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Verjetnost propada zavarovalnice je pomembna količina, ki jo spremljajo njeni delničarji kot tudi regulatorji. Klasična teorija tveganja opiše proces gibanja višine kapitala s Cramér-Lundbergovim procesom. V tem delu bodo predstavljene utežne funkcije in njihove osnovne lastnosti ter uporaba v eno-stranskih in dvo-stranskih izhodnih problemih. Z utežnimi funkcijami bo tudi razvita Gerber-Shiujeva teorija tveganja za klasični proces tveganja. Z njo bodo analizirani čas propada, primanjkljaj ob propadu in višina kapitala tik pred propadom. Klasična teorija bo nadgrajena s tremi perturbacijami poti, ki se lahko prevedejo na probleme dividendnih in obdavčitvenih politik v zavarovalništvu. Pri teh strategijah bo izračunana verjetnost propada in pričakovana sedanja vrednost izplačil (dividend ali davkov) do propada. Probability of ruin of insurance company plays an important role for its shareholders and regulators. Classical risk theory describes evolution of wealth or surplus with Cramér-Lundberg process. Scale functions and their characteristics will be presented in this work as well as their use in one-sided and two-sided exit problems. Scale functions will also be applied in Gerber-Shiu risk theory for classical risk process. Time of ruin, deficit at ruin and surplus prior to ruin will be analysed with Gerber-Shiu risk theory. Classical theory will be upgraded with three path perturbations, which can translate to dividend and tax policies in insurance. In these strategies probability of ruin and expected present value of payouts (dividends or taxes) until ruin will be computed.

V zadnjih petih letih se je delež delovno aktivnih, starejših od 55 let, drastično povišal – kar za 68,4 % (Seljak, 2017). Starejši zaposleni se, tako kot mlajši, pri svojem delu nenehno srečujejo s spremembami. Spremembe so stalnica v delovnem procesu ne glede na to, v kateri panogi podjetje posluje. Vsaka sprememba od zaposlenih zahteva določeno stopnjo prilagajanja, dodatnega usposabljanja in učenja. V zadnjih nekaj letih se je največ sprememb zgodilo zaradi hitrega tehnološkega napredka. Prihod novih digitalnih tehnologij je s seboj prinesel večjo odzivnost, transparentnost in dostopnost. Ampak, če dobro pomislimo, starejši zaposleni, pripadniki babyboom generacije, niso odraščali z novimi digitalnimi tehnologijami. Njihov prihod jih je dosegel, ko so že bili v delovnem razmerju, zato potrebujejo nekoliko več dodatnega izobraževanja, usposabljanja in prilagajanja, ki jih od njih pričakuje vedno hitreje razvijajoče se okolje. Hitre tehnološke spremembe so se zgodile tudi na področju finančnega sektorja, kamor spada zavarovalništvo. Zavarovalništvo velja za zelo togo panogo, ki ima dolgoletno tradicijo in je omejena z različnimi zakonodajalci. Prihod novih digitalnih tehnologij je tudi na to področje prinesel veliko sprememb. Da zavarovalnice ostanejo konkurenčne in prilagodljive na spremembe morajo za delo z novimi digitalnimi tehnologijami usposobiti tudi svoje zaposlene. Poseben izziv je seveda za tovrstno usposobiti starejše zaposlene, ker – kot omenjeno – niso odraščali z njimi. V magistrski nalogi sem se osredotočila na nevarnosti in priložnosti, s katerimi se zavarovalnice srečujejo na področju usposabljanja starejših zaposlenih, kje so njihove šibke točke ter kako lahko obstoječe znanje in prakse uporabijo sebi v prid. Over the last five years, the share of the working population above the age of 55 has drastically increased – by as much as 68.4% (Seljak, 2017). Older workers, much like the younger workers, constantly deal with changes in their work. Changes are a normal part of any work process, regardless of the industry in which a company operates. With each change, employees are expected to show a certain degree of adjustment, additional training and learning. Within the past few years, the majority of changes have been attributed to the rapid technological progress. The arrival of new digital technologies has contributed to greater responsiveness, transparency and accessibility. But, if one considers further the Baby Boomers did not grow up with new digital technologies. The arrival thereof found them when they were already in an employment relationship. This is why they need to invest more in further education, training and adjustment, which are dictated by the ever increasing pace of the work environment. Rapid technological changes have also impacted the financial sector, which includes insurance. Insurance is considered a very rigid branch of industry, with a long-lasting tradition, restricted by different legislators. The arrival of new digital technologies brought many changes to the industry. For insurance companies to be able to remain competitive and adaptable to changes, they are required to train their employees to work with new digital technologies. It is undoubtedly a challenge to train older workers to work with new digital technologies, because they did not grow up with them, as mentioned earlier. The thesis focuses on the risks and opportunities the insurance companies come across when it comes to training older workers, as well as their weaknesses, and how they can apply the existing knowledge and practices to their own advantage.

