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Introduction: The obesity pandemic is closely related to the growing prevalence and severity of fatty liver. Metabolic imbalancesinsulin resistance and dyslipidemiaare cited as the main factors that create the basis for its occurrence and progression to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other complications (cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma). Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the FLI and TyG indices within two groups of patients, obese and non-obese, as well as to determine their interrelationship and correlation with other laboratory parameters. Material and methods: The study included 62 patients, divided into two groups: obese and non-obese, equally represented (50%; 31). Anthropometric measurements and all laboratory tests of blood samples taken after 12-14 hours of night fasting were performed at the Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases UCCS. The FLI and TyG indices were calculated using appropriate algorithmic calculators. Results: The median of FLI in the obese patients was 86.4 and in the non-obese 13.7 (p < 0.001). The average value of TyG in obese was 5.0 ± 0.3 and in the non-obese 4.7 ± 0.3 (p < 0.001). Obese patients were significantly older, and had higher BMI and waist circumference (p < 0.01). Non-obese patients had higher values of total cholesterol, HDL and LDL (p < 0.05), while triglycerides were higher in obese patients (p = 0.01). The interrelationship as well as the correlation between indices and other laboratory parameters was of a significant medium degree (p < 0.05), except in the case of HDL, where a moderate degree of negative correlation was observed. Conclusion: Fatty liver indices were significantly higher in obese patients. Total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were higher in non-obese and tryglicerides were higher in obese patients. The interrelationship and correlations between the indices and other laboratory parameters were moderately positive. Lower HDL values resulted in higher indices values.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome includes insulin resistance, visceral obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia, which together lead to an increased risk of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance is considered a pathophysiological mechanism underlying metabolic syndrome, characterized by inadequate glucose metabolism, hyperinsulinemia and lipid imbalance. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic disease characterized by microvesicular steatosis and isn't a consequence of the use of drugs, alcohol, or inherited diseases and is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Aim: Since insulin resistance is pathophysiologically related to metabolic liver diseases, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of the FLI index with insulin resistance indices HOMA and QUICKI, but also a comparison of the insulin resistance index HOMA, Quicki and Tyg and the FLI index of fatty liver in the complete sample and in the groups of overweight and obese patients with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: The study included 70 patients who met the criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and who were selected by reviewing the medical documentation. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A were overweight patients (BMI 25 - 29.9 kg/m2). Group B were obese patients (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Insulin resistance index values were compared between groups and then correlated by statistical analysis with FLI index within groups and in a complete sample. Results: Statistical analysis found a correlation between the FLI index and the insulin resistance index HOMA (p = 0.03) in a complete sample. A statistically significant difference in the values of the FLI index between the examined groups was proved (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The positive correlation between the FLI index with the HOMA index speaks in favor of the interrelationship between insulin resistance and fatty liver in patients with metabolic syndrome. In this case, insulin resistance can be a predictor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma and cardiovascular diseases.

This research aimed to develop a reliable, easy-to-perform and cheap method for measuring protein oxidation in complex samples such as aquaculture feed within various protein sources. For that purpose modified 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)-based method for quantification of protein carbonyls was employed whilst the modification of the method consisted of using different solutions for the extraction (distilled water and different concentrations of KCl and NaCl solutions), time of protein extraction (after homogenization and over the night) and concentration of trichloroacetic acid (10 and 25% TCA) for protein precipitation. Extraction during the night, higher TCA concentration and the use of 0.5 M KCl extraction solution resulted in the highest protein amount measured by the Lowry method and 280 nm protein estimation. On the other hand, the lowest protein yield was obtained by using distilled water for the extraction. Furthermore, the lowest amount of protein carbonyls was in the case when extraction was performed with distilled water (DW), while the highest content of protein carbonyls was reached with 0.15 M KCl and 0.5 M KCl extraction solutions. It was observed that the amount of proteinbound carbonyls compounds was increasing during storage under accelerated conditions and, in comparison to the original method, the modified method for measuring protein oxidation resulted in a higher amount of carbonyls during all points of storage.

