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Namen diplomskega projekta je predstaviti prednosti, ki jih prinaša gnojenje z živinskimi gnojili in vpliv, ki ga ima na rodovitnost zemlje ter opozoriti na posledice, če uporaba gnojil ni v skladu z zakonodajo in potrebami rastlin. Pravilna uporaba živinskih gnojil pripomore k boljši strukturi tal (boljše zadrževanje vlage, zračnost), k boljši ekonomičnosti na kmetijskem gospodarstvu in manjšemu izpiranju dušika v okolje. V primeru neupoštevanja zakonodaje, ki temelji na spoznanjih okoljevarstvene stroke, pa okolje obremenjuje tako gnojenje z živinskimi kot gnojenje z mineralnimi gnojili. Bremenijo ga toplogredni plini, izpiranje dušika in fosforja v površinske vode, kar povzroča evtrofikacijo. Izpiranje v podtalnico vpliva na človekovo zdravje, v najslabšem primeru človek zboli za methemoglobinemijo ali rakom. Zato je še posebej pomembno, da se gnojila v prvi fazi pravilno skladišči, nato, glede na potrebe pridelovalnih površin, ustrezno uporabi in presežke ustrezno predela ali proda. The purpose of this B. Sc. Thesis is to present the benefits of fertilizing with animal manure and the impact it has on the fertility of the soil and to warn to the consequences if the use of fertilizers is not in accordance with the legislation and the needs of plants. Proper use can contribute to better soil structure (better moisture retention, aeration), to better economy in the agricultural sector and less susceptible to leaching of nitrogen into the environment. In the case of failure to comply with the legislation which based on the knowledge of environmental protection, the environment burdens as fertilization with animal manure as fertilization with mineral fertilizers. It is burdened with greenhouse gases, leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus into surface water, which causes eutrophication. Leaching to groundwater impact on human health, in the worst case, a person is diagnosed with methemoglobinemia or cancer. Therefore, it is especially important that the fertilizers are primarily stored properly, then, according to the needs of the production areas, proper used and surpluses are properly processed or sold.

Načrtno gnojenje krompirja na podlagi analiz postaja edina priporočena praksa. Na posestvu UKC Pohorski dvor Maribor smo izvedli enoletni poskus po naključnem bloku v štirih ponovitvah. Poskus je vključeval pet sort krompirja 'Carlingford', 'Frisia', 'Desiree', 'Romano' in 'Cvetnik' in tri različne ciljne vrednosti dušika: 133, 153 in 173 kg N ha-1. Za kontrolno obravnavanje smo pri vsaki sorti uporabili obravnavanje brez dodanega dušika (0 kg N ha-1). Med rastno dobo krompirja je bil analiziran indeks listne površine, višina rastline in število stebel na posameznem obravnavanju. Ob spravilu smo pridelek gomoljev stehtali in sortirali po debelini na drobne, srednje debele in debele gomolje. Ciljna vrednost 173 kg N ha-1 ima statistično značilen vpliv na pridelek krompirja (31,0 kg 10 m-2), med posameznimi ciljnimi vrednostmi N pa ni razlik (obravnavanje 133 in 153 N, pridelek 25,4 in 24,6 kg 10 m-2 ). Pri morfoloških lastnostih je največji indeks listne površine dosežen pri obravnavanju 173 kg N ha-1 (2,7). Na višino rastlin in število stebel imata sorti in ciljne vrednosti statistično značilen vpliv. Največja višina je dosežena pri sorti 'Carlingford' (64,3 cm) in pri obravnavanju 153 kg N ha-1 (58,1cm), največje število stebel pa pri sorti 'Desiree' (4,9) in pri obravnavanju 173 kg N ha-1 (5,0). Systematic fertilization of potato on the basis of analysis becomes the only recommended practice. We performed an one-year experiment in randomized block system with four repetitions at the estate of the University of Agriculture Centre Pohorski dvor (UKC). The experiment included five varieties of potatoes: 'Carlingford', 'Frisia', 'Desiree', 'Romano' and 'Cvetnik' and three different target levels of nitrogen in the soil: 133, 153, 173 kg N ha-1. For the control treatment no nitrogen was added to the soil for each individual variety (0 kg N ha-1). During the growing season of potatoes, we analyzed the leaf area index, plant height and the number of stems in a particular test area. At harvest, the tuber crops were weigted and sorted according to the thickness into small, medium, and large tubers. The target value of 173 kg N ha-1 had a significant impact on the potato yield (31.0 kg 10 m-2), while there was no difference between the target values of treatment 133 N and 153 N, which resulted in the yield of 25,4 and 24,6 kg 10 m-2. In the morphological characteristics, the largest leaf area index is achieved in the treatment of 173 kg N ha-1 (2.7). The variety and the target value have had a significant impact on the plant height and the number of stems. The maximum height was achieved in the variety 'Carlingford' (64.3cm) and by applying the treatment of 153 kg N ha-1(58.1), the largest number of stems was achieved in the 'Desiree' variety (4.9) and by applying the treatment of 173 kg N ha-1 (5.0).