V magistrskem delu je predstavljen linearni model ter njegovi razširitvi: posplošeni linearni model - GLM (iz ang. generalized linear model) ter posplošeni aditivni model - GAM (iz ang. generalized additive model). Linearni modeli so široko uporabljani statistični modeli, kjer je pričakovana vrednost slučajne spremenljivke modelirana kot seštevek linearnih prediktorjev. Ta je odvisen od napovednih spremenljivk in nekaterih parametrov, ki jih je potrebno oceniti. Ključna predpostavka je, da je prediktor linearno odvisen od parametrov, predpostavljeno pa je tudi, da je slučajna spremenljivka porazdeljena normalno. V GLM je predpostavka o linearnosti prediktorja posplošena in pričakovana vrednost slučajne spremenljivke je tako odvisna od poljubne gladke monotone funkcije linearnega prediktorja. Pri tem lahko slučajna spremenljivka pripada družini eksponentno porazdeljenih spremenljivk (npr. normalne, Poissonove, binomske, Gamma, itd.). GAM je še dodatna posplošitev, kjer pa je linearni prediktor predstavljen kot gladka funkcija napovednih spremenljivk. Te gladke funkcije praviloma nimajo eksaktnega zapisa, zato jih je treba predstaviti in obravnavati njihovo gladkost. V delu je predstavljena osnova teorija linearnih modelov, GLM in GAM ter primer njihove uporabe v določanju cen zavarovanj avtomobilske odgovornosti. In master's thesis we will present the linear model and its extensions: the generalized linear model - GLM and the generalized additive model - GAM. Linear models are widely used statistical models in which a univariate response is modelled as the sum of a linear predictors. The linear predictor depends on predictor variables and unknown parameters, which must be estimated. A key feature of the models is that the linear predictor depends linearly on the parameters. Statistical inference is usually based on the assumption that the response variable is normally distributed. GLM somewhat relaxes the strict linearity assumption of linear models by allowing the expected value of the response to depend on a smooth monotonic function of the linear predictor. Similarly the assumption that the response is normally distributed is relaxed by allowing it to follow any distribution from the exponential family (for example, normal, Poisson, binomial, gamma, etc.). The GAM is a GLM where the linear predictor depends linearly on smooth functions of predictor variables. The exact parametric form of these functions is unknown, as is the degree of smoothness appropriate for them. A short theoretical introduction to linear models, GLM and GAM will be presented as well as their use for pricing in MTPL insurance.

V magistrski nalogi sem raziskal delovanje trenutnega zdravstvenega sistema v Sloveniji in njegove značilnosti. Naš sistem, podobno kot mnogi evropski, se sooča s problemom staranja prebivalstva. Ugotavljam, da smo vzpostavili kakovosten sistem primarnega zdravstvenega varstva. Poleg obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja se velik odstotek prebivalstva odloča za dopolnilno zdravstveno zavarovanje. V našem sistemu imamo poleg izvajalcev, katerih ustanovitelj je država ali lokalna skupnost, tudi zasebne izvajalce, ki so vključeni v javno mrežo kot koncesionarji. Ti so močno usmerjeni v delovanje v javni mreži, saj je zaradi pomanjkanja kapacitet v javnih zavodih veliko povpraševanje po njihovih storitvah. Dotaknil sem se tudi pravne ureditve izvajalcev in problematike povezane s tem ter izdatkov v zdravstvu. V povezavi z izvajalci v javni mreži sem raziskal tudi učinkovitost in kako je ta povezana z drugimi temeljnimi načeli. V tem delu sem pozornost posvetil tudi zasebnim zavarovalnicam in njihovemu poslovanju. Pomembno in najbolj aktualno poglavje se nanaša na izzive, ki nam jih je prinesla epidemija novega korona virusa. En od katerih bo zagotovo izredno velik primanjkljaj finančnih sredstev, ki bo klical po sistemskih spremembah financiranja. Magistrsko nalogo pa sem zaokrožil z izkušnjami iz tujine in smernicami za učinkovitejše delovanje. In my master's thesis I studied Slovenian healthcare system and its main characteristics. The main challenge it faces is the ongoing ageing of the population which is common across Europe. My finding is that the primary level system is well set up. The Slovenian system is based on Compulsory insurance and beside it a great percentage of the population chooses to participate in supplementary health insurance. The current system is mostly based on public health institutions. But some private institutions decide to take part in the public healthcare system through concession because of the lack of available capacities. I also studied different legal forms in which the healthcare providers can operate under and management of expenses the healthcare system has. Mostly regarding public healthcare providers a lot can be changed and achieved in terms of effectiveness and other basic principles. The functioning of providers is also determined by their relationship with private insurance companies. Current challenges we face as a society are a result of the new Coronavirus epidemic. It is going to be a significant venture to try to undo the health and economic consequences this epidemic caused. These are both present in the healthcare system and its ways of financing. To round it up I proposed a few guidelines for a more effective system and a few lessons we can learn from abroad.

