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Na bazi ESP32 mikrokontrolerja je bil izdelan sistem avtomatskega zalivanja z beleženjem podatkov v spletni podatkovni bazi. Sistem je sestavljen iz glavnega mikrokontrolerja, ki skrbi za komunikacijo med ostalimi mikrokontrolerji in spletno podatkovno bazo. Komunikacija med glavnim mikrokontrolerjem in ostalimi poteka v času seznanjanja preko protokola BLE, nato pa se vsa komunikacija vrši preko protokola esp-now. Izdelana je bila tudi spletna stran, preko katere uporabnik spremlja podatke mikrokontrolerjev, dodaja nove mikrokontrolerje v omrežje in spreminja nastavitve. Based on the ESP32 microcontroller, an automatic watering system was created with data recording in an online database. The system consists of the main microcontroller, which takes care of the communication between other microcontrollers and the online database. Communication between the main microcontroller and others uses BLE protocol during pairing, after that all communication is done with the esp-now protocol. A website was also created, through which the user can monitor microcontroller data, add new microcontrollers to the network and change settings.

Kot del relativno novega področja je komunikacija z napravami IoT še vedno odprta tema. Glavna pomanjkljivost dosedanjih rešitev je fragmentacija in kompleksnost uporabe. Za projekte manjšega obsega zato postane problem odkrivanja naprav in komunikacije med napravami precej velika ovira. Da bi jo presegli, smo razvili protokol MultiCom in množico knjižnic, ki omogočajo celovito in preprosto rešitev za komunikacijo mobilne naprave z napravami IoT. Rešitev smo preizkusili tudi z vključitvijo v obstoječi projekt izdelave mobilne aplikacije za upravljanje pametnih infrardečih grelcev. As part of a relatively new field, the problem of communication with IoT devices remains an open question. The main disadvantage of current solutions is the fragmentation and complex usage. For smaller projects, the problem of device discovery and communication between devices becomes a relatively big burden. To overcome it, we have developed the protocol MultiCom and a set of libraries, enabling a complete and simple solution for a mobile device to communicate with IoT devices. We have set ourselves a goal of solving this problem with a protocol and a set of libraries that simplify the communication of a mobile device with an IoT device. We tested the solution by including it in an existing project of developing an application to manage smart infrared heaters.

Bluetooth Mesh je tehnologija, ki je namenjena predvsem uporabi v industriji in v storitvah Interneta stvari. Razvita je bila šele pred nekaj leti, kar pomeni, da še ni tako uveljavljena. Poleg tega na spletu ni dostopnih veliko podatkov o njeni zanesljivosti, učinkovitosti in zmogljivosti. V diplomskem delu sem najprej opisal tehnologiji Bluetooth Mesh in Bluetooth Low Energy, na katerem sloni arhitektura Mesha. Obe temeljita na večplastni arhitekturi, vse plasti so v diplomskem delu tudi podrobno razložene. Končni cilj naloge je bil izvedba testov v omrežju Mesh s pomočjo modulov ESP-32, s pomočjo katerih sem analiziral zmogljivost in skalabilnost omrežja Mesh. Bluetooth Mesh is a technology intended for usage in the industry and IoT services. As it is a relatively new product and still in the process of growing and developing, not a lot of information and data about its performance and reliability can be found on the internet. In this thesis Bluetooth Mesh and its based technology Bluetooth Low Energy are described thoroughly. I presented the multilayered architecture, its protocol data units and the way packets are exchanged between different nodes in the network of both the technologies. The final goal of this thesis was to conduct a series of different tests with ESP-32 modules in order to test and analyse the performance and scalability of Bluetooth Mesh network.

Diplomsko delo opisuje razvoj komunikacijskega vmesnika med vodilom RS-485 in tehnologijo BLE za lažje testiranje električnih števcev podjetja Iskraemeco. Uporaba vmesnika bo omogočala, da je električni števec od računalnika oddaljen dlje, kot bi mu to omogočala dolžina kabla. V prvem poglavju je predstavljen električni števec in vodilo RS-485, v drugem poglavju je opisana komunikacija BLE, RS-485 in protokol HDLC, nato pa je opisana predelava programske predloge za mikrokrmilnik Nordic nRF52832, izbira in impedančna prilagoditev antene za BLE, zasnova ter risanje tiskanega vezja s programom Altium. Na koncu so predstavljeni rezultati in delovanje komunikacijskega vmesnika. The thesis addresses development of a communication adapter between RS-485 bus and BLE technology for easier testing of electric meter. Communication adapter will allow electric meter to be situated at a distance from the computer greater than the cable length. The first chapter presents the electric meter and RS-485 bus, the second chapter describes the BLE, RS-485 and HDLC protocol. Then follows the description of modifying the firmware template for microcontroller Nordic nRF52832, selection and impedance matching of the antenna for BLE, designing and drawing a printed circuit board with program Altium. Operating results of the communication adapter are presented at the end of the thesis.

