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Status zaščitene kmetije je poseben pravni status, ki se dodeli kmetijam, ki obsegajo od najmanj 5 do največ 100 ha primerljive kmetijske površine. Osnova za dodelitev statusa je Zakon o dedovanju kmetijskih gospodarstev iz leta 1995. Namen statusa zaščitene kmetije je, da se prevzemniku omogoči prevzem kmetije pod pogoji, ki ga preveč ne obremenjujejo in da se hkrati ohranja ekonomska, socialna in ekološka funkcija kmetije. Glavna značilnost zaščitenih kmetij je, da se z dedovanjem ne smejo fizično deliti. Lastništvo zaščitenih kmetij se spreminja na podlagi dedovanja in različnih pogodb. Tako je mogoče kmetijo predati s prodajno, izročilno, darilno pogodbo, pogodbo o preužitku, pogodbo o dosmrtnem preživljanju ali darilno pogodbo za primer smrti. Z anketiranjem lastnikov in bodočih prevzemnikov smo raziskali lastnosti zaščitenih kmetij in njihovih gospodarjev ter družin, ki tam živijo in kmetije obdelujejo. Ugotovili smo, da po mnenju anketirancev veliko zaščitenih kmetij ne omogoča preživetja niti eni osebi in da je ekonomska sposobnost zaščitene kmetje zelo odvisna od dejavnosti, s katero se ukvarja. Rezultati kažejo na to, da deležniki načeloma podpirajo poseben status zaščitenih kmetij. Glede na analizirano sodno prakso in literaturo sta nujni jasnejša definicija zaščitene kmetije ter smiselno in pravično urejena zaščita fizične in s tem gospodarske celovitosti kmetije kot proizvodne enote. Protected farm status is a special juridical status assigned to farms which comprise a minimum of 5 and maximum of 100 hectares of comparable agricultural area. The basis for granting the status is a 1995 Law on the inheritance of agricultural holdings. The purpose of protected farm status is to enable the acquirer to take over the farm under such conditions that do not burden him too much and to ensure its economic, social and ecological functions. The main characteristic of protected farms is that it may not be physically divided in the case of inheritance. The ownership of protected farm can be transferred by sale, handover, gift contract, contract of subsistence, lifetime maintenance contract, or gift contract in the event of death. With the inquiry of the owners and future acquirers we researched the characteristics of protected farms, their holders and families who live on and cultivate them. We found out that regarding the opinion of respondents a lot of the protected farm do not allow even one person to survive and that the economic capability is very much dependent on the activity of the farm. The results show that the respondents tend to support the special status of the protected farm. In the light of the analysed case law and literature, a clearer definition of the protected farm is necessary, while the protection of the physical and economic integrity of the farm as a production unit should be regulated in a meaningful and fair way.

Ekonomija, zakonodaja in arhitektura sestavljajo širši družbeni prostor. Mesto predstavlja rezultat vseh treh ved, preko mesta lahko spoznamo v kakšnem družbenem prostoru živimo. Oblikovanje novega, drugačnega mesta se lahko zgodi le preko celovite spremembe delovanja vseh treh ved. Magistrska naloga raziskuje možne potenciale začasnega prostora oziroma kulise, ki bi, kot v primeru Potemkinove vasi, prikazovala kako bi mesto lahko izgledalo ali kako bi lahko živeli. Delo obenem raziskuje potenciale presnove obstoječega materiala mesta pri oblikovanju novega mesta. Zato delo mesto razume kot materialno banko. Magistrsko delo preko pozornega opazovanja prostora uvideva spregledane prostore mesta in njegovega materiala. Tako poskuša uvideti resnično in edinstveno identiteto mesta ter jo nadgraditi. Naloga razišče zgodbo o Potemkinovi vasi, kjer preko v njej odkritih tem začasnosti, kulise, mono-materialnosti, razstavljivosti in služnosti, predstavi metode oblikovanja novega mesta preko presnove prostorov ekonomije, zakonodaje in arhitekture. Na obravnavanem območju oblikujem testno mesto, ki ga oblikujem preko zgoraj navedenih metod. Te se tekom dvajsetih let testne gradnje med seboj prepletajo in vzpostavljajo različne vplive in nepričakovane rezultate. Takšen proces prezentira klasičen proces samorazvoja mesta. Novo mesto je preoblikovano staro, kar pomeni, da se obstoječi material mesta presnuje in oblikuje na novo. S tem mesto ohranja svojo materialno identiteto, ki se le nadgradi in prilagodi novim potrebam, zgradbi novega zakonodajnega in novega ekonomskega prostora mesta. Preko vzpostavljene Materialne banke, v kateri se zbira material mesta, se na obravnavanem območju oblikujejo testna polja na katerih se oblikujejo nove fasade in prostori mesta. Novo mesto je začasno mesto, je rezultat eksperimentiranja, oblikovanja in sodelovanja metod ekonomije, zakonodaje in arhitekture. Mesto pokaže kako pomembno je razumevanje prepletenosti vseh dejavnikov (tudi tistih ki ne vidimo) pri oblikovanju mesa in kako pomembno je celovito pristopiti k obnovi mesta ali gradnji novega. Economy, law and architecture make up the wider social space. The city is the result of all three disciplines, and through the city we can learn about the social space we live in. The creation of a new, different city can only happen through a comprehensive change in the way all three disciplines work. The master thesis explores the possible potentials of a temporary space or scenery, which, as in the case