Diplomsko delo govori o filmskem ustvarjanju od razvoja ideje filma do začetka produkcijske faze oziroma snemanja filma. Posveča se natančnemu raziskovanju vseh korakov, ki jih je treba opraviti. Na začetku dela predstavimo idejno fazo, sledi faza razvoja, kjer opišemo ključne naloge od pisanja scenarija do načrta distribucije, razčlenitve scenarija, ustvarjanja proračuna in financiranja filma. V naslednjem delu opišemo fazo predprodukcije, kjer raziskujemo osnovne značilnosti sestave produkcijske in tehnične ekipe, izbora lokacij in izbora igralcev. Teoretični del zaključimo z razlago zavarovanj in pravnih dokumentov, potrebnih za ustvarjanje filma. Nadaljujemo s kvalitativno primerjavo, ki je bila opravljena z intervjuvanjem štirih slovenskih producentov nedavnih celovečernih filmov. Intervjuji so bili opravljeni z Marino Gumzi, producentko filma Zgodbe iz kostanjevih gozdov, Andražem Jeričem, producentom filma Posledice, Ido Weiss, producentko filma Ne pozabi dihati, ter Danijelom Hočevarjem in Uršo Menart, producentom in režiserko filma Ne bom več luzerka. Diplomsko delo zaključimo s povzetimi informacijami o ustvarjanju filma do produkcijske faze, ki so bile pridobljene z opravljenimi intervjuji. The diploma thesis deals with filmmaking from the development of the idea for the film to the beginning of the production phase. It focuses on thoroughly exploring all of the steps that need to be taken in the development and pre-production phase. The thesis opens with a study of the conceptual phase, followed by the development phase, where it describes the key tasks, ranging from writing the script to the distribution plan, breaking down the script, creating a budget and financing the film. The next phase is the pre-production phase, where the thesis explores the basic capabilities of the production and technical teams, the selection of locations and casting. The theoretical part concludes with an explanation of the insurance and the legal documents required for making a film. The theoretical part is followed by a qualitative comparison of the pre-production of four recent, successful Slovenian feature fiction films. Interviews were made with Marina Gumzi, producer of the film Stories from Chestnut Woods, Andraž Jerič, producer of the film Consequences, Ida Weiss, producer of the film Don't Forget to Breathe, and Danijel Hočevar and Urša Menart, producer and director of the film My Last Year as a Loser. The thesis concludes with a summary of information on making films up to the production phase, which were obtained through the interviews.

Ta projektna naloga podaja tri metode za izračun vrednosti stanovanj. Na realnih primerih želimo izračunati vrednost stanovanj. S tem določimo primerno metodo za izračun gradbene vrednosti stanovanja, ki bi lahko bila najprimernejša zavarovalna vrednost le tega. Z določitvijo primerne zavarovalne vsote obrazložimo, zakaj je priporočljivo, da se zavarovalna vsota čim bolj natančno približa gradbeni oziroma zavarovalni vrednosti stanovanja. V nadaljevanju opisujemo dve možni obliki zavarovanja stanovanja. V projektni nalogi predstavimo zavarovalniško panogo in organizacijo zavarovalnic. Poiščemo delovna mesta v organizaciji zavarovalnice na katerih je zaželeno, da ima zaposleni gradbeno izobrazbo. The following thesis presents three methods of apartment value calculation. We will calculate their value based on actual examples. This will allow us to determine what method of apartment building value calculation yields the most appropriate value for apartment insurance. With the determination of the appropriate insurance value we can explain why it is recommended to set the insured value as close as possible to the building value of the apartment or in other words the insured value of the apartment. In the following we describe two possible forms of apartment insurance. In this thesis we discuss the insurance sector and the organisation of insurance companies. We sought after job positions in the insurance organisation where a construction education is beneficial to the employee.