Diplomsko delo zajema razvoj naprave za testiranje združljivosti pametnega števca električne energije z novim komunikacijskim modulom Silver Spring Networks NIC 510. Naprava omogoča lažje izvajanje testov in nadzor nad njimi. V prvem delu so navedene in krajše opisane telekomunikacijske tehnologije uporabljene na pametnih števcih podjetja IskraEmeco, d.d., in naši testni napravi. Poudarek je na brezžični tehnologiji BLE in serijski komunikaciji UART, ki se uporabljata za komunikacijo med testno napravo in zunanjo napravo, ter mikrokrmilnikom STM32 in modulom BLE HM-10. V glavnem delu je opisana strojna in programska oprema testne naprave. Začetek, zaradi lažjega razumevanja bralca tvori opis sklopa testov, ki jim je vezje namenjeno. Jedro tvori opis razvoja strojne opreme, da le ta deluje soodvisno kot ena naprava. Sledi opis razvoja programske opreme, ki v kombinaciji z mikrokrmilnikom, krmili strojno opremo tako, da vezje izbrani test izvede avtomatsko. Kot dodatek glavnemu delu je opisan postopek upravljanja z vezjem. Meritve, s katerimi smo preverili zahteve za delovanje, ki jih mora vezje zadostiti, so opisane v zadnjem delu diplomskega dela. Testi za uspešno verifikacijo združljivosti so točno predpisani, zato je glavna zahteva, da vezje teste natično posnema. Prav tako mora glavno napajanje zadostiti dejanski napetosti in toku vezja. Delovanje testne naprave smo preizkusili in izpolnjuje v uvodu zastavljene zahteve. Graduate thesis covers the development of a device for testing the compatibility of smart electricity meter with the new Silver Spring Network NIC 510 communication module. The device makes it easier to carry out tests and control them. In the first part, are listed and short described telecommunication technologies that are used on the smart meters of IskraEmeco, d.d., and my test circuit. The focus is on wireless technology BLE and serial communication UART used for communication between the test circuit and the external device, and the microcontroller STM32 and module BLE HM-10. The main part describes the hardware and software of the test device. The beginning to facilitate the understanding of the reader forms a description of the set of tests for which the device is intended. The core forms a description of the development of hardware, so that it works interdependently as one device. The following is a description of software development, which, in combination with a microcontroller, controls the hardware so that the device performs the selected test automatically. As an addition to the main part, a process for managing the device is described so that the reader gets a sense of use in reality. Evaluations with which we checked the performance requirements that the device must satisfy are described in the final part of the diploma paper. Tests, in order to successfully verify compatibility, are strictly prescribed, so the main requirement is that the device replicates the test patterns identically. Also, the main power supply must satisfy the actual device voltage and current. The operation of the test device was tested and it satisfies the requirements that were set in the introduction.

Bluetooth Low Energy je ena izmed bolj popularnih tehnologij, ki se uporablja za implementacijo komunikacije manjših elektronskih naprav. Zaradi delovanja v frekvenčno zelo zasedenem območju pa je izpostavljen mnogim motnjam. Diplomsko delo se osredotoča na vpliv motenj Wi-Fi na komunikacijo BLE naprav. S praktičnimi poskusi želimo prikazati načine izmikanja motnjam ter analizirati uspešnost komunikacije ob prisotnosti motenj. Ugotovili smo, da motnje vplivajo na oglaševalske kanale le v neposredni bližini BLE naprav. Ob vzpostavljeni BLE komunikaciji je vpliv motenj na enem Wi-Fi kanalu majhen, saj napravi uporabljata mehanizem skakanja med kanali, ki skoraj izniči njihov vpliv. Ob motnjah na celotnem frekvenčnem spektru ostaneta dva kanala, ki sta vedno zadnja dva podatkovna kanala. Bluetooth Low Energy is one of the most popular technologies used by small electronic devices for wireless communication. Because it operates in an overcrowded frequency band it is exposed to a lot of interferences. This thesis focuses on the influence of Wi-Fi interferences on the communication of BLE devices. With practical experiments, we want to show different ways of countering interferences and analyze how successful BLE communication is. We found out, that interferences have an effect on advertising channels only in close proximity. When a BLE communication is established, Wi-Fi traffic on one Wi-Fi channel has little effect on the success rate of packets, as BLE uses a frequency hopping method, which almost completely negates any effect. When there is Wi-Fi traffic on the whole BLE frequency band only two channels remain, which are always the last two data channels.