of Potemkin's village, would show what a city could look like or how we could live. At the same time, the work explores the potentials of the metabolism of the city's inherited material in the design of a new city. The work therefore understands the city as a material bank. Through close observation of space, the master thesis sees the overlooked spaces of the city and its material. In this way, it attempts to glimpse the true and unique identity of the city and to build upon it. The thesis explores the story of Potemkin Village, presenting methods of creating a new city through the metabolic spaces of economy, law and architecture through the themes of temporarily, scenery, mono-materiality, exhibit-ability and servitude found therein. I design a test city in the area in question, which I shape through the above methods. Over the course of twenty years of test-building, these interact with each other to create different influences and unexpected outcomes. Such a process presages the classical process of the self-development of the city. The new city is the old city transformed, which means that the surrounding material of the city is reassessed and reshaped. In this way, the city retains its material identity, which is only upgraded and adapted to the new needs, the construction of a new legislative and new economic space of the city. Through the established Material Bank, which collects the material of the city, test fields are created in the area in question, on which the new facades and spaces of the city are designed. The new city is a temporary city, it is the result of experimentation, design and the collaboration of the methods of economics, law and architecture. The city shows how important it is to understand the interplay of all factors (even those we cannot see) in the design of the flesh, and how important it is to take a holistic approach to the renewal of a city or the construction of a new one.

Arhitektura uteleša vrednote obdobja, v katerem je zgrajena, ter zrcali in replicira družbene odnose, iz katerih nastane. V magistrskem delu raziskujem, katere vrednote vplivajo na zasnovo arhitekturnega objekta, na kakšen način in s katerimi mehanizmi. V prvem sklopu zaključnega dela analiziram koncept vrednot z družboslovnega vidika – kako jih kategoriziramo, zakaj se pojavljajo in čemu služijo. V drugem sklopu koncept vrednot apliciram na arhitekturo. Z analizo literature in konkretnih arhitekturnih projektov skušam ugotoviti, katere vrednote so v arhitekturi prisotne in kako jih identificirati. Ker neživo nima motivacije in želja, arhitekturni objekt ne more imeti vrednot, lahko pa jih uteleša. Čigave vrednote uteleša arhitektura? Arhitekturni objekt je produkt dejanj živega, na primer arhitekta, ki prostor oblikuje v skladu s svojimi prepričanji in motivacijo. Vsaka odločitev, ki jo sprejme, je povezana z njegovo vrednostno naravnanostjo. Zato je neizbežno, da objekti utelešajo vrednote svojega snovalca. Ker se postopek arhitekturnega ustvarjanja zelo razlikuje glede na to, v katerem merilu se odvija, analiziram vpliv, ki ga ima merilo na utelešenje vrednot v arhitekturi. V zadnjem sklopu magistrskega dela ugotovitve iz teoretičnega dela prikažem z arhitekturnimi grafikami, v katerih se osredotočam na posamezne vrednote in jih obravnavam kot parameter, ki narekuje zasnovo in obliko arhitekturnega objekta. Cilj naloge je, da v obliki analize arhitekturnih objektov in sistemov, iz katerih ti nastanejo, prepoznam in analiziram nevidne vplive, ki usmerjajo sodobno arhitekturno snovanje. Z zavedanjem in prepoznavanjem smernic, ki vplivajo na naše oblikovanje, lahko zgradimo svet, ki je uglašen z vrednotami sodobnega sveta in želene prihodnosti. Architecture embodies values of the time in which it is built, and mirrors and replicates social relations which form it. In my master’s thesis, I investigate which values influence architectural design, in what ways and through which mechanisms. In the first part of the thesis, I analyse the concept of values from a sociological perspective – how they are categorised, why they occur and what purpose they serve. In the second part, I apply the concept of values to architecture. By analysing relevant literature and specific architectural projects, I try to identify which values appear in architecture and how to recognise them. The inanimate cannot have its own values, it can only embody them. So whose values does architecture embody? An architectural object is a product of the actions of the living for example, an architect who designs a space according to their beliefs. It is therefore inevitable that every object embodies values of its designer. Since the process of architectural creation varies greatly according to the scale on which it takes place, I analyse the influence that scale has on the embodiment of values. In the final part of the thesis, I illustrate findings of the theoretical part with architectural graphics, in which I focus on individual values and consider them as a parameter that dictates the design and form of the architectural object. The aim of the thesis is to identify and analyse the invisible influences that guide contemporary architectural design in the form of an analysis of buildings and systems from which they emerge. By being aware of and recognising the forces that influence design, we can build a world that is attuned to values of the contemporary world and the desired future.

