use of conventional ABS and thermochromic filament. The plastic bottle made with only conventional ABS filament and subsequently coated with the thermochromic printing ink proved to be the better of the two bottles in the sense of temperature indication. We also found out that thermochromic printing ink has a very intense response when exposed to elevated temperatures, however after a longer exposure to elevated temperature above 250 °C the thermochromic printing ink degrades. By comparing the temporal dynamics of colouration of the thermochromic filament and the thermochromic printing ink, we observed that the method of application of the thermochromic indicator affected the rate of colouration change at elevated temperatures. Subsequently applying thermochromic printing ink on a pre-printed plastic bottle proved out to be the better of the two tested methods of application of the thermochromic indicator.

Namen diplomskega dela je bil izdelati tiskovno formo za slepi tisk, s pomočjo katere bi lahko na papirju ustvarili reliefni odtis poljubne grafike. Na ta način bi lahko oplemenitili tiskovine in jim dodali poseben pečat. Glavni cilj je bil ustvariti oster slepi odtis na papir. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili 3D-tisk in se podrobneje osredotočili na opis stereolitografije, ki smo jo uporabili v praktičnem delu. Nadaljevali smo z opisom slepega tiska s poudarkom na tiskovni formi, zajeli pa smo tudi priporočila za izbiro papirja. Pregledali smo dosedanje raziskave na področju izdelave tiskovnih form za slepi tisk s tehnologijami 3D-tiska. V eksperimentalnem delu smo predstavili metode modeliranja tiskovne forme, ki so potekale v programu Blender. Nato smo predstavili uporabljeni 3D-tiskalnik Form 2 in fotopolimerni material grey resin skupaj s pripravo na tisk. Predstavili smo tudi naknadno obdelavo natisnjenih form, s katerih je treba očistiti neutrjeni fotopolimer, prav tako jih moramo naknadno dovolj obsevati z ultravijoličasto svetlobo. Natisnjene forme smo nato primerjali z njenim digitalnim modelom in preverili natančnost tiskanja s pomočjo kljunastega merila in slikovne analize. Slepega tiska na papir smo se lotili s tremi orodji oziroma napravami in ugotovili, da metoda s pridržalom rezalnika najbolj ustreza našim zahtevam, ki so bile zagotavljanje skladja s pomočjo naslonk in enakomeren ter konstanten tiskovni tlak. Izbrani papir je vseboval 50 % bombažnih vlaken in je skozi celotno testiranje ostal konstanten. Na koncu smo pri izdelanih reliefnih odtisih ovrednotili kakovost s pomočjo kljunastega merila in s slikovno analizo. Ugotovili smo, da morajo biti podporne strukture pri 3D-tisku dovolj močne, da ne pride do popačenja. Prav tako prazen prostor med patrico in matrico vpliva na ostrino slepega odtisa, višina reliefa matrice pa mora biti manjša od patrice, saj s tem vpliva na višino reliefa slepega odtisa. Rezultat diplomskega dela je dokaj oster slepi odtis na papirju, kar pomeni, da lahko s 3D-tiskom v primeru manjših naklad nadomestimo klasične izdelave tiskovnih form za slepi tisk. The purpose of diploma thesis is to create a 3D-printed embossing die for blind embossing. We could create a relief emboss of a desired graphic with the die. This way we can refine a printed product and give it a special appearance. The main goal is to create a sharp blind emboss on a paper. In the theoretical part we open a chapter of 3D-printing. We focused on specifying stereolithography and its working operation that we used in the experimental part. Then we focused on describing blind embossing and its dies. We also pointed out recommendations for choosing the right paper. Finally, we looked over some of the present researches in this field. In the experimental part we defined the methods used for 3D-modeling in program called Blender. We then introduced 3D-printer Form 2 and photopolymer Grey resin along with 3D-print preparation. This was followed by describing the finishing of printed dies, where we must clean the unfortified photopolymer off the die and cure it with ultraviolet light. Afterwards we compared the printed dies with their digital model and evaluated precision of printing with the help of vernier caliper and photo analysis. We carried out blind embossing by three tools or devices. Then we uncovered that the method with the holder of a paper cutting machine was the most successful with our demands, which were that the register is precise and the printing pressure is even and consistent. The paper used had 50% of cotton fibers and stayed consistent. Lastly, we evaluated the blind embosses with the help of vernier caliper and photo analysis. In the research we realized that the support structures in 3D-printing must be strong to prevent deformation. Furthermore, the empty space between male and female die effects the sharpness of the emboss. Also, the male’s die relief height must be greater than the female’s, since it effects the desired end emboss relief height. The result of the research was a sharp emboss on paper. This supports the fact that we can substitute a classic production of an embossing die with 3D-printed one for low printing runs.

