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Diplomsko delo z naslovom Lutka v waldorfskem vrtcu je sestavljeno iz treh delov. V prvem delu so opredeljene značilnosti waldorfske pedagogike, ki predstavljajo podlago za razumevanje značilnosti lutk in lutkovnih dejavnosti v waldorfskem vrtcu. Nato tema preide na lutke in njihov pomen. Majaron (2002) pravi, da lutka izvira iz ritualov. Izraža se s tremi nivoji stilizacije: vizualni, gibalni in zvočni. Lutke imajo takšno moč, da lahko postanejo posrednik med otrokom in vzgojiteljem. Zaradi njihove posebne moči in energije so za otroke zelo privlačne in z njimi dosežemo čarobno vzdušje v igralnici. Kasneje so podrobneje predstavljene waldorfske lutke in lutkovne predstave, ki jih primerjam z lutkami in lutkovnimi predstavami v javnem vrtcu. V empiričnem delu je predstavljeno opazovanje otrokove igre z lutko v Waldorfskem vrtcu Jutranja zarja Kranj. Utemeljitelj waldorfske pedagogike Rudolf Steiner pravi, da pozna dve magični besedi, s katerimi lahko prikažemo, kako otrok vzpostavlja povezavo z njegovim okoljem. To sta vzor in posnemanje (Oldfield, 2012). Glavno obliko učenja v predšolskem obdobju v waldorfskem vrtcu predstavlja ravno posnemanje. Z opazovanjem otrokove igre z lutko sem želela ugotoviti, ali se bodo pojavile razlike pri otrokovi igri z lutko pred in po lutkovni predstavi, ki jo je izvedla vzgojiteljica. Zanimalo me je tudi, ali bodo otroci spontano ter na podlagi posnemanja izvajali lutkovne predstave. Podrobneje je prestavljena tudi izvedba vzgojiteljičine waldorfske lutkovne predstave in predstave, ki sem jo za otroke ustvarila sama. Diplomsko delo se zaključi z ugotovitvami o opazovanju otrokove igre z lutko pred in po lutkovni predstavi, s primerjanjem značilnosti lutk, lutkovnih predstav in dejavnosti v javnem in waldorfskem vrtcu ter z mislijo, da obstajajo velike razlike med lutkami in lutkovnimi dejavnostmi v javnem in waldorfskem vrtcu. The Waldorf kindergarten puppetry graduate paper consists of three parts: The first part defines the characteristics of Waldorf education to form the basis for understanding the characteristics of puppets and puppetry in the Waldorf Kindergarten. The paper then focuses on puppets and their significance. Majaron (2002) says that puppets come from rituals. It is expressed through three stylization levels: visual, locomotive and acoustic. The puppets can become an intermediate between the child and the educator. The special powers and energies of the puppets are very attractive to children and they can be used to create a magical atmosphere in the playroom. Waldorf puppets and puppet shows are later presented in greater detail, and compared to puppets and puppetry in public kindergartens. The second, empirical part presents the observation of children playing with puppets in the Jutranja Zarja Kranj Waldorf Kindergarten. The founder of Waldorf school pedagogy Rudolf Steiner said that there are two magic words that can be used to show how children connect to their environment. These words are example and emulation (Oldfield, 2012). Emulation is the main form of learning during the preschool period. I wanted to observe whether the way children play with puppets will be any different before and after the puppet show that was performed by the teacher, and whether children will spontaneously emulate puppet shows. The paper then includes a detailed presentation of the teacher’s puppet show using Waldorf principles and the puppet show that I created myself. The final part of the graduate paper contains the results of observing the child’s play with puppets before and after the show, comparing the characteristics of the puppets, puppet shows and other activities in the public and Waldorf kindergartens, and concludes that there are major differences between the puppets that are used and puppet related activities between the public and the Waldorf kindergartens.