Background/Aim. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the most commonly used calcium phosphate bioceramics with osteoconductive properties. Growth factors are capable of directly inducing morphological and functional differentiation of neodontoblasts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of HAp-based biomaterial in combination with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the creation of new dentine and obturation of the root canal apex in the teeth of an experimental animal model. Methods. Rodent (rabbit) teeth were used as the experimental animal model. After pulp removal with a pulp extirpator in vital pulpectomy, the biomaterial was applied using a Lentulo spiral in the apex portion at the level of the physiological foramen apicale. The experiment was performed in general anesthesia. Animals were kept alive for 3, 6, and 12 months after the treatment. The extracted teeth were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results. Using SEM, it was found that the number of teeth with newly created dentine and apex canal obturation was greater 12 months after the treatment. Conclusion. Apex obturation of the dental root canal with newly created dentine took place in our experimental groups treated by biomaterial with or without TGF-β1.

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Kombucha beverage is a fermented product obtained by kombucha culture fermentation of, usually, black or green tea. Besides black and green tea, kombucha also ferments water extracts of medicinal herbs. The obtained products possess antioxidant activity. The aim of this paper was to establish the antioxidant potential of kombucha beverages with black tea, green tea, and medicinal herbs after pepsin and pancreatin in vitro digestion. The radical scavenging ability of DPPH and hydroxyl radical, as well as reducing power of kombucha products was determined. At the end of the digestion process, the highest antioxidant potential towards hydroxyl radical showed only kombucha beverages with peppermint and stinging nettle extract. Results for reducing power and antioxidant capacity to scavenging DPPH radical showed a decrease in values after the digestion process.

Introduction. Secretory breast carcinoma is rare subtype of breast carcinoma which occurs primarily in children and young adults, so in the past it was called juvenile carcinoma. Case report. A 67-year-old female patient presented with mass of the right breast since one month. After physical, routine laboratory examination and mammography, core needle biopsy was performed and histopathological examination confirmed invasive carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, estrogen-receptors (ER) and progesteron-receptors (PR) showed weak positive reaction in 10% of tumor cells, while human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) was without expression. After an adequate preoperative preparation, operation was done – quadrantectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with 6 cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF) combination, radiotherapy (60 Gy) and tamoxifen. After 5-year follow-up the patient had no signs of the disease. Conclusion. Secretory breast cancer is a rare subtype of invasive breast carcinoma with wide age range of occurrence and good prognosis despite its triplenegative immunophenotype. Although the therapeutic management is non-consensual for this breast cancer special type, surgery is considered the mainstay of the treatment as well as the adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation.

In this study some functional properties and the in vitro digestibility of protein isolates from plum oil cakes, obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and cold pressing, as a control, were described and compared. Amygdalin contents in the protein isolates were at amounts considerably lower than regulatory. Solubility profiles of both protein isolates were typical for this type of plant proteins. Proteins showed good digestibility, which was assessed by gastrointestinal proteases (pepsin and pancreatin). SDS-PAGE analysis was used for characterisation of protein digests which showed that the protein isolates were completely digested. In vitro antioxidant capacity by three complementary methods and enzyme inhibitory effects towards Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE) related to the onset of hypertension were determined. All obtained protein hydrolysates acted as DPPH and ABTS scavengers, as reducing agents and also as ACE enzyme inhibitor. Hence, the protein isolates obtained from plum kernel cake showed to be a potential source of natural products for food applications, with good digestibility and beneficial bioactive properties.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of pumpkin oil cake protein isolate in production of millet bread. For that purpose, breads were created by substitution of millet flour with proteins at 5, 10 and 15% level. Dough rheological properties and both physical and sensory characteristics of obtained bread were determined. The increase in pumpkin oilseed cake protein (POCP) concentration influenced increase in dough viscosity, as determined using farinograph and fundamental rheological measurements. This is additionally confirmed by lower elasticity of supplemented breads as determined by texture analysis and sensory panel. Substitution of millet flour with POCP at all tested levels did not exhibit any influence on bread specific volume. However, 24 h after baking, breads supplemented with higher amount of POCP showed less pronounced hardening of the crumb, indicating that these proteins might retard starch retrogradation. The supplementation of millet bread with POCP had several beneficial effects on the sensory quality of bread, such as loss of bitter taste and aftertaste originating from millet flour. Additionally, bread granularity decreased and bread dissolving speed in mouth increased along with the increase in POCP concentration.