Pri večini otrok učenje in igra potekata preko vida, zato je potrebno, da slabovidnim otrokom to omogočimo na drugačen način. Diplomsko delo se nanaša na izdelavo pripomočka za učenje barv slabovidnih otrok s tehniko 3D-tiska. Cilj diplomskega dela je bil izdelati uporaben pripomoček slabovidnim otrokom za lažje in bolj zabavno učenje primarnih barv ter mešanja le-teh za nastanek sekundarnih barv. Raziskovalno vprašanje je bilo, ali je ta pripomoček praktično uporaben in ali res olajša učenje, oziroma prepoznavanje barv slabovidnih otrok ter otrok z barvno slepoto. Na navedeno vprašanje smo odgovorili z eksperimentom, ki je vključeval uporabo in učinkovitost izdelka v praksi. Diplomsko delo je razdeljeno na dva dela, in sicer na teoretični del, v katerem je najprej opredeljena slabovidnost, vrste slabovidnosti, vzroki za nastanek, razvoj, obravnava slabovidnih otrok, pristopi k njihovem učenju. Nato pa sta na kratko predstavljeni področji 3D modeliranja in 3D tiska. V eksperimentalnem delu je opisan postopek 3D modeliranja, z uporabo programskega orodja Blender. Predstavljeni sta programska in strojna oprema ter materiali, potrebni za tiskanje 3D predmetov. Oblikovani in nato natisnjeni so bili naslednji predmeti: barvni krog s primarnimi ter sekundarnimi barvami, pri katerem prve vsebujejo po en geometrijski lik, ki se v različnih kombinacijah pojavi na polju sekundarnih barv. Vsako polje vsebuje še zapis barve in začetnici barve v brajici, to je v taktilni pisavi slepih. Poleg tega so bili izdelani tudi nastavki za barvice, z vključenimi enakimi liki kot na barvnem krogu. Tukaj se pojavi zapis barve v dveh različnih velikostih in z brajico. V diplomskem delu je združena teoretična podlaga o splošnih značilnostih slabovidnih otrok, 3D tehnologijah in 3D modeliranju. For most children, learning and play are done through sight, so it is necessary to enable visually impaired children to do this in a different way. The diploma thesis refers to the creation of an accessory for learning colors for visually impaired children using the 3D printing technique. The goal of the diploma thesis is to create a useful tool for visually impaired children for easier and more fun learning of first-order colors and mixing them to get second-order colors. The research question was whether this tool is practically useful and whether it really facilitates the learning and recognizing of colors for visually impaired children and children with color blindness. We responded to it with an experiment that included the use and efficiency of the product in practice. Diploma thesis is divided into two parts: the theoretical part, which defines visual impairment, its types, its development, treatment of visually impaired children, approaches to their learning. Then, 3D modeling and 3D printing are briefly presented. The experimental part describes the process of 3D modeling using the Blender software tool. The software, hardware and materials needed to print 3D models are also presented. The following models were designed and then printed color wheel with first-order and second-order colors, the former containing one geometric figure, which in different combinations appear in the field of second-order colors. Each field contains a color notation as well as the initials of the color in braille. In addition to this model, the accessories for color pencils were made, which include the same figure as on the color wheel. Here the color record appears in two different sizes and Braille. In my diploma thesis, the theoretical basis on the general characteristics of visually impaired children, 3D printing and 3D modeling are combined.