V diplomskem delu je prikazan celoten oblikovalski proces, od inspiracije do končnega izdelka. Namen diplomskega dela je bil oblikovati sodobno žensko in moško kolekcijo, ki sočasno črpata navdih iz modne hiše Kenzo in tropskega rastlinja. V teoretičnem delu so predstavljeni oblikovalci modne hiše Kenzo in značilnosti njihovega oblikovanja. Vsem je skupna inspiracija iz japonske kulture, potovanj ter uporaba živih barv in pestrih vzorcev. Digitalni tisk je prinesel precejšnje prednosti v oblikovanju vzorcev in močno vpliva na razvoj modnega oblikovanja. V nadaljevanju teoretičnega dela so predstavljeni najbolj zanimivi projekti iz področja mode, arhitekture in instalacij, ki navdih črpajo iz cvetličnih motivov. Eksperimentalni del prikazuje razvoj ženske in moške kolekcije, ki se navezujeta na teoretični del diplomske naloge in raziskavo tropskega rastlinja. Ženska oblačila so v nasprotju z moškimi zelo barvita, polna detajlov in tiskov, cvetlice so dobesedno prenešene tako po obliki krojev kot tudi s pomočjo digitalnega tiska. Moški del kolekcije se poleg elementov tropskega gozda povezuje še s hip hop kulturo, poudarek je na detajlih. Opisane so ciljne skupine, prikazan je celoten proces dela, od izhodišča, skic, tehničnih skic do fotografij končnih izdelkov. Predstavljene so tako barve in materiali kot tudi vzorci kolekcije. This thesis presents the full design process from concept creation to the final product. The goal of this thesis was to design a new modern fashion collection for men and women, which bases on inspiration taken from Kenzo and tropical flora. The theoretical portion of the thesis covers the main designers of Kenzo and their design traits. The connecting element between them is their fondness of Japanese culture, travel and use of live colours. Digital printing contributed heavily to pattern development and to how fashion is developing in the modern times. In the second portion of the theoretical segment we will present the most interesting project from fashion, architecture and installation, which all draw inspiration from flower motives. The practical part of the thesis presents the development of a new fashion collection for men and women, which is connected to the theoretical portion covering tropical flora. Women clothing is usually more colourful, full of details and interesting print, flowers are literary transferred to the design pattern with the help of digital printing. Clothing for men are designed with a mix of hip-hop and tropical with an emphasis on details. We described our target audience and present the full work process: starting with a concept drawn on sketches and ending with a fully realised concept design. We have included the used colour pallet, materials and samples of the collection.

Profesor Heinrich Ullrich je glasbeni terapevt in logoterapevt, ki je pred štiridesetimi leti začel razvijati terapevtska glasbila in barvni notni sistem, s pomočjo katerega lahko igrajo tudi osebe s posebnimi potrebami, ki pa na klasična glasbila ne morejo igrati. V magistrski nalogi je predstavljena glasbena skupina Barve sveta, katero je ustanovila avtorica magistrske naloge ter deluje znotraj posebnega socialno varstvenega zavoda v Republiki Sloveniji. Glasbena skupina Barve sveta uporablja metode profesorja Ullricha že dvanajst let. Predstavljen je model organiziranosti terapevtskih aktivnosti ter organizacija koncerta ob deseti obletnici delovanja glasbene skupine. Na vzorcu dvajsetih stanovalcev, članov glasbene skupine Barve sveta, smo vrednotili in preučevali učinke skupinskih glasbeno-, gibalno- in plesnoterapevtskih aktivnosti kot metod dela pri delu z odraslimi ljudmi s posebnimi potrebami, to je oseb z dolgotrajnimi težavami v duševnem zdravju in z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju, oseb s pogosto zmanjšano zmožnostjo prilagajanja v vsakodnevnem življenju. Nezadovoljiva komunikacija in vzpostavljanje medsebojnih odnosov z drugimi ljudmi jim ne omogočata vključevanja v širše okolje. Metodo kvantitativne analize s tehniko anketiranja stanovalcev smo uporabili za preverjanje stopnje zadovoljstva z načinom dela glasbene skupine, z učnimi vsebinami in z metodami dela. Izvedli smo metodo kvalitativne študije primera z odkritim opazovanjem vzpostavljanja