The paper discusses the results of research by Serbian scholars into the field of cognitive linguistics over the past ten years. Special emphasis is laid on the cognitive linguistic studies of grammar, both in Serbian proper and from the contrastive viewpoint, which successfully apply Predrag Piper’s semantic localisation theory. It highlights the achievements of Serbian scholars in the sphere of historical cognitive linguistics, as well as fuzzy linguistics. It singles out cognitive principles in research into Serbian dialectology, as well as into lexicology, cultural linguistics and ethnolinguistics. The paper specifies the distinctive principles of the multidisciplinary fields in which cognitive linguistic methods of language study are used. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 177022: Narodna kultura Srba između Istoka i Zapada]

The paper presents considerations of the research on the Serbian political tradition in the work of Slobodan Jovanović (1869-1958), a famous Serbian lawyer, historian, writer and politician, who had a very important role in the development of the Serbian political thought. His work is extensive and varied, but in essence, it relates to the whole of political life in Serbia in the second half of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century. Almost all the elements that make up the Serbian political tradition can be observed in his work. All these elements are contained in the discussion of political institutions in the 19th century Serbia, the rule of the Obrenović dynasty, political parties and party leaders, political ideas and movements in Serbia and Yugoslavia, extreme political behavior and Serbian national character. Jovanović found the origins of Serbian political tradition in the epic poetry and the Kosovo myth, as well as in the poetry of Njegoš. This was a decisive factor in the formation of general ideas about the Serbs as a freedom-loving, heroic and justice-loving people. At the same time, this is where the origins of the idea of Serbs as a disunited nation can be found. Jovanović paid the greatest attention to issues concerning the content of Serbian political tradition, namely: constitutional system, political institutions, parliamentary life, inter-party struggles, political events, the role of the individual in politics and culture, authoritarianism and political violence. He pointed to the political ideas that were coming from the West and which were accepted with mistrust by the patriarchal Serbian society. He appreciated the role of political parties in the democratization of political life, but he also warned of the dangers that threatened national unity: party favouritism and intolerance. In the analyses of the Serbian national character, Jovanović was of the opinion that the Serbs are predominantly a 'Dinaric type' people, which is characterised by the highly developed sense of justice but not of legality, because it was difficult for them to get accustomed to the laws and could not rid themselves of the biasin favour of relatives and friends in their public life. Regarding Yugoslavism, Jovanovic was its critic, but he pointed out to the rational reasons for the unification of Serbs and Croats, which could be established on a compromise of Serbian and Croatian nationalism. He particularly devoted his attention to the Serbian cultural pattern and indicated that, in its absence, it often came to the corruption in public life, which was most noticeable in politics. That is why he advocated the formation of a humanistic cultural pattern, which would be directed to the development of people and would cover the whole of the spiritual life. The work of Slobodan Jovanović expressed a very critical approach to many issues of Serbian political tradition, but it also expressed very clear Enlightenment appeals for the necessity of humanistic education for the development of democratic political culture in Serbia.

One of the best-studied responses of cognitive evoked potentials is a so-called 'P300', the late positive wave complex that occurs about 300-500 ms after the stimulus. It is obtained when the subject's attention is focused on a signal that is rare, especially if the signal has a motivational or emotional meaning. In the study of P300 potential, we followed the variations of potential amplitude and latency, so the objective was to examine whether there is a difference in Fz and Cz amplitudes of auditory induced cognitive evoked P300 potential depending on the performance of oddball tasks, both in male and female subjects. The study included 60 subjects (30 female respondents and 30 male respondents). P300 potential is induced by the auditory 'oddball' paradigm with 80% of non-target and 20% of target stimuli that are presented to the patient through headphones. The target tones are high tones of 2000 Hz. The standard, 1000 Hz tones the respondent should ignore but when he hears the target tones the respondent should press the button on the special handle. The value of Fz and Cz amplitudes both in male and female subjects obtained in the classical 'oddball' paradigm when the subject reacted to the signal by pressing the key with the dominant (right) arm were statistically significantly lower (p>0,05) than the values of Fz and Cz amplitudes obtained when the key was pressed by the non-dominant hand. Based on this experiment it can be concluded that both in male and female subjects the performance of oddball tasks does not affect the amplitude of P300 cognitive evoked potentials.

