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V diplomski nalogi sem opisala eno od možnih sinteznih poti do (R)-2-(2-bromoetil)-1,1-dimetil-5-metilenciklopentana iz komercialno lahko dostopne kafre. Opisala sem vse sintezne korake s poudarkom na Appelovi reakciji. Večji del te sinteze sem izvedla tudi v laboratoriju. Pripravila sem (R)-4-(2-bromoetil)-1,5,5-trimetilciklopent-1-en iz (1S)-(+)-10-kafrasulfonske kisline. Sintezo sem izvedla v štirih korakih preko (+)-izokamfolenske kisline, ki nastane z Grobovo fragmentacijo. Ključni korak sinteze je bila tvorba bromida iz alkohola pod blagimi reakcijskimi pogoji, ki jih zagotavlja Appelova reakcija. In my thesis, I described one of the possible synthesis routes of (R)-2-(2-bromoethyl)-1,1-dimethyl-5-methylenecyclopentane from commercially readily available camphor. I described all the synthesis steps, with an emphasis on the Appel reaction. I also carried out the major part of this synthesis in the laboratory. I prepared (R)-4-(2-bromoethyl)-1,5,5-trimethylcyclopent-1-ene from (1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid. I carried out the synthesis in four steps via (+)-isocampholenic acid, which is formed by Grob fragmentation. The key step of the synthesis was the formation of the bromide from the alcohol under mild reaction conditions provided by the Appel reaction.

Socialno in čustveno učenje je proces, s katerim otroci, mladostniki ter odrasli usvajajo potrebne spretnosti za razvijanje empatije, obvladovanje čustev, vzdrževanje zdravih medsebojnih odnosov in sprejemanje odgovornih odločitev. Raziskave zadnjega desetletja kažejo, da socialno in čustveno učenje pripomore k izboljšanju učenčevih socialnih in čustvenih veščin, prav tako pa ima pozitiven vpliv na njihovo vedenje, samopodobo in akademsko uspešnost. Glede na to, da se današnja mladina sooča z vedno večjimi zahtevami trga in družbe, skuša pričujoče magistrsko delo pokazati, zakaj je socialno in čustveno učenje tisti pristop k izobraževanju, s katerim učence in dijake opremimo s kompetencami, ki jim omogočajo uspešno spoprijemanje s stalno spreminjajočim se svetom in obvladovanje ovir, s katerimi se srečujejo v vsakdanjem življenju. Kljub temu, da so »ključne veščine vseživljenjskega učenja« v 21. stoletju del učnih načrtov po vsej Evropi, socialno in čustveno učenje v Sloveniji ni razširjeno, prav tako pa se mu ne pripisuje velikega pomena. Empirični del naloge osvetli zastopanost socialnih in čustvenih kompetenc v poglavitnih ciljih slovenskega osnovnošolskega in gimnazijskega izobraževanja ter v učnem načrtu za angleščino in španščino, analiza vprašalnikov pa predstavi pogled slovenskih učiteljev angleščine in španščine na socialno in čustveno učenje. Osrednji empirični del predstavljajo štirje didaktični predlogi za jezikovni ravni A2 ̶ B1, ki se osredotočajo na spodbujanje socialnega in čustvenega učenja pri pouku angleščine in španščine skozi izbrane kratke filme, ter refleksija o uspešnosti le-teh v 9. razredu osnovne šole in 3. letniku gimnazije. Social and emotional learning is the process by which children, adolescents and adults acquire the necessary skills to develop empathy, manage emotions, maintain healthy interpersonal relationships and make responsible decisions. Research over the last decade shows that social and emotional learning helps to improve students’ social and emotional skills, and has a positive impact on their behavior, self-esteem and academic performance. Given the fact that today’s youth has to cope with the increasing demands of the market as well as society, this Master’s thesis aims to show why social and emotional learning is the approach to education that equips pupils and students with competences that enable them to successfully cope with the ever-changing world and the obstacles they encounter in their daily lives. Despite the fact that in the 21st century the “key skills for lifelong learning” are part of curricula throughout Europe, in Slovenia social and emotional learning is not widely extended nor given a considerable importance. The empirical part of the thesis sheds light on the representation of social and emotional competences in the main goals of Slovene primary and secondary education and in the syllabus for English and Spanish, while the analysis of the questionnaires presents how Slovene teachers of English and Spanish see social and emotional learning. The central empirical part consists of four didactic proposals for A2 ̶ B1 students which focus on promoting social and emotional learning through selected short films, and a self-reflection on their successfulness after they were carried out in the 9th grade of primary school and the 3rd year of secondary school.

V diplomski nalogi sem raziskovala in razčlenjevala prostor gradbišča. Ukvarjala sem se z neantropološkim delom prostora, ki znotraj sebe ne opredeljuje človeka in njegovih odnosov (nekraj), hkrati pa sem razčlenjevala prav ta antropološki del prostora (kraj). Spraševala sem se, ali lahko ta dva svetova obstajata neodvisna drug od drugega. Ali lahko prostor živi brez ljudi ter vseeno ohranja svoj primarni atmosferski občutek in ali ljudje in prostor potrebujejo drug drugega, da dosežejo svoj polni potencial, ter ali lahko prostor gradbišča zajema definicije tako pojmov kraja kot nekraja in kako se posameznikova percepcija prostora spreminja z integracijo v skupnost. V praktičnem delu naloge sem formirala vizualizacijo takšnega prostora, eksperimentirala z medijem fotografije in njenim prevodom v prosotor. In my bachelor’s thesis, I researched and analyzed the space of the construction site. I dealt with the non-anthropological part of space, which does not define a person and his relationships within it (non-place), and at the same time I analyzed this very anthropological part of space (place). I wondered if these two worlds could exist independently of each other. Can a space live without people and still retain its primary atmospheric sense or each other to reach its maximum, can the space of a construction site encompass definitions of both place and non-place, and how an individual's perception of space changes through community integration. In the practical part of the assignment, I designed the visual space of such a space, experimented with media photography and its translation into space.

Nizka topnost je eden izmed najpogostejših vzrokov za prekinitev razvoja učinkovine, zato je topnost treba spremljati že v začetnih fazah razvoja zdravila. Slaba topnost pomeni slabšo absorpcijo spojine, kar se kaže v slabšem učinku zdravila. Ob topnosti v začetnih fazah razvoja učinkovine določamo še permeabilnostne lastnosti, od katerih je odvisno, kako dobro bo spojina prehajala biološke bariere, kot so celične membrane. Permeabilnostne lastnosti nam povedo, kakšna bo pot učinkovine do mesta delovanja in tako pomagajo napovedati ADME lastnosti spojin. Spojinam lahko določimo kinetično ali termodinamsko topnost. Kinetično topnost običajno določamo v zgodnjih fazah raziskovanja učinkovin, termodinamsko pa nekoliko kasneje v fazi razvoja zdravil. V zadnjih letih je prišlo do razvoja številnih metod za določanje topnosti, za referenčne metode pa štejemo različne izvedbe določitve ravnotežne topnosti. Določanje permeabilnostnih lastnosti lahko izvedemo s PAMPA in vitro metodo visoke zmogljivosti, ki uporablja nebiološko membrano in posnema lastnosti bioloških barier. Na katedri za farmacevtsko kemijo na Fakulteti za farmacijo so sintetizirali modelne spojine karboksilne kisline in strukturno različne CF3-substituirane diole, ki predstavljajo ključne fragmente zaviralcev bakterijskih topoizomeraz. V magistrski nalogi smo določili in vrednotili topnost in permeabilnost teh spojin glede na njihove strukturne lastnosti, kjer smo si pomagali s podatki iz literature. Za določanje koncentracij smo uporabili HPLC tehniko, ki je glede na število testiranih spojin dovolj zmogljiva, hkrati pa tudi zadostno občutljiva in selektivna, da z njo lahko kvantitativno določimo vse topnosti in prepoznamo morebitne težave s stabilnostjo preiskovanih spojin med meritvami. Dobljeni rezultati bodo služili kot pomoč pri optimizaciji topnosti in permeabilnosti novih zaviralcev DNA giraze in topoizomeraze IV. Low solubility is one of the most common reasons for interrupting the development of active pharmaceutical ingredients, so it is necessary to determine these properties already in the initial stages. Poor solubility means a poorly absorbed compound, which is reflected in a lower effect of the drug. Along with solubility in the initial stages of development we also determine permeability properties, which determine how well the compound will pass through biological barriers, such as cell membranes. Permeability properties tell us what the path of the active ingredient will be to the site of action and thus help us predict the ADME properties of the compound. For compounds we can determine kinetic or thermodynamic solubility. Kinetic solubility is usually determined in the early stages of active ingredient research and thermodynamic solubility is determined later in the drug development phase. In recent years, a number of methods for determining solubility have been developed, and reference methods include the most diverse implementations of determining equilibrium solubility. Determination of permeability properties can be performed with the high-throughput PAMPA in vitro method, which uses a non-biological membrane and mimics the properties of biological barriers. Model carboxylic acid compounds and structurally different CF3-substituted diols, which represent key fragments of bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors, were synthesized at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the Faculty of Pharmacy. In the master's thesis, we determined and evaluated the solubility and permeability of these compounds according to their structural properties, where we used data from the literature. To determine the concentrations, we used the HPLC technique, which, given the number of tested compounds, is powerful enough, but also sensitive and selective enough to quantitatively determine all solubilities and identify potential problems with the stability of the investigated compounds during measurements. The obtained results will serve as an aid in optimizing the solubility and permeability of new inhibitors of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

Uvod: Metil metakrilat (MMA) je brezbarvna bistra tekočina, ki plava na vodi oziroma se z njo rahlo meša. Hlapi, ki so težji od zraka, dražijo oči in dihala. Uporablja se v laboratorijski zobni protetiki za izdelavo ortodontskih aparatov, baz protez in odtisnih žlic. Izpostavljenost MMA negativno vpliva na zdravje laboratorijskega zobnega protetika. Povzroča draženje kože, alergijsko reakcijo, izpostavljenost hlapom pa povzroči draženje dihal. Onesnažen zrak z MMA je glavni dejavnik za razvoj zdravstvenih težav v delovnem okolju laboratorijskih zobnih protetikov. Za zmanjšanje zdravstvenih težav je priporočljiva uporaba zaščitne opreme, kot so zaščitne rokavice, očala in maska, ter urejen prezračevalni sistem v delovnem okolju. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je razvoj metode, s katero bi lahko spremljali izhlapevanje monomera MMA v delovnem okolju, ugotoviti kakšen vpliv imajo vdihani hlapi MMA na zdravje laboratorisjkega zobnega protetika in določiti primerno zaščitno delovnega okolja, v kolikor so koncentracije MMA v delovnem okolju previsoke. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo temelji na deskriptivni metodi dela s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature. Prav tako smo v diplomski nalogi uporabili eksperimentalno metodo. Vzpostavili smo koncept zaprte komore s stalnimi pogoji. V zaprti komori smo merili izhlapevanje MMA, razlitega na urno steklo, v časovnem intervalu dveh ur. V drugem delu eksperimenta, smo v zaprti komori merili identiteto in koncentracijo molekul MMA v zmesi zraka. V praktičnem delu diplomskega dela smo izdelali bruksistično opornico. Rezultati: Skupaj je po prvi meritvi v 120 minutah izhlapelo 3,11 g monomere MMA, kar je enako 37,19%, po drugi meritvi je izhlapelo 2,72 g monomere MMA, kar je enako 34,35%, po tretji meritvi pa je izhlapelo 2,82 g monomere MMA, kar je enako 36,82%. V drugem delu smo merili identiteto MMA v zraku. S padanjem mase monomere MMA je rastel kromatografski vrh, do doseženega dinamičnega ravnovesja, ko se začenja vsebnost monomere MMA v zraku zmanjševat zaradi odlaganja monomere MMA na stene posode, kar je skladno z manjšanjem izgube mase opažene v gravimetrični analizi. Razprava in zaključek: Študenti laboratorijske zobne protetike in njihovi profesorji so na praktičnih vajah izpostavljeni veliki koncentraciji hlapov MMA, saj hkrati v zaprtem prostoru z monomero opravlja več ljudi hkrati. Vdihani hlapi povzročajo tveganje za ravoj astmi podobni pljučnih bolezni, prav tako vplivajo na živčni sistem, povzročajo glavobole, zaspanost in omotico. Pomanjkanje zaščitnih ukrepov, kot so prezračevalni sistemi, podaljšan čas izpostavljenosti, pomembno prispevajo k pojavu respiratornih bolezni. Varno okolje za delo z MMA je sodoben laboratorij z učinkovitim prezračevalnim sistemom. Introduction: Methyl methacrylate is a colourless clear liquid that floats on water and slightly mixes with it. Vapours, which are heavier than air, irritate the eyes and respiratory system. It is used in laboratory dental prosthetics to make orthodontic appliances, denture bases, and impression trays. Exposure to MMA negatively affects the health of the dental laboratory technician. It causes skin irritation, allergic reactions, and exposure to vapours causes respiratory irritation. Polluted air with MMA is the main factor for development of health problems in the working environment of laboratory dental technicians. To reduce health issues, the use of protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a mask, as well as a well-ventilated work environment, is recommended. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to develop a method for monitoring the evaporation of MMA monomer in the workplace, determine the impact of inhaled MMA vapors on the health of the dental laboratory technician, and establish suitable protective measures in the workplace in case the concentrations of MMA in the workplace are too high. Methods: The thesis is based on a descriptive research method, which includes a review of professional and scientific literature. Additionally, an experimental method was used in the thesis. A concept of a closed chamber with constant conditions was established. In the closed chamber, the evaporation of MMA spilled on a watch glass was measured over a period of two hours. In the second part of the experiment, the identity and concentration of MMA molecules in the air mixture were measured in the closed chamber. In the practical part of the thesis, a bruxism splint was fabricated. Results: After the first measurement, a total of 3.11 g of MMA monomer evaporated in 120 minutes, which is equivalent to 37.19%. After the second measurement, 2.72 g of MMA monomer evaporated, which is equivalent to 34.35%. After the third measurement, 2.82 g of MMA monomer evaporated, which is equivalent to 36.82%. In the second part of the experiment, the identity of MMA in the air was measured. As the mass of the MMA monomer decreased, the chromatographic peak increased until the dynamic equilibrium was reached. At this point, the concentration of MMA monomer in the air began to decrease due to the deposition of MMA monomer on the walls of the container, which is consistent with the decrease in weight loss observed in the gravimetric analysis. Discussion and conclusion: Students of dental laboratory technology and their professors are exposed to high concentrations of MMA vapours during practical exercises, as several people work with the monomer in a closed space simultaneously. Inhaled vapours pose a risk for the development of asthma-like lung diseases and affect the nervous system, causing headaches, drowsiness, and dizziness. Lack of protective measures, such as ventilation systems and prolonged exposure time, significantly contribute to the onset of respiratory diseases. A safe working environment for handling MMA is a modern laboratory with an effective ventilation system.