kontaktov z drugimi osebami, sodelovanja pri terapevtskih aktivnostih in nastopih, počutja, preverjali napredek v znanju ter stopnjo zadovoljstva. Rezultati izvedene ankete o zadovoljstvu stanovalcev kažejo, da je stopnja zadovoljstva članov glasbene skupine z njenimi aktivnostmi zelo visoka. Trdimo, da so navedene terapevtske aktivnosti učinkovite in pozitivne pri delu z odraslimi osebami s posebnimi potrebami nasploh, saj omogočajo lažje vzpostavljanje kontaktov z drugimi osebami ter hitro in učinkovito vključitev v socialno okolje. Ugotavljamo zavzeto sodelovanje članov pri terapevtskih aktivnostih in nastopih ter napredek v znanju. Z glasbenimi, gibalnimi in plesnoterapevtskimi aktivnostmi razvijamo oblikovanje pozitivne samopodobe in samozavesti, spodbujamo ustvarjalnost in socialne spretnosti, oblikujemo vrednote in dobre navade ter zelo uspešno izboljšamo splošno počutje posameznika. Professor Heinrich Ullrich is a music therapist and logotherapist who began developing therapeutic instruments and a coloured notes musical system forty years ago. The system enables persons with special needs to play music as they are unable to play music with classical instruments. The thesis presents the music group Barve sveta (Colours of the World) which was founded by the author of this master's thesis and who works within a special social care institution in the Republic of Slovenia. The music group Colours of the World has been using Professor Ullrich's methods for twelve years. Here, a model of the organization of therapeutic activities and the organization of a concert on the tenth anniversary of the musical group has been presented. On a sample of twenty residents, members of the Colours of the World group, we have studied and evaluated the effects of the music, movement and dance therapeutic activities in a group. It is a method of dealing with adults with special needs, ie people with long-term mental health problems, people with moderate intellectual disabilities, persons with a reduced ability to adapt to everyday life. Their unsatisfactory communication and building interrelations with other people disable them to integrate into the wider environment. The method of quantitative analysis, together with the technique of interviewing the residents, was used to check the level of satisfaction with the method of approach of the music group, the teaching contents and the working methods. We carried out the method of qualitative case study by observing establishment of contacts with other people, cooperation in therapeutical activities and performances, well-being as well as tested the progress in their knowledge and the level of statisfaction. The results of the survey on how satisfied the residents are show that the level of the residents' satisfaction with the musical group activities is very high. We believe that these therapeutic activities are effective and positive while working with adults with special needs in general since they facilitate the establishment of contacts with other people and a rapid and effective integration into the social environment. We observe an active involvement of the members in these therapeutic activities and performances as well as the progress in their knowledge. Music, dance and motion therapeutic activities develop the formation of a positive self-image and self-esteem, encourage creativity and social skills, form values and good habits and successfully improve the general well-being of an individual.

V tem magisterskem delu se obdeluje ureditev pokojninskih sistemov v svetu in v Sloveniji - uvedba drugega stebra.

Sindrom razdražljivega črevesja (SRČ) je pogosta funkcionalna motnja prebavil, ki se lahko pojavi že v otroški dobi in prizadene do 20 % šoloobveznih otrok in mladostnikov. Pogosto se te črevesne težave nadaljujejo tudi v odrasli dobi. Zakaj se SRČ pojavi, zaenkrat še ni znano, najpogostejši razlogi pa so genetska nagnjenost, stres, nizek prag zaznavanja bolečine, motnje v motiliteti, intolerance na hrano, sestava mikrobiote, spremenjena povezava med možgani in črevesjem ter poškodovana epitelijska pregrada. Najpogostejši simptomi pri sindromu so bolečine v trebuhu, napihnjenost, vetrovi in potreba po hitrem odvajanju blata, ki se običajno pojavijo zelo hitro