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Alstonia boonei, an abundant lesser utilized species within the West African Subregion, was evaluated as an alternative raw material for pulp and paper production. The basic density (BD), fibre characteristics [fibre length (FL), fibre diameter (FD), lumen diameter (LD) and wall thickness (WT)], derived anatomical indices [Flexibility Ratio (FR), Slenderness Ratio (SR), Rigidity Coefficient (RC), Luce’s Shape Factor (LSF), Solids Factor (SF) and Runkel Ratio (RR)] and chemical composition (lignin, holocellulose, 1% NaOH solubility and ash contents) of A. boonei were studied to evaluate variation along the trunk (base, middle and top portions) and ascertain its suitability for pulp and paper production. Significant variations were observed in the density and fibre characteristics along the trunk of the tree. Although the FD was large, the observed adequate FL, thin-wall and large LD implied easy beating of fibres and manufacture of dense, smooth and strong papers. The favourable SF, RR, FR, RC, and LSF values obtained for the fibres would produce papers with suitable burst and tearing strengths and folding endurance. Chemically the lower lignin (< 30%), ash and 1% NaOH solubility and the high holocellulose contents of A. boonei, will generate a higher pulp yield. A. boonei although a low-density species, will be desirable for pulp and paper production.

In June 2019, the Faculty of Arts of the University in Ljubljana and the Archives of the Republic of Slovenia organized an international scientific symposium "Works of Art on Parchment and Paper". Proceedings with 27 peer-reviewed articles were published in November 2019. Experts from the field of natural and humanistic sciences presented their results related to techniques of monuments' creation and their place in the time of creation; they presented relationships among artists and their audiences and presented problems of preservation, conservation, restoration and interpretation of art works on parchment and paper. The article gives a brief overview of the symposium and then focuses on the interconnection among humanistic and natural sciences and reflects the author's thoughts on the meaning and wholeness of research, knowledge collection and achievement of scientific goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the importance of museum documentation in paper form, which includes various types of documentation related to museum objects, and to explore its position and role in the context of comprehensive documentation of cultural heritage. The next objective is to understand the attitudes of the curators towards paper-based documentation and to provide insight into existing practices and the needs of the curator regarding paper-based documentation. The purpose of the research is to examine the adequate forms of its integration into the documentation system in terms of adherence to the principle of continuity of museum documentation and to explore the possibilities of speeding up and improving the process of computer-based registration and cataloguing of museum material through the digitization of paper-based documentation. Methodology/approach: This paper will provide a theoretical and legislative framework related to preserving the continuity of museum documentation. A blueprint for future empirical research, which will be conducted in two stages, will be presented. In the first phase, an exploratory qualitative research method (focus group) will be applied. In the second phase, a quantitative methodology (survey) will be implemented. The survey method will test research questions on a larger sample of curators so that the results can be generalised to the curator population in Croatia. Results: A relevant theoretical framework and literature review are provided, as well as examples of digitization and integration of paper-based documentation at the Zagreb City Museum. The plan of the empirical research is presented in detail. Research limitations: As the topic is under-researched, exploratory research will identify key thematic units and issues for quantitative research. Originality/practical implications: The originality of the paper is reflected in the fact that this is the first time that the role of paper-based documentation has been explored in detail. The applicability of the research is high because it can be replicated in other countries or in an international context. Thus, it can provide valuable guidance in determining priorities related to digitization of old documentation and its integration into museum information systems. This paper explores and elaborates on the benefits of digitizing old documentation to increase the level of computer-based cataloguing, that is, reduce documentation backlogs and establish the continuity of museum documentation.

