Search

V Sloveniji se zaradi edinstvene geografske lege na izredno majhnem prostoru prepletajo najrazličnejši dejavniki in vplivi sosednjih naravnih enot, ki puščajo sledi na geomorfometričnih, podnebnih in hidroloških lastnostih ter značilnostih pokrovnosti in rabe tal po posameznih hidrografskih območjih. S pomočjo zelo dobro razvitega in strukturiranega sistema šifriranja padavinskih/hidrografskih območij in uvozom pred pripravljenih prostorskih baz podatkov je določevanje iskanih značilnosti porečij z uporabo geografskih informacijskih sistemov razmeroma enostavno. V diplomski nalogi so izračunane in predstavljene osnovne morfometrične lastnosti in značilne rabe tal, povprečna letna količina prejetih padavin (1980-2010), numerična organiziranost rečnih sistemov ter erozijska faktorja LS in R za hidrografska območja v Sloveniji na 3. nivoju. Tako pripravljeni podatki so podlaga za nadaljnje primerjalne analize, hidrološke študije ter hidrološko modeliranje. V nadaljevanju smo naredili primerjavo rezultatov lastnosti med posameznimi območji, ki pripadajo istemu glavnemu porečju. Narejena je tudi analiza medsebojne odvisnosti izbranih lastnosti porečij s pomočjo Pearsonovega koeficienta korelacije. Rezultati oz. lastnosti hidrografskih območij so v veliki večini pokazali veliko odvisnost od geografske lege. Višje ležeča območja, ki se nahajajo na severnem in zahodnem delu Slovenije (Julijske Alpe), izkazujejo sorazmeroma precej višje povprečne vrednosti geomorfometričnih lastnosti kot območja, ki segajo v panonsko ravnino. Obenem pa po rezultatih erozijskih faktorjev RUSLE (LS, R) sodijo med območja v Evropski Uniji z najvišjimi vrednostmi faktorjev za določevanje stopnje letne erozije. Due to its unique geographical location and extremely small area, various factors and influencing factors of neighbouring geographical landscapes are intertwined in Slovenia. This in turn, affects the geomorphometric, climatic and hydrological features, as well as the land cover and land use on each hydrographic unit/area. In favour of a very well developed and structured Slovenian watershed coding system and with the use pre-prepared spatial databases in geographic information systems, the determination of watershed characteristics is relatively simple. In the diploma thesis, the basic morphometric characteristics and typical land uses, average annual precipitation (1980-2010), stream order and erosion factors LS and R are calculated and presented for each Slovenian hydrographic unit on the 3rd level. So prepared data are the basis for further comparative analyses and hydrological studies and modelling. Furthermore, we compared the results of characteristics between individual hydrographic areas belonging to the same main watershed. Additionally, an analysis of the dependence of individual watershed characteristics using the Pearson correlation coefficient was conducted. The results of the characteristics of the hydrographic areas showed, in the vast majority, a high dependence on the geographical location and a large influence of the geographical landscape to which they belong. Higher areas located in the northern and western part of Slovenia (Julian Alps) showed relatively higher average values of geomorphometric characteristics than areas belonging to the Pannonian plain. According to the results of erosion factors RUSLE (LS, R), the Alps are also one of the areas in the European Union with the highest values of factors for determining the soil erosion rate.

V diplomskem delu so predstavljene in analizirane spremembe kategorij dejanske rabe na območju Krvavca za leti 2002 in 2020. Uporabljeni so bili podatkovni sloji iz Evidence dejanske rabe kmetijskih zemljišč in gozdnih zemljišč, ki jo upravlja Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano. Cilj dela je bil z metodo markovskih verig v programskem orodju TerrSet napovedati rabo tal za leto 2030. Napovedane spremembe smo nato primerjali z dejansko rabo iz leta 2020 in izdelali karte sprememb izbranih kategorij rabe tal. Opisali smo tudi naravne in družbeno-geografske dejavnike, ki imajo vpliv na spremembe rabe tal in z njimi argumentirali napovedane spremembe rabe prostora. The bachelor's thesis presents and analyses the changes in the categories of actual land use on Mount Krvavec for the years 2002 and 2020, using data layers from the Register of Actual Use of Agricultural and Forest Land managed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food. The aim of the thesis was to predict land use in 2030 using the Markov chain method in the TerrSet software tool. The predicted changes were then compared with the actual land use in 2020 and maps of changes in selected land-use categories were created. We also described the physical- and human-geographical factors that influence land-use change and used them to justify the predicted land-use changes.