po zaužitem obroku. Najnovejša dognanja kažejo, da je pri odpravi simptomov izredno učinkovita dieta z nizkim vnosom fermentabilnih oligosaharidov, disaharidov, monosaharidov in poliolov (FODMAP). V raziskavi smo želeli raziskati, kako učinkovita je pri zdravljenju SRČ pri otrocih in mladostnikih, starih od 10 do 19 leta. Ker je pri dieti treba iz prehrane za 4 tedne izločiti vse skupine FODMAP, kar pomeni velik nabor živil, smo v raziskavi preverili, ali je energijski vnos, vnos prehranske vlaknine, kalcija, železa in cinka v času diete, skladen s trenutno veljavnimi priporočili. Simptome smo spremljali z vprašalnikom o oceni simptomov SRČ z uporabo štiristopenjske lestvice Likertovega tipa. Ugotovili smo, da so vsi pacienti po končani dieti čutili olajšanje simptomov. Največje izboljšanje smo opazili pri naslednjih simptomih: bolečine v trebuhu, glasna peristaltika v želodcu in napihnjenost v trebuhu. Ugotovili smo, da pacienti v času diete ne zadostijo potrebam po energijskem vnosu, vnosu prehranske vlaknine, kalcija in cinka glede na trenutno veljavna priporočila. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common functional gastrointestinal disorder, which often occurs in childhood and affects nearly 20 % of school-aged children. The majority of early onset IBS continue into adulthood. Pathogenesis and etiology of IBS is still unknown, it is probably multifactorial, and involves the interaction of genetic susceptibility, perceived stress, altered pain perception thresholds, motility disturbances, food intolerances, distortions in the gut microbiome, dysfunctional brain and gut axis, and a compromised epithelial barrier function. The most common IBS symptoms are abdominal pain, bloating, increased flatulence/wind and bowel urgency. Nowadays a very promising method to treat IBS symptoms is a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (low-FODMAP diet). Therefore the aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low-FODMAP diet as a possible treatment for IBS symptoms among children, aged 10 to 19 years. Low-FODMAP diet is restrictive diet, therefore we also examined whether patients treated with low-FODMAP diet consume sufficient amounts of calories, dietary fibre, calcium, iron, and zinc. Patients were evaluated for IBS symptoms by a questionnaire (four-point Likert scale). All patients reported about certain relief of their gut symptoms after four-week diet. The biggest improvement was observed in the symptoms such as abdominal pain, stomach/abdominal gurgling and abdominal bloating/distension. In addition, we concluded that the included children did not ingest sufficient amount of calories, dietary fibre, calcium and zinc according to the recommended national dietary guidelines.

Namen magistrskega dela je bil oceniti uspešnost petih najpogostejših diet, ki se uporabljajo za zdravljenje slovenskih pediatričnih bolnikov z eozinofilnim ezofagitisom (EoE). V retrospektivno raziskavo je bilo vključenih 70 pediatričnih bolnikov, starih med 0,7 in 18,0 let (povprečna starost = 9,3 let, standardni odklon = 4,6 let), ki so bili med leti 2005 in 2019 na novo diagnosticirani z EoE. Za vsakega pediatričnega bolnika smo zabeležili demografske podatke, podatke o klinični sliki, zdravstveno anamnezo bolezni z alergijsko etiologijo, endoskopske in histološke značilnosti sluznice požiralnika, rezultate alergoloških testov, ter podatke o vrsti, trajanju in uspešnosti zdravljenja. Izmed vseh pediatričnih bolnikov vključenih v raziskavo, je bilo 49 pediatričnih bolnikov zdravljenih s hipoalergeno dieto (HD). Poznamo različne oblike HD, najpogostejše so: dieta z izločitvijo mleka vseh sesalcev (kravje, kozje, ovčje, kobilje, bivolje, oslovsko in kamelje mleko) oziroma krajše dieta brez kravjega mleka (KML), ciljana hipoalergena dieta zasnovana na podlagi alergoloških testov (CHD), dieta z izločitvijo 6 skupin živil, ki vsebujejo mleko, pšenico, jajca, sojo, oreške ali morsko hrano (dieta 6), elementarna dieta (ED) in dieta brez jajc. Skupini pediatričnih bolnikov z ED in dieto brez jajc smo zaradi majhnega vzorca izključili iz podrobnejše primerjave diet. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je 57 % pediatričnih bolnikov (n = 28) s HD doseglo histološko remisijo. Izmed diet vključenih v HD je bila najuspešnejša dieta 6 (71 % uspešnost), sledila je dieta brez KML (54 % uspešnost) in CHD (50 % uspešnost). Iz rezultatov raziskave je razvidno, da je uporaba HD uspešen način zdravljenja pediatričnih bolnikov z EoE. Poleg tega so rezultati pokazali, da med dieto brez KML, CHD in dieto 6, ni statistično značilnih razlik (p = 0,653) pri uspešnosti zdravljenja. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the five most commonly used diets utilized to treat Slovenian pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The retrospective study included 70 pediatric patients aged between 0,7 and 18,0 years (average age = 9,3 years, standard deviation = 4,57 years) who were diagnosed with EoE between 2005 and 2019. Demographic data, clinical picture, medical history, endoscopic and histological characteristics of the esophageal mucosa, results of allergy tests and data on the type, duration and success of treatment were recorded for each pediatric patient. Out of all the participants included in the study, 49 were treated with a hypoallergenic diet (HD). There are different forms of HD, most common are: diet excluding all mammalian milk (cow, goat, sheep, mare, buffalo, donkey and camel milk), shorter diet excluding milk, targeted hypoallergenic diet created on the basis of allergy tests (CHD), the six-food elimination diet that contains the most common allergens (diet 6), elemental diet (ED) and egg-free diet. The pediatric patient groups following ED or the egg-free diet were excluded from a more detailed diet comparison due to the small sample. The results of the study showed that 57% of pediatric patients (n = 28) following HD experienced hystologic remission. Among the diets included in HD, the most successful diet was diet 6 (71 % successfulness), followed by the diet excluding milk (54 % successfulness) and CHD (50 % successfulness). The results of the study prove that the use of HD is a successful way to treat pediatric patients with EoE. In addition, the results showed that there are no statistically significant differences (p = 0,653) between the diet excluding milk, CHD and diet 6 in treatment success.

V diplomskem delu so predstavljeni glavni vzroki in posledice pomanjkanja določenih vitaminov in mineralov pri bolnikih s kronično vnetno črevesno boleznijo. Kronična vnetna črevesna bolezen (KVČB), med katero spadata Crohnova bolezen in ulcerozni kolitis, prizadene prebavni trakt, kar vpliva na absorpcijo hranil. Stanje pomanjkanja hranil nastopi kot posledica izgube krvi, kronične driske, okvare ali odstranitve določenih delov črevesja in malabsorpcije v tankem črevesju. Prav tako bolniki iz svoje prehrane pogosto izključujejo skupine živil, kot so žitarice, mlečni izdelki, sadje in zelenjava, ker jim ti povzročajo težave. Najpogostejša zapleta, ki nastaneta zaradi pomanjkanja vitamina D, vitamina K in kalcija, sta osteoporoza in osteopenija. Pomanjkanje železa, vitamina B9 in B12 pa vodi v anemijo in hiperkoagulabilnost. Pri bolnikih s KVČB je pomembno redno spremljanje njihovega prehranskega statusa in serumskega nivoja posameznih vitaminov in mineralov. Dober prehranski status namreč močno vpliva na potek bolezni in uspešnost zdravljenja, kot tudi na samo kakovost življenja. In the thesis are described main causes and consequences of vitamin and mineral deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, causes malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Micronutrient deficiency can be a result of blood loss, chronic diarrhea, dysfunction or resection of certain parts of bowel. In addition, patients often try different diets to control the disease, with exclusion of wheat and dairy products, fruits and vegetables etc. The most common complications of inflammatory bowel disease are vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Vitamin D, vitamin K and calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis and osteopenia. Iron, vitamin B9 and B12 deficiency can cause anemia and hypercoagulability. Regular screening for certain deficiencies and maintaining a good nutritional status of patient is extremely important because it can affect the course of disease, improves chances of successful treatment and it also improves patient’s quality of life.

