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V diplomskem delu smo opisali različne načine zatiranja peronospore vinske trte (Plasmopara viticola) v integrirani, ekološki in biodinamični pridelavi grozdja. Peronospora povzroča veliko gospodarsko škodo v vinogradništvu, saj ko je leto ugodno za razvoj peronospore, le-ta ob nepravilnem zatiranju popolnoma uniči pridelek. V preteklosti in še vedno danes, se predvsem v ekološki pridelavi, se zoper peronosporo uporablja bakrove fungicide. Baker se kot težka kovina kopiči v tleh, kar ima negativne vplive na okolje. V integrirani pridelavi se kot bakrena pripravka lahko uporabljata Cuprablau Z35 WP in Cuprablau Z35 WG, v biodinamični pridelavi pa peronosporo zatirajo z različnimi pripravki označenimi z številkami od 500 do 508. Zaradi vedno večjega zavedanja o onesnaževanju okolja se trudimo, da bi vsebnost bakra v okolju zmanjšali. Znanstveniki iščejo rešitve v drugih pripravkih, ki ne vsebujejo bakra ali pa je ta v manjši količini. Iz različnih rastlin pridobivajo ekstrakte, katerih učinkovitost preizkušajo na trti. Nekatere tovrstne pripravke že poskušajo v ekološki, še posebej pa v biodinamični pridelavi. Poskusi potekajo tudi z mikroorganizmi in z gojenjem tolerantnih sort vinske trte. Zato se v prihodnosti pričakuje, da bomo na splošno uporabljali manj fitofarmacevtskih sredstev, predvsem bakrenih, veliko upanja se polaga tudi v nove tolerantne sorte. In the degree thesis, we describe different managements for the control of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) according to integrated, ecological and biodynamic production. Downy mildew causes great economic damage in viticulture, especially in the vintages with suitable conditions for the fungi, when it can damage the entire yield, if it is not treated correctly. In the past and still nowadays, especially in the ecological viticulture, the copper fungicides are used against downy mildew. Copper, as a heavy metal, accumulates in soil causing negative impact on the environment. In the integrated pest management, the copper fungicides Cuprablau Z35 WP and Cuprablau Z35 WG are used mostly, while in the biodynamic production the downy mildew control is conducted with various preparations marked with numbers from 500 to 508. Due to the knowledge regarding the negative impact of copper to the environment, we are trying to reduce the use of copper. Scientists are trying to find a new mixture without or with limited quantities of copper. From various plants they obtain extracts which efficiency is tested on vines. Different plant extracts are already used in ecological, but especially in biodynamic viticulture. Studies are conducted also with the microorganisms and on growing of tolerant grapevine varieties. In the next future, the use of pesticides, especially those with copper, will be minor and great efforts are given to tolerant varieties.

Hmelj (Humulus lupulus L.) je trajnica, ovijalka in dvodomna rastlinska vrsta, kar pomeni, da na eni rastlini najdemo le moške ali le ženske cvetove. Ženska socvetja, storžki so zaradi specifične kemijske sestave nepogrešljivi v pivovarski industriji. Moške rastline uporabljajo le pri žlahtnjenju. V diplomskem delu je prikazan del žlahtniteljskega programa Inštituta za hmeljarstvo in pivovarstvo Slovenije oz. selekcija sejančkov hmelja s povečano odpornostjo na hmeljevo pepelovko (Podosphaera macularis) in hmeljevo peronosporo (Pseudoperonospora humuli) v rastlinjaku iz 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2016 in 2018. V statistično raziskavo je bilo vključenih 140.877 sejančkov, potomcev več kot 1000 različnih kombinacij križanj. Moški genotipi so ključnega pomena za doseganje zadovoljivega števila potomcev in zaželene stopnje odpornosti preživelih sejančkov. Križanja kultiviranih ženskih komponent z divjimi moškimi genotipi so, v primerjavi s kultiviranimi moškimi genotipi, manj perspektivna. Raziskava kaže, da je stopnja odpornosti na omenjeni bolezni odvisna od obeh starševskih komponent: materne in očetne. V raziskavi smo izpostavili tudi nekaj superiornih maternih in očetnih komponent ter 55 najboljših kombinacij križanj, kar bi lahko predstavljalo zelo koristno in praktično informacijo za nadaljnje načrtovanje križanj hmelja s ciljem oblikovanja odpornih sort na hmeljevo pepelovko in hmeljevo peronosporo. Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial, climbing, dioecious plant species, meaning that male and female blossoms are found on separate plants. Female inflorescences (cones) are, because of their specific chemical composition, indispensable in the brewing industry. Male plants are used only for breeding purposes. In the thesis, a part of a breeding programme at the Slovenian Institute of Hop Reseach and Brewing is presented, namely the selection of hop seedlings in a greenhouse associated with testing the resistance to powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis) and downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) in the years 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2016 and 2018. In the statistical evaluation, 140.877 hop seedlings were included: the offspring individuals derived from more than 1000 different crosses. The male genotypes are crucial for achieving a satisfactory number of offspring genotypes and a desired level of resistance, enabling the survival of seedlings. Crossings of cultivated female components with wild male genotypes are less perspective when compared to the cultivated male genotypes. The research shows that the degree of resistance to the aforementioned diseases depends on both parental components: maternal and paternal. As a result of the research, some superior female and male parental genotypes were exposed, together with 55 most promising hybrid combinations, which could be highly valuable information for further practical work associated with the developing of new hop varieties resistant to powdery and downy mildews.