Toplotne črpalke se vse pogosteje pojavljajo ob domovih, saj so zaradi uporabe obnovljivih virov varčnejše in oddajajo tudi manj emisij CO2. Poleg tega Eko sklad letno razpiše več subvencij, ki financirajo vse od 25 % do 100 % stroškov postavitve toplotne črpalke, kar je za končnega uporabnika zelo privlačno. Toplotne črpalke na slovenskem trgu morajo biti narejene v skladu s slovenskimi zakoni. Naredili smo pregled slovenske zakonodaje ter evropskih direktiv. Za primerjavo smo preučili še, kako hrup toplotnih črpalk urejata Avstrija in Švica. Po naboru toplotnih črpalk vseh treh tipov smo naredili ekonomsko, energetsko in okoljsko analizo za vsako toplotno črpalko. V ospredje smo postavili toplotne črpalke tipa zrak / voda, ker oddajajo hrup v okolje. Naredili smo tudi pregled možnih rešitev, ki se ponujajo na slovenskem trgu. Za ocenitev najprimernejše in pregled zavedanja smo naredili anketo med splošno populacijo, intervjuje s ponudniki, Inšpektoratom za okolje za okolje in prostor RS in Eko skladom, saj nas je zanimala obravnava hrupa. Na podlagi rezultatov smo s pomočjo programa DEXi ugotavljali primernost vseh toplotnih črpalk, ki smo jih obravnavali v delu. Heat pumps are increasingly appearing next to homes, as they represent a more economical heating technology, because they use renewable sources for energy and, as a result, emit less CO2 emissions. In addition, the Eco Fund annually tenders several subsidies that finance the installation of a heat pump from 25% to 100%, which is very attractive for the end user. Heat pumps on the Slovenian market must be made in accordance with Slovenian laws. We reviewed Slovenian legislation as well as European directives. For comparison, we looked at how Austria and Switzerland regulate the noise of heat pumps. After a set of heat pumps of all three types, we made an economic, energy and environmental analysis for each heat pump. We put air/water type heat pumps in the foreground because they emit noise into the environment. We also made an overview of possible solutions offered on the Slovenian market. In order to assess the most appropriate and check awareness, we conducted a survey among the general population, interviews with providers, the RS inspectorate and Eko sklad, as we were interested in the treatment of noise. Based on the results, with the help of the DEXi decision-making program, we determined the suitability of all the heat pumps that we discussed in the work.