V magistrskem delu bo obravnavana odgovornost za škodo, ki jo povzročijo domače, nevarne in divje živali. Pravna podlaga za odgovornost za škodo, ki jo povzročijo domače živali izhaja iz 2. odstavka 158. člena Obligacijskega zakonika, ki določa, da je za škodo, ki jo povzroči domača žival odgovoren njen imetnik, razen, če dokaže, da je poskrbel za vso potrebno varstvo in nadzor. Za to škodo imetnik domače živali odgovarja krivdno oziroma subjektivno. Imetnik domače živali je pod določenimi pogoji lahko tudi prost svoje odgovornosti, a dokazati mora, da je poskrbel za potrebno varstvo in nadzorstvo. Smisel nadzorstva in varstva živali je v tem, da se na učinkovit način prepreči, da bi žival kogarkoli lahko poškodovala. Sodišče mora v postopkih sojenja mnogokrat odgovoriti na odločilno vprašanje, kdo je bil v konkretnem primeru v času škodnega dogodka imetnik psa (živali) in kot tak dolžan poskrbeti za ustrezen nadzor nad njim. Iz odškodninskega vidika je zelo pomembna opredelitev pojmov »domače živali« in »nevarne živali«. O nevarnih živalih govori 1. odstavek 158. člena Obligacijskega zakonika, ki določa, da je za škodo, ki jo povzroči nevarna žival, odgovoren njen imetnik. Imetnik nevarne živali se lahko odgovornosti razbremeni le tako, da dokaže, da škode ni povzročila njegova žival, ali da škoda izvira iz nekega drugega vzroka, ki ga ni bilo mogoče pričakovati ali se mu izogniti, oziroma, da škoda izvira iz dejanja tretje osebe ali oškodovanca, ki ga imetnik živali ni mogel pričakovati, se mu izognili ali preprečiti njegovih posledic. Gre torej za zelo strogo odgovornost, ki se ji je težko izogniti. Tretji del magistrske naloge je namenjen škodi, ki jo povzročijo divje živali. Odgovornost za to škodo je lahko krivdna ali objektivna. Z vidika odškodninske odgovornosti je treba ločiti divjad na splošno, divjad zavarovano s posebno uredbo in pojem zavarovane vrste živali, ki pa zajema tudi živali, ki se ne štejejo za divjad (plazilci, žuželke, itd.). Država objektivno odgovarja za škodo, ki jo povzroči divjad (srna, jelen, gams, zajec, divji prašič itn.) na področjih izven lovnih površin, če zanjo (krivdno) ne odgovarja upravljavec lovišč. Država pod določenimi pogoji objektivno odgovarja tudi za škodo, ki jo povzročijo zavarovane prosto živeče živali, kot npr. medved, volk ali ris. Poseben pogoj odgovornosti je, da je oškodovanec na primeren način, kot dober gospodar izvedel vse potrebne ukrepe, da bi škodo preprečil. The master's thesis will deal with liability for damage caused by domestic, dangerous and wild animals. In the first part of the assignment, I will cover the topic of liability for pets. Since I have written about this in depth in my bachelor's thesis, this time I will focus on recent case law. The legal basis for this liability stems from paragraph 2 of Article 158 of the Code of Obligations, which provides that the damage caused by a domestic animal is the responsibility of its owner or holder, unless he proves that he has provided all the necessary protection and control. The owner of the pet is held liable for this damage subjectively. The pet owner may also be free from his liability under certain conditions but must prove that he has provided the necessary protection and supervision. The purpose of animal control and protection is to effectively prevent the animal from harming anyone. Some pets can also be dangerous animals because of their somatic or character traits. It is therefore very important to define the terms 'domestic animals' and 'dangerous animals'. I will deal with them in the second part of my thesis. The legal basis for this liability derives from paragraph 1 of Article 158 of the Obligations Code, which states that the holder of the damage is responsible for the damage caused by a dangerous animal. The third part of the master's thesis will be devoted to the damage caused by wild animals. Liability for this damage can be subjective or objective. From the point of view of liability for damages, it is necessary to distinguish different kinds of wild animals.

