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Rad se bavi detaljnom analizom Epikurove teorijsko metafizičke filozofije, koja stoji kao temelj njegovih etičkih razmatranja. Pokušaćemo da ponudimo uvid u to da li njegove ideje o nauci o prirodi, epistemologiji ili psihologiji nude valjane i ubjedljive razloge na osnovu kojih bismo mogli (a možda i morali) da prihvatimo etiku koju on postulira, ili je slučaj obratan, tj. da je prije svega formulisana etika pa su tek na osnovu tih razmatranja razjašnjene osnovne ideje teorijskih razmatranja. Uz to ćemo uvidjeti značaj tih pojedinačnih oblasti ne samo iz perspektive epikurejske filozofije već i njihov doprinos razvoju savremene filozofske misli. Pokazaćemo na koji način teorijska promišljanja imaju direktan uticaj na praktično djelovanje čovjeka. Odnosno kako možemo da se, upoznajući zakone prirode kao i načine na koje saznajemo ili opažamo spoljašnji svijet, oslobodimo strahova i anksioznosti. Na taj način se dostiže cilj epikurejske filozofije: život ispunjen racionalno odmjerenim i pažljivo promišljenim zadovoljstvima i uživanjima. Na atomističkoj slici univerzuma, preuzetoj od Demokrita koju je Epikur unaprijedio iznenadnim skretanjem atoma, zasnivaju se svaka naredna teorijska razmatranja. Epistemološki procesi, kao što je opažanje, recimo, zavise od načina na koji je univerzum, pa i sami naš svijet, skrojen. Opažanje nastaje tako što spoljašnji predmeti odašilju eidola-e koje nadražuju naša čula i proizvode određene osjete. Dalje, direktna i nedvosmislena posledica isključivo materijalističkog objašnjenja funkcionisanja univerzuma jeste determinizam, što je Epikur pokušao da prenebregne. Pokušaj uklapanja libertarijanističke pozicije u zakonima uređenu predstavu svijeta nije urađeno na najsrećniji način i predstavlja najveći nedostatak dijela epikurejske teorijske filozofije koji se bavi problemom slobodne volje. Nasuprot tome, psihološka razmatranja, utemeljena na već tada uobičajenoj distinkciji duše i tijela, Epikur shvata kao različite aspekti jedne iste materije, tj. atoma. Sve duševne procese je moguće redukovati na fizičke, što nam daje za pravo da Epikura smatramo ako ne prvim teoretičarem, onda makar začetnikom teorije psiho- fizičkog identiteta u filozofiji duha. Dio koji se u potpunosti nadovezuje na razmatranja o odnosu duše i tijela tiče se pojma smrti. Epikur smatra da smrt sa nama nema ništa, te da su strah i zabrinutost koje imamo od nje u potpunosti neosnovani i deplasirani. Konačno, završno poglavlje neće predstavljati samo rezimiranje svega do tada rečenog, već ćemo ponuditi određeno poređenje osnovnih crta teorijske i praktične filozofije. Odnosno, utvrđivanjem koja od njih ima primat, bićemo u mogućnosti jasnije da uvidimo koji je suštinski značaj filozofije za Epikura. The dissertation gives a detailed analysis of Epicurus’ theoretical philosophy, which sets the grounds for his ethical considerations. We will try to provide an insight into whether his ideas on science, epistemology and psychology offer valid and convincing reasons on the basis for accepting the basic postulates of his ethics. Or is the order of arguments reversed, that is, is his ethics formulated originally, and are basic theorethical theses subsequently clarified upon these accounts? In addition, we will observe the significance of these individual areas not only from the perspective of Epicureanism, but also from the standpoint of their contribution to the development of the contemporary philosophical thought. We will show how theoretical considerations have a direct effect on the practical human reactions. How can we, by knowing the laws of nature, as well as the ways in which we discover or observe the outside world, free ourselves of fears and anxiety? In this way, the goal of Epicureanism is fulfilled: life filled with rationally measured and carefully thought-out pleasures and enjoyments. On the atomistic image of the universe, taken from Democritus and advanced by Epicurus sudden swerve of atoms forms the base of each ensuing theoretical account. Epistemological processes, such as perception, are, for example, dependent on the way the universe and even our own world are tailored. Perception is created by external objects that emit eidolae, which stimulate our senses and produce certain affections. Furthermore, a direct and undisputable consequence of the purely materialistic explanation of the universe functioning is determinism, which is something Epicurus attempted to exclude from his system. The attempt to incorporate a libertarian position into a law-regulated functioning of the world has not been performed in the most satisfying way and represents the greatest deficiency of the part of Epicurus’ theoretical philosophy that deals with the problem of free will. In opposition to that, in his psychological considerations based on the already common distinction between the soul and the body, Epicurus sees them as different aspects of the same matter, i.e. atoms. All mental processes can be reduced down to physical processes, which is something that gives us the right to consider Epicurus to be, if not the first identity theorist, then at least someone who initiated the mind – body theory in the philosophy of mind. The part that relates fully to the accounts of the relation between the soul and the body concerns the notion of death. Epicurus believes that death has nothing to do with us, and that the fear and concern we derive from it are completely unfounded and misplaced. Eventually, the final chapter is not only the overall summary, but also a certain comparison of the basic lines of theoretical and practical philosophy. That is, by determining which one of them has a primacy, it can be seen more clearly what is the essence of the Epicurus’ philosophy

Experimental work was carried out in laboratory for physics of ionized gases and lasers in Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics in Niš. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of electrodes were carried out in Faculty of Medicine in Niš, atomic force microscopy were carried out in Institute of Physics in Belgrade and the measurements on quantometer were carried out in AD “Kopex MIN LIV”. In this dissertation processes occurring before, during and after the electrical breakdown in synthetic air are studied by breakdown time delay measurements. Time delay distributions at different conditions and with different electrodes are measured, fitted by Gaussian, mixture Gauss-exponential and exponential distributions and modeled by Monte Carlo simulation. Mixture distributions are generalized and a relation for the effective electron yield is derived. The occurrence of mixture distributions is explained by an increased emissivity of the cathode due to formation of the oxide at the cathode and increased effective surface area. A new methods for determination of the formative time delay, electron attachment coefficient and the drift velocity of the dominant ions are proposed. The memory curve at low pressure is analyzed and three distinctive regions are observed. The first regions is explained by the diffusion losses of the dominant ions. By applying the analytical model the diffusion coefficients of the dominant ions are determined. The two-dimensional numerical model for early and late relaxation is developed. The onedimensional model is used to calculate stationary glow number densities of ions which are used as initial number densities for modelling the relaxation. The results of numerical model indicate that the dominant ion in the early relaxation is oxygen O+2 ions due to intensive N+2 ion conversion. Late relaxationis explained by the surface recombination of nitrogen atoms on borosilicate glass and stainless-steel electrodes. From the numerical model the coefficients of nitrogen atom surface recombination are determined.