Vodenje striktne brezglutenske diete je za osebe s celiakijo nujno, a hkrati zaradi različnih dejavnikov lahko tudi precej težavno. V raziskavo, s katero smo želeli identificirati dejavnike, odgovorne za dietne prekrške, smo vključili 61 otrok s celiakijo in vsaj enega izmed njihovih staršev. Vključitveni dejavniki so bili redni kontrolni pregledi med leti 2016 in 2018 na Pediatrični kliniki v Ljubljani ter starost otroka pod 19 let in redna brezglutenska dieta, ki traja najmanj eno leto. V raziskavi smo uporabili dva vprašalnika, prvi je bil oblikovan za otroka s celiakijo, drugi pa za njegovega starša. Statistična analiza, t-test za neodvisne vzorce, je razkril povezavo med starševskim znanjem o celiakiji in brezglutenski dieti ter pojavom dietnega prekrška pri otroku. Ni pa nam uspelo dokazati povezave med različnimi dejavniki, kot so otrokovo znanje o celiakiji in brezglutenski dieti, članstvo v društvu za celiakijo, dohodki in izobrazba staršev, vsakodnevno uživanje obroka izven doma ter število družinskih članov, ki imajo potrjeno diagnozo celiakije, in pojavom dietnega prekrška pri otroku s celiakijo. Na podlagi izvedene raziskave lahko zaključimo, da je najpomembnejši dejavnik, ki pripomore k striktnemu vodenju brezglutenske diete, znanje o celiakiji in brezglutenski dieti. Posledično kot eno izmed strategij za izboljšanje vodenja brezglutenske diete predlagamo izobraževanje bolnikov, zaposlenih v kuhinjah in strežbi ter splošne javnosti o celiakiji in brezglutenski dieti. Compliance with a gluten-free (GF) diet is mandatory for patients with coeliac disease. In order to identify factors responsible for diet transgressions, we conducted a study in which 61 children and adolescents with coeliac disease were included. Inclusion criteria were age under 19 years, being at least one year on a GF diet and regular outpatient clinic follow ups between years 2016 and 2018 at the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital in Ljubljana. Two types of questionnaires were used in the study, first one being designed for children with coeliac disease and second one for their parents. Statistically significant correlation between parental knowledge of coeliac disease and GF diet and adherence to GF diet in children was found. However, statistical analysis did not confirm correlation between several other factors, such as children knowledge about coeliac disease and GF diet, membership in coeliac society, level of parental education and family income, meal consumption outside home, family history of coeliac disease and dietary transgressions in children/adolescents with coeliac disease. Based on our results we conclude that education about coeliac disease and GF diet is the main factor influence adherence to strict GF diet. Consequently, one of proposed strategies for better compliance with GF diet could be education of patients, their families, cook chefs and general public about the disease.

Cistična fibroza je kljub velikemu razvoju in napredku sodobne medicine v zadnjih nekaj desetletjih tako za paciente, kot tudi za zdravstvene delavce zelo težka bolezen, ki je ne moremo ozdraviti, a lahko z multidisciplinarno oskrbo pacientom podaljšamo življenjsko dobo in jim z različnimi ukrepi olajšamo življenje. Poleg zagotavljanja ustreznega delovanja pljuč s čiščenjem sluzi in antibiotično terapijo je eden glavnih ukrepov za splošno zdravje pacientov skrb za njihov dober prehranski status. Že več desetletij je v redni uporabi visoko energijska dieta z visoko vsebnostjo maščob in beljakovin ter z nadomestnimi encimi trebušne slinavke, ki pacientom pomaga pri ustrezni rasti in razvoju v otroški in mladostniški dobi ter vzdrževanju telesne mase v odrasli dobi. Poleg tega primerna telesna masa pri bolniku zmanjša število okužb dihal in na ta način pripomore k ohranjanju pljučne funkcije. Tudi s pomočjo omenjene diete se je življenjska doba pacientov s cistično fibrozo močno podaljšala, boljša je tudi njihova kvaliteta življenja. Z daljšanjem življenjske dobe in z visokim vnosom maščob so se tudi pri bolnikih s cistično fibrozo začela pojavljati srčno-žilna obolenja. Even though there has been a major progress in modern medicine in the past couple of decades, cystic fibrosis still continues being a hard and complex disease for patients and for the medical team treating these patients. The disease can not be cured, but with the optimal treatment a longer life is expected and patients overall health and quality of life is significantly improved. A high-energy diet and pancreatic enzyme-replacement therapy are the main therapeutic modalities in treating patients with cystic fibrosis. It helps patients to achieve normal growth and development in childhood and an optimal and constant body mass later in life. It is also associated with a better pulmonary function with less acute and chronic lung complications. With longer life there is higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases among patients with cystic fibrosis, which is probably a consequence of their diet high in fat.