V diplomski nalogi sem predstavila primerjavo med carinskima postopkoma 40 in 42. Opisala sem davčne zavezance, pridobitev identifikacijske številke za DDV ter obveznosti in dolžnosti, ki jih morajo zavezanci ob pridobitvi izpolniti. Predstavila sem številko EORI , ki je nujno potrebna za izvajanje carinskih postopkov, v katerikoli državi Evropske unije. Dotaknila sem se carinskih postopkov, ki se izvajajo na carinskem območju Evropske unije, njihove glavne značilnosti ter vsega, kar je potrebno za izvajanje posameznega postopka. Obrazložila sem postopek določitve carinske tarife ter se dotaknila odlog plačila in zavarovanje morebitnega carinskega dolga. Več pozornosti sem posvetila sprostitvi blaga v prost promet, ob plačilu carinskih dajatev in DDV-ja ter sprostitvi blaga v prost in vnosa v domačo porabo za blago, ki je oproščen plačila DDV, v okviru davčne dobave v drugo državo članico. Predstavila sem nova pravila o dokazovanju izpolnitve carinskega postopka 42 ter ključne razlike med postopkoma 40 in 42. Na koncu sem obrazložila možnost popravka napačno navedenih informacij v skupni carinski deklaraciji. This thesis presents a comparison between customs procedures 40 and 42. I have described taxable persons, the process of obtaining a VAT identification number and the obligations and duties that taxable persons must fulfil upon obtaining it. I will present the EORI number, which is obligatory for the implementation of customs procedures in any country of the European Union. I have touched on the customs procedures carried out in the customs territory of the European Union, their main characteristics and everything necessary to carry out an individual procedure. I have explained the procedure for setting the customs tariff and touched on the deferral of payment and insurance of a potential customs debt. I have paid more attention to the release of goods for free circulation on payment of customs duties and VAT and the release for free circulation and entry for home use of goods which are the subject of a VAT-exempt supply to another Member State. I have presented new rules on proving compliance with customs procedure 42 and key differences between procedures 40 and 42. Finally, I have explained the possibility of correcting the incorrect information given in the summary customs declaration.

V magistrskem delu je predstavljena uporaba posplošenega linearnega modela in različnih metod strojnega učenja v zavarovalništvu. Delo je razdeljeno na teoretični in praktični del. Na začetku teoretičnega dela so opisani osnovni pojmi iz verjetnosti in zavarovalništva. Predstavljeno je tudi, kako zavarovalnice določijo višino premije. Nato sta predstavljena teoretično ozadje posplošenega linearnega modela in uporaba tega modela za napovedovanje višine škode. Na koncu teoretičnega dela pa je opisano strojno učenje in bolj podrobno so predstavljena odločitvena drevesa, naključni gozdovi ter nevronske mreže. V praktičnem delu magistrskega dela pa so posplošeni linearni model, naključni gozd in nevronska mreža uporabljeni za napovedovanje višine škode pri avtomobilskem zavarovanju. Najprej so podatki predstavljeni ter ustrezno obdelani. Nato so določeni parametri posameznih modelov. Na koncu pa so modeli med seboj primerjani in izbran je najboljši model. The master thesis presents the use of generalized linear model and different machine learning methods in insurance. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. At the beginning of the theoretical part, basic notions of probability and insurance are described. It is also presented, how insurance companies determine the insurance premium. Then the theoretical background of generalized linear model and the use of it in predicting claim amount are presented. At the end of the theoretical part, machine learning is described and also decision trees, random forests and neural networks are presented in detail. The practical part of master thesis is focused on how generalized linear model, random forest and neural network are used for predicting car insurance claims. First, the data is presented and processed. Then the parameters of each model are determined. In the end, the models are compared and the best one is chosen.