The wheat flour represents a complex system whose quality is influenced by several factors such as genotype, growing conditions and the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, wheat quality fluctuation has become a major issue for millers and bakers. Requirements of bakery industry for providing wheat flour of uniform quality impose the need for further investigation in direction of monitoring/improving wheat flour quality. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate wheat varieties, grown in different locations, by breadmaking potential and proteolytic activity in dependence of climate conditions. Wheat flour of four wheat varieties (Pobeda, Zvezdana, Gordana and Apache), from seven locations in Serbia characterized by different climatic conditions in two production years, were used in this study. The analyses included a determination of proteolytic activity and the rheological properties of dough. Rheological properties of wheat flour dough were determined by Gluten index and Brabender equipment (Farinograph, Extensograph and Amylograph). The studies ended with a trial baking and estimation of textural properties of obtained bread. Large variability for all attributes evaluated was observed, with wider ranges in quality parameters across varieties than among growing locations. Wheat flour samples from 2012 production year were characterized by inferior quality parameters. Proteolytic activity and bread specific volume values for 2012 production year were significantly lower compared to 2011. These results indicate that level of proteolytic activity was under optimum for obtaining bread with higher specific volume.

V nastojaščej rabote budut rassmotreny grammatičeskie i leksičeskie pokazateli, profilirujuščie konkretnoe taksisnoe otnošenie v serbskih i ukrainskih konstrukcijah s tak nazyvaemymi nespecializirovannymi sojuzami, sposobnymi vyražat' v složnopodčinennom predloženii raznye taksisnye otnošenija i ih podtipy: predšestvovanie, kontaktnoe predšestvovanie, odnovremennost' (polnuju i nepolnuju), sledovanie i pr. Serbskie i ukrainskie konstrukcii s nespecializirovannymi taksisnymi sojuzami budut razdeleny na prototipičeskie - s ožidaemymi vidovremennymi kombinacijami glagolov i otmečennye, v kotoryh vozmožno otklonenie ot ožidaemoj glagol'noj formy vsledstvie naličija leksičeskih ili sintaksičeskih pokazatelej, obščih dlja oboih jazykov. Issledovanie takže pokazyvaet, čto v každom iz analiziruemyh jazykov prisutstvujut specifičeskie nespecializirovannye sojuzy, vyražajuščie vremennye otnošenija tol'ko pri naličii glagola soveršennogo vida v zavisimoj časti složnopodčinennogo predloženija, pri etom nevremennye značenija dannyh sojuzov v rassmatrivaemyh jazykah ne sovpadajut. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 178021]

The first suggestion that physical exercise results in free radical-mediated damage appeared in 1978, and since that time the sources of oxidant production during exercise continue to be debated. Many researchers focused on the damaging effects of oxidants in muscle (oxidative damage of proteins and lipids), but the examination of cell-signaling effects of free radicals on muscle activity became today's main issue. Free radicals can modulate a number of cell signaling pathways and regulate the expression of multiple genes, contributing to the muscle adaptation on exercise and improving the muscle force production. Those effects are provided by changes in calcium handling by muscle cells or changing in the sensitivity of myofilaments to calcium. As a conclusion we can say that low and physiological levels of free radicals are required for normal force production in skeletal muscle and antioxidant adaptation, while high levels of free radicals promote contractile dysfunction resulting in muscle weakness and fatigue.

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is manifested by recurrent edema in the region of the face or oral cavity, paralysis of facial muscles and fissured tongue. It is a rare, granulomatous disease of unknown cause. We report a case of a patient with the complete clinical triad of MRS symptoms.