V diplomskem delu je opisan postopek izbiranja komponent in razvoja programske kode za napravo Roadside Unit (RSU), ki je last družbe SES – Société Européenne des Satellites (evropska družba za satelite). RSU je elektronska naprava, ki z uporabo najsodobnejših tehnologij brezžično povezuje vozila in okolico. V uvodnem delu sta opisani ideja projekta in raziskava najsodobnejših tehnologij, ki so bile uporabljene v projektu. Opisan je tudi standard ITS-G5, ki se mora upoštevati pri izdelavi naprav za ITS. Nato sledita obrazložitev in opis vseh izbranih komponent naprave RSU in implementacije celotnega sistema. V nadaljevanju sta opisana namestitev vseh programskih komponent in razvoj programske kode za RSU. Sledi še prikaz delovanja naprave RSU in celotnega sistema. V zaključku je navedenih nekaj idej za možno nadgradnjo sistema. The thesis describes the process of selecting components and developing a code for the Roadside Unit (RSU) owned by SES – Société Européenne des Satellites. RSU is an electronic device that wirelessly connects vehicles and their surroundings using state-of-the-art technologies. The introductory part describes the idea of the project and the study of state-of-the-art technologies used in the project. The ITS-G5 standard is also described, which must be taken into account in the production of ITS devices. Then the explanation and description of all selected RSU components and the implementation of the entire system follows. We continue with the description of the installation of all programme components and the description of the RSU code development. This is followed by the demonstration of the RSU device and the entire system in action. In conclusion, there are some ideas for possible upgrades of the system.

V okviru naloge smo izdelali mobilno aplikacijo za pregled nad stanjem brezžičnih senzorjev. Uporabili smo brezžično senzorsko omrežje, razvito na Institutu sn{Jožef Stefan}. Brezžične senzorje smo nadgradili z možnostjo merjenja vlage. Med nadgradnjo smo opazili nekaj pomanjkljivosti v vgrajeni programski opremi in jih odpravili. Razvili smo programsko platformo za Raspberry Pi, ki podatke prejme iz senzorskega omrežja in jih shrani v lokalno podatkovno zbirko. Platforma podatke na mobilne naprave posreduje preko spletnega programskega vmesnika API. Mobilno aplikacijo smo razvili v okolju Android Studio. Aplikacija omogoča prikaz tlorisa stavbe obogatenega z barvami, ki predstavljajo temperaturo ali vlago. V aplikacijo smo tudi vgradili možnost ogleda zgodovinskih podatkov s prikazom v grafu. Strežnik smo povezali v internet in mobilno aplikacijo preizkusili na mobilni napravi. This thesis presents the process of creating a mobile application for viewing wireless sensor data. We have used an existing wireless sensor network, developed at "Jožef Stefan" institute. The sensor network nodes were upgraded to also measure relative humidity. During the upgrade we noticed a number of bugs in the firmware and fixed them. We developed a Raspberry Pi platform which parses the data from the sensor network into a local database. The platform also serves the data using a web API. The mobile application was developed using Android studio. The application displays the sensors on a floor plan with colors representing the temperature or humidity. The application also displays graphs for viewing historical data. The platform was connected to the internet and tested on a mobile device.