V diplomskem delu je predstavljena celovita analiza poslovanja podjetja Generali leta 2007, ki je bilo zadnje leto predkriznega obdobja, in v pokriznem obdobju od leta 2015 do leta 2018. Zavarovalnica Generali spada v zasebni sektor, kar pomeni, da je njeno delovanje odvisno od sredstev, ki jih pridobi oziroma ustvari sama. S tega vidika naslavlja tako obstoječe kot bodoče partnerje oziroma stranke. Torej ji je v interesu, da nudi storitve, ki jih uporabniki potrebujejo. Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti in predstaviti delovanje celotne organizacije z vidika zaposlenih ter z vidika dobička pred kriznim obdobjem in po kriznem obdobju nedavne gospodarske in finančne krize. Finančni vidiki poslovanja omenjene zavarovalnice so z vidika našega raziskovanja zanimivi predvsem ob dejstvu, da je, kot smo že izpostavili, omenjeni pravni subjekt zasebne narave, zato je odvisen od lastnega delovanja oziroma dobička. Hkrati se ukvarja z zagotavljanjem dolgoročnih storitev, ki jih uporabniki štejejo kot naložbo v prihodnost. Za analizo poslovanja podjetja Generali smo uporabili komparativno in deskriptivno metodo. Poleg teh metod smo uporabili še zgodovinsko metodo raziskovanja, in sicer za analizo podatkov iz različnih zgodovinskih oziroma časovnih obdobij. V grobem lahko rečemo, da kriza ni negativno vplivala na delovanje zavarovalnice, predvsem zato, ker podatki o dobičku omenjenega obdobja kažejo pozitivne rezultate. Ključna ugotovitev je, da je zavarovalnica Generali uspešna na slovenskem trgu, zato je tudi upravičeno največja tuja zavarovalnica v Sloveniji. The diploma thesis will present a comprehensive analysis of Generali's business operations in 2007, which was the last year before the crisis period and after the crisis period from 2015 to 2018. Generali belongs to the private sector, which roughly means that its operation depends on assets, acquired or created by herself. From this point of view, it addresses both existing and future partners or clients. So it is in the interest to provide the services that users need. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to identify and present the functioning of the entire organization, both from the perspective of employees and from the point of view of profit before the crisis period and after the crisis period of the recent economic and financial crisis. The financial aspects of the operations of the said insurance company are interesting from the point of view of our research, especially since, as we have already pointed out, the mentioned legal entity is of a private nature and therefore, depending on its activity or profit. At the same time engaged in providing long-term services that users consider to be an investment in the future. Generali was analyzed using a comparative and descriptive method. In addition, we can mention the historical research method by which we analyzed data from different historical or time periods. Roughly, it can be said that the crisis did not adversely affect the performance of the insurance company, mainly because profit data for the period indicated positive results. The key finding was that Generali was successful in the Slovenian market, which is why it is rightly the largest foreign insurance company in Slovenia.

Vsakodnevne zavarovalniške goljufije, s katerimi goljufi prihajajo do neupravičenih premoženjskih koristi, zavarovalnice in zavarovanci pa so oškodovani, je treba čim bolj omejiti, saj vplivajo na povišanje zavarovalniških premij, kar občutimo vsi. V diplomskem delu smo obravnavali zavarovalniške goljufije in ugotovili, da največ škode na tem področju povzročajo organizirane kriminalne združbe, ki v določenih primerih delujejo skupaj z zavarovalniškimi uslužbenci. Tovrstne primere je zaradi izkušenj slednjih najtežje odkriti. Menimo, da bi lahko tovrstne primere omejili z uvedbo notranjega nadzora. V zavarovalnici bi se lahko dogovorili, da občasno pošljejo detektiva, ki bi skušal cenilce oziroma pristojne osebe navidezno podkupiti, s čimer bi hitro ugotovili, kateri zaposleni je podkupljiv in lahko povzroči škodo. Zaposleni bi bili s tem hkrati seznanjeni in ne bi upali sodelovati pri raznih goljufijah. Zaradi zelo hitrega razvoja na področju računalništva se zavarovalnice pripravljajo na digitalizacijo in že imajo izdelane načrte za prihodnost. V prednosti bodo tiste zavarovalnice, ki bodo nanjo dobro pripravljene. Menimo, da se bo zavarovalnicam vložen denar v digitalizacijo hitro povrnil, saj smo ljudje vedno bolj navajeni na internetne aplikacije in ne želimo izgubljati časa. Raziskali smo primer Agencije Mori in ugotovili nepravilnosti pri izplačevanju odškodnin ter na drugih področjih njenega delovanja. V tem primeru vidimo rešitev v hitrem ukrepanju Agencije za zavarovalni nadzor. Because of the daily insurance fraud, on the account of which fraudulent receipts result, and the insurers and insureds are harmed, they need to be limited as much as possible because they also increase the insurance premiums, which is felt by all. The diploma thesis dealt with insurance fraud and found that the most damage is caused by the functioning of organized criminal organizations. In some cases, they work in conjunction with employees. Such cases are most difficult to detect because of employee experience. We believe that such cases could be limited by introducing internal controls. The insurance company could arrange to occasionally send a detective who would try to bribe the appraiser or the competent people so that they would quickly see which employee was corrupt and could cause harm. At the same time, employees would know this and would not dare to engage in various frauds. Because of the very rapid development in the field of computer science, insurance companies are preparing for digitization and have plans in place for the future. Advantages will certainly be those insurance companies that are well prepared for it. We believe that the money invested in digitization will be quickly repaid to insurers, as we are increasingly used to internet applications and do not want to waste time. During the research we found out that there were irregularities in the payment of damages at the Mori Agency, as well as in other activities of the Agency. In this case, we see a solution in the swift action of the Insurance Supervision Agency.