Arhitektura uteleša vrednote obdobja, v katerem je zgrajena, ter zrcali in replicira družbene odnose, iz katerih nastane. V magistrskem delu raziskujem, katere vrednote vplivajo na zasnovo arhitekturnega objekta, na kakšen način in s katerimi mehanizmi. V prvem sklopu zaključnega dela analiziram koncept vrednot z družboslovnega vidika – kako jih kategoriziramo, zakaj se pojavljajo in čemu služijo. V drugem sklopu koncept vrednot apliciram na arhitekturo. Z analizo literature in konkretnih arhitekturnih projektov skušam ugotoviti, katere vrednote so v arhitekturi prisotne in kako jih identificirati. Ker neživo nima motivacije in želja, arhitekturni objekt ne more imeti vrednot, lahko pa jih uteleša. Čigave vrednote uteleša arhitektura? Arhitekturni objekt je produkt dejanj živega, na primer arhitekta, ki prostor oblikuje v skladu s svojimi prepričanji in motivacijo. Vsaka odločitev, ki jo sprejme, je povezana z njegovo vrednostno naravnanostjo. Zato je neizbežno, da objekti utelešajo vrednote svojega snovalca. Ker se postopek arhitekturnega ustvarjanja zelo razlikuje glede na to, v katerem merilu se odvija, analiziram vpliv, ki ga ima merilo na utelešenje vrednot v arhitekturi. V zadnjem sklopu magistrskega dela ugotovitve iz teoretičnega dela prikažem z arhitekturnimi grafikami, v katerih se osredotočam na posamezne vrednote in jih obravnavam kot parameter, ki narekuje zasnovo in obliko arhitekturnega objekta. Cilj naloge je, da v obliki analize arhitekturnih objektov in sistemov, iz katerih ti nastanejo, prepoznam in analiziram nevidne vplive, ki usmerjajo sodobno arhitekturno snovanje. Z zavedanjem in prepoznavanjem smernic, ki vplivajo na naše oblikovanje, lahko zgradimo svet, ki je uglašen z vrednotami sodobnega sveta in želene prihodnosti. Architecture embodies values of the time in which it is built, and mirrors and replicates social relations which form it. In my master’s thesis, I investigate which values influence architectural design, in what ways and through which mechanisms. In the first part of the thesis, I analyse the concept of values from a sociological perspective – how they are categorised, why they occur and what purpose they serve. In the second part, I apply the concept of values to architecture. By analysing relevant literature and specific architectural projects, I try to identify which values appear in architecture and how to recognise them. The inanimate cannot have its own values, it can only embody them. So whose values does architecture embody? An architectural object is a product of the actions of the living for example, an architect who designs a space according to their beliefs. It is therefore inevitable that every object embodies values of its designer. Since the process of architectural creation varies greatly according to the scale on which it takes place, I analyse the influence that scale has on the embodiment of values. In the final part of the thesis, I illustrate findings of the theoretical part with architectural graphics, in which I focus on individual values and consider them as a parameter that dictates the design and form of the architectural object. The aim of the thesis is to identify and analyse the invisible influences that guide contemporary architectural design in the form of an analysis of buildings and systems from which they emerge. By being aware of and recognising the forces that influence design, we can build a world that is attuned to values of the contemporary world and the desired future.

Uvod: Test dvigovanja pete v stoje na eni nogi je funkcijski test za oceno vzdržljivosti mišic plantarnih fleksorjev. Je enostaven za izvedbo ter ne zahteva veliko časa in posebne opreme. Kljub pogosti uporabi v klinični praksi, so merske lastnosti pomanjkljivo preverjene, postopki izvedbe testa pa so neenotni. Namen: Povzeti in analizirati izsledke raziskav o merskih lastnostih testa dvigovanja pete v stoje na eni nogi za oceno vzdržljivosti mišic plantarnih fleksorjev in pripraviti navodila za poenotenje njegove izvedbe. Metode dela: Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed in CINAHL. Vključili smo raziskave, objavljene do decembra 2021, v katerih so proučevali merske lastnosti testa dvigovanja pete v stoje na eni nogi pri zdravih ljudeh in ljudeh z mišično-skeletnimi okvarami. Rezultati: V pregled je bilo vključenih 13 raziskav. Zajele so 328 zdravih preiskovancev (od tega 46 starejših odraslih) in 163 preiskovancev z mišično-skeletnimi okvarami. Zanesljivost so ugotavljali v 12 raziskavah, veljavnost v eni, povezanost s spolom, starostjo in stopnjo telesne pripravljenosti v dveh ter sposobnost zaznavanja sprememb v sedmih raziskavah. Rezultati so pokazali, da je zanesljivost posameznega preiskovalca za test dvigovanja pete v stoje na eni nogi pri zdravih zmerna do odlična (ICC = 0,57?0,99) in zanesljivost med preiskovalci odlična (ICC = 0,96?0,99). Test je zmerno pozitivno (r = 0,51) povezan s hitrostjo hitre hoje pri starejših odraslih ženskah. Na izid testa vplivajo spol, starost in stopnja telesne pripravljenosti preiskovanca. Standardna napaka merjenja pri zdravih je med 0,3 in 8 dvigov. Pri ljudeh z mišično-skeletnimi okvarami je zanesljivost posameznega preiskovalca visoka do odlična (ICC = 0,79?0,92). Zaključek: Test dvigovanja pete v stoje na eni nogi je zanesljivo orodje za ocenjevanje vzdržljivosti mišic plantarnih fleksorjev zdravih ljudi in ljudi z mišično-skeletnimi okvarami, medtem ko je njegova veljavnost slabo preverjena. Potrebne so dodatne raziskave predvsem pri ljudeh z različnimi mišično-skeletnimi okvarami. Introduction: The standing unipedal heel-raise test is a functional test used to assess plantar flexor endurance. It is easy to perform, requires little time and no special equipment. Although it is widely used in clinical practise, its measurement properties are limited and test procedures are inconsistent. Purpose: To summarise and analyse research findings on the measurement properties of the standing unipedal heel-raise test for assessing plantar flexor endurance and provide instructions for standardising its performance. Methods: PubMed and CINAHL databases were used for the literature search. We reviewed studies published up to December 2021 that examined the measurement properties of the standing unipedal heel-raise test in healthy people and people with musculoskeletal disorders. Results: 13 studies were included. They examined 328 healthy people (46 older adults) and 163 people with musculoskeletal disorders. 12 studies assessed reliability, one study assessed validity, two studies assessed correlation with gender, age, and fitness level, and seven studies assessed ability to detect change. Results showed that the unipedal heel-raise test has moderate to excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.570.99), and excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.960.99) in healthy people. It has a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.51) with fast walking speed in older female adults. Gender, age, and fitness level affect the results of the test. The standard error of measurement in healthy people ranges from 0.3 to 8 raises. In people with musculoskeletal disorders, the test has good to excellent reliability (ICC = 0.790.92). Conclusion: The standing unipedal heel-raise test is a reliable tool for assessing plantar flexor endurance in healthy people and people with musculoskeletal disorders. However, studies on its validity are scarce. Further studies are needed, especially in people with musculoskeletal disorders.

Lignocelulozni materiali so obnovljivi naravni vir, ki ga uporabljajo na različnih tehnoloških področjih. Težavna razgradnja lignina predstavlja oviro pri izkoriščanju ligninoceluloznega materiala. Kraljestvo gliv je bogat in neizkoriščen vir biotehnološko zanimivih encimov, med katerimi so tudi encimi, ki omogočajo razgradnjo lignina. Glavni encimi, ki sodelujejo pri razgradnji lignina so lignolitične oksidoreduktaze (lakaze, lignin peroksidaze, ter mangan peroksidaze). Cilj magistrske naloge je bil pripraviti vodne esktrakte 62 gliv nabranih v slovenskih gozdovih, ter s pomočjo testa oksidacije ABTS odkriti, ali vodni ekstrakti gliv vsebujejo encime, ki omogočajo razgradnjo lignina. Identificirali smo željene encimske aktivnosti v nekaterih vrstah gliv, ki še niso bile opisane v literaturi. Najvišje encimske aktivnosti smo določili pri glivah rodu Cantharellus, pri katerih smo podrobneje preverili tudi vpliv pH na encimsko aktivnost. Ugotovili smo, da imajo lakaze, lignin peroksidaze in mangan peroksidaze optimum delovanja večinoma v kislem in nevtralnem območju pH. Lignocelullosic material is renewable natural resource, that is used in different technological areas. Difficult degradation of lignin presents an obstacle for utilization of lignocelullosic material. The kingdom of fungi is rich and unexploited source of biotechnologically interesting enzymes, including lignin-degrading enzymes. Main lignin-degrading enzymes are ligninolytic oxidoreductases (laccases, lignin peroxidases, and manganese peroxidases). The aim of this master thesis was to prepare water extracts of 62 fungi from Slovenian forests and using ABTS oxidation test discover potential lignin-degrading enzymes. In certain fungal species we identified desired enzymatic activities, that were not yet described in the literature. We determined the highest enzymatic activities in fungi from the genus Cantharellus, for which we investigated the effect of pH on enzymatic activity in more detail. We found out that laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase have optimum activities in the acidic and neutral pH range.

Namen magistrskega dela je bil z biometričnimi in nevrometričnimi merilnimi tehnikami ugotoviti vpliv vizualnih elementov embalaže izdelkov na uspešnost spletne prodaje. Z analizo smo želeli ugotoviti, kateri vizualni grafični elementi embalaže pri potrošniku najhitreje pritegnejo pozornost in kateri se jim zdijo pri nakupni odločitvi najpomembnejši. V teoretičnem delu so najprej na splošno predstavljeni spletna prodaja, embalaža, funkcije embalaže, njeno razvrščanje glede na namen uporabe in grafični elementi, pomembni za oblikovanje embalaže. Predstavljene so tudi nevromarketinške metode, ki so imele veliko vlogo v eksperimentalnem delu, pri raziskavi in testiranju anketirancev. Nadalje smo se v eksperimentalnem delu osredotočili na raziskavo, ki smo jo izvedli z anketnim vprašalnikom in nevromarketinškimi metodami. Uporabili smo napravo, prilagojeno sledenju vida, napravo, ki je zaznavala možgansko aktivnost nevronov, in tudi računalniško kamero, ki je prepoznavala obrazno mimiko in prikazovala smer vznemirjenja anketiranca. Meritve vseh uporabljenih naprav skupaj so bile jasno prikazane in obdelane na spletni platformi CoolTool. Z anketnim vprašalnikom in naštetimi metodami smo neposredno ugotavljali, kateri vizualni elementi embalaže so potrošnikom najprivlačnejši. Na podlagi statistične obdelave pridobljenih podatkov in ugotovitev smo določili vpliv vizualnih elementov embalaže izdelka na spletno prodajo. Natančneje, definirali smo pisavo, barvo in podobo embalaže, primerne za privlačno oblikovano embalažo, ki posledično vpliva na izboljšanje spletne prodaje. Embalaža zanimivega, razgibanega videza hitro pritegne pozornost kupcev, vendar pa mora ostati elegantno oblikovana, da bi bila kupcem všeč. Izbira barve je odvisna od prodajnega izdelka, pa tudi barv blagovne znamke. Vendar, lahko rečemo, da so svetle barve in tudi kombinacija svetlih barv s temnimi detajli dobra izbira pri oblikovanju embalaž izdelkov, namenjenih negi. Za jasne, berljive naslove je najbolje uporabiti linearno pisavo. The aim of this master thesis was to use biometric and neurometric measurement techniques to determine the impact of visual elements of product packaging on online sales performance. The analysis was aimed at finding out which visual graphic elements of packaging attract consumers' attention the fastest and which ones they consider the most important when making a purchase decision. The theoretical part of the study first provides a general overview of online sales, packaging, the functions of packaging, the classification of packaging according to its intended use and the graphic elements relevant to packaging design. It also presents the neuromarketing methods that played a major role in the experimental part, in the research and in the testing of the respondents. Furthermore, in the experimental part, we focused on the research carried out with a questionnaire and neuromarketing methods. We used a device adapted to vision tracking, another device that detects the brain activity of neurons, and a computer camera that recognises facial expressions and shows the direction of the respondent's agitation. The measurements of all the devices used together were clearly displayed and processed on the CoolTool cloud-based online platform. The questionnaire and the above methods were used to directly identify which visual elements of packaging are most appealing to consumers. Based on the statistical processing of the data and the findings, we determined the impact of the visual elements of product packaging on online sales. More specifically, we defined the font, colour and image of packaging suitable for an attractively designed packaging, which in turn has an impact on improving online sales. Packaging with an interesting, varied appearance quickly attracts the attention of customers, but it has to remain elegantly designed in order to appeal to customers. The choice of colour depends on the product being sold, as well as the brand colours. However, it can be said that light colours and also the combination of light colours with dark details are a good choice when designing packaging for personal care products. For clear, legible headlines, it is best to use a linear font.

Pandemija koronavirusov je povzročila veliko škodo v evropskem in svetovnem gospodarstvu, zato sta se tako Slovenija kot tudi Velika Britanija na krizo odzvali na različne načine. Vladi sta sprejeli odločne gospodarske ukrepe kot odziv na močno zmanjšanje svetovne proizvodnje zaradi obsežnih gospodarskih motenj, ki jih je povzročila pandemija covida-19. Fiskalni in monetarni organi so ukrepali, da bi zagotovili takojšnjo likvidnost podporo, nadomestili izgubljeni dohodek gospodinjstev, rešili delovna mesta in preprečili številne stečaje. Diplomsko delo ne obravnava vseh področij gospodarskih ukrepov, ampak se osredotoča predvsem na ukrepe za ohranjanje delovnih mest, ukrepe za tekoče delovanje javnih storitev, ukrepe za ohranjanje likvidnosti in socialnega položaja. Diplomsko delo skuša analizirati vpliv omenjenih ukrepov na javne finance (primanjkljaj in dolg) in javnofinančna gibanja v letu 2020 in 2021 ter hkrati podati rezultate glede sprememb, povzročenih zaradi nastale gospodarske krize. Zdi se, da se bodo tudi po koncu pandemije njeni fiskalni učinki nadaljevali, saj se bo večina držav zaradi svojih ekspanzivnih fiskalnih politik soočila z večjim bremenom dolga The coronavirus pandemic has caused major damage to the European and global economy, and both Slovenia and the Great Britain have responded to the crisis in different ways. The two governments take strong economic measures in response to the sharp decline in global output caused by the massive economic disruption because of Covid-19 pandemic. Fiscal and monetary authorities acted to provide immediate liquidity support, replace lost household income, save jobs and prevent widespread bankruptcies. The thesis does not deal with all areas of economic measures, but focuses mainly on measures to preserve jobs, measures to keep public services running, measures to preserve liquidity and measures to preserve the social situation. The thesis seeks to analyse the impact of these measures on the public finances (deficit and debt) and on fiscal trends in 2020 and 2021 and at the same time to provide results on the changes brought about by the economic crisis. It seems that even after the end of the epidemic, its fiscal effects will continue, as most countries will face a higher debt burden due to their expansionary fiscal policies and it will take some time for economic activity to return to pre-pandemic levels.