Particleboard and MDF are the most usable materials for furniture production, where emission of formaldehyde should be as low as possible. In order to improve aesthetic properties of particleboard and MDF they are covered with appropriate surfacing material. In most cases, melamine impregnated paper is used for face layers. But covering faces should be accompanied with covered edges, as due to low density of core layer formaldehyde much more easily emits from edges than from faces. The presented research shows differences in formaldehyde emission rate at unsurfaced and surfaced MDF and particleboard. For face layer, melamine impregnated papers with grammages of 130 g/m2 and 200 g/m2 were used, while for covering edges, melamine edge-banding tape was applied. In the research it was determined that higher barrier effect was achieved when impregnated paper with a grammage of 200 g/m2 was used. When surface was completely covered with impregnated paper and melamine edge-band tape, formaldehyde emission was lowered by between 83 % and 94 %.

EXTENDED ABSTRACT: The paper has always been and it remains to be the primary information carrier though only 0.1 % of the total information is recorded on this media. The paper production industry has a great impact on the environment which is mostly due to the use of raw materials (wood of conifers and deciduous trees), fillers (CaCO 3), additional materials (dyes, glue, binders, retentionaids), and chemicals (acids and bases). However, the greatest impact on the environmentis caused by the extensive water consumption. To produce 1 ton of paper up to 60 m3 of freshwater are necessary. The water is not the only resource needed in the production cycle. Besides, the consumption of electrical energy (approximately 10,000 MJ/t pap), waste paper (paper represents 35 % of waste), and air pollution (paper production and transport) should be taken into consideration. In spite of the above mentioned environmental threats the paper still remains an important element of the everyday life and the use of modern information technology (personal computers, telefax, Internet) has increased its demand and consumption. It is important that the paper is produced from natural materials which are later released into environment without significant environmental consequences. The technology of paper recycling and re-use is widely known and a must of any responsible and professional social environment. Digitisation has increased the consumption of electrical energy as a consequence of production, use and reprocessing of different devices. Unlike a written record, a digital record has no permanent value and the electromagnetic field has a negative effect on the digital records. Digital records have to be constantly updated and adjusted to the computer software and hardware. A book and its content represent a treasure and an invaluable part of the cultural heritage. To use a book it is necessary to learn the alphabet whereas to read digital records we need to be computer and information literate. Negative effects of digitisation have affected the production of paper as the demand for graphic paper (newsprint, writing, printing paper) has decreased. The demand for raw materials, products and semi-manufactured products has decreased, too. Consequently, the level of investments in modernisation of equipment and in new production lines has been equally reduced. The proportion of employees directly or indirectly involved in the paper making and paper processing industry has been diminished. In the European Union paper and paper processing industry employ 1.9 million people in 200,000 enterprises representing 6.5 % of turnover in the production sector or 80 billion EUR or 16 billion EUR of the value added per year. The EU is expected to prevent the decline of paper and paper related industry (graphic, construction, logistic) which would endanger the production – consumption cycle. After all, dismissals can ruin the social equilibrium. However, the paper production is faced with a difficult situation caused by digitisation. The competitiveness of the global market has an impact on the labour force costs, raw materials and energy products. Besides, production costs within the European Union are not competitive because of the EU Regulations and Directives which affect the price of raw materials, semi products and energy products. All these facts led to the decrease of workforce and the loss of market leading position and competitiveness.

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Copyright of Journal of Universal Excellence (JUE) / Revija za Univerzalno Odličnost (RUO) is the property of Fakulteta za Organizacijske Studije v Novem mestu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sotto questo titolo è apparsa nell'autunno del 1999 un'antologia curata dai quattro editori,. contenente 29 brani ( ad opera dei curatori e altri collaboratori). Le linee direttrici sono esposte nella prefazione (Preface, 2 pagine introduttive fuori paginazione). La base è l'antologia Early Romance Texts: An Anthology (1980) di Rodney Sampson, definita invaluable, ma ormai di difficile accesso. Perciò, con la presente scelta di testi si cerca di ovviare a questa situazione. Ci sono però determinati limiti: infatti, sono stati tralasciati i testi più noti, canonici, già bene studiati, ma nel contempo si è desistito anche dall'includere soltanto testi finora non pubblicati. In tal modo si è scelta una via di mezzo, includendo i testi meno noti e meno discussi, tutti pubblicati, è vero, già prima ma in places now considered relatively obscure e parecchio tempo (perfino tutto un secolo) fa. La struttura di tutti i contributi è identica: ad una succinta introduzione (dati essenziali sul relativo testo) seguono il brano, i commenti, la bibliografia e la traduzione inglese. In tal modo l'antologia è coerente, di facile orientamento ed altrettanto facili confronti tra i singoli testi, il che è di notevole importanza scientifica e pedagogica. Infine, i curatori fanno risaltare il ruolo delle ricerche filologiche negli studi più propriamente linguistici.