Zavarovalništvo kot gospodarska panoga in pogodbena razmerja, ki jih vzpostavlja, se v sodobni družbi srečujejo z mnogimi spremembami in vprašanji. Diplomsko delo opredeljuje pravno formalni vidik razmerja med vsemi pogodbenimi strankami v zavarovalnih razmerjih, hkrati pa osvetljuje praktičen pogled na odnose med njimi in se dotika vprašanj, ki nastajajo ob nesporazumih med zavarovalnicami in njihovimi strankami. Uvodni del, ki je namenjen kratkemu zgodovinskemu pregledu in zakonodajni ureditvi zavarovalništva v Sloveniji, se nadaljuje z analizo prvin zavarovalne pogodbe, opredeljene so obveznosti in pravice zavarovalnic in njihovih zastopnikov ter strank oz. zavarovalcev, ki v zavarovalno razmerje vstopajo kot potrošniki. Osnova celotne vsebine diplomskega dela je predpostavka, da v Sloveniji ni enotnega zakona ali pravno formalnega akta, v katerem bi lahko pogodbene stranke v zavarovalništvu našle odgovore na vsa pereča vprašanja. Zahteve sodobnega potrošnika in aktualnost nenehnih pritožb strank, zaradi katerih so zavarovalnice izredno pogosto pod drobnogledom javnosti, te hipoteze zagotovo ne zavračajo, se pa, kot ugotavljam v samem zaključku analize relevantnih virov, brez izjeme potrjuje tudi dejstvo, da se nacionalne zakonodaje posameznih držav umikajo evropskih predpisom in regulativam. Zavarovalništvo se mora prilagoditi zahtevam časa in prostora, v katerem obstaja, narava njegovih storitev pa je tista, ki mu bo zagotovo omogočila obstoj tudi v prihodnosti. Uspešnost njegovega delovanja bo seveda odvisna od sposobnosti razvoja, ključno pa bo tudi upoštevanje vse bolj odmevnega dejstva, da sodoben potrošnik s svojimi zahtevami vse bolj zna in zmore uspešno zastopati svoje interese tudi v razmerju do zavarovalnih družb. Insurance business as an industry and the contractual relationships it establishes face many new changes and questions in modern society. This diploma thesis defines the legal and formal relationship between all contracting parties in insurance relationships, while highlighting the practical perspective of their relationship and examining questions arising from disputes between insurance companies and their clients. The introductory section, which presents a brief historical overview and regulation of the insurance business in Slovenia, is followed by the analysis of elements of an insurance contract, defining the rights and obligations of insurance companies and their representatives, as well as their clients – policyholders – who enter the insurance relationship as consumers. The basis of the diploma thesis is the assumption that there is in Slovenia no unified or legal and formal act in which contracting parties in the insurance business could find answers to all topical questions. The demands of the modern consumer and the urgency of constant client complaints – resulting in insurance companies being a very frequent focus of public attention – do not reject this hypothesis however, as I conclude in the analysis of relevant sources, the national legislations of individual countries are giving way to European rules and regulations, without exception. The insurance business must adapt to the requirements of time and space in which it exists, while the nature of its services is the factor that will certainly ensure its existence in the future. The success of this business will depend on its capacity to develop, and it will also be essential to take into account the increasingly resounding fact that modern consumers – with their demands – are ever more knowledgeable and capable of representing their interests in the relationship with insurance companies.