Voda je pomembna in nujna za vsa živa bitja tako za ljudi, kot za živali in rastline, saj jo potrebujemo za razvoj in preživetje. Zato je tudi zelo pomembno, da ustrezno zaščitimo vodne vire. Pomena vode za obstanek življenja se vsak dan bolj zavedamo in naša prizadevanja za ohranitev raznovrstnosti vseh življenskih oblik so pogosto povezana z našim odnosom do vode, ter posledično z ohranitvijo in varovanjem vodnih virov. Mesto Ljubljana ima ugodne naravne pogoje za oskrbo s pitno vodo, saj slovi po bogatih zalogah kakovostne pitne vode. Prav tako pa je zelo pomembno in dragoceno, da iz ljubljanskih pip priteče pitna voda, ki je neobdelana s tehnološkimi postopki. Vodonosnika za oskrbo s pitno vodo za mesto Ljubljana sta Ljubljansko polje in Ljubljansko barje, ki imata pod samim mestom in v njegovi okolici dovolj velike količine podzemne vode. Na območju Ljubljanskega polja imamo osamelec Šmarna gora, kjer se nahajajo trije viri pitne vode: Klešnik, Koštomaj in vrtina Šmarna gora. Za vodni vir »vrtina – Šmarna gora« z okrajšavo vrtina Šg-1/03 še niso bile pripravljene nobene strokovne podlage za varovanje vodnega vira. Da bo tudi v prihodnosti na območju Šmarne gore prisotna kakovostna pitna voda, je treba vodni vir primerno zaščititi in izdelati vodovarstvena območja. Vloga vodovarstvenega območja, ki se deli v najožje, ožje in širše vodovarstveno območje, je predvsem ustrezna zaščita vodnega vira. Z zaščitnimi ukrepi se preprečuje ali pa vsaj zmanjšuje tveganje onesnaževanja vodnega zajetja. Hkrati pa vodovarstveno območje predstavlja tudi omejitve za razvoj številnih drugih dejavnosti. Water is vital for all living things, humans, animals, and plants, because we all need it to survive or grow. Therefore, it is important that we protect our water sources. We are reminded every day how important water is to life. Our attitude toward water and our actions to protect it are closely linked to our efforts to preserve the biodiversity of the environment in which we live. The city of Ljubljana has favourable conditions for water supply and is known for having a large supply of high-quality drinking water. Therefore, it is of great importance and value that tap water is not treated by technical methods. The aquifers near Ljubljana are Ljubljansko polje and Ljubljansko barje. They store large amounts of groundwater under and near the city. In the area of Ljubljansko polje, on the mountain Šmarna gora, there are three sources of drinking water: Klešnik, Koštomaj and the Šmarna gora borehole. The Šmarna gora borehole (abbreviation: Šg -1/03) has not yet been investigated to protect it. To ensure the quality of drinking water in the Šmarna gora area, it is necessary to take appropriate protective measures and designate water protection areas. The task of water protection areas (divided into small, medium, and large areas) is to take appropriate protective measures in each area, thus preventing or reducing the risk of water pollution. At the same time, this water protection area restricts the development of various potentially harmful activities.

Magistrsko delo raziskuje ekonomiko samooskrbe z električno energijo z upoštevanjem sprememb zakonodaje in razmer na trgu. Izvedena je analiza ekonomike investicije v samooskrbne sisteme s fotovoltaično sončno elektrarno in baterijskim hranilnikom energije (BHEE), za katerega so zasnovane tri strategije uporabe. Na podlagi tipičnega letnega vzorca porabe in proizvodnje električne energije je modeliran dejanski odjem samooskrbnega gospodinjstva na 15-minutnem intervalu. Simulirani so trije načini delovanja BHEE v takšnem sistemu. Ekonomika investicij je ovrednotena z analizo denarnih tokov, kjer odhodke predstavljajo stroški investicije, prihodke pa relativni prihranki glede na primer, ko investicija ni izvedena. Smiselnost investicij je ocenjena z izračunom interne stopnje donosa in enostavne ter diskontirane povračilne dobe. Izračuni so izvedeni za obstoječi in novi zakonodajni okvir samooskrbe, obstoječo in prenovljeno metodologijo za obračunavanje omrežnine ter za različne scenarije razvoja cen električne energije. Ugotovljen je velik padec donosnosti investicij v vse vrste samooskrbnih sistemov po spremembi zakonodajnega okvira samooskrbe. Ob sočasni prenovi omrežninskega modela je zaznan dodaten majhen padec donosnosti investicij v samooskrbne sisteme, tudi takšnih, v katere je vključen BHEE. V splošnem višje cene električne energije pomenijo višjo donosnost investicij v samooskrbo. Ekonomika investicij je boljša tudi pri večjih samooskrbnih sistemih. V povezavi s tem so predstavljene možnosti samooskrbe v okviru energetskih skupnosti. This thesis studies the economics of self-generated electrical energy, considering the regulatory and market context. Conducted is an analysis of the economics of investments in self-generation systems, consisting of a photovoltaic solar power plant and a battery energy storage system (BESS), for which three usage strategies are devised. Typical yearly patterns of household electricity consumption and solar power plant generation are used to derive the typical net flow of electricity into and from the electricity grid for each 15-minute interval of a typical year. Cash flow analysis is used to calculate the economics of the investments – the investment costs represent the expenditures, while savings relative to the base case where no investment is made count as earnings. The internal revenue rate and the period of return (discounted and non-discounted) are calculated to evaluate the investments. The calculation is performed for both the existing and the new legal framework for self-generation, for the existing and the revised methodology for network tariffs, and for different electricity price scenarios. Lower profitability of investment into self-generation is observed when the new legal framework is considered. With a concurrent revision of the network tariff model, a further minor reduction of the profitability is noted, which also holds true for investments in systems that include a BESS. In general, higher electricity prices result in greater profitability of investments in self-generation. The economics of investments in self-generation are also better for systems of greater sizes. In this context, the possibilities of self-generation within the framework of energy communities are presented.