Na prehransko vedenje starejših vplivajo fiziološki, patofiziološki, psihološki in socialno – ekonomski dejavniki. V magistrskem delu smo določili in opredelili prehransko vedenje starejših in identificirali okoliščine in težave s katerimi se starejši pri prehranjevanju srečujejo. Izvedli smo anketiranje z 229 starejšimi, moškimi in ženskami, starimi 65 let ali več in tako pridobili podatke o prehranskem vedenju in navadah anketirancev. Usmerili smo se v anketiranje funkcionalno neodvisnih starejših, ki ne živijo v domovih za starejše občane, saj je s stališča promocije zdravja in prehranske intervencije pomembno, da se proučuje značilnosti pri funkcionalno neodvisnih starejših in se na podlagi tega oblikuje programe in aktivnosti, ki so namenjene tej skupini starejših. Na podlagi opravljene raziskave smo ugotovili, da starejši v povprečju ne uživajo primernega števila obrokov hrane. Prav tako je prehrana starejših premalo pestra glede na priporočila. Ocenjujemo, da starejši ne uživajo dovolj polnozrnatih žitnih izdelkov, zelenjave in rib. Zelo pomembna dejavnika, ki vplivata na njihovo prehranjevanje sta okus hrane in vpliv zaužite hrane na zdravje. Starejši imajo izoblikovana pozitivna stališča do vpliva prehrane na zdravje, kljub temu pa menijo, da so gibanje, socialni stiki in notranji mir pomembnejši dejavniki zdravja. Z oblikovanjem in izvajanjem različnih neformalnih oblik izobraževanja bi lahko starejše bolje seznanili o pomenu prehrane za zdravje kar bi jih motiviralo k oblikovanju zdravega načina prehranjevanja in zdravega življenjskega slog, ki pomembo vpliva na ohranjanje samostojnega življenja tudi v starosti. The nutritional behaviour of the elderly is influenced by physiological, pathophysiological, psychological and socioeconomic factors. In this master' thesis, we determined and defined the nutritional behaviour of the elderly and identified the nutritional circumstances and problems that they tackle in their day-to-day life. We conducted a survey with 229 seniors, men and women, aged 65 and over, and therefore obtained data on dietary behaviour and habits of the respondents. We focused on surveying functionally independent elderly people who do not live in retirement homes, as it is important to study the characteristics of functionally independent elderly people and, based on this, design nutritional programmes and activities. Based on the conducted research, we found that the elderly on average do not consume the appropriate number of meals per day. Also, diet of the elderly is insufficiently varied according to the recommendations. Elderly do not consume enough wholegrain products, vegetables and fish. Very important factors that influence their diet are taste and the impact that consumed food has on their health. The elderly have developed positive attitudes towards the impact of nutrition on health, but they still believe exercise, social interactions and inner peace are more important factors for overall health. By designing and implementing various informal forms of education, the elderly could be better informed about the importance of nutrition for health. This would motivate them to implement healthy eating habits and a healthy lifestyle, which affects the importance of maintaining an independent life also in the aging period.

Instagram je družbeno omrežje in spletna aplikacija za objavljanje fotografij in posnetkov, ki se poleg vzdrževanja socialnih stikov uporablja za namene oglaševanja, kjer je tudi modna industrija našla svojo tržno nišo. S pomočjo vplivnežev ali t. i. influencerjev komunicira z občinstvom, ki ga predstavljajo njihovi sledilci. Moč vizualnega sporočila je izjemna, saj podobe z idealizirane, estetske fotografije z vplivom na posameznikova čustva vzbujajo želene odzive občinstva. Ti rezultirajo kot trendi, ki jim kot potrošniki želimo slediti in se z njimi poistovetiti. Influencer marketing oziroma oglaševanje z vplivneži je v zadnjih letih hitro rastoče orodje promocije, ki ga uporablja vrsta podjetij. S pomočjo vizualne analize fotografij, objavljenih na Instagram profilu modnih vplivnic, smo ugotavljali način samopredstavljanja in izgradnje vizualne identitete ter skozi vizualno retoriko iskali pomene, ustvarjene s podobami. Hkrati smo ugotavljali, kako se je spremenila narava vsebine objav, ki smo jih kategorizirali kot portreti (selfiji), moda in blagovna znamka, hrana, dogodki, potovanja, družina in prijatelji ter ostalo, glede na obdobje izpred petih let. Zanimalo nas je, kako modne vplivnice znotraj donosne panoge influencer marketinga pod taktirko modne industrije ohranjajo svojo vizualno identiteto in reproducirajo vlogo modne vplivnice. Ugotovili smo, da modni vplivnici skozi sebi lasten način samopredstavljanja gradita svojo vizualno identiteto in tako nagovarjata različno občinstvo. Hkrati ugotavljamo, da se vsebina objav modnih vplivnic skozi čas spreminja, kar vodi k pridobivanju širšega kroga sledilcev in s tem uspešnejše trženje blagovne znamke. Instagram is a social network and online app for publishing photographs and videos, which, in addition to maintaining social contacts, are used for advertising purposes. The fashion industry has also found its market niche in it. With the help of so-called influencers, the fashion industry communicates with the audience, which influencers' followers represent. The power of a visual message is extraordinary, as images from an idealized, aesthetic photograph evoke the desired responses of the audience by affecting the individual's emotions. These result in trends we, as consumers, want to identify with and follow. Therefore, influencer marketing, or advertising with influencers, has been a rapidly growing promotion tool used by many companies in recent years. With the help of visual analysis of photographs published on the Instagram profiles of fashion influencers, we determined the way of self-presentation and construction of visual identity. Through visual rhetoric, we searched for meanings created by images. At the same time, we determined how the nature of the content of posts, which we categorized as portraits (selfies), fashion and branding, food, events, travel, family and friends and others, has changed compared to the period of five years ago. We were interested in how fashion influencers maintain their visual identity and reproduce the role of fashion influencers within the profitable industry of influencer marketing under the tutelage of the fashion industry. We found that fashion influencers build their visual identity through self-presentation and thus appeal to different audiences. At the same time, we noted that the content of posts by fashion influencers changed over time, which led to the acquisition of a wider circle of followers and, thus, more successful marketing of the brand.

V diplomskem delu z naslovom Vloge žensk v magičnem realizmu sem obravnavala pojem magičnega realizma in romana Sto let samote Gabriela Garcíe Márqueza in Hiša duhov Isabel Allende. V prvem delu sem se posvetila teoriji pojma magičnega realizma in se dotaknila njegovega izvora in problema definicije. V drugem delu sem se posvetila romanoma in In my thesis Roles of Women in Magical Realism I dealt with the term of magical realism and with the novels One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez and The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende. In the first part I focused on the theory of magical realism and touched upon its origin and problems of its definition. In the second part I focused on the novels and the authors. This was followed by a short summary of the content of the novels and an analysis of the most important female characters.

Jelenjad (Cervus elaphus L.) je v preteklosti veliko škode povzročila na njivah, kar se je posledično poznalo na izpadu kmetijskih pridelkov. Danes je jelenjad bolj škodljiva v gozdovih in na travinju in vpliv te vrste divjadi na travinje obravnavamo v pričujočem diplomskem projektu. Popasenost travinja zaradi jelenjadi za kmete predstavlja izgubo krme za govedo in/ali drobnico in posledično tudi gospodarsko škodo (izpad dohodka) za kmetovalce. Negativni vplivi jelenjadi so tudi z vidika ekosistema travinja, saj z objedanjem samoniklih rastlin te živali preprečujejo razvoj travniških rastlin. Na drugi strani poznamo tudi pozitivne učinke jelenjadi na ekosisteme, ker jelenjad raznaša semena rastlin in tako prispeva k raznovrstnosti ekosistemov in h kroženju hranil v naravi. Zadnja desetletja se jelenjad po Sloveniji intenzivno širi, kar se še posebno opazi na travinju. Škodo, ki jo povzroča jelenjad na travinju, ni enostavno oceniti, predvsem pa je za določitev njenega vpliva na travinje potrebno daljše obdobje. V diplomski nalogi je predstavljena problematika jelenjadi in njen vpliv na travinje. Predstavljene so tudi možne rešitve, s katerimi bi bilo mogoče zmanjšati škodo jelenjadi na travinju. Red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) caused a lot of damage to fields in the past, which resulted in the loss of agricultural crops. Today, red deer are as harmful in forests as on grasslands. The impact of this kind of deer on grasslands is discussed in this thesis. Red deer grazing on grasslands causes many problems for farmers such as loss of fodder for cattle and/or small ruminants. This results in economic damage (loss of income) for farmers. Grassland ecosystems are also damaged, because of eating native plants, which prevents the development of grassland sward. On the other hand, we also know the positive effects of red deer on ecosystems, for example deer disperse plant seeds and thus contribute to the diversity of ecosystems and the circulation of nutrients in nature. In recent decades, deer herds have been intensively expanding across Slovenia, which has a significant impact on the grassland production. The damage caused by deer on grasslands is very difficult to assess, and above all, a longer period is needed to determine its impact. This thesis presents the issue of deer and its impact on grasslands. Possible solutions that could be used to reduce deer damage to the grassland are also presented.

Uvod: Duševne motnje predstavljajo velik zdravstveni problem, saj povzročajo tretjino svetovne invalidnosti. Vplivajo tudi na posameznikovo razmišljanje, počutje, razpoloženje ali vedenje ter povzročajo trpljenje. Hospitalizacija proti volji se uporablja pri pacientih, ki trpijo za duševno motnjo in so sprejeti v psihiatrično bolnišnico brez njihove privolitve. To je sporen, vendar včasih nujen postopek. Pri pacientih z duševno motnjo lahko hospitalizacija brez privolitve povzroča psihično stisko. Namen: Z diplomskim delom želimo prikazati, s katerimi psihičnimi stiskami se soočajo pacienti z duševno motnjo, ki so sprejeti v psihiatrično bolnišnico brez njihove privolitve ter opredeliti aktivnosti zdravstvene nege za zmanjševanje in obvladovanje njihove psihične stiske. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku. Iskanje je potekalo preko portala DiKUL, v podatkovnih bazah Medline, ScienceDirect, Cinahl in Google Scholar. Vključitveni kriteriji so bili, da je literatura v angleškem ali slovenskem jeziku, da je literatura objavljena od leta 2007 do leta 2022, in da je omogočen celoten dostop besedila. Analizirali smo 13 člankov. Rezultati: Hospitalizacijo brez privolitve pacienti doživljajo kot stresno in jo pogosto spremljajo negativna čustva, kot so: žalost, osamljenost, občutek nemoči in obupa. Manjši del pacientov doživlja pozitivna čustva, kot sta olajšanje in varnost. Vloga izvajalcev zdravstvene nege je zelo pomembna, saj lahko z aktivnostmi zdravstvene nege obvladujejo in zmanjšujejo psihične stiske. Izkazovanje skrbi in empatije do pacienta, aktivno poslušanje in spodbujanje pacienta v procesu zdravljenja pripomore k zmanjševanju psihične stiske. Pomembno je tudi ustvarjanje terapevtskega odnosa med izvajalci zdravstvene nege in pacientom. Razprava in zaključek: Obstajajo dokazi, da se pacienti z duševno motnjo ne odločajo za zdravljenje. Eden od razlogov je stigma, ki vpliva na diskriminacijo in izključenost pacientov z duševno motnjo. Stigma in duševna motnja pa ne vplivata samo na paciente z duševno motnjo, ampak tudi na njihove pomembne bližnje. Vloga izvajalcev zdravstvene nege je pri obravnavi pacientov z duševno motnjo, ki so bili hospitalizirani brez privolitve, zelo pomembna, saj lahko uspešno in pozitivno vplivajo nanje, prav tako pa na njihove pomembne bližnje. Introduction: Mental health disorders are one of the most common health issues and represent a significant health problem. Mental health problems are the leading cause of disability worldwide. They make up as much as a third of all disability cases. They have a profound effect on an individual's thinking, well-being, mood or behaviour and cause suffering. Involuntary hospitalization is a procedure used to compel an individual, who is suffering from mental disorder, to receive treatment in a psychiatric hospital without their consent. This procedure is one of the most controversial issues in mental dis-ability law, but it is sometimes more than necessary procedure. Compulsory admission to psychiatric inpatient treatment causes psychological stress that impacts patients health. Purpose: Through the thesis we want to demonstrate the psychological hardships that patients face, when they are involuntarily hospitalized to psychiatric hospitals, and to define nursing activities to reduce and manage their psychological distress. Methods: The thesis is based on a descriptive method. Professional and scientific literature in English and Slovenian was studied to gather information. The search for scientific information was enabled through Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana (DiKUL), Medline, ScienceDirect, Cinahl and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were that literature is fully accessible and that is published in either English or Slovenian and that literature is published from 2007 to 2022. 13 articles were analysed. Results: Involuntary Hospitalization is a very stressful procedure for mentally ill patients. It is often accompanied by negative emotions such as sadness, loneliness, a sense of helplessness and despair. A minority of patients experience positive emotions such as relief and safety. The role of health care providers is very important as it can manage and reduce psychological distress through nursing interventions. Expressing empathy and compassion and showing care for the patient, actively listening, and encouraging the patient in the healing process helps to reduce psychological distress. It is also important to create a therapeutic relationship between health care providers and the patient. Discussion and conclusion: There is evidence that supports the claim that patients who need help concerning mental health issues don’t seek it. They go against treatment. One of the reasons is that they are stigmatised and thus discriminated. However, stigma and mental disorder does not just affect the patients, but also their loved ones.

V magistrskem delu je predstavljena analiza treh posod, ki so predstavljale vsebino groba 78 z Gračiča pod Brinjevo goro. Grob je bil odkrit leta 2020, v okviru arheoloških del pod vodstvom prof. dr. Matije Črešnarja. Odkritih posod niso izpraznili in situ, ampak so jih ustrezno zaščitene odpeljali na Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana (UKC Ljubljana), z namenom izdelave CT skeniranja, ki je služilo kot iztočnica za izvedbo mikroizkopavanja. Mikroizkopavanje je predstavljalo temelj za nadaljnjo analizo vsebine groba, ob pomoči CT posnetkov in tehtanja vzorcev. Pri tem smo CT posnetke uporabljali kot vodilo za načrtovanje posameznih izkopanih nivojev v posodah. Hounsfield units (Houndsfield enote), ki kažejo moč presevanja žarka skozi telo z določeno gostoto in jih zabeležimo na CT posnetku, smo ob tem skušali razporediti v vrednostne razrede glede na posamezni material. S tem bi namreč lahko še natančneje predvideli vsebino posode in temu prilagodil pristop k njenemu izkopu. Naše končne ugotovitve povzemajo izsledke o grobu 78, pri čemer pa dajemo poseben poudarek na uporabo novih metodologij CT skeniranja in mikroizkopavanja In this master thesis we are presenting the analysis of three vessels, that were part of the grave 78 from Gračič below Brinjeva gora site. The grave was detected and later excavated in 2020, as a part of the archaeological research under the supervision of prof. dr. Matija Črešnar. The discovered vessels were not fully excavated in situ, they were safety protected and transported to the Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana (UKC Ljubljana) with the intent to do a CT scanning as a preparatory measure for the micro excavation. Micro excavation was the basis for consecutive analysis of the grave, alongside the CT scans and sample weighting. CT scans were used as a starting point to plan the excavation of individual levels inside the vessels. Hounsfield units that show the power of radiation of the rays trough the body with a specific density and are detected with the CT scan, were analysed in order to be put in groups given the specific material. This would allow us to improve the precision of the non-invasive detection of the insides of the vessels and accordingly appropriate the approach to its excavation. Our final conclusions summarize the new information about the grave 78, while putting special emphasis on usage of new technologies of CT scanning and micro excavation.