Uradni podatki dejanske rabe tal Ministrstva za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano zajemajo stanje od leta 2002. Metodologija in kategorizacija zemljišč dejanske rabe tal sta se od takrat do danes spreminjali in se dopolnjevali. V nalogi so opisane in analizirane spremembe kategorij dejanske rabe zemljišč v škofjeloški občini za leta 2002, 2005, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2017 in 2020. Spremembe smo ugotavljali s pomočjo geografskega informacijskega sistema, v katerem smo izdelali tudi karte dejanske rabe zemljišč. Za vsako leto zajema dejanske rabe tal smo ustvarili preglednico površin vsake kategorije dejanske rabe zemljišč in njihovih sprememb. Dejansko rabo tal Ministrstva za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano smo primerjali z Občinskim prostorskim načrtom Občine Škofja Loka in kategorije poenotili za bolj pregledno primerjavo obeh rab tal. Za lažje razumevanje sprememb kategorij dejanske rabe tal je zaželeno poznavanje Interpretacijskega ključa in Občinskega prostorskega načrta Občine Škofje Loke. Official data on actual land use, from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food, have been collected since 2002. The methodology and categorization of actual land use have changed and supplemented over the years. This undergraduate thesis describes and analyzes the changes in the categories of actual land use, in the Municipality of Škofja Loka, for 2002, 2005, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2017 and 2020. The changes were determined using a geographic information system in which we also made maps of actual land use. For each year of actual land use, we created a table of areas for each category of actual land use and their changes over the years. The actual land use of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food was compared with the Municipal land use plan of Škofja Loka and the categories were simplify for an easier comparison of the two land uses. To better understand the changes in the categories of actual land use, it is useful to know the Interpretation Key and the Municipal land use plan of Škofja Loka.

Ker se novi trendi vse bolj nagibajo k sonaravnemu urejanju vodotokov oziroma obvodnega prostora, smo se v nalogi ukvarjali z ukrepom živih mej kot ene od predstavnic le teh, za zmanjšanje erozijske nevarnosti na poplavnih območjih. Sonaravni ukrepi imajo poleg zaščitne tudi ekološko funkcijo, saj izboljšajo življenjske pogoje za vodni in obvodni živelj. Za izbrano poplavno območje reke Hudinje smo s hidravličnim modelom preverili vpliv rabe tal ter različne scenarije uporabe živih mej, ugotovitve pa podkrepili s številnimi prikazi. Vpliv izbranih ukrepov smo primerjali z obstoječim stanjem in tako upravičili njihovo izbiro. Prikazali smo primerjave globin, gladin, hitrosti ter strižnih napetosti za različne pretoke. Ugotovili smo, da raba tal pomembno vpliva na samo odpornost. Zaradi podnebnih sprememb in napovedi večanja tako intenzitete kot pogostosti visokih voda je potrebno skrbno načrtovati rabo prostora ter ukrepe na poplavnih območjih. Due to latest trends which are more oriented to the sustainable regulation of watercourses or riparian space, we focused in this master thesis on the measure of hedgerows, as one of their representatives, to reduce the erosion risk in flood areas. Sustainable measures have beside protection, also ecological function as they improve living conditions for aquatic and riparian life. For the selected flood area of Hudinja river we, used a hydraulic model to check the impact of land use and various scenarios for the use of hedges and supported the findings with numerous demonstrations. We compared the impact of the selected measures with the existing conditions and thus justify their choice. We presented comparisons of depths, levels, velocities, and shear stresses for different flows. We discovered that land use has a significant impact on resilience itself. Due to climate change and the forecast of an increase in both the intensity and frequency of high waters, it is necessary to carefully plan the use of space and measures in flood areas.