Uvod: Živimo v družbi, v kateri se število starejšega prebivalstva povečuje, povečuje pa se tudi število obolelih za kroničnimi nenalezljivimi boleznimi. Življenjska doba ljudi se daljša in z naraščanjem deleža starejšega prebivalstva se povečujejo potrebe po sistemu dolgotrajne oskrbe, ki mora biti učinkovit in finančno vzdržen. Namen: Namen magistrskega dela je ugotoviti stanje na področju zakonske ureditve varstva starejših oseb v Republiki Sloveniji, sekundarni namen raziskave je pridobljene rezultate za Slovenijo primerjati z ugotovitvami mednarodne raziskave in jih tako postaviti v primerjalno sobesedilo. Problemsko polje raziskave obsega razčlenitev in primerjavo zakonske ureditve pravic starejših oseb, hkrati je tudi del širše mednarodne raziskave, ki jo vodi profesor Israel Doron. Metode: V magistrskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom literature. Primarno smo pregledali predpise iz baze pravnih predpisov Pravno–informacijskega sistema Republike Slovenije, ki obsegajo področja zdravstvenega in socialnega varstva ter se nanašajo na pravice starejših oseb. Literatura je bila iskana po ključnih besedah starostnik, elderly, medicinska sestra, nurse, pravice starejših, rights of the elderly, zakonodaja, legislation, diskriminacija starejših, elderly discrimination, skrb za starejše osebe, elderly care, pokojnina, pension v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, MEDLINE, COBISS, Pub Med, EBSCO, Springerlink, Digitalna knjižnica Univerze v Ljubljani, spletne strani SAGE Publications ter Obzornika zdravstvene nege. Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da je dejansko stanje na področju zakonske ureditve področja starejših oseb kompleksno in da sama zakonska ureditev še ne daje vpogleda v to, kako je za to starostno skupino prebivalstva dejansko poskrbljeno. Slovenija po mednarodnem indeksu IOPHRI dosega 20 točk, kar jo uvršča v zgornjo tretjino držav z najboljšim varstvom starejših oseb. Razprava in zaključek: Demografsko staranje populacije je v večini razvitih držav sveta mnogo hitrejše, kot je bilo v preteklosti, kar je posledica podaljševanja pričakovane življenjske dobe in zmanjševanja stopnje rodnosti. Kljub razvitosti in ekonomski stabilnosti držav je kakovost življenja starejših oseb slabša od pričakovane. Introduction: We live in a society where the number of elderly is rising, together with the rising numbers of people with chronic non-contagious diseases. The life expectancy of people is prolonged and by increased numbers of older people the needs for efficient and economically stabile long-term care are becoming more and more important. Purpose: The purpose of the master thesis is to analyze the situation in the area of formal legislation of care for the elderly in Slovenia, whilst the secondary purpose is to compare the results of Slovenia with the results of an international research and by doing so, to set the comparative text. The problem area of the research encompasses the analysis and comparation of formal legislation for older people and is also a part of a wider international research, led by professor Israel Doron. Methods: In the master thesis a descriptive method with a literature review was used. Primarily, the basis of legislation that covers the area of healtcare, social welfare and the rights of older people, in the Legal Information System of the Republic of Slovenia was analysed. The literaturewas searched by using key words, namely elderly, nurse, rights of the elderly, legialsation, elderly discrimination, elderly care and pension in databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, COBISS, Pub Med, EBSCO, Springerlink, the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana, SAGER Publications webpage and Slovenian Nursing review. Results: The results of the research show that the actual situation in the area of elderly legislation is complex and that the legislation itself does not provide the insight into actual care for older people. Slovenia classifies in the top three thirds of countries with the best care for older people by reaching 20 points in the international index IOPHRI. Discussion and conclusion: The demografical ageing of population rises much quicker and more rapidly than in the past in most of the developed countries due to the prolonged life expectancy and decreased fertility. Despite development and economical stability of countries the quality of life of older people is worse than expected.