Nekatera dramska dela najnovejše slovenske in ruske dramatike so izrazito feministično angažirana, zato se poraja vprašanje, ali bi lahko govorili o feministični novi (novi) drami kot o literarni smeri. Da bi na to vprašanje lahko odgovorili, je treba natančno opredeliti literarnozgodovinske periodizacijske pojme, časovno zamejiti obdobje nove oz. nove nove drame v slovenskem in ruskem prostoru ter opisati značilnosti najnovejše dramatike, poiskati povezave med feminizmom in literaturo ter raziskati prodor in delo sodobnih slovenskih in ruskih dramatičark, ki so v dramatiko 21. stoletja vnesle tematsko-formalne novosti, nenazadnje pa izbrati, analizirati in primerjati nekaj sodobnih dram slovenskih ter ruskih dramatičark. Analiza in primerjava dram to jabolko, zlato Simone Semenič, Mama Asje Vološine, 28 dni Olge Šiljajeve ter #punceinpolpunce Jere Ivanc pokaže, da je v dramskih delih mogoče prepoznati zelo soroden umetniški izraz, in sicer podobna motivno-tematska določila (pluralnost motivov in tem, ki osvetljuje položaj ženske v družbi v zgodovini in danes, ter kritika falogocentrizma) in podobne formalno-slogovne odlike (prehod ženskih likov od objekta k subjektu performativna, ne več dramska pisava ter spet dramska pisava razgrajena ali delno razgrajena dramska forma). V izbranih delih sodobnih slovenskih in ruskih dramatičark je torej mogoče zaznati zelo primerljivo feministično angažirano (ne več dramsko oz. spet dramsko) novo dramatiko, ki pa jo bo mogoče natančneje klasificirati šele z zadostno časovno distanco. Some of the plays of contemporary Slovene and Russian playwrights are markedly feminist, so the question arises whether it can be talked about feminist new (new) drama as a literary trend. In order to be able to answer this question, it is necessary to precisely define periodization terms in literary history, limit the period of the new and new new drama in the Slovene and Russian literary space and describe the characteristics of the latest drama, find connections between feminism and literature, investigate the breakthrough and work of contemporary Slovene and Russian female playwrights who introduced thematic and formal innovations into the drama of the 21st century, and select, analyse and compare some contemporary plays written by Slovene and Russian female playwrights. Analysis and comparison of the plays this apple, made of gold by Simona Semenič, Mother by Asya Voloshina, 28 days by Olga Shilyayeva and #girlsandmoregirls or #girlsandhalfgirls (depending on the interpretation of the title) by Jera Ivanc show that it is possible to recognize a very similar artistic expression in all the plays, namely similar motive-thematic determinations (plurality of motives and themes, which shed a light on the position of women in society in history and today, and a critique of phallogocentrism), and similar formal-stylistic features (transition of female characters from object to subject performative, no longer dramatic text and again dramatic text deconstructed or partially deconstructed dramatic form). In the selected works of contemporary Slovenе and Russian female playwrights, it is therefore possible to perceive a very comparable feminist engaged (no longer dramatic or once again dramatic) new drama, which, however, will be able to be more precisely classified only with a sufficient distance in time.

V diplomskem delu so predstavljeni svet animiranih filmov in z njim povezane teme. V teoretičnem delu so na kratko opisane tri glavne tehnike animacij, in sicer risana, stop-motion in računalniška animacija. Celotno delo je osredotočeno predvsem na 2D-animacije in njihovo izdelavo. Podrobneje je razložena zgodovina animacije od začetkov pred več tisoč leti pa do danes, ko je tehnologija že mnogo bolj razvita in izboljšana. Predstavljeni so napredek animacij in izboljšave skozi leta. Najpomembnejši del animacije so zagotovo liki, ki nastopajo v njej. Analiziran je postopek načrtovanja osebnosti in oblikovnosti likov v animacijah. Pojasnjena sta tudi tema in njen pomen v animiranih filmih. Opisan je proces produkcije animiranih filmov s poudarkom predvsem na predprodukciji. Na kratko so torej razloženi še scenarij, zgodboris in animatika. Ker je izbira programske opreme pomemben del izdelave animacije, so v eksperimentalnem delu predstavljene in opisane izbrane programske opreme za izdelavo 2D animiranega filma. V eksperimentalnem delu so opisani materiali in metode, ki so bili uporabljeni v procesu izdelave in oblikovanja animacije. Razložena je izbira programske opreme ter opisana uporabljena strojna oprema. Razložen je postopek načrtovanja animacije od scenarija do zgodborisa in končnega izdelka. Rezultat dela je uspešno izoblikovan kratek animirani film na temo pomena prijaznosti, ki je v razpravi analiziran. Rezultati pa vključujejo še možnosti izboljšav animacije in gibanja likov. The diploma thesis presents the world of animated films and its related topics. In the theoretical part the three main animation techniques, namely cartoon or traditional hand drawn animation, stop motion and computer animation, are described. The whole work is focused mainly on 2D animations and their production. It also includes a detailed history of animation, from its very beginnings, thousands of years ago, until today when the technology is highly developed. The progress of animation and improvements over the years are also presented. The most important part of animation itself are certainly the characters that appear in it. The process of personality development and character design in animation is analyzed. The concept of theme is explained, as well as its significance in animated movies. The steps involved in creating animated movies are also described, with an emphasis on pre-production. The screenplay, storyboard and animatic are then briefly explained. Since the choice of software is an important part of animation production, the available software that can be used for production of 2D animation is also presented and described. The experimental part describes the materials and methods used in the process of making and designing the animation. The choice of software is explained and there is also a description of the hardware that was used. The process of planning the animation from screenplay to storyboard and to the final product is explained. The outcome of the diploma thesis is successfully created animation with the topic about the importance of kindness, which is also analyzed in the discussion. The results include the possibility of improving the animation itself, as well as the movement of the characters.

Metakaspaze so cisteinske proteaze, ki se na osnovi strukturne homologije s kaspazami uvrščajo v družino C14 klana CD. Najdemo jih pri raznovrstnih organizmih, med drugim pri bakterijah, arhejah, algah, enoceličnih evkariontih in rastlinah, ne pa tudi pri živalih. Poleg kaspazam homolognih domen p20 in p10 lahko vsebujejo tudi nekatere dodatne regije, glede na katere se delijo na tri tipe: tip I, tip II in tip III. Metakaspaze se od kaspaz razlikujejo v specifičnosti, saj za razliko od slednjih cepijo substrate z bazičnimi aminokislinskimi ostanki na mestu P1. Poleg tega metakaspaze za razliko od kaspaz za aktivacijo večinoma potrebujejo Ca2+, nekatere pa so podvržene tudi specifičnim cepitvam. Te so še posebej značilne za metakaspaze tipa II, kjer je avtoprocesiranje za ohranjenim bazičnim aminokislinskim ostankom v povezovalni regiji ključno za aktivacijo. Namen magistrske naloge je bil raziskati povezavo med značilnimi strukturnimi elementi metakaspaz in njihovo vlogo pri aktivnosti oziroma aktivaciji. Bioinformacijsko smo analizirali ohranjenost posameznih aminokislinskih ostankov znotraj različnih tipov metakaspaz. Na osnovi teh analiz smo izbrali aminokislinske ostanke, ki bi lahko bili pomembni za specifične lastnosti metakaspaz CrMCA-I in CrMCA-II iz alge Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Pripravili smo nukleotidna zaporedja z uvedenimi točkovnimi mutacijami, pri čemer smo v zapisu za CrMCA-I mutirali ostanke, povezane s specifičnostjo in aktivacijo, pri CrMCA-II pa z avtoprocesiranjem. Izolirali smo skrajšan rekombinantni protein CrMCA-I ter njegove mutante. Primerjali smo aktivnost izoliranih proteinov na proteinske in peptidne substrate ter določili kinetične parametre za cepitev izbranih sintetičnih substratov. Ugotovili smo, da so vsi mutanti sposobni cepitve večjih proteinskih substratov, medtem ko so v primerjavi z izhodiščnim encimom slabše aktivni na sintetične metakaspazne substrate. Prav tako noben od mutantov ni sposoben cepiti kaspaznih substratov. Poleg tega smo uspešno izolirali tudi protein CrMCA-II, ne pa tudi njegovih mutantov. Analizirali smo stopnjo avtoprocesiranja CrMCA-II pri različnih temperaturah in koncentracijah Ca2+. Dokazali smo, da se v prisotnosti Ca2+ divji tip CrMCA-II takoj razcepi na dva fragmenta, kar je opazno že pri 4 °C. Pri temperaturi nad 18 °C in 10-minutni inkubaciji pride do dodatnih cepitev, sčasoma pa se encim popolnoma razgradi. Metacaspases are cysteine proteases, which are structural homologues of caspases and therefore belong to the C14 family of the CD clan. They can be found in various organisms, including bacteria, archaea, algae, and unicellular eukaryotes, but not in metazoa. In addition to caspase-specific domains p20 and p10, they can contain other regions, based on which they are classified as type I, type II and type III. Unlike caspases, they preferentially cleave substrates with basic amino acid residues in the P1 position. Additionally, most metacaspases require calcium for activation, while some also undergo specific autoprocessing. This is particularly true of type II metacaspases, which have been shown to require cleavage after a conserved basic amino acid residue in the linker region for activation. The aim of this thesis was to study the structure-function relationship of metacaspase-specific structural elements and to discover their role in activity and activation. We performed an in silico analysis of various amino acid sequences of type I and type II algal metacaspases and identified conserved amino acid residues. Based on the analysis, we identified specific residues in the model metacaspases CrMCA-I and CrMCA-II from the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which could play an important role in their function. Furthermore, we constructed mutants by introducing point mutations. For CrMCA-I we mutated amino acids, involved in specificity and activation, while for CrMCA-II we selected residues, that could represent potential cleavage sites during activation. We isolated recombinant CrMCA-I_CL and its mutants. Next, we compared the activity of the isolated enzymes towards protein and peptide substrates and determined the kinetic parameters for the cleavage of selected synthetic substrates. We discovered that while all the mutants can cleave large protein substrates, their activity towards peptide substrates is lower in comparison to the initial protein. Additionally, we isolated and purified CrMCA-II, but were unsuccessful with the isolation of its mutants. We analysed the rate of autoprocessing of CrMCA-II at different temperatures and calcium concentrations. Our results demonstrate that in the presence of Ca2+ and 4 °C, CrMCA-II undergoes immediate autoprocessing which yields two fragments. With longer incubation times and higher temperatures, there is an increase in cleavage rate, which finally leads to a complete degradation of the protein.

V magistrski nalogi predstavim in primerjam dve pogajalski strategiji. V prvem delu naloge pojasnim koncept “učinka vabe” (the decoy effect), ki ga nato ocenim kot pogajalsko strategijo, v drugem delu pa predstavim in ocenim koncept “številnih enakovrednih istočasnih ponudb” (multiple equivalent simultaneous offers, v nadaljevanju: “MESOs”), pri čemer na ustreznih mestih potegnem vzporedice z učinkom vabe. V tretjem delu obe pogajalski strategiji bolj natančno primerjam in analiziram vprašanje, kako struktura pogajanj, moč pogajalca in obstoječi pravni okvir oz. ustaljene prakse posredno vplivajo na izid pogajanj. V svoji nalogi predstavim, da sta tako uporaba MESOs kot uporaba učinka vabe učinkoviti strategiji v integrativnih pogajanjih in vsebujeta elemente, ki prisvajajo in elemente, ki ustvarjajo vrednost. Z izkoriščanjem kognitivnih pristranskosti, ki povzročajo predvidljive “napake” pri človeškem odločanju, si lahko pogajalci v resničnem svetu olajšajo pogajanja. Akterji namreč pogosto ne ravnajo v skladu s predpostavko racionalnosti, na kateri temelji klasična ekonomija, ampak se zanašajo na kognitivne bližnjice. S pomočjo obvladovanja pogajalskih strategij kot sta učinek vabe in uporaba MESOs se lahko posameznik bolj učinkovito spopada s konflikti, izboljša medsebojne odnose, si prisvoji več vrednosti v pogajanjih in sklepa (Pareto) optimalne sporazume. This thesis presents and compares two negotiation strategies. In Part I of the thesis, I explain the concept of the "decoy effect", which I then assess as a negotiation strategy. In Part II of the thesis, I introduce and assess the concept of "multiple equivalent simultaneous offers" (hereinafter, "MESOs") and draw relevant comparisons to the decoy effect. In Part III of the thesis, I compare the two negotiation strategies in more detail and analyse how the structure of the negotiation, negotiating power and the existing legal framework or established practices indirectly influence the outcome of a negotiation. This thesis submits that both the use of MESOs and the use of the decoy effect are effective strategies in integrative negotiations and contain both value-claiming and value-creating elements. Actors often rely on cognitive shortcuts, thus violating the assumption of rationality that underpins classical economics. Hence, negotiators can facilitate negotiations by exploiting cognitive biases that cause predictable "errors" in human decision-making. Through mastering negotiation strategies such as the decoy effect and the use of MESOs, the negotiating parties can deal more effectively with conflict, improve their relationship, claim more value in negotiations and reach (Pareto) optimal agreements.