Slepi in slabovidni so prikrajšani za občutenje umetnosti in lepote, ki jo le-ta prinaša. Problematika se nanaša na predstavitev in upodobitev umetniških del v reliefni obliki s 3D-tiskom. Z izdelavo 3D tiskanih reprodukcij umetniškega dela smo želeli le-te približati slepim in slabovidnim osebam. Tiskane reprodukcije se namreč lahko uporabijo za taktilno zaznavanje medtem, ko originalna umetniška dela večinoma ne. Cilji izdelave diplomskega dela so bili, zajem umetniškega dela s primerjavo dveh različnih 3D skenerjev, obdelava reliefnih reprodukcij s 3D-modeliranjem in 3D-tisk. Na koncu smo s 3D tiskanimi reliefnimi reprodukcijami preučili, kako slepi in slabovidni dojemajo umetniška dela. Raziskovalno vprašanje je bilo, na kakšen način se izbrana 3D skenerja razlikujeta po zajemu in kakovosti, kako ustrezna je tehnologija 3D tiska in končna reprodukcija za tipno zaznavo pri slepih in slabovidnih. Način izdelave diplomskega dela je temeljil na delu in uporabi ter primerjavi dveh različnih 3D skenerjev za zajem umetniškega dela, prenosnega računalnika za obdelavo in 3D-tiskalnika za končni tisk reprodukcije. Poleg opreme so bila uporabljena programska orodja (Artec Studio 14, David 3D Scanner Pro, Blender, Voxelizer). V diplomskem delu smo raziskali razmišljanja in dojemanja ter zaznavanje umetniških del slepih in slabovidnih, analizirali in vrednotili načine zajema ter izvedbe reliefne reprodukcije ter testirali končno reproducirano delo v praksi. Diplomsko delo je zaokrožilo celotno problematiko na temo doživljanja umetnosti slepih in slabovidnih. Bila je izdelana korektna reliefna reprodukcija umetniškega dela, ki smo jo testirali v stiku s slepimi in slabovidnimi osebami. Omenjeno področje je zelo zanimivo in interdisciplinarno, zato se zavedamo, da je ostalo veliko odprtih možnosti za nadaljnje raziskave. The blind and visually impaired people are deprived of the sense for art and the beauty that it brings. The issue is related to the presentation and reproduction of artworks in a relief form with 3D printing. With the production of a 3D-printed reproduction of an artwork, we want to bring it to the blind and visually impaired people. The print reproduction, in fact, can be used for tactile sensing, as the original artwork cannot. The objectives of the diploma thesis are to capture the artwork, a comparison of two different 3D scanners, the processing of the relief reproductions of the 3D modelling and 3D printing. At the end, we have used 3D-printed relief reproductions to examine how the blind and visually impaired people perceive works of art. The research question is considering the difference between two chosen 3D-scanners by quality and correct technic, and embodiment of the reproduction of an artwork, which would classify as the correct one for the researched group. The practical part and the whole process is based upon the work and use of several tools, such as use and comparison of two different 3D-scanners, a laptop and a 3D-printer. Besides, there is also the use of software Artec Studio 14, David 3D Scanner Pro, Blender, Voxelizer. The methods used are research and accessing knowledge of how exactly the blind and visually impaired people visualise artwork and art in general, and consequently analysis and valuation of the correct path of work to achieve the desired outcome of the reproduction. Finally, there is also a test of finalised relief artwork. The diploma thesis is resolving the entire issue on the topic of art of the blind and visually impaired. It was constructed in a correct match to the relief reproduction of an artwork, by which we have come into contact with the blind and visually impaired people. The mentioned area is very interesting, and has an interdisciplinary approach, and therefore, further research can be developed.