Copyright of Tekstilec is the property of University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences & Engineering, Department of Textiles and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Library / Knjižnica is the property of Zveza bibliotekarskih drustev Slovenije (ZBDS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subsequent three papers in the present volume (viz. Snedec', Teržan's, and Trobevšek-Drobnak's) have arisen from the research in historical syritax conducted since 1986 by us in the Department for Germanic Languages and Literatures of the University of Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, under the advisorship of J. Orešnik.

Technological potential of hop biomass for paper and packaging production has been evaluated. Chemical composition of raw biomass including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, extractives and ash has been determined. Average portion of cellulose has ranged between 30 and 35%. Hop biomass has been delignified on laboratory level according to sulphate or kraft procedure with 38% pulp yield. The produced fibers have been examined under microscope after which optical and mechanical properties have been determined. Fibers are very dark (ISO whiteness 16,2%), inhomogeneous and have lower strength (breaking length 2942 m at 39 °SR drainability) compared to wood and hemp. By implementation of appropriate pretreatment of hop biomass as well as optimisation of delignification and refining processes it is possible to produce fibers and paper for packaging purposes on pilot level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The paper analyzes the failure of predictions from mid-nineties that an e-book will become more popular than a printed book. The author stresses that the reasons for this failure are predominantly economical and sociological and have much less to do with technological failures of e-book reading devices that it is popularly believed. The backbone of the book publishing process is the inseparable link between the content and its carrier; on this basis, the publishers has become the gatekeepers of intellectual production and the authorship has become a profession. In e-publishing, the link between the content and its carrier disintegrated; as a consequence, e-book publishing never established itself in a form of successful business process. Additionally, throughout the last 500 years, the printed book established itself as the most appropriate media for dissemination and storage of the most sophisticated product of human mind. The paper shows that the e-book lacks the necessary features to substitute printed book in this role. However, regardless its dominance over e-book, the production and marketing of printed books have become almost entirely digitized. As a consequence, instead of e-book readers, paper has become the most important carrier of e-book content.

Light pollution measurements in Maribor, Gornja Radgona and Senovo [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A research survey was made with the aim to ascertain: 1) which are the criteria that influence decisions on scientific journal cancellation/retaining in Slovene bio-medical libraries; 2) to what extent, if at all, do Slovene special libraries differ from their sister libraries in more developed parts of the world in tackling these difficult sets of problems; and 3) to prove or discard the hypothesis that these libraries do not give absolute priority to the price of the journals, but rather to some more user-relevant factors, when considering decisions of their cancellation/retaining.

