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V diplomskem delu bom analizirala razvoj volilnega sistema v Albaniji in Republiki Makedoniji od padca komunizma leta 1990 do leta 2014 in njegove posledice na število (predvsem manjših) političnih strank, zastopanih v parlamentu. Obe državi sta v obdobju prehoda iz komunističnega enopartijskega sistema v demokratični večstrankarski sistem, ki še vedno traja, pogosto spreminjali volilni sistem in volilno zakonodajo. Albanija in Makedonija sta v zadnjih dvajsetih letih izvedli osem parlamentarnih volitev in nobene od njih niso potekale po popolnoma enakem volilnem sistemu. V Albaniji so prve volitve potekale po proporcionalnem volilnem sistemu, nato je naslednjih pet volitev potekalo po mešanem volilnem sistemu in zadnje dvoje po proporcionalnem volilnem sistemu. Enako število volitev je v istem obdobju izvedla Republika Makedonija. Prve dvoje volitve je izvedla po večinskem volilnem sistemu, tretje po mešanem volilnem sistemu, zadnjih pet pa po proporcionalnem volilnem sistemu. Obe državi sta poleg volilnega sistema pogosto spreminjali tudi volilne elemente, Albanija najpogosteje volilni prag, Makedonija pa število volilnih enot in meje volilnih enot. To nakazuje tudi na volilni inženiring, ki je v obeh državah sredstvo za doseganje želenih volilnih rezultatov določenih, predvsem prevladujočih strank. Z vidika teorije je menjava volilnih sistemov zanimiva in nam bo pomagala analizirati posledice različnih volilnih sistemov in spreminjanje volilnih pravil na število strank in delež sedežev manjših strank v parlamentu obeh držav. In the bachelor’s thesis, I will analyze the development of the electoral system in Albania and the Republic of Macedonia from the fall of communism in 1990 to 2014 and its consequences on the number of (mostly younger) political parties represented in the Parliament. In the period of transition between the communist one-party system and democratic multiparty system, which is still ongoing, both countries have often changed the electoral system and the electoral legalization. For twenty years, Albania and Macedonia have held eight parliamentary elections and none of them were held in the same electoral system. First elections in Albania were held by a proportional electoral system. Then, the next five elections were held by a mixed electoral system and the last two by a proportional electoral system. The same number of elections was held by the Republic of Macedonia during the same period. The first two elections were held by the majority electoral system, the third by a mixed electoral system, and the last five by a proportional electoral system. In addition to the electoral system, both countries often changed electoral elements. Albania changed the electoral threshold most often and Macedonia changed the number of constituencies and the constituency. This appears to point to electoral engineering, which in both countries is an instrument for achieving the desired electoral results of certain, most dominant parties. From the point of theory, the change of electoral system is interesting and will help us to analyze the consequences of the various electoral systems and changing the electoral rules to the number of parties and the proportion of seats of smaller parties in the parliament of both countries.

Proizvodna podjetja danes delujejo v zelo dinamičnem okolju, kjer se v boju s konkurenco morajo truditi za naklonjenost slehernega kupca. Slednji so vpeti v poslovanje podjetja kot nikoli prej. Informacije o podjetju in njegovih izdelkih pridobivajo na spletnih straneh podjetja, preko družabnih omrežij, QR kod, s katerimi so izdelki opremljeni, skratka spremljajo vsaki korak podjetja in napak zlahka ne oprostijo. Porabniki postajajo čedalje bolj ozaveščeni glede sestavin izdelka in v želji za zdravim prehranjevanjem skrbno pazijo, kaj kupujejo. Zato morajo podjetja poznati nakupne navade svojih ciljnih skupin porabnikov še preden začnejo razvijati izdelke za zadovoljevanje njihovih potreb, saj jim bo to zagotovilo dolgoročen obstoj na trgu. V magistrski nalogi s pomočjo tuje in domače znanstvene in strokovne literature uvodoma predstavimo potek nakupnega procesa, opredelimo vrste nakupnega odločanja ter podrobneje opišemo dejavnike, ki vplivajo na nakupno odločitev porabnikov piščančjega mesa. Za namen raziskave se predelimo za pet nakupnih dejavnikov, ki jih podrobneje preučimo, saj na osnovi lastnih dolgoletnih izkušenj na področju trženja perutninskega mesa in izdelkov menimo, da so le-ti dejavniki najbolj relevantni za našo raziskavo. Izbrane nakupne dejavnike: ceno, kakovost, državo porekla, embalažo in rok trajanja smo predstavili v poglavju 3.6 in s pomočjo opravljenih raziskav iz tega področja ocenili njihov vpliv na nakupno odločanje porabnikov prehrambnih izdelkov. Ker smo želeli ugotoviti pomembnost obravnavanih dejavnikov pri nakupnem odločanju porabnikov piščančjega mesa, smo izvedli kvantitativno raziskavo na primeru dveh držav. Odločili smo se za državo z višjim življenjskim standardom, članico EU, in državo z nižjim življenjskim standardom, ki jo uvrščamo med tretje države. V model raziskave smo vključili porabnike piščančjega mesa iz Slovenije in Albanije. Raziskavo smo omejili na prestolnici obravnavanih držav in jo izvedli s pomočjo vprašalnika na priložnostnem vzorcu porabnikov v sklopu nakupovalnih centrov v času izvajanja degustacij/promocij. Vzorec nam predstavljajo osebe od 18 do 65 let, zajel pa je 200 raziskovalnih enot, od teh po 100 iz vsake države. Za potrebe raziskave smo postavili pet hipotez. Rezultati raziskave pokažejo