V diplomskem delu so predstavljeni različni načini 3D zajema objektov. Opisane so različne tehnologije, ki se uporabljajo, s poudarkom na fotogrametriji in 3D skeniranju s strukturirano svetlobo. Glavni namen diplomskega dela je bil predstaviti tehnologije 3D zajema, njihove prednosti in slabosti, hkrati pa tudi preizkusiti dva načina 3D zajema (fotogrametrijski in s strukturirano svetlobo) ter primerjati in analizirati rezultate zajemov. Ugotoviti, kako se načina razlikujeta v sami kakovosti na končnem predmetu, kateri postopek je hitrejši, cenovno dostopnejši, uporabnejši pod različnimi pogoji. Želeli smo odgovoriti na vprašanje ali lahko s cenovno bolj dostopno tehnologijo zajema, to je s fotogrametrijo dobimo primerljive rezultate 3D skeniranju s strukturirano svetlobo. Najprej so bili izbrani predmeti za skeniranje različne velikosti, teksture, barve in oblike. Sledili so različni preizkusi 3D zajema in na koncu primerjava najbolje uspelih končnih 3D modelov. The diploma thesis discusses different technologies of 3D scanning. The thesis describes some technologies with emphasis on photogrammetry and 3D structured light scanning. The goal of the diploma thesis was to describe 3D scanning technologies, their advantages and limitation or disadvantages. The main goal was to test photogrammetry and 3D scanning with structured light and compare the results, to analyse the results of 3D scanning and to establish how these two technologies differ in the final 3D model, to analyse which technology is faster, more accessible, and useful under different conditions. The final goal was to determine, whether there is a way to 3D scan without special equipment with a camera and free open-source software and, for the end result, to still be comparable to the end result with 3D scanning with structured light. The first step was choosing different objects for scanning. The objects differ in size, texture, colour and shape. The following step was testing both 3D scanning technologies and comparing the best results, of each object, of 3D models.

Kljub porastu uporabe predvsem digitalnih tehnologij tiska pa ostajajo na področju sitotiska ključnega pomena aplikacije, pri katerih se uporabljajo posebne tiskarske barve. Te lahko povečajo dodano vrednost izdelku s povečano dekorativnostjo ali funkcionalnostjo. Diplomsko delo obsega analiziranje napihljive sito tiskarske barve, natisnjene na tkanini iz 100-odstotnih bombažnih vlaken. Za izvedbo tiska smo uporabljali dva sita, in sicer enega z nižjo gostoto tkanja (43–80, 0°, 15 N) ter drugega z višjo gostoto tkanja (61–64, 0°, 15 N). Adhezija tiskarske barve na tkanini je zelo dobra in po analiziranju smo ugotovili, da sodi v ISO Class: 1/ASTM Class 4B razvrstitev. Odpornost na drgnjenje smo testirali pri suhem in mokrem vzorcu. Po drgnjenju smo vzorce analizirali s programom ImageJ, s katerim smo merili srednjo sivinsko vrednost čiste tkanine, potiskane tkanine in pa proti odtisa. Iz razlik srednjih sivinskih vrednosti smo ugotovili, da so mokri vzorci manj odporni na drgnjenje kot suhi. Pri formaciji rastrske pike smo s programom ImageJ analizirali obseg natisnjene rastrske pike. Pri natisnjeni rastrski piki je prišlo do prirasta rastrske tonske vrednosti, vendar so bile razlike minimalne in s prostim očesom neopazne. Odpornost na pranje smo preverili pri več različnih temperaturah. Pranje je potekalo pri 40, 60 in 95 °C. Za ovrednotenje vpliva procesa pranja pri različnih temperaturah na odtis smo opravili spektrofotometrične meritve. Pri pranih vzorcih na 40 in 60 °C je bila vrednost barvne razlike zelo majhna, medtem ko je bila vrednost barvne razlike zmerna pri vzorcih, pranih na 95 °C. Preizkušanje barvne obstojnosti pri vročem likanju, smo preverjali s testom na mokro likanje. Vizualne ocene po sivi skali, niso pokazale nobenih proti-odtisov na belo tkanino. Prav tako, ni prišlo do spremembe barve vzorca po likanju. Spoznali smo, da napihljiva barva MINERFOAM SR, proizvajalca MINERVA S.p.A, Italija, v kombinaciji s črnim pigmentom NERO, proizvajalca MINERVA S.p.A, Italija, omogoča izdelavo visokokakovostnih odtisov na tkanini iz 100-odstotnih bombažnih vlaken. Despite the increasing use of digital printing technologies, screen printing remains crucial in applications that use special printing inks. It adds value to a product with increased decoration or functionality. The diploma thesis involves the analysis of puff ink printed on 100 % cotton fabric. For printing we used two different sizes of screen, one with a lower weave density (4380, 0°, 15 N) and the other with a higher weave density (6164, 0°, 15 N). The adhesion of the printing ink to the fabric is very good and after analysis, we found that it belongs to the ISO Class: 1/ASTM Class 4B classification. Rubbing resistance was tested for dry and wet rubbing. The samples were analysed with ImageJ, which measured the mean grayscale value of the clean non-printed fabric, the printed fabric, and against the imprint. From the differences in the mean grayscale values, we found that wet samples were less resistant to rubbing than dry samples. Printed raster dots were analysed with ImageJ and the results were dot gain, but the differences between printed raster dots and original raster dots were minimal and unnoticeable to the eye. Resistance to washing was tested at several different temperatures. Washing was done at 40, 60 and 95 °C. Spectrophotometric measurements were performed to evaluate the influence of the washing process at different temperatures on the imprint. For washed samples at 40 and 60 °C, the colour difference was minimal, while the colour difference was still moderate on the samples washed at 95 °C. Colour fastness in hot ironing was tested with the wet ironing test. Visual assessments on a grayscale showed no transient ink on the white fabric. Also, there was no change in the colour of the samples after ironing. Therefore we have realised that the puff ink MINERFOAM SR, manufactured by MINERVA S.p.A, Italy, mixed with the black pigment NERO, manufactured by MINERVA S.p.A, Italy, enables the production of high quality prints on 100 % cotton fabric.

Namen diplomskega dela je bilo testiranje sposobnosti polimernih premazov pri glajenju površin 3D predmetov natisnjenih, s tehnologijo ekstrudiranja termoplastičnih materialov. Pri tem smo se osredotočili na iskanje ustreznega ravnotežja med stopnjo gladkosti površine, ohranjanjem detajlov ter časom tiska. Upoštevali smo tudi karakteristike premaza, kot so enostavnost nanosa, oprijemljivost, hlapnost topil in čas sušenja. Začeli smo z modeliranjem predmetov, ki so vsebovali bistvene elemente za testiranje navedenih lastnosti v programu Blender. Kot končni test smo zmodelirali še figuro za namizno igro, kar je predstavljalo test uporabe metode na praktičnem predmetu. Predmete smo izvozili v format .stl in pripravili za tisk v programu Slic3r Prusa Edition. Nato smo določili parametre tiska in predmete natisnili pri šestih različnih debelinah nanosa termoplasta, pri vsaki debelini pet različic. Od teh pet različic je bila ena namenjena kontroli, dve smo premazali s poliakrilnim in dve s poliuretanskim premazom. Za vsak premaz smo nato en predmet še dodatno presprejali z univerzalnim temeljnim lakom kot pripravo na barvanje. Za oceno rezultatov smo uporabili dva pristopa: slikovno analizo in merjenje adhezije. Predmete, oblikovane izključno za testiranje, smo po premazovanju fotografirali s stereo-mikroskopom Leica S9i, nato pa opravili slikovno analizo. Merjenje adhezije smo opravili z merilcem BYK Byko-cut universal ter določili stopnjo adhezije z vizualno oceno. Ugotovili smo, da glajenje s poliuretanskim premazom izboljša gladkost površine predmetov na nivo več stopenj višje natančnosti tiska. Njegova učinkovitost se začne manjšati pri slojih termoplasta, ki so debelejši od 0,20 mm, vendar je površina še zmeraj zglajena vsaj na nivo tiska debeline 0,10 mm. Poliakrilni premaz se je izkazal slabše zaradi velike izgube volumna med sušenjem, vendar je še zmeraj nekoliko izboljšal gladkost površine. V obeh primerih je prekrivanje z univerzalnim temeljnim lakom še dodatno izboljšalo stopnjo glajenja, glavna prednost pa je bila povečana adhezija in odpornost na obrabo. The purpose of this work was to test the capabilities of polymer coatings in smoothing objects, printed with the use of material extrusion technology. Our focus was on finding the optimal balance between surface smoothness, retention of detail and printing time. We also took into account the characteristics of the coating material, such as ease of application, adhesion, solvent volatility and drying time. We started by designing objects, which contained key elements for testing the afore mentioned properties, in Blender. As the final test, we also chose a tabletop game figurine, as a test of practical applicability of this method. We