Uvod: Odbojka je eden od najpopularnejših ženskih športov v svetu. Je šport, ki ga sestavlja kompleksno in hitro gibanje ter ga spremlja visoka incidenca za poškodbe, ki so najpogostejše pri adolescentnih odbojkaricah. FIFA 11+ program je dokazano učinkovit v zmanjšanju incidence poškodb med mladimi športniki, na populaciji mladih nogometašev in košarkarjev pa se je izkazal kot učinkovit tudi za izboljšanje različnih elementov telesne zmogljivosti. Namen: Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti kako ogrevanje s FIFA 11+ programom vpliva na telesno zmogljivost mladih odbojkaric v primerjavi s skupino, ki je izvajala standardno športno ogrevanje. Zanimal nas je vpliv na ravnotežje, višino vertikalnega skoka ter hitrost teka s spremembo smeri. Metode dela: V intervencijski skupini je bilo vključenih 29, v kontrolni pa 23 preiskovank, starih med 12 in 18 let. V intervencijski skupini smo 12 tednov izvajali ogrevanje s programom FIFA 11+, medtem ko se je kontrolna skupina ogrevala z običajnim odbojkarskim ogrevanjem. Merili smo ravnotežje z Y testom višino skoka iz odbojkarskega zaleta ter skok z mesta v blok, merjeno z orodjem Vertec ter hitrost teka s spremembo smeri in pospeškom. Meritve smo izvedli pred in po 12 tedenski intervenciji. Rezultati: Znotraj FIFA 11+ skupine smo zabeležili statistično pomembne razlike med prvo meritvijo in meritvijo po 12 tednih izvajanja FIFA 11+ programa pri vseh spremenljivkah razen pri ravnotežju z dosegom noge v anteriorno smer, med skupinama pa smo zabeležili statistično in klinično pomembno razliko le pri spremenljivki teka s spremembo smeri (p=0,04). Statistični pomembnosti smo se približali pri odrivu v odbojkarskem napadu (p=0,052), v katerem je interval zaupanja vseboval tako nepomembne, kot tudi statistično pomembne razlike. Statistični pomembnosti smo se približali tudi pri postero-lateralni komponenti Y testa na dominantnem udu (p=0,09), kjer smo zabeležili statistično pomembne razlike v izboljšanju dosega znotraj intervencijske (p

V sklopu diplomskega dela sem načrtovala sintezo 1,3,4-tiadizolov z uporabo modelnih substratov. Sinteza je potekla z reakcijo med ketonom in 4,4-dimetiltiosemikarbazidom. Tiadiazoli, ki so produkti pri tej reakciji, so pomembni pri razvoju zdravilnih učinkovin zaradi svojih bioloških aktivnosti. V nadaljevanju sem optimizirala sintezni postopek spojin s spreminjanjem reakcijskih pogojev. Z uporabo metod za karakterizacijo (NMR, HRMS in CHN analizo) sem potrdila nastanek želenih produktov. Spojina pripravljena iz 4-(trifluorometil)acetofenona je kristalizirala in struktura je bila določena z rentgensko strukturno analizo. Čistost tiadiazolov in izkoristek reakcije bi lahko še izboljšala z nadaljnjo optimizacijo sinteznih postopkov. As part of my thesis, I planned the synthesis of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles using model substrates. The synthesis was carried out by reaction between ketones and 4,4-dimethylthiosemicarbazide. Thiadiazoles, which are products of this reaction, are important in drug development because of their biological activities. I continued the optimization of synthetic processes of the compounds by changing the reaction conditions. Using the characterization methods (NMR, HRMS and CHN analysis), I confirmed the formation of the desired products. The compound prepared from 4- (trifluoromethyl)acetophenone crystallized and the structure was determined by X-ray structural analysis. The purity of thiadiazoles and the reaction yields could be improved by further optimization of synthetic procedures.

Trend potrošnje lokalne hrane oziroma lokavorizem igra vedno bolj opazno vlogo na svetovnem prizorišču pridelave hrane in predstavlja točko stičišča, okoli katere se je pojavila večina opozicijskih in alternativnih diskurzov lokalnih sistemov hrane v zadnjih 30 letih. Tudi v Sloveniji smo potrošniki že skoraj na vsakem koraku soočeni s pojmom »lokalno«, kljub temu pa se je pomembno zavedati njegove skonstruirane narave in s tem odsotnosti njegove poenotene definicije. Ne glede na to, če upoštevamo politične ali kulturne meje in število kilometrov, ki jih hrana prepotuje do naših krožnikov, pa lokalna hrana pridobiva na priljubljenosti, saj velja za bolj zdravo, čisto in koristno, poleg tega pa je okolju manj škodljiva. Razlogi potrošnikov za nakup lokalnih proizvodov so tako različni in se gibljejo od tistih, povezanih z lastnim interesom, do bolj altruističnih. Želje in potrebe potrošnikov so pomemben člen v tržnih verigah, saj s svojim povpraševanjem narekujejo spremembe v procesu proizvodnje, od pakiranja do distribucije. Zato je pomembno poskusiti razumeti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na njihove nakupne odločitve. Namen te naloge je bil tako na podlagi aktualne literature izluščiti pomembne faktorje in nato preveriti njihov vpliv na intenco nakupa lokalne hrane pri nas. V empirični raziskavi smo na podlagi analize odgovorov anketirancev ugotovili, da na nakupno intenco vpliva faktor trajnosti in skrbi za okolje, vplivajo pa tudi intrinzične lastnosti hrane, medtem ko smo pri ekonomskem etnocentrizmu in skrbi za zdravje in varnosti hrane ugotovili povezavo v prid hipotezama, a rezultati niso statistično značilni in jih zato ne moremo posplošiti na celotno populacijo. The trend of local food consumption, also known as locavorism, plays an ever-growing and important role in global food production. As such it can be understood as a common point around which the majority of oppositional and alternative discourses of local food systems have appeared in the past 30 years. Since Slovenian consumers are faced daily with the idea of locally produced goods, it is important to be aware of its constructed nature and absence of its definition. Whether or not we take into account the political and cultural borders or the number of kilometres that the food travels before it reaches our plates, it is evident that the popularity of locally produced food is growing due to its perception as healthier, cleaner, more beneficial, and less environmentally damaging. Consumers choose locally produced food due to various reasons, ranging from those connected to personal interest to more altruistic ones. Because consumers dictate the changes in the production process – from packaging to distribution – their desires and needs are an important link in food marketing chains. This is why it is important to try to understand the factors that influence their purchasing decisions. The aim of this assignment is to identify relevant factors based on recent and relevant literature and then to test their influence on the intent of purchasing locally grown food products in Slovenia. Based on the poll responses received as part of the empirical analysis, I found that sustainability and concern for the environment are the two biggest factors in purchase intent, followed by intrinsic food characteristics. I also found a link between purchase intent and economic ethnocentrism, health management, and food safety, which supports our hypotheses, but because the data was statistically inconsequential, I could not generalise it across the general population.

Trendi sodobne družbe, kot so staranje prebivalstva, urbanizacija, prehranjevalne navade in nezdrav življenjski slog, s seboj prinašajo mnoge kronične bolezni, med katere spada tudi sladkorna bolezen. Število obolelih za sladkorno boleznijo iz leta v leto strmo narašča, strokovnjaki pa ocenjujejo, da bo do leta 2045 na svetu več kot 700 milijonov obolelih. Zaradi vse večjega števila bolnikov s sladkorno boleznijo se veča tudi potreba po kakovostni zdravstveni oskrbi, do katere dostop lahko olajša telemedicina. Pri vpeljevanju telemedicine v zdravljenje sladkorne bolezni je pomembno na prvo mesto postaviti bolnika in njegove želje ter potrebe. Cilj diplomskega dela je, s pomočjo metode specifičnega pregleda literature (ang. scoping review), identificirati ključne dejavnike sprejemanja telemedicine med bolniki s sladkorno boleznijo in odkriti, kateri metodološki pristopi so najpogosteje uporabljeni pri odkrivanju le teh. V elektronskih bibliografskih bazah CINAHL (podbazi MEDLINE in Academic Search Complete), ScienceDirect in PubMed ter med sivo literaturo, sem pridobila 18 ustreznih zadetkov, med katerimi so bili strokovno-znanstveni članki, izdani po letu 2014, in napisani v angleškem jeziku. Ugotovila sem, da ključni dejavniki sprejemanja telemedicine med bolniki s sladkorno boleznijo zajemajo lastnosti tehnologije in zaznano enostavnost uporabe, stopnjo vključenosti zdravstvenega osebja, starost in izobrazbo bolnika ter digitalno pismenost in njegov odnos do novih tehnologij. Zaradi raznolikosti raziskav je bilo težje opredeliti najpogosteje uporabljene metodološke pristope, a so avtorji uporabljali predvsem kvalitativne pristope. Trends in modern society, such as population ageing, urbanization, eating habits and unhealthy lifestyle, bring with them many chronic diseases, including diabetes. The number of people suffering from diabetes is growing rapidly. Experts estimate that by 2045, there will be more than 700 million people suffering from diabetes in the world. Due to the growing number of people with diabetes, there is also a growing need for quality health care, which can be provided massively with the use of telemedicine. When introducing telemedicine in the treatment of diabetes, it is important to put the patient and his needs first. Using the method of specific literature review, the aim of the diploma thesis is to identify key acceptance factors of telemedicine among diabetic patients and to find out the most used methodological approaches in detecting acceptance factors. In the electronic bibliographic databases CINAHL (subbases MEDLINE and Academic Search Complete), ScienceDirect and PubMed, as well as additional literature, I obtained a total of 18 papers, published after year 2014 and written in English. I found that key factors in the acceptance of telemedicine among diabetic patients include the characteristics of the technology and perceived ease of use, the degree of involvement of healthcare professionals, the patient's age and education, and digital literacy and attitudes toward new technologies. Due to the diversity of obtained studies, it was more difficult to identify the most used methodological approaches, but the authors mostly used qualitative approaches when studying the factors of telemedicine acceptance.

Urticaria is a common disease in childhood, characterised by the appearance of a transient itchy nettle rash on the skin, which may be accompanied by angioedema. In most cases, the rash stops appearing within a few days or weeks, but occasionally it can last longer. When it persists most days of the week for at least six weeks, it is by definition chronic urticaria. Chronic urticaria can be divided into two main types, chronic inducible urticaria, where a specific trigger factor is known and chronic spontaneous urticaria, in which the trigger factor is unknown. One of the mechanisms in chronic spontaneous urticaria is autoreactivity with functional autoantibodies directed usually against the high-affinity IgE receptor, or more rarely autoantibodies, directed against IgE immunoglobulins. Nettle rash (hives) can also occur as part of some other diseases, such as maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis, bradykinin-mediated angioedema, urticaria vasculitis, systemic mastocytosis and some autoinflammatory syndromes. These conditions are rare and for this reason, are often recognised late in the course of the disease. The delay in treatment can cause irreparable damage, e.g., renal failure in urticaria vasculitis. Some of the diseases accompanied by chronic urticaria can be treated with targeted therapy, for example, interleukin - 1 blockers in autoinflammatory conditions. Chronic spontaneous urticaria is treated with antihistamines. Omalizumab can be added if higher doses of antihistamines are ineffective. If the chronic hives persist, other immunosuppressive agents may be added.

Ekspresionizem kot beseda za obdobje se najpogosteje nanaša na moderno umetnost nemško-govorečih dežel v začetku 20. stoletja, imenovano tudi nemški ekspresionizem. Izraz ekspresionistično lahko uporabimo kot izrazno značilnost za mnoge umetnine, vključno za dela dunajskega slikarja Egona Schieleja. Njegove umetnine so bile izjemno napredne in sporne za tisti čas, kljub temu pa je dosegal izjemne dosežke na področju umetnosti. Na to je vplivalo veliko različnih dejavnikov, od razvoja psihologije, prve svetovne vojne, njegovih povezav z drugimi umetniki in hkrati tudi dogodki v njegovem zasebnem življenju. Njegov opus sestavljajo avtoportreti, portreti, akti in krajine. Schiele je pustil za seboj velik vpliv na umetnost, ki je viden tudi v mojem likovnem razvoju in v delih. Prvi del diplomskega dela je teoretičen in namenjen analizi in raziskavi. Drugi del diplomskega dela je praktičen in vsebuje raziskavo mojih likovnih del, ki temeljijo na predhodno raziskani teoriji. Expressionism is a term, applied to modern art of German-speaking countries at the beginning of the 20th century. The term expressionist can also be used as a characteristic description for many works of art, including the works of the Viennese painter Egon Schiele, which is the main subject of my diploma studies and analysis. Despite the fact that his works of art were extremely advanced and controversial at the time, he left great achievements in modern art. His work was influenced by many different factors, such as the development of psychology, the First World War, connections with other artists and events in his private life. His oeuvre consists of self-portraits, portraits, nudes and landscapes. Schiele left a great influence on art and beacuse of that, his influence is also visible in my works and in my own artistic development. The first part of the thesis is theoretical and intended for analysis and research. The second part of the diploma thesis is practical and contains research through creating works of art based on previously researched theory.

Magistrska naloga raziskuje prikazovanje nasilja nad ženskami v bollywoodskih filmih. Skozi analizo dvaindvajsetih filmov nas je zanimalo, kako pogosto je prikazovanje nasilja nad ženskami v najbolj dobičkonosnih bollywoodskih filmih, ter katera vrsta nasilja prevladuje. Pogled smo usmerili tudi v okolico in njen odziv na nasilje nad ženskami v indijskih filmih. Pozornost je bila posvečena tudi tipično bollywoodskim točkam, tako imenovanim item number, ki so plesno pevske točke, kjer je v središču ženska. Pogledali smo, kako so ženska telesa v njih prikazana. Skozi analizo intervjujev petih indijskih žensk pa nas je zanimalo, kako ženske same definirajo nasilje nad ženskami, ali se zavedajo prisotnosti nasilja nad ženskami v popularnih filmih in ali item number razumejo kot metodo za objektivizacijo žensk na platnih. Pri tem smo ugotovili, da je nasilje v bollywoodskih filmih pogosto, v analizi dvaindvajsetih filmov imajo vsi vsaj eno obliko nasilja nad ženskami. Prevladuje strukturno nasilje in objektivizacija ženskih teles. Fizično nasilje v analizi filmov ni pogosto, ga pa vprašane v naši raziskavi navajajo kot najbolj pogosto obliko nasilja nad ženskami. Item number vprašane razumejo kot nasilje nad ženskami in ga tudi definirajo kot najbolj problematičnega pri objektivizaciji ženskih teles. The thesis explores the portrayal of violence against women in Bollywood movies. Through the analysis of twenty-two top grossing films, we analysed how often violence against women is portrayed in those movies and what type of violence prevails. We also focused on the surroundings and its response to violence against women in Bollywood films. Special attention was also paid to the typical Bollywood points, the so-called item numbers, which are dance and singing parts where the focus is the woman and her dancing body. We looked at how such female bodies are depicted in them. Through the analysis of interviews of five Indian women, we analysed how women themselves define violence against women, if they are aware of the presence of violence against women in popular films and if they understand the item number as a form of objectifying women on screens. In doing so, we found that violence against women is common in Bollywood movies, in our analysis of 22 movies all portray at least one form of violence against women. We found that in movies most commonly portrayed are structural violence and objectifying of female bodies. On the other hand psychical violence is what women we interviewed feel is more common. Women define item number as a fort of violence against women and define it as the most problematic for objectifying female bodies.