V diplomskem projektu smo pojasnili urejenost zdravstvenega varstva v Sloveniji, podrobneje smo obravnavali področje dodatnega in dopolnilnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja. Želeli smo prikazati njuno vlogo in pomen v naši državi ter navesti razloge, zakaj se bosta le-ta v prihodnosti še povečevala. V nadaljevanju smo predstavili zavarovalnice, ki ponujajo takšna zavarovanja na zavarovalniškem trgu v Sloveniji in opravili podroben pregled ponudbe zavarovalnih produktov, ki jih nudijo ter se seznanili z novostmi, s katerimi se dandanes srečujemo na omenjenem področju. Na podlagi pridobljenih statističnih podatkov smo predstavili prihodke premij in odhodke za škode zavarovalnic iz naslova dopolnilnih in dodatnih zdravstvenih zavarovanj, pri katerih smo izločili inflacijske vplive. Navedli smo tudi podatke o številu zavarovancev in o premijah, ki jih morajo zavarovanci plačevati za zagotovitev pravic. V zadnjem delu raziskovalnega dela smo predstavili značilnosti dodatnega in dopolnilnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja v nekaterih tujih državah, ki so članice Evropske unije in so tipični predstavniki omenjenih zavarovanj. In the diploma project, we explained the regulation of health care in Slovenia, more precisely the field of complementary and supplementary health insurance. By making a research, we wanted to show their role and importance in our country and to state the reasons why their importance will only increase in the future. Furthermore, we presented insurance companies offering such insurance on the insurance market in Slovenia and carried out a detailed overview of the offer of insurance products offered by them. Also, we have noted novelties, which are now encountered in the field of health care insurances. On the basis of the statistical data we have presented revenue premiums and insurance claims incurred from supplementary and complementary health insurance, in which we excluded inflationary effects. We have also listed information on the number of insured and the premiums that policyholders need to pay in order to secure rights. In the last part of the research, we presented the features of complementary and supplementary health insurance in some foreign countries, which are members of the European Union and are typical representatives of the above mentioned insurance.

Magistrsko delo predstavlja ukvarjanje z besedilnimi vrstami s področja zavarovalništva in izdelavo poskusa klasifikacije in tipologije le-teh. Naloga je razdeljena na teoretični del, v katerem sem opredelil pojme sporočanje, besedilo, besedilne vrste, slogovne postopke in temeljne elemente pragmatične analize besedil ter izdelave klasifikacije in tipologije besedilnih vrst, in empirični del, ki je posvečen poskusu izdelave klasifikacije in tipologije besedilnih vrst s področja zavarovalništva. Na področju zavarovalništva kot gospodarske panoge srečujemo najrazličnejša besedila, in sicer znanstvena, strokovna, poljudnoznanstvena, zavarovalniškoposlovna, zavarovalniškooglaševalska idr. Gre za področje, ki je jezikoslovno slabo raziskano, zato analiza tipičnih besedil s področja zavarovalništva predstavlja poskus konstituiranja besedil s področja zavarovalništva kot besedilne vrste in uvrstitev le-teh v klasifikacijo in tipologijo besedilnih vrst s področja zavarovalništva, kjer sem na podlagi prototipičnih znotraj- in zunajbesedilnih prvin določil jedrne in mejne besedilne vrste s področja zavarovalništva, ki predstavlja posebno gospodarsko dejavnost z učinki na vseh področjih družbenega življenja, obenem pa gre za področje, znotraj katerega se srečujejo številna znanja iz različnih strok. Naloga predstavlja prvi poskus klasificiranja in tipologiziranja besedilnih vrst s področja zavarovalništva, pri čemer sem se za izdelavo poslužil analitične, sintetične, deskriptivne in komparativne metode. The master thesis presents different text types in the field of insurance and an attempt to classify and arrange them into a typology. The theoretical aspect of the thesis defines words like communication, text, text types, style and the basic elements of pragmatic analysis. The empirical part focuses more on the attempt to create a classification and typology of the text types from the field of insurance. In this specific area, we deal with different texts like for example: scientific, technical, popular scientific, insurance-business, insurance-advertising etc. The field of insurance is linguistically not well researched, that is why, such an analysis presents an attempt of constitute texts from this field and trying to classifying them on the basis of prototypic interior and exterior components in order to determine the essential and boundary texts from the field of insurance. The texts present a special economic activity with the effects on all social fields, while it simultaneously depicts a convergence of many different professions. The thesis is the first attempt of classifying and defining the text types from the field of insurance, consequently meaning, that analytical, synthetic, descriptive and comparative methods were utilized in its creation.