exported the objects in .stl format, and prepared them for printing in Slic3r Prusa Edition. After finding appropriate printing settings, we printed the objects at six different layer thicknesses, five copies for each thickness. Of these five copies, one was kept as a control, two were coated with a polyacrylic and two with a polyurethane coating. For each coating, we additionally sprayed one object with a universal base as a preparation for colouring. We decided on two approaches to evaluate the results: image analysis and measuring of adhesion. Objects designed purely for testing were photographed under a Leica S9i stereo-microscope, after which we performed image analysis on the captured material. We conducted adhesion testing with a BYK Byko-cut universal measurement tool and ascertained the level of adhesion with a visual evaluation. As part of the research, we found that smoothing with the polyurethane coating improves the surface smoothness of objects to that of several levels higher print precision. Its effectiveness begins to decrease with layers thicker than 0,20 mm, however the surface is still at least as smooth as if printed at 0,10 mm layer thickness. The polyacrylic coating fared worse, mostly due to losing a large portion of its volume during drying, however it still managed to improve surface smoothness to a lesser extent. In both cases, additional coating with the universal base has further improved surface smoothing, but the main advantage turned out to be the increased adhesion and wear resistance.

V diplomskem delu je opisan proces izdelave lesene igre spomin v povezavi s tradicionalno slovensko krasilno umetnostjo po Jožetu Karlovšku. Namen celotnega procesa izdelave lesene igre skozi idejo, zasnovo, izdelavo in nato predstavitvijo, je ponuditi širši ciljni skupini igro s tipičnimi slovenskimi ornamenti. Ljudje, okolje, družba in kultura se skozi čas prilagajajo in spreminjajo, pri tem pa je dobro ohranjati tradicijo in jo prilagoditi sodobnim zahtevam. Igralne navade nekoč in danes se močno razlikujejo. Ob tem je pomembno vzbuditi vez med preteklostjo in sedanjostjo. Blagovna znamka ORN Slovenica in igra spomin predvsem ozaveščata o naših čudovitih skritih kulturnih zakladih in vzpodbujata igralce k pogovoru in morebitnem nadaljnjem raziskovanju slovenske kulturne dediščine. Ker nas je poleg same izdelave igre zanimala primerjava klasične in digitalne tehnike tiska, smo pripravo in izvedbo delili na dva dela, in sicer na tehniko s sitotiskom in klasičnimi, termično sušečimi barvami, ter na kapljični tisk z UV (ultravijolično) sušečimi barvami. V sklopu diplomskega dela in njegovih raziskav smo prišli do ugotovitve, da je tisk z UV kapljičnim tiskalnikom natančen, kakovosten, a manj kontrasten. V kolikor bi želeli doseči večjo nasičenost, bi morali površino lesenih ploščic predhodno obdelati – npr. z lakom, da bi preprečili absorpcijo. Cenovno dostopnejši se je izkazal sitotisk, saj je zaradi karakteristik tiskovnega materiala dal boljši rezultat. Končni produkt je tiskan s tehniko sitotiska, saj smo želeli ohraniti pristen stik z leseno površino, ki bi ga z nanašanjem laka izgubili. The thesis describes the process of making a wooden memory game with the traditional Slovene ornamental art, according to Jože Karlovšek. The purpose of the whole process of making a wooden game through the idea, design, production and then the presentation is to offer a product to a broader target group with typical Slovenian ornaments. Depending on time, people, the environment, society and culture are adapting and changing. Maintaining tradition and adapting it to the modern world is essential and necessary. Game habits are very different now and then, and it is crucial to create a link between the past and the present. Brand ORN Slovenica and memory game is raising awareness of beautiful hidden treasures of Slovenia and encourages the players to talk and explore Slovenian culture. We were also interested in comparing classic and digital printing techniques. The preparation and the implementation are divided into two parts, on the screenprinting technique with classic colours, and the inkjet printing technique with UV dried colours. As part of the thesis and its research, we concluded that the UV printing is more precise and of better quality. Screenprinting is more affordable, but due to the characteristics of the printing material, the final print is not as good.