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Uvod: Demenca je kronična ali progresivna bolezen, ki se kaže v obliki motenj višjih kortikalnih funkcij, zlasti spomina, razumevanja, mišljenja, orientacije, računskih in učnih sposobnosti ter sposobnosti govornega izražanja in presoje. Posledično osebe z demenco izgubljajo sposobnosti skrbi zase in samostojnega opravljanja vsakodnevnih aktivnosti. Osebe potrebujejo vedno več nadzora in pomoči pri izvajanju dnevnih aktivnosti, zato so čedalje bolj odvisne od pomoči svojcev. Vloga svojcev pri oskrbi oseb z demenco je z napredovanjem bolezni čedalje večja in pomembnejša. Dolgotrajna oskrba oseb z demenco povzroči pri skrbnikih kronično utrujenost, preobremenjenost, socialno izključenost, finančne obremenitve ter slabšo kakovost življenja. Delovni terapevti dajejo nasvete in informacije o bolezni in usposabljajo, kako se soočiti z boleznijo, nego in oskrbo svojca. Namen: Ugotavljali smo, kakšne izkušnje imajo svojci, ki skrbijo za osebe z demenco, in kako to vlogo doživljajo. Metode dela: V kvalitativni raziskavi smo podatke pridobili s polstrukturiranimi intervjuji s petimi svojci, ki v domačem okolju skrbijo za osebo z demenco. Rezultati: Na osnovi kvalitativne vsebinske analize podatkov smo določili štiri kategorije: seznanjenje z boleznijo svojca, posledice bolezni za osebo z demenco, doživljanje in posledice skrbi za osebo z demenco in pomoč pri skrbi za osebo z demenco. Znotraj kategorij smo določili še podkategorije in kode. Bolezen in skrb za osebo z demenco svojci doživljajo različno. V času oskrbe osebe z demenco se srečujejo z novimi oblikami vedenja, ki jih do nastopa bolezni niso opazili. Zaradi skrbi so preobremenjeni, občutijo utrujenost, veliko stresa, pojavi se izgorelost. Manj časa imajo za opravljanje vsakodnevnih aktivnosti in okupacij ali pa jih morajo zaradi poslabšanja bolezni osebe z demenco opustiti. Zaradi dolgotrajne oskrbe svojca z demenco se jim poslabša kakovost življenja. Delovna terapija je med svojci slabo poznana stroka. Razprava in zaključek: V domačem okolju za osebe z demenco najpogosteje skrbijo svojci, ki se pri tem soočajo s številnimi izzivi, situacijami, ki jih ne pričakujejo, poznajo. Svojci so preobremenjeni in njihove potrebe so pogosto prezrte. Pri skrbi za osebe z demenco v domačem okolju ima pomembno vlogo delovni terapevt, ki z informacijami o bolezni ter nasveti in usposabljanjem glede soočanja z boleznijo in skrbjo za osebo z demenco zmanjšuje breme oskrbe in izboljša kakovost življenja tako svojcev oseb z demenco kot tudi oseb z demenco. Delovni terapevt lahko v družinsko življenje vnese spremembe, ki olajšajo opravljanje vsakodnevnih aktivnosti in tako zvišajo kakovost življenja vsakega družinskega člana. Introduction: Dementia is a syndrome – usually of a chronic or progressive nature that leads to deterioration in cognitive function to such an extent that it interferes with a person's daily life and activities. As dementia progresses an individual will eventually require assistance with activities of daily living. Therefore, an individual could become increasingly dependent on the help of a relative. Long-term care for people with dementia could cause chronic fatigue, social exclusion, financial burdens and poorer health-related quality of life. Occupational therapy practitioners help those with dementia in long-term-care to retain existing function for as long as possible. They act as direct care providers and as consultants of relatives in how to approach the care of their family member. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discern the experiences of families while caring for a close relative with dementia. Methods: Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 5 people caring for a family member with dementia in a home environment had been used. Results: Based on the qualitative content analysis of the data we determined four categories: coping with the illness of a loved one, consequences of the dementia, experience and consequences of caring for a person with dementia and assistance in caring for a person with dementia. Within the categories we also defined subcategories and codes. Everyone experienced the care of a family member with dementia differently. In caring for these family members they met with the types of behaviour that were not present before the disease. Family caregivers experience higher levels of burden and stress as well as exhaustion, even burnout. They have less time for their own daily activities or they have to abandon them completely. As a result they have a lower quality of life. Occupational therapy is a poorly understood profession among relatives who take care about the dementia people. Discussion and conclusion: In a home environment family members are most often caregivers of people with dementia. Caring for a loved one with dementia poses many challenges for families and caregivers. Family members are overburdened and their needs are often overlooked. Occupational therapy can be an important source of support for people with dementia and their families and thus make it easier for both parties. Occupational therapist can increase the quality of life of each family member and therefore could play an important collaborative role in the care of the person with dementia.