Magistrsko delo se ukvarja z raziskovanjem značilnosti fantazijskega žanra v literaturi na splošno, bolj poglobljeno pa se osredotoča na prevod treh besedil češke fantazijske proze v slovenščino ter na njihovo literarno in jezikovno analizo. Fantazijska književnost, ki sicer izhaja iz tradicije ljudske pravljice in mita, je vse od sredine dvajsetega stoletja v razcvetu. Poudarek je na sodobni fantazijski literaturi, ki se je začela s Tolkienovim Gospodarjem prstanov, s kompleksnostjo in razsežnostjo domišljijskih svetov pa predstavlja izjemno pomembno in priljubljeno področje literarne fikcije. Pomembna dejavnost, ki fantazijski književnosti omogoča, da danes velja za eno najpopularnejših in tržno najuspešnejših vej sodobne literature, je prevajalstvo. Ker pa je večina tovrstne literature prevajana iz angleščine, ostaja velik del svetovne fantazijske književnosti neraziskan in skoraj povsem neznan. Roman pisateljice Petre Stehlíkove z naslovom Poslušalec ter kratki zgodbi Tarantrof Adama Andresa in Libušina poslednja prerokba Pavla Renčína so dela, ki predstavljajo tri povsem različne oblike oziroma podžanre češke fantazijske proze. Njihove svojevrstne značilnosti se kažejo preko specifičnih določil, predvsem pa so izrazito opazne v rabi neologizmov in fantazijskega jezika. Fantazijsko besedišče služi kot sredstvo bogatenja in poglabljanja besedila ter ustvarjanja kompleksnega sveta in fikcijskega dogajanja. Prav to pa pogosto predstavlja zahteven prevajalski izziv. Pričujoče magistrsko delo raziskuje fantazijska besedila v češkem jeziku in analizira prevajalski postopek odlomkov treh čeških proznih besedil fantazijskega žanra v slovenščino. This thesis researches the characteristics of fantasy literature in general, however, it focuses more in depth on the translation of three Czech fantasy texts into Slovene and their literary and linguistic analysis. Fantasy literature, which is otherwise derived from the tradition of folk tales and myths, has been flourishing since the middle of the twentieth century. The emphasis is on contemporary fantasy literature, which began with Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. With the complexity and vast dimension of fantasy worlds, it represents an extremely prominent and popular aspect of literary fiction. Most importantly, it is translation that enables fantasy literature to be considered one of the most popular and commercially successful branches of modern literature. However, since most fantasy literature is translated from English, much of the world’s fantasy literature remains unexplored and almost completely unknown. Petra Stehlíková's novel The Listener and the short stories Tarantrof by Adam Andres and Libuše's Last Prophecy by Pavel Renčín are works that represent three completely different subgenres of Czech fantasy prose. Their specific characteristics are presented through specific defining features, which are above all distinctly noticeable in the use of neologisms and fantasy language. Fantasy vocabulary serves as a means of enriching and deepening the text and creating a complex world within a fictional narrative. And this is what frequently poses quite a demanding translation challenge. This thesis explores fantasy prose in the Czech language and analyzes the translation process of excerpts from three different Czech fantasy works into Slovene.

Pogled na človekove pravice in temeljne svoboščine je zanimiv. Njihova razlaga je kljub njihovi splošnosti ter dejstvu, da so opredeljene z ustavo in drugimi zakoni, odvisna od okoliščin, v katerih je posameznik. Za človeka so najpomembnejše tiste, ki jih nima in zapor je dober primer tega. Letno se v zaporih Republike Slovenije poroča o številnih kršitvah človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin. Samo leta 2019 je bilo naslovljenih na varuha človekovih pravic 64 pritožb s strani obsojencev ter 26 pritožb s strani pripornikov. V diplomski nalogi se osredotočamo na najpogostejše kršitve človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin zapornikov med prestajanjem kazni. Raziskali smo pravne možnosti zapornikov v primeru kršenja človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin med prestajanjem zaporne kazni, uveljavljanje sodnega varstva v primeru kršitev ter vlogo varuha človekovih pravic. Za pisanje teoretičnega dela smo v diplomski nalogi uporabili deskriptivno metodo, s pomočjo katere smo na podlagi letnih poročil Varuha opredelili najpogostejše kršitve človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin med prestajanjem kazni. Za raziskovanje pravnih možnosti zapornikov v primeru kršitev smo uporabili analizo pravnih virov. Za raziskavo glede kršenja človekovih pravic v slovenskih zaporih pa smo izvedli anketo med nekdanjimi obsojenci ter analizirali izbrane primere sodne prakse nacionalnih in mednarodnih sodišč. Analiza je pokazala, da se najpogostejše kršitve v zavodih za prestajanje zaporne kazni v RS nanašajo na prezasedenost sob. Ugotovili smo, da rezultati ankete odražajo enako sliko, kot jo odražajo podatki, zbrani s pomočjo statističnih podatkov varuha ter sodne prakse. Glede pravnih možnosti zapornikov smo ugotovili, da gredo slednji lahko neposredno v sodne postopke, lahko pa najprej poskušajo urediti zadevo po neformalni poti. Tako v Sloveniji kot na ravni EU imamo različno zakonodajo, ki varuje človekove pravice in temeljne svoboščine ter določa, kako ukrepati v primeru kršenja te. Glede na to, da v RS kljub zakonskemu okvirju tako na mednarodni kot nacionalni ravni še vedno prihaja do velikega števila pritožb glede kršenja človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin, bi morali pristojni organi omenjeni problematiki nameniti več časa in pozornosti. Že samo ena kršitev človekovih pravic je preveč, dvomestno število na letni ravni pa zbuja skrb. Dejstvo, da posameznik kot obsojenec pristane v zaporu, ni opravičilo za kršenje človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin. The view of human rights is interesting. Their interpretation is, despite their generality and the fact that they are defined with the Constitution and other laws, reliant upon the individual's circumstances. The most important rights are those a person lacks in a certain environment and prison is a good example. Annually, many human and fundamental rights violations are reported in the Republic of Slovenia's prisons. In 2019 alone, the Ombudsman office received 64 complaints issued by the convicted and 26 by detainees. This paper focuses on the most common human rights violations among prisoners serving their sentences. We investigated legal possibilities for prisoners experiencing human rights violations while serving their sentences. We focused on how they can exercise judicial and Ombudsman protection. The theoretical part utilized description to define the most common human rights violations during imprisonment. Prisoners' legal possibilities were researched with the analysis of legal sources. To investigate human rights violations in Slovenian prisons, we have surveyed former prisoners and analyzed the selected cases from national and international courts. The analysis showed that the most common violation of human rights refers to overcrowded living quarters. Our survey results were conclusive with the data collected with the help of the Ombudsman's statistical data and case law. Regarding the prisoners' legal possibilities, we have discovered that they can start a procedure directly or try settling it informally. Slovenia and the European Union have different legislation about human rights and how to act if they're violated. Despite national and international legal framework, the number of human rights violations in Slovenia is still high. Therefore competent authorities should focus more time and effort on this issue. Even one violation is too much, and a two-digit figure on an annual basis is worrisome. Serving a sentence in prison is in no way an excuse to have one's human or fundamental rights violated.

V diplomski nalogi se bom ukvarjala s tem, kako s pomočjo fotografije prikazati, za kakšno duševno stanje oziroma duševno motnjo gre. Ukvarjala se bom z upodobitvijo krhkih vizualnih podob, ki jih bom dosegla predvsem z napakami v fotografskem postopku in z uničevanjem filmskih negativov. S svojo fotografsko serijo želim prikazati mentalna stanja in občutke, ki jih posameznik doživlja pri določeni duševni motnji. S svojim diplomskim delom želim bolje spoznati duševne motnje, jih analizirati, in to upodobiti skozi avtorsko serijo fotografij. Raziskovala bom avtorje, ki se ukvarjajo z duševnimi boleznimi, zgodovino upodabljanja duševnih bolezni v umetnosti, duševne motnje in na kakšne načine jih lahko prikažemo s fotografijo. My thesis highlights the depiction of mental illness and state of mind through photography. I will be exploring fragile visual representations and portraying them mostly by errors in the photographic process along with destroying the negatives of the film. The intent of my photographic series is to illustrate various mental and emotional states as experienced by individuals with a specific mental illness. In my thesis I want to learn about various mental illnesses, analyse them and portray them through my original photo series. I will focus on authors who are exploring the complex issues of mental health and emotions through photographic projects and artworks, depiction of mental illness in art history, mental illness in general and how to depict them with photography.

Ljudstvo Ainu ima na Japonskem dolgo in zapleteno zgodovino. Tem, ki jih lahko raziskujemo v zvezi z ljudstvom Ainu je veliko, v tej diplomski nalogi pa se bom osredotočala na raziskave v zvezi z reprezentacijo ljudstva Ainu na Japonskem. V primeru manjšin in avtohtonih ljudstev kot so Ainu, je reprezentacija pomembna saj lahko ustvari način na kateri jih ostali ljudje dojemajo, ki pa nato bistveno vpliva na njihov položaj v družbi ter njihov način življenja. Po predstavitvi pojma in pomena reprezentacije za manjšine in avtohtona ljudstva, bo diplomsko delo podalo kronološki zgodovinski pregled reprezentacije ljudstva Ainu. Najprej bodo predstavljene najzgodnejše zabeležene reprezentacije, ki jim bo sledilo obdobje izrabljanja ter obdobje kolonizacije in asimilacije. Na koncu bo sledil še pregled reprezentacije ljudstva Ainu v sodobni Japonski. V zaključku bom podala še povzetek svoje analize prejšnjih poglavij ter predstavila svoje ugotovitve o spremembah v reprezentaciji ljudstva Ainu ter kako je to nanje vplivalo. The Ainu have had a long and complex history in Japan and while there are many topics one can research in relation to the Ainu, in this thesis I will be focusing on research relating to the representation of Ainu in Japan. In the case of minorities and indigenous peoples like the Ainu, representation is important because it can create the way others view them, significantly influencing their standing in society and their way of life. After presenting the meaning and significance of representation of minorities the thesis will provide a chronological historical overview of Ainu representation. First, the thesis will present the earliest recorded representations, followed by the period of exploitation and the period of colonization and assimilation. Lastly it will provide an overview of Ainu representation in contemporary Japan. In the conclusion I will provide a summary of my analysis on the previous chapters and present my findings on the changes in Ainu representation and the effects it had on the Ainu.

Uvod: V oralni mikroflori se ne moremo izogniti mikroorganizmom, ki se nabirajo v obliki biofilma. Bakterija, ki je najbolj povezana s tvorbo plaka, je Streptococcus mutans, ki je navadno prisotna v ustni votlini. Na bakterijsko adhezijo in tvorbo biofilma vplivajo različni okoljski dejavniki in fizikalno-kemične lastnosti materialov. V zobni protetiki se kot zobni nadomestek vedno bolj uporablja cirkon oksidna keramika, saj ima odlične mehanske in estetske lastnosti ter je biokompatibilna. Namen: Namen je dokazati, kako različna sestava in različna obdelava površine vpliva na adhezijo bakterije Streptococcus mutans in razvoj biofilma. Preverjali bomo, kako nekatere fizikalne lastnosti kot so pretočni potencial, hrapavost ter kontaktni kot površin vplivajo na adhezijo te bakterije. Metode dela: Pripravili smo vzorce štirih granul oz. sestav keramike, ki se uporabljajo za izdelavo zobnih kron, inlejev in onlejev. Primerjali smo cirkon oksidno keramiko z različno vsebnostjo dodatkov, in sicer 3 mol% Y2O3 (TZ- 3YB-E), 4 mol% Y2O3 (Zpex 4), 5,2 mol% Y2O3 (Zpex Smile) in 0,05 mol% Al2O3 (TZ-PX-242A). Pripravo ploščic smo nadaljevali s tem, da smo jih sintrali. Polovico sintranih ploščic smo tudi peskali. Sledila je polna karakterizacija površin za analizo fizikalnih lastnosti, kot so hrapavost površine, zeta potencial površine in kontaktni kot. V mikrobiološkem laboratoriju smo pripravili čisto kulturo Streptococcus mutans ter na vzorcih različnih sestav in obdelav raziskovali adhezijo te bakterije. V zobnem laboratoriju smo pripravili ZrO2 monolitne polnokeramične zobne prevleke na zobeh 11, 12, 21 in 22 s tehnologijo CAD-CAM. Rezultati: Največjo hrapavost smo izmerili pri peskanih površinah. Pri cirkonijevem oksidu stabiliziranim z itrijevim oksidom opazimo, da z večanjem deleža itrijevega oksida hrapavost površine pada. Najmanj negativni naboj smo izmerili na površini Zpex4 p (-22 mV ± 12 mV), najbolj negativen pa pri cirkonijevim oksidom stabiliziranim s 3 mol% Y2O3 (TZ- 3YB-E) as (-56 mV ± 3 mV). Peskane površine so manj negativno nabite kot samo sintrane, razen pri sestavi TZ-PX-242A (ZrO2 + 0,05 mol% Al2O3). Najnižji kontaktni kot (62,6°) je bil izmerjen pri peskani površini Zpex4, najvišji (87,8°) pa pri sintranem Zpex-Smile. Površine, ki so bile samo sintrane, so imele višji kontaktni kot tiste, ki so bile peskane, razen pri cirkonijevim oksidom stabiliziranim s 3 mol% Y2O3 (TZ- 3YB-E). Najvišjo absorbanco smo izmerili pri površini Zpex-Smile p (0,36 ± 0,04), najnižjo pa pri Zpex-Smile as (0,09 ± 0,00). Za tri od štirih sestav velja, da smo izmerili višjo absorbanco pri peskanih površinah kot pri tistih, ki so samo sintrane. Razprava in zaključek: Dejavnik, ki je najbolj vplival na adhezijo bakterij, je hrapavost površine. Potrdili smo tudi, da bolj negativen pretočni potencial površine pomeni manjšo stopnjo adhezije bakterije S. mutans. Zaradi nejasnih rezultatov ne moremo točno določiti, v kolikšni meri hidrofobnost vpliva na adhezijo bakterij. Introduction: In oral microflora, microorganisms that pile in the form of biofilm cannot be avoided. The bacterium most associated with plaque formation is Streptococcus mutans, which is commonly present in the oral cavity. Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation are affected by various environmental factors and physico-chemical properties of bacterial and material surfaces. In dental prosthetics, zirconium oxide ceramics is increasingly used as a dental substitute, as it has excellent mechanical and aesthetic properties and is biocompatible. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate how different composition and different surface treatment affect Streptococcus mutans adhesion and biofilm formation. We will examine how certain physical properties such as streaming potential, surface roughness and hydrophobicity of the material surface influence the degree of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: We prepared samples of four granules used for production of dental crowns, inlays and onlays. Zirconium oxide ceramics with different content of additives were compared, namely 3 mol% Y2O3 (TZ- 3YB-E), 4 mol% Y2O3 (Zpex 4), 5,2 mol% Y2O3 (Zpex Smile) and 0,05 mol% Al2O3 (TZ-PX-242A). We continued the preparation of the discs by sintering them. Half of the sintered discs were also sanded. This was followed by complete characterization for the analysis of physical properties such as surface roughness, zeta surface potential and hydrophobicity/contact angle. We prepared a pure culture of Streptococcus mutans in the microbiological laboratory and investigated the adhesion of this bacterium on discs of various compositions and treatments. In the dental laboratory we made monolithic ZrO2 ceramic dental veneers on teeth 11, 12, 21 and 22 with CAD-CAM technology. Results: The highest roughness was measured on sanded surfaces. In the case of zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide, it is observed that the surface roughness decreases with increasing proportion of yttrium oxide. The least negative charge was measured on the surface of Zpex4 p (-22 mV ± 12 mV) and the most negative in zirconium oxide stabilized with 3mol % Y2O3 (TZ- 3YB-E) as (-56 mV ± 3 mV). Sanded surfaces are less negatively charged than only sintered, except in the composition TZ-PX-242A (ZrO2 + 0,05 mol% Al2O3). The lowest contact angle (62,6°) was measured on sanded Zpex4 surface and the highest (87,8°) on as sintered Zpex-smile. Surfaces that were only sintered had higher contact angle than those that were sanded, except for zirconium oxide stabilized with 3 mol% Y2O3 (TZ- 3YB-E). The highest absorbance was measured at the Zpex-Smile p surface (0,36 ± 0,04) and the lowest on the Zpex-Smile as (0,09 ± 0,00). Three of the four materials we measured there was higher absorbance in sanded surfaces than in those that are only sintered. Discussion and conclusion: The factor, that most affected the bacterial adhesion is surface roughness. We also confirmed that a more negative streaming potential means lower degree of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Due to unclear results, it is not possible to determine exactly to what extent hydrophobicity affects bacterial adhesion.