Cilj diplomskega dela je bil izdelati sistem za pozicioniranje naprav v zaprtih prostorih. Večina že obstoječih sistemov deluje tako, da naprava, ki se ji določa lokacijo, posluša statične žolne v prostoru in si nato sama določi svojo pozicijo glede na prejete moči signalov. Sistem, ki sem ga implementiral, deluje na drugačen način. Problem rešuje s pomočjo statičnih sprejemnikov, ki poslušajo naprave v njihovi bližini, katerim določamo pozicijo. V prvem delu naloge so predstavljeni raziskava področja in možni pristopi k reševanju problema, v drugem delu pa sta opisani zasnova in arhitektura implementirane rešitve. Na koncu je predstavljeno delovanje sistema v realnem svetu. Rešitev je primerna za uporabo na področju sledenja sredstev, pri nadzoru gibanja oseb in pri razvoju pametnih hiš. The goal of the thesis was to create an indoor positioning system. Most of the current solutions are based on a device, which listens for nearby beacons with static positions. The device then tries to calculate its own position based on received signal strengths. I took a different approach to solve the problem. It works with multiple static listeners which transmit received signal strengths of nearby devices to central hub. Central hub then aggregates the data and tries to calculate the position of the device. First part of the thesis introduces the field of usage of such systems, while the second one describes the design and architecture of the system. Last part presents the results of its performance in the real world.

V magistrskem delu smo predstavili ključne značilnosti dogodkovno vodene arhitekture in interneta stvari. Opisali in predstavili smo najbolj razširjene protokole ter njihovo delovanje. Podrobneje smo se posvetili tehnologiji bluetooth v kontekstu lokacijskega zaznavanja in navigacije v zaprtih prostorih. V raziskovalnem delu smo se osredotočili na problematiko pravilnega zaznavanja najbližjega oddajnika v sistemih, ki se uporabljajo za lokacijsko oglaševanje na sejmih, razstavah in v muzejih. Z rezultati raziskovalnega dela magistrskega dela smo podali učinkovite smernice in napotke za načrtovanje umeščanja oddajnikov v prostor ter za optimiziranje obstoječih algoritmov, ki se uporabljajo za zaznavanje oddajnikov v mobilnih aplikacijah. In our masters thesis, we presented the key features of event-driven architecture and the Internet of Things. We described and presented the most used protocols and how they work. We devoted more detail to bluetooth technology in the context of location detection and indoor navigation. In our research, we focused on the problem of detecting the nearest beacon in systems used for location advertising at fairs, exhibitions and museums. With the results of our research, we have set up effective guidelines for both planing the location of beacons in space and optimizing the existing algorithms used to detect transmitters in mobile applications

V pričujočem delu načrtujemo sistem z zaznavnjem zadetih metov pri košarki in samodejnim sporočanjem rezultata na semafor. Spoznamo se s tematiko senzorike, komunikacijskih tehnologij in obdelave signalov. V delu je opisan sistem za zaznavanje bližine. Za izboljšanje zanesljivosti branja vrednosti iz senzorja so opisane osnove strojnega učenja in osnovni algoritmi. V delu je opisano kako si s strojnim učenjem pomagamo pri odločanju med analizo podatkov. Predlagana je tudi nadgradnja prototipa z uporabo večih senzorjev naenkrat v smiselni prostorski konstelaciji. Za brezžično komunikacijo med senzorskim delom in prikazovalnikom rezultata lahko izbiramo med veliko tehnologijami. Pred zasnovanjem prototipa izpostavimo ključne parametre na podlagi katerih se odločamo katero tehnologijo uporabiti. Ne glede na izbiro je glavna tematika dela opis načrtovanja tiskanega vezja s SoC rešitvijo in razvijanje programske opreme za mikrokrmilnik. The work describes the development of a system for detecting a scored basketball and sending the result to a display. We learn about proximity sensors and low power communication technologies. A proximity detection system is described in the work. To achieve further reliability in such systems, some basics of machine learning are discussed. It is further explained how machine learning is used to accept choices in the process of analyzing data. A more advance solution is proposed using more sensor units arranged in a complex constellation. The work discusses different communication technologies for transmitting data between the sensor and display devices. The choice is mostly based on key parameters we want to achieve, low power consumption being one of the most relevant and leading to the choice of bluetooth low energy or shorter BLE. BLE technology is thoroughly described in the work, however the main focus of the work is to describe the design of printed circuit boards with SoC solutions and firmware development in embedded systems.