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V rabote rassmatrivajutsja temporal'nye funkcii pljuskvamperfekta v serbskom i ukrainskom jazykah, kotorye raneee ne javljalis' predmetom lingvističeskih issledovanij. Tradicionnyj podhod k pljuskvamperfektu kak k otnositel'nomu vremeni, ukazyvajuščemu na predšestvovanie v prošlom, to est' na to, čto situacija (ili ee rezul'tat) imela mesto ran'še nekotoroj drugoj prošloj situacii, vzjatoj v kačestve referentnoj točki, fokusirovannoj govorjaščim i, kak pravilo, ëksplicitno nazvannoj v tekste, ili že kak ko vremeni, ukazyvajuščemu na otdalennoe prošloe (davnominulij čas), dopolneno predstavleniem o konkretnyh tipah taksisnyh konstrukcij s dannoj vremennoj formoj v oboih jazykah. Vydeljajutsja takže funkcii: oboznačenija prervannoj situacii v prošlom; retrospektivnoj aktualizacii; topikalizacii; digressivnaja funkcija, a v ukrainskom jazyke - i funkcija vyraženija kontrafaktičeskogo uslovija. Dannye funkcii rassmatrivajutsja v svjazi s uže opisannymi serbskimi lingvistami funkcijami annulirovannogo rezul'tata i evocirovanija obščego fona, a takže rezul'tatami tipologičeskih issledovanij pljuskvamperfekta poslednego vremeni. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 178021: Opis i standardizacija savremenog srpskog jezika]

(ruski) V dannoj stat’e, ishodja iz koncepcii taksisa, prinadležaščej V. S. Hrakovskomu, predlagaetsja sistematičeskij analiz konstrukcij s deepričastijami v serbskom jazyke. Otdel’no rassmatrivajutsja osložnennye deepričastijami predloženija, vyražajuščie otnošenija predšestvovanija, odnovremennosti i sledovanija. Vpervye v serbskom jazyke opisyvajutsja konstrukcii, peredajuščie tak nazyvaemoe kontaktnoe i preryvaemoe predšestvovanie - kogda dejstvie, vyražennoe deepričastiem, neposredstvenno predšestvuet dejstviju, vyražennomu predikatom ili že dejstvie, sootnesennoe s predikatom, preryvaet predšestvujuščee dejstvie, vyražennoe deepričastiem, a takže konstrukcii, ukazyvajuščie na nepolnuju odnovremennost’ dejstvij, vyražennyh deepričastiem i predikatom. V svjazi s tem, čto taksisnye otnošenija mogut byt’fonom dlja vyraženija drugih nevremennyh otnošenij - pričiny, celi, sledstvija, uslovija, ustupki, obraza dejstvija, v rabote budut rassmotreny primery, illjustrirujuščie upotreblenie deepričastij v konstrukcijah tak nazyvaemogo fonovogo taksisa. V rabote takže budut vyraženy soobraženija po povodu nekotoryh nedostatočno vysvetlennyh v naučnoj literature voprosov, takih kak pričina raznoreferentnosti deepričastija i predikata v serbskom jazyke i pr.

Background/Aim. The most important ethiology factor of chronic liver disease that progresses into terminal insufficiency is hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Intravenous (iv) drug abuse is the main cause for spreading HCV. Thus the therapy for such patients is of extreme importance in reducing the incidence of the disease. The aim of the study was to establish efficacy of a combined therapy with peginterferon alpha-2a and ribavirin in iv opiate substances abusers having chronic HCV infection in relation to sex, age, genotype and level of fibrosis and duration of HCV infection before the treatment. Methods. Thirty one iv opiate substances abusers with chronic hepatitis C (HHC) were enrolled in the examination. The patients were divided according to the genotype into two groups. The patients with genotypes 1 and 4 (n = 18) were treated for 48 weeks, while those with genotypes 2 and 3 (n = 13) for 24 weeks. PCR HCV RNA, genotype determination and liver biopsy were done to each patient. Results. A stabile virological response was achieved in 93.5% of the patients, so the therapy demonstrated statistically significant efficacy i. v. opiate substances abusers with HHC (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in therapeutic response among patient groups formed according to the genotype, sex, duration of the disease and level of fibrosis (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Therapy of of iv opiate substances abusers with HHC has its specificities, and these patients need special treatment. Efficacy of the therapy was equivalent in patient groups formed according to the sex, genotype, level of fibrosis and duration of HCV infection. A combined therapy with peginterferon alfa 2a and ribavirin has high level of success in the treatment of these patients.

