Namen diplomskega dela je prikazati do zdaj še neobjavljene in neraziskane statistične podat-ke za Slovenijo na področju kaznovanja od leta 1945 do 1989. Pregled literature, preteklih raziskav in analiza statističnih podatkov je pokazala na neraziskanost statistične analize obsojencev v Jugoslaviji in Sloveniji, njihovih zločinov ter kazni, ki so jih prejeli za svoje zločine. Analiza je bila narejena z uporabo računalniškega programa Excel. Za interpretacijo rezultatov statističnih analiz in razlago sprememb v politiki kaznovanja v Sloveniji za izbrano obdobje smo uporabili kavzalno metodo (vzročno posledič-no smo ugotavljali povezanost med pojavi). Pred izvedbo statističnih analiz smo pregledali relevantno literaturo z namenom identifikacije sprememb v kaznovalni zakonodaji, katerim je sledil razvoj slovenske penologije, saj je le-ta kot veda o izvrševanju kazenskih sankcij ključnega pomena za temo delo in razumevanje sprememb v pristopu do obravnave obsojencev (razvoj iz avtoritarnega pristopa do tretman-skega). Dotaknili smo se tudi odnosa znotraj slovenskih zaporov, pravice obsojencev, samomorilnosti, povratništva, socialne klime, izobraževanja in dela obsojencev, razvoja alternativnih kazenskih sankcij kot tudi resocializacije slovenskih zapornikov, kjer smo s pregledom preteklih študij predstavili spremembe na omenjenih področjih. V zadnjem delu so prikazane statistične spremembe v slovenski zaporski populaciji v letih od 1952 do 1989. Pomanjkanje statističnih podatkov za Slovenijo v obravnavanem obdobju in urejenosti arhivskih virov ter literature, ki je na voljo le v tujini, predstavljata glavni omejitvi tega dela. Izvirnost študije se kaže v prvem poskusu sistematičnega prikaza trenda zaporske populacije v obdobju socialistične Slovenije. The purpose of this diploma paper is to present the previously unpublished and not researched statistical data for Slovenia in the field of punishment for the period from 1945 to 1989. A review of relevant literature, past research and analysis of statistical data revealed the inex-plicability of the statistical analysis of convicts in Yugoslavia and Slovenia, their crimes and sentences they received for their crimes. The analysis was made using the Excel computer pro-gram. Causal method was used to interpret the analysis and explain the changes that penaliza-tion policy in Slovenia had for the selected period. Prior to the statistical analysis, a review of the relevant literature was made, with the aim of identifying changes in the penal legislations followed by the development of Slovenian penol-ogy, since it is the science that knows how to enforce criminal sanctions. Slovenian penology was crucial for the topic of the diploma, as well as for understanding changes in the approach to convicts development (from militant approach to treatment). We also touched upon the relationship within Slovenian prisons, the rights of prisoners, suicide, retaliation, social climate, education and the work of prisoners, the development of alternative criminal sanctions as well as the resocialization of Slovenian prisoners, where we reviewed the changes in the above top-ics by reviewing past studies. The last part of the paper displays the statistical changes in the Slovenian prison population from 1952 to 1989. The lack of statistical data for Slovenia, during the period under our atten-tion and the lack of order of archive sources as well as literature, available only in foreign countries, present the main limitations of this paper.