"Wearable Health Technology" je eno od področij, ki za delovanje izkorišča različne senzorje in se zaradi napredka le-teh vse bolj uveljavlja. V diplomski nalogi je predstavljena mobilna rešitev za sisteme Android, ki posega na omenjeno področje in za delovanje uspešno vključuje uporabne senzorske tehnologije. Cilj obravnavane tematike je izvedba avtomatizirane mobilne rešitve na pametnem telefonu za obvešcanje ob srčnih zastojih in padcih oseb v primerih, ko si te ne morejo same pomagati. Za razvoj omenjene aplikacije so bile uporabljene napredne tehnologije, kot so senzorji srčnega utripa BLE (angl. Bluetooth Low Energy), pospeškometri in sistem GPS (angl. Global Positioning System), ter nekaj sorodnih tehnologij, ki so vključene kot predmet raziskave. V osrednjem delu sta predstavljena implementacija in opis načrtovanih algoritmov za ugotavljanje padca in načinov gibanja, ki skrbijo za pravilno integracijo in komunikacijo uporabljenih tehnologij. Predstavitve ključnih aktivnosti, strukturne zasnove, delovanje mobilne rešitve in funkcionalnosti so podane v zadnjem delu, ki poleg omenjenega vsebuje še rezultate testiranj in analizo izboljšav na posameznih modulih. Wearable Health Technology is one of the fields that uses different sensors for operation. Due to development of sensors technology this field is more and more popular. In the thesis is presented a mobile solution for Android system, which takes part of this field and uses different sensors technologies. The main goal is to achieve an automated solution for mobile device that can inform others in case of falling or heart attack of a person. In the development of this solution were used technologies like heart rate BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) sensors, accelerometers, GPS (Global Positioning System) and some others that are part of research. Focus in the second part is put on individual implementation of technologies and used algorithms for detect falling and different movements. Presentation of main activities, structural composition, functionality and app working are described in third part, which additionally includes the results of testing and future improvements of individual modules.

Cilj diplomske naloge je predstaviti rešitev za avtomatizirano nadziranje bolnikov na domu, ki so deležni dnevne oskrbe s strani oskrbovalcev, z uporabo protokola Bluetooth Low Energy ter ostalih IoT tehnologij. Ker je implementacija celovitega sistema nadzora preobsežna za namene diplomske naloge, smo kot praktično dopolnitev izdelali aplikacijo za lokalno pozicioniranje v zaprtih prostorih s pomočjo iBeacon naprav, ki ponazarja samo del celotne rešitve. V prvem delu so predstavljene potrebne tehnologije za izvedbo takšnega sistema, v drugem pa opis praktične rešitve, vključno z opisom aplikacije za lokalno pozicioniranje. The goal of this thesis is to define and describe a solution for an automated supervision of patients at home, who are receiving home care by nursing staff, using the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol and other IoT technologies. Since an implementation of such a monitoring system is too large for the purpose of this thesis, we set the goal for the practical part to implement an application for indoor location positioning using iBeacon devices, which would be a part of the whole monitoring system. In the first part, key technologies for such an implementation are described and in the second part, how such a system should be implemented, including a detailed overview of the indoor positioning application.

Avtomatizacija prostorov je staro in vedno zanimivo področje sodobne tehnološke industrije. Kljub velikemu napredku in denarnim vložkom različnih podjetji, tehnologija še ni doživela pravega preboja v naše domove. Tako v modernih domovih pogosto najdemo posamezne avtomatizirane naprave (kot so pametni termostati), vendar so popolnoma avtomatizirani domovi veliko bolj redki. Glavni razlog za to je predvsem velika neprilagodljivost takih sistemov. Poleg tega pravi napredek otežujejo še visoke cene in množica različnih med seboj nezdružljivih standardov in tehnologij. V tem delu predstavljamo izdelavo novega sistema za upravljanje prostorov, s katerim smo tehnologijo avtomatizacije naredili bolj prilagodljivo potrebam končnih uporabnikov. Z uporabo tehnologije Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) smo izdelali brezžičen in modularen sistem, ki ga lahko končni uporabnik kadarkoli razširi in preoblikuje glede na trenutne želje in potrebe. Pomembno vlogo v izdelanem sistemu igra uporabniška izkušnja, pri oblikovanju katere smo si pomagali z anketiranjem potencialnih uporabnikov. Tako smo izdelali sistem, ki je preprost in prilagodljiv, vendar ga je še vedno možno izdelati za nizko ceno. Room automation is an old and always interesting field of the modern tech industry. Even with great advances and big investments of money in this field by different companies, the technology still hasn’t achieved widespread penetration into our homes. In modern homes we often find individual automated devices (like smart thermostats), but wholly automated homes are still a rarity. The main reason for this is the fact that such systems are not adaptable enough. This is further aided by large prices and a wide selection of different and incompatible standards. In this thesis, we present the creation of a new system for room control which makes room automation technology more adaptable to the needs of end-users. With the aid of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, we created a wireless and modular system that the end-user can extend and transform based on their current needs and wishes. User experience played an important role in the crea- tion of this new system. To make the user experience better we used surveys of potential users. That is how we made a system that is simple and adaptable, but can still be produced for a low price.