Introduction: Depression is the most commonly present psychiatric entity in clinical practice, accompanied by significant impairment of both social and professional functioning. In addition, depression frequently develops as complication of other psychiatric disorders and various somatic diseases. Objective: To investigate subjective perception of quality of life and social adjustment, severity of depressive symptoms as well as level of correlation of severity of depressive symptoms and quality of life and social adjustment of patients with recurrent depression in comparison to the group of patients with diabetes and healthy subjects. Method: The study included 45 subjects of both sexes, ranging from 18 to 60 years of age, divided in three groups of 15 subjects each. The experimental group comprised the patients diagnosed with recurrent depression in remission (DSM-IV), one control group was consisted of patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and another one comprised healthy subjects. The instruments of assessment were: The Beck Depression Inventory- BDI, The Social Adaptation Self -evaluation scale - SASS, The Psychological General Well-Being Scale - WBQ. Results: Significant difference of both BDI and WBQ scales was found between the experimental and the control group of healthy subjects (ANOVA, Mann Whitney; p≤0.01), as well as between two control groups (p≤0.02). The level of inverse correlation of mean score values of BDI and SASS scales was significant in the control group of patients with diabetes while such levels of BDI and WBQ scales (Spearman correlation coefficient, p

Diabetes type 2 is a chronic metabolic disorder. Pathogenesis of diabetes type 2 results from the impaired insulin secretion, impaired insulin action and increased endogenous glucose production. Diabetes evolves through several phases characterized by qualitative and quantitative changes of beta cell secretory function. The aim of our study was to analyze the impact of diabetes duration on beta cell secretory function and insulin resistance. The results indicated significant negative correlation of diabetes duration and fasting insulinemia, as well as beta cell secretory function assessed by HOMA β index. Our study also found significant negative correlation of diabetes duration and insulin resistance assessed by HOMA IR index. Significant positive correlation was established between beta cell secretory capacity (fasting insulinemia and HOMA β) and insulin resistance assessed by HOMA IR index, independently of diabetes duration. These results indicate that: beta cell secretory capacity, assessed by HOMA β index, significantly decreases with diabetes duration. In parallel with decrease of fasting insulinemia, reduction of insulin resistance assessed by HOMA IR index was found as well.

INTRODUCTION. The prevalence of hypertension is two times higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics. In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the incidence of hypertension is similar to the incidence of nephropathy. In obese patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) there can be associated complications of hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension, which can lead to coronary artery disease and stroke. These associated complications are the result of a genetic defect that produces insulin resistance - Syndrome X. Increased microalbuminuria correlates with increased levels of blood pressure (BP) and increased LDL cholesterol, and this is why microalbuminuria is associated with an increase in cardiovascular deaths in diabetics, even in the absence of renal failure. AIM. The aim of this study was to research the influence of a patient's age, diabetes duration, and obesity on the frequency of hypertension and its association with microalbuminuria inT1DM and T2DM. METHOD. 168 hospitalized patients with DM (79T1DM, 89T2DM) were analyzed. The main outcome measures were: 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate by radioimmunoassay (MA=30-30O mg/24h), arterial hypertension (systolic BP>140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP>90 mm Hg), and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS. Microalbuminuria was detected in 42% of patients with T1DM and 47% of patients with T2DM. 34% of T1DM patients and 78% of T2DM patients were hypertensive. Patients were divided into four groups, according to the presence of hypertension and microalbuminuria; Group I - patients with hypertension and MA, Group II - patients with hypertension but without MA, Group III - patients without hypertension and MA, Group IV - patients without hypertension but with MA. 44% of T1DM patients were without hypertension and microalbuminuria, while the most frequent T2DM patients were those with hypertension (37% with and 41% without microalbuminuria). A significant correlation between BMI and diastolic BP in both types of DM (p