Prevoz tovora se obravnava kot izredni prevoz, ko je treba po cesti prepeljati tovor, ki s svojimi dimenzijami ali masami sam ali skupaj z vozilom presega zakonsko dovoljene omejitve. Zato je treba izredni prevoz dobro pripraviti in organizirati. Poleg upoštevanja vseh predpisov in zakonodaje, ki ureja področje izrednih prevozov, je treba pri organizaciji in pripravi upoštevati in predvidevati kopico drugih informacij, kot so spremstvo, dovoljenja za opravljanje izrednih prevozov in elementi posameznih prometnih panog. Procese načrtujemo in izvajamo skozi različne tehnološke faze. Gre za procese v fazah priprave, izvedbe in zaključka izrednega prevoza. Po prometnih panogah se procesi razlikujejo, kar je odvisno od infrastrukture, transportnih in manipulativnih sredstev. Razlike so tudi med logističnimi podjetji, ki izredne prevoze organizirajo. Extraordinary transport is considered as extraordinary transport, when it is necessary to transport cargo by road, which, with its dimensions or mass alone or together with the vehicle, exceeds the legally permitted limits. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare and organize extraordinary transport well. In addition to complying with all regulations and legislation governing the field of extraordinary transport, it is necessary to take into account and anticipate a sea of information during the organization and preparation, such as escorts, permits for the provision of extraordinary transport and elements of individual transport branches, which are condensed through a process called technological phases. These phases include the preparation phase, the execution phase and the transportation completion phase. The processes differ according to the transport industry, which depends on the infrastructure, transport and manipulative means. There are also differences between logistics companies that organize emergency transports.

Evropski parlament in Svet sta 16. aprila 2014 sprejela/potrdila Direktivo 2014/55/EU o elektronskem izdajanju računov. Direktiva poziva k opredelitvi skupnega evropskega standarda o elektronskem izdajanju računov (EN 16931). Direktiva o izdajanju računov določa, da je treba papirni račun in elektronski račun obravnavati enako, dokler je izdajatelju zagotovljena pristnost njegovega izvora, celovitost njegove vsebine in berljivost od datuma izdaje in dokler je račun ohranil. Direktiva 2014/55/EU temelji na implementaciji e-računov v javnem in zasebnem sektorju in je v poslovanje na ravni javne uprave in zasebnega gospodarstva prinesla tako koristi kot izzive. Namen magistrskega dela je bilo analizirati koristi obvezne uporabe e-računov v javnem sektorju. Problem, ki se je obravnaval skozi delo, temelji na upravičenosti oziroma dosegu cilja, ki naj bi ga prispevala Direktiva 2014/55/EU. V magistrskem delu smo analizirali koristi uporabe e-računov pri izvajanju Direktive 2014/55/ EU v Sloveniji in izbranih evropskih državah. Za namen pristnosti in poglobljenih podatkov se je izvedla analiza podatkov uporabe e-računov v izbranih državah, ki so javno dostopni na spletni strani CEF Digital Connecting Europe. Poleg tega se je v spletnem programu 1ka izvedla anketa, v kateri je sodelovalo 150 oseb. Analiza je pokazala, da anketirancem največje težave pri poslovanju z e-računi predstavljajo tehnološke ovire, medtem ko tveganja izgube delovnega mesta zaradi tehnološkega napredka ne zaznavajo kot grožnjo. Podatki uporabe e-računov v izbranih državah pa kažejo, da tako Slovenija kot izbrane države zaznajo zmanjšano porabo papirja, boljšo preglednost nad e-računi, boljše upoštevanje zakonodaje ter manjše število zlorab in nepooblaščenih vpogledov. On 16 April 2014, the European Parliament and the Council adopted/approved Directive 2014/55 / EU on electronic invoicing. The Directive calls for the definition of a common European standard on electronic invoicing (EN 16931). Furthermore, the Invoicing Directive stipulates that paper and electronic invoices must be treated in the same way as long as the issuer is guaranteed the authenticity of its origin, the integrity of its content and readability from the date of issue and as long as the invoice is maintained. Directive 2014/55 / EU is based on the implementation of e-invoices in the public and private sectors and has brought both benefits and challenges to operations at the level of public administration and the private economy. The purpose of the master's thesis was to analyze the benefits of mandatory use of e-invoices in the public sector. The problem addressed through the work is based on the justification or achievement of the goal that Directive 2014/55 / EU is supposed to contribute. In the master's thesis, we analyzed the benefits of using e-invoices in implementing Directive 2014/55 / EU in Slovenia and selected European countries. An analysis of e-invoice usage data in selected countries, which is publicly available on the CEF Digital Connecting Europe website, was conducted for authenticity and in-depth data. In addition, a survey in the 1ka online program, in which 150 people participated, was carried out. The analysis showed that technological barriers are the most significant difficulties in the e-invoice business. At the same time, the respondents do not perceive the risk of job loss due to technological progress as a threat. Slovenia and selected countries see the advantages of doing business: reduced paper consumption, better transparency over e-invoices, better compliance with the law, fewer abuses and unauthorized access.