večjo pomembnost cene med albanskimi porabniki piščančjega mesa, saj so zaradi nižjega družinskega budžeta cenovno bolj občutljivi. Izkazalo se je, da je tudi kakovost pomembnejša za albanske porabnike piščančjega mesa, saj le-ti zaradi poplave nizkocenovnega piščančjega mesa vprašljive kakovosti pred nakupno odločitvijo skrbno preučijo alternative. Pri ugotavljanju pomembnosti za nakupni dejavnik poreklo piščančjega mesa smo pridobili podatke, ki ukazujejo na večjo pomembnost tega dejavnika med slovenskimi porabniki piščančjega mesa, saj si slovenski porabniki zaradi večje osveščenosti želijo kupovati kontrolirano meso domačega porekla. Pridobljeni podatki za nakupni dejavnik embalaža razkrivajo nekoliko nižjo pomembnost tega dejavnika pri slovenskih porabnikih, saj ti bolj kot sami privlačnosti embalaže pozornost posvečajo interaktivnemu odnosu s podjetjem v obliki direktnih sporočil, ki jih podjetje preko embalaže sporoča. Nazadnje smo ugotavljali pomembnost nakupnega dejavnika rok trajanja, pri katerem se je izkazalo, da so bila naša predvidevanja pravilna, saj je ta dejavnik pomembnejši za slovenske porabnike piščančjega mesa. Slovenski porabniki so bolj ozaveščeni nakupovalci piščančjega mesa in skladno s tem tudi bolj pozorni na rok trajanja izdelka. Na osnovi ugotovitev iz opravljene raziskave pomembnosti nakupnih dejavnikov pri izbiri piščančjega mesa smo izdelali zasnovo strategije trženja piščančjega mesa. Menimo, da smo s pridobljenimi podatki odgovorili na vsa zastavljena vprašanja in da pričujoča raziskava predstavlja dober prispevek k razumevanju nakupnega vedenja slovenskih in albanskih porabnikov piščančjega mesa. Today, production companies are operating in a very dynamic environment, where, struggling with competitors, must strive for the affection of every each buyer which are involved into the company's business operations more than ever. They acquire the information about the company and its products through company’s internet pages, social networks, QR codes provided on the products, in short, they accompany each company’s step and do not pardon errors easily. The consumers are more and more familiarized with the product’s ingredients, they are taking care of what they are buying in pursuit of healthy food. Therefore, the companies need to be familiar with the habits of their target consumer groups before starting to develop products for the satisfaction of their needs in order to long-term persistence on the market. In the introduction of the master thesis the purchasing process is presented by means of foreign and domestic scientific and technical literature, the types of purchase decisions are defined and the factors affecting the purchasing decision of chicken meat buying are described in detail. Five purchasing factors have been selected and studied in detail which were found most relevant for our research, according to our own longstanding experience in poultry meat and products marketing. The selected purchasing factors: price, quality, country of origin, product packaging and shelf life were presented in chapter 3.6 and their influence on the buying decisions of consumers of food products was assessed by means of relevant researches. In order to establish the importance of considered factors for the buying decisions making of chicken meat consumers, a quantitative research was performed on the example of two countries. We decided for a country with higher living standard, EU member and a country with lower living standard classified as a third-world country. The research model included the consumers of chicken meat from Slovenia and Albania. The research was limited to two capitals of the concerned countries and was performed by way of a questionnaire on an occasional sample of consumers at the shopping centres during the tasting/promotion. The sample included the persons aged from 15 to 65 years and covered 200 research units, 100 from each country. For the purpose of the research five hypotheses were assumed. The research results have witnessed a higher importance of the price among Albanian consumers of chicken meat, as they are more sensitive to the price due to lower family budgets. It turned out that the quality as well is more important for the Albanian chicken meat consumers, who carefully examine alternatives prior to the purchase decision due to the flood of low-price chicken meat of contestable quality. Furthermore we found a higher importance of the factor country of origin among Slovenian consumers of chicken meat, as they due to higher awareness want to buy controlled meat of domestic origin. The gained information for the purchasing factor of the product packaging reveal a lower importance of that factor among Slovenian consumers, since they pay bigger attention to interactive relation to the company in the form of direct messages imparted through the packaging as for the packaging attractiveness. At the end, the importance of the purchasing factor of shelf life was established where our presumptions were found to be true, since that factor is more important for the Slovenian consumers of chicken meat. Slovenian consumers are more conscious buyers of chicken meat and, consequently, pay greater attention to the product shelf life. Based on the findings of the performed research of buying factors importance for chicken meat, the concept of the chicken meat marketing strategy was made. In our opinion, the gathered information answered all posed questions and the research represents a good contribution to understanding the purchase behaviour of Slovenian and Albanian chicken meat consumers.