Aim. To investigate the influence of low glomerular filtration rate, as well as of systolic and diastolic hypertension, on microalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods. Twenty seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (18 males, 9 females) were studied. All of the patients were below 50 years of age. In 93% of the cases, the duration of diabetes was less than 15 years. GFR was determined, after intravenous injection in the lying position, by using a 99m-Tc-DTPA, while microalbuminuria was calculated for the 24-hour urine using the nephelometric immunoassay (30−300 mg/24 h). The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the value of GFR. The values ranged from 90 to 125 ml/min/1.73 m2 were considered normal (in 63% of the patients in group 1), those above that range were considered as hyperfiltration (in 22.2% of the patients in group 2), while those below that range were considered as hypofiltration (in 13.8% of the patient in group 3). Results. Data analyzed with the one-way ANOVA, indicated a significant statistical difference between the 3 groups in the duration of diabetes (p < 0.05), microalbuminuria (p < 0.01), systolic BP (p < 0.01), diastolic BP (p < 0.05), fructosamine (p = 0.50), urea (p < 0.05), creatinine (p = 0.05), and uric acid (p < 0.05). Microalbuminuria correlated with the age of patients (p

Background. Abnormal lipid profile is an important risk factor in the development of macrovascular atherosclerotic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Factors that contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction associated with the initiation of atherosclerosis include oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid profile and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetics with and without ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods. We studied 80 patients with T2D, 40 with IHD (group A1) and 40 without IHD (group A2). We also studied 51 non-diabetics, 31 with IHD (group B1), and 20 without IHD (group B2 - control group). Lipid profile was estimated by the total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, the level of triglyceride (Tg), lipoproteina a (Lp a), Apo A I, A II, B 100 and E. To evaluate the oxidative status we measured circulating oxidized LDL (ox LDL), erythrocyte antioxidative enzyme activity: superoxide dismutase (E-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (E-GPX), as well as the total antioxidative serum activity (TAS). Inflammatory reaction was estimated by C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. Results. No significant difference was found in the lipid profile in groups A1, A2 and B1, but the group B2 had the lowest one. Lp a level was significantly higher in group B1 comparing to other groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of ox LDL between the groups. In diabetics, ox LDL positively correlated with the total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non HDL cholesterol, Apo B 100 and the relations between LDL/HDL and Tg/HDL (p < 0.001), as well as with Tg and fibrinogen (p < 0.05). In group B1, ox LDL positively correlated with total cholesterol, Tg (p < 0.01), LDL, and non HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05) and significantly with Apo B 100 (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the antioxidant enzyme activities between the groups of diabetics (A1 and A2), but fibrinogen was higher in the group with IHD (group A1, p < 0.05). Group B1 had lower ESOD activity than the groups A1 and A2 (p < 0.05), but CRP was higher (p < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between oxLDL and CRP in groups A1 and A2, but it was statistically significant in the group B1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. In this study we demonstrated the increased oxidative stress in diabetics compared to non-diabetics regardless of the presence of IHD. Fibrinogen, but not CRP, was higher in diabetics with IHD, compared to diabetics without IHD. The increased oxidative stress, the reduced antioxidative activity E-SOD, and the higher level of CRP were found in non-diabetics with IHD compared to non-diabetics without IHD.

Allergic granulomatous angiitis (AGA) - Churg-Strauss syndrome, is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by three distinct clinical phases prodromal, eosinophilic, and vasculitic, and most of respiratory symptoms and signs begin in the first two phases of the disease. Two female patients of different age, who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for AGA, and were in different phases and with the different duration of the disease are presented. The first patient (24 years of age) was admitted to the hospital due to aggravation of asthma, heart failure, and polyneuropathy. The second one (45 years of age) was also hospitalized due to the worsening of asthma polyneuropathy, and fever. Both were treated continuously with glucocorticoids. The older patient also received a total of six pulse doses of cyclophosphamide. Satisfactory response to such a treatment was achieved in both cases.

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This case report presented a female patient with primary-localized-cutaneous--amyloidosis in the form of lichen amyloidosus. Primary-localized-cutaneous--amyloidosis is a rare idiopathic dermatosis caused by abnormal deposition of amyloid composed primarily of degenerated keratin filaments. In order to establish the final diagnosis, detailed clinical and laboratory investigations were performed, with a particular emphasis on pathohistological analysis of skin specimens, special stains, and electron microscopy.