Internet stvari in povezane naprave prinasajo veliko prednosti na razlicna podrocja, med drugim na podrocje zdravja in dobrega pocutja. Merjenje telesne mase otrok, se posebej novorojenckov, je pomemben parameter, ki ga je potrebno pogosto spremljati v njihovem razvoju. S tem namenom je bila razvita povezana elektronska tehtnica v obliki modularnega otroskega stola za hranjenje. Teht- nica omogoca merjenje telesne mase otrok in njihove aktivnosti med sedenjem, ki vpliva na samo meritev mase. Zaradi prednosti, ki jih prinasajo povezane naprave interneta stvari, tehtnica omogoca povezavo s pametnim mobilnim ter- minalom preko razsirjene tehnologije Bluetooth LE. Ta predstavlja eno izmed najbolj energijsko ucinkovitih brezzicnih tehnologij, ki je zaradi standardiziranega protokolnega sklada prisotna v vseh novejsih mobilnih terminalih in tako najbolj primerna za uporabo pri povezani elektronski tehtnici. Povezljivost nam omogoca avtomaticno in periodicno zajemanje meritev, historicno prikazovanje podatkov in trende, avtomaticni izracun indeksa telesnega razmerja BMI itd. Poleg nastetega nam omogoca posredovanje podatkov v omrezje internet, prikazovanje statistike in uporabo podatkov za nadaljnjo analizo na sirsi populaciji otrok. Internet of Things and Connected Devices bring many advantages to dierent areas, for instance health and well-being. Children's body weight, especially of infants, is one of the most important parameters that we need to monitor fre- quently during their growth. With this goal in mind, a connected electronic scale in the form of feeding chair for children has been developed. The scale enables weight measurements of a child and monitors the child's activity during measure- ments to provide more accurate readings. Due to the advantages of Connected Devices and Internet of Things, the scale uses Bluetooth LE to connect to mobile terminals. Bluetooth LE is one of the most energy ecient wireless technolo- gies and also the most suitable for use in connected electronic scales due to the standardized protocol stack. Connectivity enables automatic and periodic weight measurements, data visualizations and trends, automatic BMI index calculation etc. In addition to that, it enables data sharing, statistics and data analysis of a broader population of children.

Glavni cilj diplomskega dela je predstavitev brezžičnih tehnologij, njihovega delovanja ter porabe energije. Večji del vsebine se nanaša na tehnologijo LTE, WiFi, Bluetooth ter 3G. Namen je bralcu čim enostavnejše prikazati metodologijo tehnologij in razumeti porabo energije ter jo primerno predstaviti. Za enostavnejše razumevanje celotne vsebin, se diplomsko delo začne s kratkim pregledom zgodovine. Nato so tehnologije nazorno razložene (GSM, UMTS, WiFi, LTE, BLE) in kronološko opisane, vse do primerjav porabe energije med posameznimi tehnologijami. Glavna primerjava je med tehnologijama 2G in 3G, med 3G, WiFi ter LTE, katera je plod Univerze iz Danske in na koncu še podrobna analiza BLE signala ter njegove porabe pri uporabi BLE iskalca ključev. Sam sem izvedel meritev ter izračunal pričakovano življenjsko dobo baterije BLE iskalca ključev v neprekinjenem delovanju. This diploma thesis focuses on wireless mobile technology, its functioning and energy consumption. Mainly it refers to technologies as LTE, WiFi, Bluetooth as well as 3G. Purpose of it is to present the reader as simply as possible methodology of technologies and their energy consuption in a way it could be easily understood. For easier understanding this diploma starts with short overview of the history, leading to more depth review of each technology (GSM, UMTS, WiFi, LTE, BLE). Technologies are described chronologicaly and there are given examples of their energy consuption for each of them. Main comparison is given betwen technologies 2G and 3G, WiFi and LTE, which was made by University of Denmark. At the end there is a detailed analysis of BLE signal and its use at BLE key searcher. I myself have measured and calculated life expectancy of BLE's key searcher battery at its continuous operation with no interruptions.