V raziskavi smo določali profil karotenoidov v cianobakteriji Arthrospira platensis in mikroalgi Chlorella vulgaris ter vpliv mlečnokislinske fermentacije na prisotnost karotenoidov in fenolnih spojin. Pripravili smo ekstrakte past biomas A. platensis in C. vulgaris v dveh različnih topilih (100-% aceton, kloroform : metanol = 1 : 2). V ekstraktih smo karotenoide ovrednotili s spektrofotometrično metodo in s tankoplastno kromatografijo. V raziskavi smo ugotovili, da se vsebnost karotenoidov in ustreznost topil, ki sta se uporabljali pri A. platensis in C. vulgaris, razlikujeta, saj je aceton dal boljše rezultate za vzorce A. platensis in mešanica kloroform : metanol za vzorce C. vulgaris. Iz kontrolne biomase A. platensis smo s 100-% acetonom ekstrahirali 4,37 ± 0,16 (mg/g suhe biomase) karotenoidov in iz fermentirane 4,37 ± 0,07 (mg/g suhe biomase) karotenoidov. Z mešanico kloroform : metanol smo iz kontrolne biomase A. platensis ekstrahirali 25,9 % manj karotenoidov in iz fermentirane biomase 13,3 % manj karotenoidov. Iz kontrolne in fermentirane biomase C. vulgaris smo s 100-% acetonom ekstrahirali skoraj 10-krat manj skupnih karotenoidov, in sicer 0,45 ± 0,01 (mg/g suhe biomase) in 0,52 ± 0,02 (mg/g suhe biomase). Tudi z mešanico kloroform : metanol smo ekstrahirali manj karotenoidov, tako iz kontrolne biomase C. vulgaris kot fermentirane, in sicer 2,27 ± 0,12 (mg/g suhe biomase) in 1,39 ± 0,02 (mg/g suhe biomase). S tankoplastno kromatografijo smo ločili mešanico pigmentov v ekstraktih iz past kontrolnih in fermentiranih biomas. Pri A. platensis smo uspeli ločiti 10-16 komponent več z uporabo mešanice 1 kot z uporabo drugih mešanic, medtem ko smo pri C. vulgaris uspeli ločiti 4-13 komponent več z uporabo mešanice 3 kot z uporabo preostalih mešanic topil. S Folin-Ciocalteujevo metodo smo določali tudi vsebnost fenolnih spojin. Fenolne spojine predstavljajo od najmanj 0,02 % do največ 0,44 % biomase. Ugotovili smo, da je koncentracija skupnih fenolnih spojin višja v fermentiranih vzorcih kot v kontrolnih ter da A. platensis na splošno vsebuje več karotenoidov in skupnih fenolnih spojin (SFS) kot C. vulgaris. In this research, we determined profiles of carotenoids in cyanobacteria A. platensis and microalgae C. vulgaris, the effect of lactic acid fermentation on present carotenoids, and also the presence of phenolic compounds. Biomass paste extracts of A. platensis and C. vulgaris were prepared in two different solvents (100 % acetone, chloroform : methanol = 1 : 2) so that we can compare the results and see which solvent is giving better results. After extraction, we tried to determine carotenoids by various methods, such as spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography. In addition to carotenoids, the presence of phenolic compounds was also determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. In this study, we found that the carotenoid content and solubility of the solvents used differed between A. platensis and C. vulgaris, as one solvent gave better results for A. platensis samples and the other solvent for C. vulgaris samples. 4.37 ± 0.16 (mg/g d. m.) was extracted from unfermented biomass of A. platensis in 100 % acetone and 4.37 ± 0.07 (mg/g d. m.) from fermented biomass. 3.24 ± 0.53 (mg/g d. m.) was extracted from unfermented biomass of A. platensis in chloroform : methanol solvent mixture and 3.79 ± 0.25 (mg/g d. m.) of fermented biomass. When it comes to A. platensis we extracted 14–22 % more carotenoids with 100 % acetone than with chloroform : methanol solvent mixture. 0.45 ± 0.01 (mg/g d. m.) was extracted from unfermented biomass of C. vulgaris in 100 % acetone and 0.52 ± 0.02 (mg/g d. m.) from unfermented biomass. 2.27 ± 0.12 (mg/g d. m.) was extracted from unfermented biomass of C. vulgaris in chloroform : methanol solvent mixture and 1.39 ± 0.02 (mg/g d. m.) of fermented biomass. When it comes to C. vulgaris we extracted 2–4 % more carotenoids with chloroform : methanol solvent mixture than with 100 % acetone. The same was observed in thin layer chromatography by comparing the suitability of four solvent mixtures. In A. platensis a non-polar solvent mixture 1 separated 10-16 more components compared to any of the other mixtures used and in C. vulgaris a polar solvent mixture 3 separated 4-13 more components compared to other solvent mixtures. We also used Folin-Ciocalteu method to determine the content of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds represent from at least 0.2 % to the maximum of 0.44 % of biomass. Finally, we concluded that the concentration of total phenolic compounds and carotenoids is generally higher in fermented samples than in unfermented samples and that A. platensis generally contains more carotenoids and total phenolic compounds (TPC) than C. vulgaris.

Dolina Kot se nahaja na severozahodnem delu Slovenije in je del Vzhodnih Julijskih Alp. Ledeniško preoblikovanje je imelo v pleistocenu velik vpliv na izgled današnje doline. Celotno podobo današnje doline pa ni izoblikoval le ledenik, temveč gre za součinkovanje različnih geomorfnih procesov. Z vidika geomorfološkega raziskovanja dolina Kot še ni bila sistematično preučena. Osnovni namen zaključne seminarske naloge je bil izvesti celostno geomorfološko analizo. S pomočjo pregleda literature in kartografskega gradiva smo izvedli morfografsko, morfometrično, morfostrukturno in morfogenetsko analizo. Kot Valley is located in the northwestern part of Slovenia and is part of the eastern Julian Alps. The glacial transformation in the Pleistocene had a great influence on the appearance of the present valley. The whole image of the present valley was not only formed by a glacier, but is also an interaction of various geomorphological processes. From the point of view of geomorphology, the Kot valley has not yet been systematically studied. The main objective of this work was to conduct a geomorphological analysis of the Kot Valley. With the help of literature research and cartographic material, we carried out a morphographic, morphometric, morphostructural and morphogenetic analysis.

Dušik (N) je esencialni makroelement za normalno rast in razvoj rastlin. Mineralna prehrana z N temelji na anorganski obliki N, to sta nitrat (NO3-) in amonij (NH4+). Kljub temu je znano, da lahko rastline neposredno iz tal sprejmejo tudi organske molekule N, kot so aminokisline in peptidi. Sekundarni aktivni transport Norg omogoča protonski gradient H+. Pri A. Thaliana poznamo več družin aminokislinskih transporterjev: aminokislinske permeaze (AAP), lizinsko/histidinski transporterji (LHT) in prolinski-glicinski-betainski transporterji (ProT). Poleg tega poznamo tudi transporterje uree. Afiniteta in specifičnost substrata se razlikujeta med družinami prenašalcev. Pri načrtovanju gnojenja je poleg anorganske oblike N potrebno upoštevati tudi razpoložljivost organski molekul N. Uporaba organskih gnojil, ki vsebujejo aminokisline in proteini lahko predstavlja rešitev za okolju prijazno kmetijsko prakso. Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Plant N nutrition generally relies on inorganic forms of N, nitrate NO3- and ammonia NH4+, which are readily available for plant uptake. However, it is now well established that plants can also take up N directly in the form of organic molecules such as amino acids and peptides (Norg). In this uptake, the proton motive force generated by electrogenic H+ transport is used for the secondary active transport of Norg. In Arabidopsis thaliana, root amino acid uptake systems belong to different families: Amino Acid Permeases (AAPs), Lysine/Histidine-like Transporters (LHTs) and Proline and Glycine Betaine Transporters (ProTs). Transporters and related genes for urea are also known. In general, substrate specificity and affinity vary between and within the different transporter families. Similar mechanisms are involved in allocation of Norg within the plant. The ability to utilize organic N allows plants to access a wide range of N sources in different environments. In cropping systems where inorganic N nutrition is predominant, the availability of organic molecules needs to be considered in fertilization planning. Moreover, the use of organic fertilizers, including amino acid, proteins as a N source, could be the answer to development od environmental- riendly methods of plant cultivation.

Otrokova risba nastaja spontano, samoiniciativno in je izrazno preprosta, kar pogosto botruje prepričanju, da pravzaprav nima posebnega pomena, vendar temu še zdaleč ni tako. Risba, zlasti tista, po kateri otrok poseže ob soočanju z določeno situacijo, nam sporoča več, kot smo si pogosto pripravljeni priznati. Vsaka risba, ki jo otrok nariše, je drugačna, tako kot je edinstven otrok, ki risbo riše. Pri tem so pomembne tako črte, oblike, v določenem obdobju pa svoj delež prispeva tudi izbor barve. V diplomskem delu sem se osredotočila predvsem na izražanje čustev predšolskega otroka in kako so upodobljena na njihovih risbah. Vse to nam na najboljši način razloži in prikaže likovna terapija. Moj cilj čez celotno diplomsko delo je bil ugotoviti vpliv otrokovega doživljanja čustev, ki jih izzovem preko dveh različnih zgodb (vesela in žalostna vsebina) na njegovo risbo. Moje diplomsko delo se ukvarja z vprašanjem Ali določeno čustvo, ki ga doživlja upodobi s specifičnimi barvami oziroma ali otrokova čustva vplivajo na izbiro barve?. Rezultate, ki sem jih z raziskovanjem pridobila, sem kvalitativno obdelala in jih analizirala s pomočjo vsebinske analize. Analiza je pokazala, da otroci ne glede na starost izbirajo tiste barve in rišejo tiste like iz zgodb, ki jih najbolj pritegnejo. Ob tem pa je pomembno, da pri analiziranju otroške risbe znamo uvideti kontekste, v katerem je nastala, kakšen impulz je sprožil risarski odziv in kaj ob tem otrok še sporoča (verbalno in neverbalno). A child's drawing is created spontaneously, self-initiatively, and it is very simple in terms of its expressiveness, which often leads to the belief that, as a matter of fact, it has no special meaning. However, that is far from being the case. A drawing, especially the one that a child creates when confronted with a particular situation, tells us much more than we are often willing to admit. Every drawing created by a child is different, just as a child who makes the drawing is unique and different from other children. Both lines and shapes are important in this respect, and in a certain period, the choice of colour also plays an important role. My bachelor’s thesis is focused mainly on pre-schoolers’ emotion expression and besides, it also studies the ways emotions are expressed in their drawings. All this is best explained and illustrated by means of art therapy. My bachelor’s thesis aims to determine the impact that the child’s emotions, which were triggered by means of two different types of stories (happy and sad), have on the child’s drawing. The thesis addresses the question whether a particular emotion experienced by a child is also portrayed with specific colours, and it examines whether the child’s emotions affect the choice of colours. The results obtained by the research were qualitatively processed and analysed by means of content analysis. The analysis showed that children, regardless of their age, choose those colours and draw those fictional characters that they find most appealing. At the same time, it is important that when analysing children’s drawings, we are able to understand the context in which they were created, determine the impulse that triggered the response through drawing, and establish other messages that a child wants to communicate (verbally and non-verbally).

Levkemija je pogost rak krvi in kostnega mozga, pri katerem pride do nenadzorovanega pomnoževanja belih krvnih celic oziroma levkocitov. V kostnem mozgu se tvori veliko število nefunkcionalnih in nepopolno razvitih belih krvničk, ki se sproščajo v kri in se nato prenesejo v ostale organe v telesu. Zaradi presežnega pomnoževanja levkocitov je v kostnem mozgu zmanjšano nastajanje drugih krvnih celic, tudi eritrocitov. Trenutno še ni zdravila, s katerim bi bolezen popolnoma pozdravili, vendar jo je možno obvladovati, da se ne vrne. Levkemične matične celice so zelo odporne, kar pojasni njihovo vztrajanje kljub uporabi večine tradicionalnih kemoterapevtikov. Vsak tip levkemije zahteva svoj način zdravljenja, vendar bi lahko z alternativnim pristopom zdravljenja z limfociti γδ T zdravili vse oblike rakavih obolenj. Za to vrsto celic je namreč značilno, da imajo več različnih mehanizmov aktivacije, torej imajo več neodvisnih sistemov za prepoznavanje tumorskih celic in mehanizmov delovanja proti njim. Leukemia is a common cancer of the blood and bone marrow, in which there is an uncontrolled multiplication of white blood cells or leukocytes. A large number of dysfunctional and imperfectly developed white blood cells are formed in the bone marrow, which are released into the blood and then transferred to other organs in the body. Excessive proliferation of leukocytes in the bone marrow reduces the production of other blood cells, including erythrocytes. There is currently no cure for the disease, but it can be controlled so that it does not return. Leukemic stem cells are highly resistant, which explains their persistence despite the use of most traditional chemotherapeutics. Each type of leukemia requires its own treatment, but all forms of cancer could be treated with an alternative approach to γδ T lymphocyte therapy. This type of cell is characterized by several different mechanisms of activation, ie they have several independent systems for recognizing tumor cells and mechanisms of action against them.