Kljub velikim prizadevanjem na področju urejanja statusa probiotikov in drugih izdelkov, ki vsebujejo namerno dodane žive mikroorganizme, na svetovni ravni zakonodaja še ni usklajena. Večina držav še vedno po svoje ureja trženje probiotičnih izdelkov, kar vodi v manjše zaupanje in nezadostno informiranost potrošnikov ter omejuje mednarodno trgovino, ponudba različnih izdelkov z dodanimi živimi bakterijami pa se nenehno povečuje. Največ probiotikov najdemo v živilih in prehranskih dopolnilih, ki jih je nesmiselno regulirati po istih kriterijih in smernicah kot zdravila. Mednarodne organizacije, kot so Organizacija Združenih narodov za prehrano in kmetijstvo (FAO), Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) in Mednarodno znanstveno združenje za probiotike in prebiotike (ISAPP), skušajo uveljaviti splošne in na dokazih podprte smernice za zagotavljanje kakovosti ter označevanje izdelkov, po katerih bi se lahko ravnale vse države. Težavo pri tem predstavlja kompleksnost mehanizmov delovanja probiotikov in slabša dostopnost novejših metod za karakterizacijo in zagotavljanje varnosti mikroorganizmov v državah v razvoju. Poleg tega si tudi mednarodne smernice nekatere države lahko razlagajo po svoje, kar danes opažamo v Evropski uniji. Za vzpostavitev zadovoljivega stanja na tem področju bo potrebno še boljše razumevanje delovanja probiotikov, več kakovostnih kliničnih študij in sodelovanje regulatornih organov različnih držav. Despite major efforts to regulate the status of probiotics and other products containing intentionally added live microorganisms, legislation is not yet harmonised at a global level. Most countries still regulate the marketing of probiotic products in their own way, leading to lower consumer confidence, lack of information and restricting international trade, all while the range of available products with added live bacteria is continuously increasing. Most probiotics are found in foods and dietary supplements, therefore it does not make sense to regulate these products according to the same criteria and guidelines as medicines. International organisations such as the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) are trying to establish general and evidence-based guidelines for quality assurance and product labelling that all countries can follow. This is hampered by the complexity of the mechanisms of action observed in probiotics and poorer availability of newer methods to characterise and ensure the safety of microorganisms in developing countries. In addition, international guidelines are open to interpretation by some countries, as we are seeing today in the European Union. A better understanding of how probiotics work, more high quality clinical studies and cooperation between regulatory authorities in different countries will be needed to achieve a satisfactory state of affairs in this field.

V svojem diplomskem delu sem raziskoval prikrita delovna razmerja. V raziskovalnem delu diplomske naloge me je zanimalo kakšen je pogled države, v mojem primeru je bil to pogled inšpekcije dela in kakšen je pogled sindikatov na prikrita delovna razmerja. Kakšne so njihove izkušnje z delodajalci, njihovo medsebojno sodelovanje, njihove izkušnje s sodiščem, ter kakšne bi bile možne rešitve, da bi zmanjšali število prikritih delovnih razmerij v prihodnje. V teoretičnem delu sem opredelil delovno razmerje. Nato sem opredelil prikrito delovno razmerje, kjer sem dal poudarek na definiranju prikritega delovnega razmerja in pravicah delavca. Opisal sem značilnosti pogodbenih razmerij in se na koncu posvetil še sodni praksi na področju prikritih delovnih razmerij, kjer sem se osredotočil predvsem na inšpekcijo dela. V empiričnem delu sem predstavil pridobljene rezultate. Moja raziskava je bila kvalitativna, izvedena na neslučajnostnem, priročnem vzorcu. V njem sta sodelovala 2 predstavnika sindikata, inšpektor dela in odgovor Inšpektorata za delo. Ugotovil sem, da bi se prikrita delovna razmerja uspešno začelo reševati, ko bo imela država interes, da se to uredi. Potrebno bi bilo povečati število inšpektorjev za delo, saj jih je trenutno veliko premalo. Delavce bi bilo potrebno preko javnih objav, plakatov, medijev itd. ozaveščati o njihovih pravicah in jih spodbujati, da se pridružijo sindikatom ali drugim organizacijam, ki se ukvarjajo s prekarstvom. Pri sindikatih imamo težavo, da ne sledijo toku časa in se ne prilagajajo trenutni situaciji, je pa reševanje posameznega primera odvisno od angažiranosti sindikalista. Delavci se bojijo prijaviti prikrito delovno razmerje, ker so ustrahovani, se bojijo