On the basis of the available archive sources of Yugoslav and foreign origins, the following contribution focuses on the lesser–known aspect of the Yugoslav-Albanian relations after their deterioration. The article roughly outlines the plans, operations, concerns and expectations of five states which tried to alter the situation in Albania to their own advantage more or less successfully. Naturally, despite their common goal these states often had conflicting interests., Prispevek na podlagi dostopnega arhivskega gradiva jugoslovanskega in tujega izvora obravnava manj znani vidik iz jugoslovansko-albanskih odnosov v času po njihovi zaostritvi. V grobem orisu so prikazani načrti, operacije, bojazni in pričakovanja petih držav, ki so bolj ali manj uspešno poskušale spremeniti položaj v Albaniji sebi v prid, kljub njihovemu skupnemu cilju pa je med njimi seveda prihajalo do navzkrižja interesov.

On the basis of available archive materials, the following contribution outlines the role of the Yugoslav leadership in the first skirmishes of the Cold War, especially the mine laying in the Corfu Channel. Namely, in 1946 the relations between Yugoslavia and the Western Allies became very tense, and this lasted until the ultimate break-up between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. This phenomenon was not only characteristic for Yugoslavia. However, this country was most consistent and independent of all the communist states, which did not always make the best impression on the Moscow circles. Yugoslavia also intervened fatally in the international relations of its close but subordinated ally Albania with the West. Namely, with the agreement of the narrower Albanian leadership it prevented the British recognition of the Albanian government and the improvement of the Albanian relations with the Western superpowers, ensuring, in the key moment, the strengthening of its influence in Albania, which then became also formally and legally almost all-encompassing., Prispevek poskuša na podlagi dostopnega arhivskega gradiva prikazati vlogo jugoslovanskega vodstva v prvih praskah hladne vojne, predvsem pri polaganju min v Krfskem prelivu. Leta 1946 je namreč prišlo do hudega zaostrovanja odnosov med Jugoslavijo in zahodnimi zavezniki, ki je trajalo vse do dokončnega preloma Jugoslavije s Sovjetsko zvezo. Ta pojav sicer ni značilen le za Jugoslavijo, je pa bila v svojih dejanjih med vsemi komunističnimi državami pri tem najbolj dosledna in samostojna, kar v moskovskih krogih ni vedno naredilo najboljšega vtisa. Pri tem je usodno posegla tudi v mednarodne odnose svoje tesne, a podrejene zaveznice Albanije z Zahodom. S privoljenjem najožjega albanskega vodstva je namreč preprečila britansko priznanje albanske vlade in izboljšanje albanskih odnosov z zahodnima velesilama, kar ji je v ključnem trenutku zagotovilo utrditev njenega vpliva v Albaniji, ki je tedaj postal tudi formalnopravno skoraj vseobsegajoč.

The following article offers a chronological overview of the relations between Yugoslavia and Albania in the post-war period. The majority of the text focuses on the trade in goods, which was the only contact between the two countries in certain periods, and it also describes the political situation every time, since all the contacts between the two states should be considered in light of mounting or decreasing political tension., V prispevku je kronološko prikazan pregled gospodarskih odnosov med državama v povojnem obdobju. Glavnina teksta se nanaša na blagovno menjavo, ki je bila v določenih obdobjih edina stična točka med državama. Opisana pa je tudi vsakokratna politična situacija, saj je treba vse stike med državama gledati v luči naraščanja ali popuščanja političnih napetosti.