Uvod: Parkinsonova bolezen je degenerativna nevrološka bolezen, kjer gre za propadanje dopaminskih nevronov, kar povzroča moteno delovanje centralno živčnega sistema. Točnega vzroka za nastanek še ne poznajo. Pojavijo se težave na motoričnem in nemotoričnem področju. Parkinsonovo bolezen spremljata tremor, rigidnost, bradikinezija in motnje ravnotežja. Na kognitivnem področju se pojavljajo težave s spominom, demenco, motnje spanja in depresija. Težave se stopnjujejo z napredovanjem bolezni. Parkinsonova bolezen vpliva na posameznikovo življenje, saj povzroča težave pri izvajanju vsakodnevnih aktivnosti in njemu pomembnih okupacij. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotavljanje učinkovitosti delovnoterapevtske obravnave osebe s Parkinsonovo boleznijo po procesu ameriškega okvirja prakse s poudarkom obravnave na ravni okupacije. Metode dela: Raziskava je bila izvedena v obliki študije primera, pri kateri gre za celosten opis enega primera, zasnovane po modelu ameriškega okvirja prakse. V raziskavo je bil vključen 73-letni uporabnik s Parkinsonovo boleznijo v Domu starejših občanov Krško, ki je bil sprejet zaradi nesamostojnosti v vseh dnevnih aktivnostih. Individualna obravnava je za doseganje ciljev zajemala vsakodnevne terapevtske aktivnosti na ravni okupacije. Za pridobivanje podatkov smo uporabili Kanadski test izvedbe okupacije, lestvico funkcijske neodvisnosti in analizo aktivnosti po spretnostih. Rezultati: Pri končnem ocenjevanju je pri Kanadskem testu izvedbe prišlo do izboljšanja ocen izvedbe in zadovoljstva z izvedbo. Prav tako je prišlo do izboljšanja pri stopnji odvisnosti od pomoči in stopnji samostojnosti, ocenjeni z Lestvico funkcijske neodvisnosti. Izboljšanje se je pokazalo tudi pri kakovosti izvedbe, ocenjene z Analizo aktivnosti po spretnostih, na področju vseh motoričnih in procesnih spretnosti, ki so bile pred začetkom obravnave v odstopanju. Razprava in zaključek: Delovnoterapevtska obravnava po ameriškem okvirju prakse se je izkazala za učinkovito. Doseženi so bili vsi zastavljeni cilji, saj je uporabnik v izvedbi vseh obravnavanih aktivnosti in okupacij samostojen. Pri določenih aktivnostih potrebuje le nadzor z vidika varnosti. Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a degenerative neurological disease that causes degeneration of dopamine neurons, impairing the functioning of the central nervous system. Its exact cause is not yet known. Motor and non-motor problems occur. Parkinson's disease is accompanied by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and balance disorders. Cognitive problems include memory problems, dementia, sleep disorders and depression. Related problems exacerbate as the disease progresses. Parkinson's disease affects people's lives by hindering their ability to carry out everyday activities and occupations that they deem important. Purpose: The aim of the paper was to determine effectiveness of the occupational therapy treatment of person with Parkinson's disease with following the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework, with an emphasis on the level of occupation. Methods: A case study research in form of a comprehensive description of one case was conducted, following the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework, included a 73-year-old client with Parkinson's disease who had been admitted to the Krško Nursing Home because of the lack of independence in all daily activities. To achieve the set goals, we planned an individualised treatment, with therapeutic activities relating to certain occupations. Data were collected using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, the Functional Independence Measure and an activity analysis. Results: At the final assessment, performance and satisfaction scores improved according to the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, as did the level of aid dependency and independence, assessed using the Functional Independence Measure. Performance quality, assessed through an activity analysis, also improved in both motor and process skills, which were in derogation before the start of the treatment. Discussion and conclusion: Occupational therapy following the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework has proven to be successful. All goals have been achieved. The client has achieved independence in performing all treated activities and occupations. For certain activities, he still needs supervision, but only for safety reasons.