neuspeha, so stroški pred sodiščem previsoki in samo reševanje primera traja predolgo. Vsi intervjuvanci poudarjajo, da je dokazovanje prikritih delovnih razmerij težko, ker je potrebnih preveč nepotrebnih postopkov in so v zakonodaji pomanjkljivosti, ki bi jih bilo potrebno odpraviti. In my dissertation, I researched disguised employment relationships. In the research part of my dissertation, I was interested in the state's view, in my case it was the labor inspectorate's view, and the trade unions' view of disguised employment relationships. What is their experience with employers, their mutual cooperation, their experience with the court, and what would be possible solutions to reduce the number of hidden employment relationships in the future. In the theoretical part, I defined the employment relationship. Then I defined a disguised employment relationship, where I emphasized the definition of a disguised employment relationship and employee rights. I described the characteristics of contractual relationships and finally focused on the case law in the field of disguised employment relationships, where I focused mainly on labor inspection. In the empirical part I presented the obtained results. My research was qualitative, conducted on a non-random, handy sample. It was attended by two representatives of the union, the labor inspector and the response of the Labor Inspectorate. I have found that disguised employment relationships would be successfully resolved once the state has an interest in settling this. The number of labor inspectors should be increased, as there are currently far too few. Workers would be needed through public announcements, posters, media, etc. raise awareness of their rights and encourage them to join trade unions or other precarious organizations. We have a problem with trade unions that they do not follow the flow of time and do not adapt to the current situation, but the resolution of an individual case depends on the involvement of the trade unionist. Workers are afraid to report a disguised employment relationship because they are intimidated, they are afraid of failure, the costs in court are too high and the resolution of the case itself takes too long. All interviewees point out that proving disguised employment relationships is difficult because too many unnecessary procedures are needed and there are shortcomings in the legislation that need to be addressed.

Nasilje nad ženskimi v državah v razvoju, kjer neenakost med spoloma ostaja močno prisotna, ostaja pereč problem. Ena izmed teh držav je tudi Mehika, ki jo obravnavam v svojem diplomskem delu. Najbolj ekstremna oblika nasilja nad ženskami je femicid, natančneje spolno zaznamovan umor ženske. Ženske v Mehiki so pogostokrat žrtve femicida, predvsem zaradi družbenih in geografskih specifik. V diplomskem delu obravnavam definicije nasilja nad ženskami ter definicije femicida. V nadaljevanju obravnavam položaj žensk v Mehiki in kako ta vpliva na stopnjo femicida. V osrednjem delu diplomske naloge obravnavam statistične podatke, ki kažejo na prisotnost femicida v Mehiki in v posameznih zveznih državah Mehike. V končnem delu naloge pa analiziram zakonodajo, ki ščiti ženske pred nasiljem, in njeno izvajanje v praksi. Femicid je v Mehiki tako močno prisoten predvsem zaradi skorumpiranosti sodnih in kazenskih organov. Boj proti femicidu traja že vrsto let in bo prisoten še naprej, če država ne bo sprejela drastičnih ukrepov za ustavitev tega fenomena. Violence against women in developing countries, where gender inequality remains strongly present, is still a pressing problem. In my thesis, I deal with one of these countries – Mexico. The most extreme form of violence against women is femicide, more specifically, gender related killing of a woman. Women in Mexico are often victims of femicide – mainly because of the social and geographical specifics. In my thesis, I address the definitions of violence against women and the definitions of femicide. I then discuss the situation of women in Mexico and how it affects the level of femicide. In the main part of the thesis, I deal with the statistics that show the presence of femicide in Mexico and in the different states of Mexico. In the final part of the thesis, I analyse the legislation that protects women from violence and its implementation in practice. Femicide is so widespread in Mexico mainly because of the corruption of the judicial and criminal authorities. The fight against femicide has been going on for many years and will remain present unless the state takes drastic measures to stop this phenomenon.