Senzorična analiza je pomembno orodje za vrednotenje kozmetičnih izdelkov v celotni poti razvoja kozmetičnega izdelka, od konceptualizacije izdelka do marketinga in prodaje. Skupaj z instrumentalnimi testi daje dodatno vrednost in popolnejši profil kozmetičnega izdelka. Za razliko od instrumentalnih testov pri senzorični analizi kozmetični izdelek ocenjuje človek s svojimi osnovnimi čuti. To so vid, voh, tip, okus in sluh. Znotraj senzorične analize ločimo analitične in hedonske metode. Analitične imajo objektiven pristop, pri katerem sodeluje kvalificirano osebje, medtem ko je za hedonske metode značilen subjektiven pristop, pri katerem sodelujejo nekvalificirani prostovoljci. Znotraj vsake izmed metod ločimo več testov. Znotraj analitičnih metod ločimo diskriminatorno (trikotni test, duo-trio test, test s primerjavo v parih in uvrstitveni test) in deskriptivno (klasična kvantitativna deskriptivna analiza, metoda hitrega profiliranja, Pivot© profil metoda in metoda »označi, kar ustreza«) testiranje. Znotraj hedonskih metod ločimo afektivno in efektivno testiranje. Izbira testa je odvisna od cilja, ki ga želimo doseči. V diplomskem delu smo z anketnim raziskovanjem med devetimi slovenskimi in tujimi kozmetičnimi podjetji preučevali pristop k postavitvi senzoričnega profila izdelka. Gre za kozmetična podjetja in podjetja, ki se med drugim ukvarjajo tudi s senzorično analizo kozmetičnih izdelkov. Zanimalo nas je, na kakšen način so podjetja vpeta v senzorično analizo, katere izdelke vrednotijo in katerih testov se pri tem poslužujejo. Pridobili smo tudi podatke o lastnostih, izobrazbi in usposabljanju ocenjevalcev ter prostorih, kjer se senzorična analiza izvaja. Seznanili smo se tudi s potekom senzorične analize in vrednotenjem rezultatov le-te. Ugotovili smo, da vsa podjetja v določenem obsegu izvajajo senzorično vrednotenje kozmetičnih izdelkov, najpogosteje za kozmetične izdelke za lase. Največkrat uporabljajo hedonski pristop oz. potrošniške teste. Zanimiv odgovor sta nam podali slovenski podjetji Kozmetika Afrodita, d. o. o., in Hemptouch, d. o. o. Vprašanja, povezana s senzoriko, so namreč pri Afroditi zgolj del testiranja polizdelka v izbranih testnih skupinah. Pri tem nikoli ne sodelujejo usposobljeni preizkuševalci, temveč zgolj prostovoljci. Podjetje Hemptouch ne nameni veliko pozornosti ugodni senzorični izkušnji, saj je namen njihovih izdelkov reševanje kožnih težav. Kljub temu so se z zamenjavo sestavine zaradi neugodne senzorične izkušnje že srečali. Tako vidimo, da je senzorična analiza neizogibni in pomemben del vrednotenja kozmetičnih izdelkov. V drugem sklopu naloge smo na podlagi pridobljenih informacij v okviru anketnega raziskovanja in podatkov iz strokovne literature sestavili vprašalnik in izvedli senzorično analizo, kjer nas je zanimala predvsem povezava med zaznanimi lastnostmi ter trditvami za posamezen kozmetični izdelek. Izvedli smo hedonski oz. potrošniški test, in sicer kombinacijo afektivnega in efektivnega testa. Primerjali smo dve kremi za obraz znamke Afrodita, »Aqua MIX lahka hranljiva krema« in »Botanical MIX vlažilna gelna krema«. Kremi sta se med seboj razlikovali v določenih sestavinah, s čimer smo pojasnili razlike v senzoričnih lastnostih. Večina testirank bi raje izbrala »Botanical MIX vlažilno gelno kremo«, ki glede na informacije s strani proizvajalca dejansko dosega večji delež prodaje. V okviru testiranja smo prav tako potrdili večino navedb, s katerimi proizvajalec oglašuje oba kozmetična izdelka. V okviru diplomske naloge smo z anketnim raziskovanjem pridobili veliko informacij ter dobili vpogled v ključno vlogo senzorične analize tako pri razvoju kot marketingu kozmetičnih izdelkov. Sensory analysis is a tool for evaluating cosmetic products throughout the development path of a cosmetic product, starting from the conceptualization model to marketing and sales. Together with instrumental tests, it provides additional value and a complete profile of the cosmetic product. Unlike instrumental tests, sensory analysis is carried out by a person with its basic senses, namely sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing. Within sensory analysis, we distinguish between analytical and hedonic methods. Analytical methods have an objective approach involving qualified staff, while hedonic methods have more subjective approach involving unskilled volunteers. Within each method, there are several tests. Within analytical methods, we distinguish between discrimination (triangle test, duo-trio test, pairwise test and ranking test) and descriptive (classical quantitative descriptive analysis, flash profile method, pivot profile method and check-all-that-apply method) testing. Within hedonic methods, we distinguish between affective and effective testing. The choice of test depends on the goal we want to achieve. Within the diploma thesis, we studied the approach to setting up a sensory profile through a survey among nine Slovenian and foreign cosmetic companies. These are cosmetic companies and companies that are not cosmetic but are engaged in sensory analysis of cosmetic products. We were interested in how the companies are involved in sensory analysis, which products they value and which tests are used. We also obtained data on the characteristics, education and training of assessors and the places where sensory analysis is performed. We also got acquainted with the steps of sensory analysis and evaluation of its results. We found that each company performs a sensory evaluation of cosmetic products to a certain extent, most often for hair cosmetics. Hedonic approach or consumer tests are most often used. An interesting answer was provided by Slovenian companies Kozmetika Afrodita d. o. o. and Hemptouch d. o. o. In Afrodita sensory-related questions are only part of the testing of a semi-finished product in selected test groups. Qualified assessors are never involved, only volunteers. Hemptouch does not pay much attention to a favourable sensory experience, as the purpose of their products is to solve skin problems. Nevertheless, they have already encountered ingredient replacement due to an unfavourable sensory experience. We conclude that sensory analysis is an inevitable and important part of the evaluation of cosmetic products themselves. In the second part of the diploma thesis, based on the information obtained in the survey and data from the professional literature, we set up a questionnaire and performed a sensory analysis, where we were mainly interested in the correlation between perceived properties and claims for individual cosmetic products. We performed hedonic or consumer test, a combination of affective and effective test. We compared two Afrodita’s face creams, “Aqua MIX light nourishing cream” and “Botanical MIX hydrating gel cream”. Creams differ in certain ingredients, thus explaining the differences in sensory properties. Most opted for “Botanical MIX hydrating gel cream” over “Aqua MIX light nourishing cream”. According to the information from manufacturers “Botanical MIX hydrating cream” indeed achieves a higher share of sales. As part of the testing, we also confirmed most of the claims, with which manufacturers advertise both cosmetic products. Through survey research, we gained a lot of information and insight into the key role of sensory analysis in both the development and marketing of cosmetic products.

Zmožnost sporazumevanja je za ljudi ena najpomembnejših veščin in predstavlja temelj za vzpostavljanje odnosov. Skupini oseb z motnjami v duševnem razvoju je ta zmožnost pogosto otežena, zato večina teh posameznikov potrebuje katero izmed oblik nadomestne in dopolnilne komunikacije za vse življenje. V Veliki Britaniji je bil v 70-ih letih prejšnjega stoletja za osebe s težavami na področju jezika in komunikacije razvit jezikovni program Makaton, ki pri podpiranju sporazumevanja kombinira govor s kretnjami, privzetimi iz znakovnega jezika, in/ali simboli. Kot uspešno orodje za podpiranje komunikacijskih veščin je bil prenesen in prilagojen za uporabo v več kot 50 državah po svetu. Makaton slovenskemu prostoru ni znan, zato pomeni naše magistrsko delo izhodišče za seznanjanje z uspešnim pristopom ter spodbuditev k razmisleku o spremembah oziroma možnostih izboljšav na področju jezikovnega spodbujanja oseb z motnjami v duševnem razvoju pri nas. Glavni cilj magistrskega dela je opis in predstavitev jezikovnega programa Makaton. Za ta namen je bila s pomočjo polstrukturiranih intervjujev izvedena kvalitativna raziskava z osmimi posameznicami iz Velike Britanije, ki Makaton redno uporabljajo pri svojem delu ali v domačem okolju. Odgovori intervjuvank so analizirani s pomočjo kodiranja ter interpretirani po področjih, ki se nanašajo na: (1) opis jezikovnega programa Makaton (2) uporabnike Makatona (3) pridobivanje znanj o Makatonu (4) prostor uporabe Makatona (5) vključenost Makatona v izobraževalne ustanove (6) poučevanje in uporabo Makatona v razredu ter (7) sodelovanje izobraževalnih ustanov s starši uporabnikov Makatona. Uporaba Makatona v britanski praksi je v magistrskem delu povezana s cilji in načeli posebnega vzgojno-izobraževalnega programa v Sloveniji. Na podlagi tega je bila ugotovljena smotrnost aplikacije tovrstnega programa za osebe z motnjami v duševnem razvoju pri nas. Po načelih posebnega programa vzgoje in izobraževanja je potrebno vsem posameznikom zagotoviti enake možnosti z upoštevanjem različnosti, stremeti k inkluzivnemu okolju ter spodbujati samostojnost oseb s posebnimi potrebami. Vse to so značilnosti jezikovnega programa Makaton. Zaradi njegove vloge v razvoju govora in jezika, multimodalne narave, fleksibilnosti v kombiniranju z drugimi načini nadomestne in dopolnilne komunikacije ter zaradi možnosti individualizacije menimo, da bi bil lahko ob ustreznih pogojih prilagojen tudi za naš vzgojno-izobraževalni prostor za osebe z motnjami v duševnem razvoju. The ability to communicate is one of the fundamental human skills and the foundation of every relationship. Individuals with severe learning difficulties often find it difficult to interact with others and therefore may require some form of augmentative and alternative communication all their lives. In Great Britain, a language programme – Makaton, was developed in the 1970’s. Makaton improves communication of people with speech and language difficulties by combining signs, taken from sign language, and/or symbols with speech. As an effective method supporting development of communication skills, it has been adapted for use in more than 50 countries. Slovenia is not one of them, therefore it could be a great improvement to introduce Makaton to Slovenian special educational programmes in communication support of children with severe learning disabilities. The main aim of the thesis is to present Makaton and its benefits for children with special needs. Accordingly, a qualitative research was conducted in which 8 female participants, who use Makaton regularly in their daily life at home or at work, were interviewed. Coding was used to analyse the qualitative data gained from the interviews and to interpret established categories: (1) a description of Makaton (2) Makaton users (3) learning (about) Makaton (4) settings in which Makaton is used (5) implementation of Makaton in an educational institution (6) teaching Makaton in a classroom (7) cooperating with parents regarding the use of Makaton. The comparison of the practical use of Makaton, as described in interviews, to objectives and principles of Slovenian special educational programmes, shows the need for a language support programme such as Makaton and the benefits for individuals with learning disabilities in our country. The principles of special education dictate that every individual should have equal possibilities regarding their individual needs, live in an inclusive environment and be supported in their development of independence skills all of which are described as qualities of the Makaton language programme. Because of its significant role in speech and language development, multimodal nature, compatibility with other types of augmentative and alternative communication, as well as its ability to be personalised, we consider it would be, with appropriate adaptation, extremely beneficial for people with severe learning disabilities in Slovenian special educational programmes.

Pri diplomski nalogi se osredotočam na temo sprejemanja, saj menim, da je izrednega pomena, da imajo tako otroci kakor tudi odrasli s posebnimi potrebami dostopne knjige, literaturo in dodatno znanje o vsem, kar jih zanima in navdušuje. V vrtcu vzgojiteljice pri svojem delu najraje uporabljajo pravljice, skozi katere lahko otroke naučijo tudi težje razumljive tematike, ki so v vsakdanjem življenju zelo pomembne na primer smrt, ločitev, posvojitev in tako dalje. Najprej bom predstavila mladinsko književnosti pri nas in v Španiji, predstavila primerjalno književnosti ter podrobneje opisala slikanico in ilustracijo, nato se bom osredotočila na sprejemanje drugačnosti, drugačnost v mladinski književnosti in predstavila posebne potrebe, kako se med seboj razlikujeta kurikuluma in na kratko opisala razvoj govora in jezikovne motnje, ki se pojavljajo najpogosteje. Na koncu bom predstavila založbo Malinc in strategije motiviranja branja. V empiričnem delu pa bom analizirala štiri dela specializirane založbe Malinc, ki obravnavajo tematiko drugačnosti, in sicer Usoa, prišla si kakor ptica (2012), Slon ptičjesrčni, (2013), Družinska skrivnost (2015) in Šlik Šlak (2019). Zanima me, ali so dela primerna za obravnavanje v vrtcu in na kakšen način je drugačnost predstavljana. In my diploma, I will focus on the topic of acceptance, as I believe that it is crucial for children and adults with special needs to have access to the books that interest them. In the kindergarten, workers often use books as it’s simpler to teach children tough topics that are the part of our lives. Firstly I will present youth literature in Slovenia and then in Spain, I will describe the picture book and illustrations in detail, and then I will focus on acceptance of the different, and how this is pictured in the books, present special needs and how the curriculum differs and briefly describe the development of speech and language disorders that occur most often. At the end, I will present the Malinc publishing house and strategies to motivate reading. In the empirical part, I will analyze four works by the specialized publishing house Malinc, which include the theme of difference, namely Usoa, you came as a bird (2012), Slon ptičjesrčni (2013), Družinska skrivnost (2015) and Šlik Šlak (2019). I’m interested, if the books are appropriate for the kindergarten and how the difference is presented.

V diplomski nalogi je predstavljen in dokazan Gödlov izrek o nepopolnosti za Peanovo aritmetiko. To je teorija prvega reda, ki aksiomatizira naravna števila in njihovo aritmetiko. Izrek o nepopolnosti trdi, da Peanova aritmetika ne more biti hkrati popolna in konsistentna. Gödel za dokaz sestavi stavek, ki sam zase pravi, da ni dokazljiv. Ustvari ga s pomočjo Gödlovega kodiranja (povezava med znaki teorije prvega reda in števili) ter diagonalizacije (povezava med formulo in njenim Gödlovim številom). Gödlov stavek sestavlja dvomestna relacija, ki je pravilna natanko tedaj, ko je prvo število Gödlovo število dokaza za diagonalizacijo formule z Gödlovim številom, ki je drugo število. Ker je ta relacija primitivno rekurzivna, je predstavljiva v Peanovi aritmetiki (če je pravilna, je dokazljiva v PA). Torej dokaže, da ne obstaja Gödlovo število dokaza Gödlovega stavka. Ob predpostavki, da je Peanova aritmetika konsistentna, je Gödlov stavek torej pravilen, a nima dokaza. To pomeni, da Peanova aritmetika ni popolna. Gödel's incompleteness theorem for Peano arithmetic is presented and proved in the diploma thesis. It is a first-order theory that axiomatizes natural numbers and their arithmetic. The incompleteness theorem says that Peano arithmetic cannot be both complete and consistent. For proof, Gödel composes a sentence saying that it is unprovable. It is made possible by Gödel's numbering (associating symbols of first-order theory with numbers) and diagonalization (link between the formula and its Gödel number). A Gödel sentence is consisted of a two-place relation that is true if and only if the first number is Gödel's number for proof of diagonalization of formula with Gödel's number that is the second number. Since this relation is primitive recursive, it is capturable in Peano arithmetic (if it is correct PA can prove it). Therefore it proves that there is no Gödel's number for proof of Gödel's sentence. Assuming Peano arithmetic is consistent, Gödel sentence is therefore true, but has no proof. That means Peano arithmetic is not complete.