Copyright of Arhivi is the property of Arhivsko Drustvo Slovenije and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While particularly during the 1970s and 1980s, socialist Yugoslavia maintained close contact with the neighbouring European Economic Community, its most important foreign trade partner at the time, this did not preclude Yugoslavia's non-aligned foreign policy. Based on newly accessible documents from the federal foreign affairs authorities, the first part of the paper analyses Belgrade's official position vis-à-vis Brussels in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Namely, with the fall of the Berlin Wall, which reduced Yugoslavia's geopolitical relevance, and the growing wariness of the European commissioners with regard to its complicated internal affairs situation, the prospect of Yugoslavia attaining associate or even full membership in the European Economic Community - aspirations particularly promoted by the reform government of Ante Marković - proved unrealistic. In the northernmost Yugoslav republic, which was also most actively engaged in an economic exchange with the European Economic Community, frustration over sluggish negotiations on the part of federal authorities with Brussels and especially the comprehensive integration process introduced in the European Economic Community by the Single European Act prompted an autonomous search for new paths to the emerging largest global economic bloc. The second part of the article draws on materials of republican provenance to provide an analysis of the imaginary of Europeanism, as well as of the technocratic strategies adopted to approximate the Slovenian/Yugoslav legislation and standards (the so-called 1990 White Paper), which was a major focus of the last Slovenian socialist government and the reforming League of Communists. Although the catchphrase of the time, "Europe Now!", was interpreted in some parts of Yugoslavia as a call for Slovenia to immediately and independently join the European Economic Community, the Slovenian late-socialist establishment still allowed for the possibility of Slovenia integrating into Europe within the framework of Yugoslavia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides detailed technical instructions and brief substantial guidelines to the prospective authors. The title should be informative but not too long. It can include a rhetorical question, allusion or wordplay, but only if carefully considered. The top title should be typeset in the IMS Paper Title Top style and the bottom one in the IMS Paper Title Bottom style. If the paper itself is not written in English, the top title should be in the language of the paper and the bottom title and abstract should be in English. If the paper is in English, the bottom title and abstract should be in Slovenian. British spelling should be used for the English text. The abstract should not exceed 250 words. It should be typeset in the IMS Abstract style. It should not have subtitles, sections or be divided into paragraphs. For an empirically oriented paper, the structure of the abstract should follow the structure of the paper (background, methods, results, conclusions); a non-empirical paper gives more freedom to the authors regarding the structure of the abstract. The footnote of the title page should list the authors' institutions (in the language of the paper) and provide contact information (name, address and e-mail of the corresponding author). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'Università Autonoma di Barcellona ha inserito fra le sue Publicacions del Departament de Filologia Hispànica il volume che reca il titolo citato e che è desti­ nato ad avere carattere periodico (p. 6). Nel Prologo (pp. 5-6) i curatori affermano che fino agli anni 70 la linguistica «en aquest nostre país» non era arrivata al grado di maturità che permettesse la formazione di una scuola né di un sufficiente numero di ricercatori. Dall'inizio della scorsa decade le cose sono cominciate ad andare me­ glio: nel giugno del 1983 è stato spedito un invito a collaborare al volume miscella­ neo (qui recensito) e a Sitges è stato o ganizzato un colloquio internazionale dedica­ to ai problemi di linguistica teorica e agli aspetti (sincronici e diacronici) della lingui­ stica romanza che presentano interesse teorico. Il volume recensito raccoglie tredici contributi, di cui sei sono stati presentati al colloquio citato. Con le parole dei cura­ tori (collaboratori dell'Università Autonoma di Barcelona /U. A. B./: Joan Masca­ ró, Anna Bartra, Josep M. Brucart, Josep M. Nadal e Gemma Rigau): «d'aquesta manera volem fer plataforma que contribueixi a la consolidació, al nostre país, d'aquella pràctica científica "normal" que esmentàvem abans» (p. 6). Insomma, si cerca, e si riesce, a portare la linguistica catalana ed ispanica ad un livello internazionale e nel contempo si presentano i suoi risultati al pubblico linguistico mondiale.

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Copyright of Moderna Arhivistika is the property of Maribor Provincial Archives and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Moderna Arhivistika is the property of Maribor Provincial Archives and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Moderna Arhivistika is the property of Maribor Provincial Archives and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Electrotechnical Review / Elektrotehniski Vestnik is the property of Electrotechnical Society of Slovenia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electrotechnical Review / Elektrotehniski Vestnik is the property of Electrotechnical Society of Slovenia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of curricular reforms in pre-primary education in Slovakia within the context of legislative changes, relying on the overall policy of schools of the state in the twenty-first century. The paper presents the school system in the Slovak Republic, along with changes over the last 25 years regarding pre-primary education. Focusing on the analysis of the influence of international tendencies on the formation of the state's curriculum policy in the field of pre-primary education, it also introduces and characterizes national education programs for kindergartens, compares them, and points out practical aspects of applying the current curriculum in kindergarten conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]